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ElShibany AM, Taha EAER, Kamal DT, GamalEl Din SF, Abo El Yamen YM, Hasan HA, Bakry AR. Epididymal sonographic findings in infertile males with isolated asthenozoospermia and their correlation with seminal plasma l-carnitine: An observational study. Urologia 2024:3915603241273886. [PMID: 39268703 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241273886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to show epididymal sonographic findings in infertile males with isolated asthenozoospermia as well as their correlation with seminal plasma l-carnitine. METHODS Eighty married men were recruited in the study. Fifty infertile men with isolated asthenozoospermia and 30 fertile controls with normal semen parameters were included. Semen analysis was done with estimation of seminal plasma l-carnitine level. Scrotal ultrasonography was used as the diagnostic method for assessing epididymal morphology. RESULTS Epididymal heterogeneous echogenicity was significantly higher in the infertile group compared to the controls. Whereas homogeneous epididymal echotexture and seminal plasma l-carnitine levels were significantly higher in the controls compared to the infertile patients. Interestingly, it was observed that within each group, seminal l-carnitine and sperm total motility were significantly higher in those with homogeneous rather than heterogeneous epididymal echotexture. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a significant association between epididymal echo-texture, seminal plasma l-carnitine and sperm motility. Thus, we recommend performing epididymal sonographic evaluation as one of the basic investigations for infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud ElShibany
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad Abd El Raheem Taha
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dalia Tarek Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mohamed Abo El Yamen
- Andrology & STDs Department, Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Hasan
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman Bakry
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zhang Y, Ding N, Cao J, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhang C, Jiang L. Proteomics and Metabolic Characteristics of Boar Seminal Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Reveal Biomarker Candidates Related to Sperm Motility. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3764-3779. [PMID: 39067049 PMCID: PMC11385425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Although seminal plasma extracellular vesicles (SPEVs) play important roles in sperm function, little is known about their metabolite compositions and roles in sperm motility. Here, we performed metabolomics and proteomics analysis of boar SPEVs with high or low sperm motility to investigate specific biomarkers affecting sperm motility. In total, 140 proteins and 32 metabolites were obtained through differentially expressed analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (ADIRF, EPS8L1, PRCP, CD81, PTPRD, CSK, LOC100736569) and six differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (adenosine, beclomethasone, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, urea, 1-methyl-l-histidine, and palmitic acid) were also identified in WGCNA significant modules. Joint pathway analysis revealed that three DEPs (GART, ADCY7, and NTPCR) and two DEMs (urea and adenosine) were involved in purine metabolism. Our results suggested that there was significant correlation between proteins and metabolites, such as IL4I1 and urea (r = 0.86). Furthermore, we detected the expression level of GART, ADCY7, and CDC42 in sperm of two groups, which further verified the experimental results. This study revealed that several proteins and metabolites in SPEVs play important roles in sperm motility. Our results offered new insights into the complex mechanism of sperm motility and identified potential biomarkers for male reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jinkang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Ran L, Zhao R, Hu G, Dai G, Yao Q, Chen C, Liu X, Xue B. Chronic oral administration of L-carnitine induces testicular injury: in vivo evidence. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04164-9. [PMID: 39044024 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While L-carnitine is commonly used to treat oligoasthenozoospermia, concerns have been raised regarding its potential harm to spermatogenesis. This study aims to investigate the potential testicular toxicity of long-term oral administration of L-carnitine. METHODS In this study, we refer to the clinical adult dosage and mode of L-carnitine administration, and after converting to mouse doses, mice were daily intragastrical administered L-carnitine to investigate whether it was harmful to the testis. The investigation involved assessing its potential testicular toxicity through histopathological staining, sperm motility analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that L-carnitine increased sperm motility after 14 days of continuous administration, but increased luminal exfoliated spermatogenic cells occurred in the testis, and TUNEL results showed increased apoptotic cells. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of the spermatogenic cell marker at each stage was decreased in mice treated for 14 consecutive days of L-carnitine. After 50 days of continuous administration followed by 14 days of drug withdrawal, the total sperm motility of mice was almost 0, and a large number of abnormal eosinophilic spermatogenic cells appeared in the testis. These indicate that oral L-carnitine for more than 14 days impairs spermatogenesis in mice, and sudden discontinuation of administration results in substantial death of established spermatogenic cell populations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that chronic oral administration of L-carnitine impairs spermatogenic function in the testis. The oral administration of L-carnitine to enhance sperm motility should not exceed the 2/5 point of the spermatogenic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangmo Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China
| | - Guangcheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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Victor Oluwaloseyi A, Aduragbemi Noah O, Lydia Oluwatoyin A, Gaffar Y, Moses O, Oyedayo Phillips A, Comfort Onaolapo M, Sylvester Olateju B, Ademola Ayodele A, Mega Obukohwo O, Ayodeji Folorunsho A. Metabolomics of male infertility. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117850. [PMID: 38431200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the use of metabolomics in male infertility. Metabolomics, an evolving omics technology that targets the products of cellular metabolism, is valuable for elucidating underlying pathophysiology of many disorders including male infertility. The identification of reliable biomarkers is essential for accurate diagnosis and for developing precision therapeutics for those afflicted by reproductive dysfunction. Unfortunately, despite significant progress to date, the intricate relationships between these metabolic pathways and male infertility remain elusive. It is clear, however, that additional research is required to more fully characterize the role of metabolomics in this disorder and in the potential development of targeted therapies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Victor Oluwaloseyi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Odeyemi Aduragbemi Noah
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ajayi Lydia Oluwatoyin
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Yusuff Gaffar
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olotu Moses
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Moyinoluwa Comfort Onaolapo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Adelakun Ademola Ayodele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Cannarella R, Crafa A, Sawaid Kaiyal R, Kuroda S, Barbagallo F, Alamo A, Mongioì LM, Sapienza S, Condorelli RA, LA Vignera S, Calogero AE. Antioxidants for male infertility: therapeutic scheme and indications. A retrospective single-center real-life study. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2024; 49:13-24. [PMID: 38240682 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.23.04080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This single-center real-life study was conducted to evaluate the most effective combination of nutraceuticals and the most appropriate indications for the treatment of male infertile patients. METHODS Infertile patients aged 20-55 years were treated with a combination of antioxidants (Androlen®; Enfarma, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy) (group A), with Androlen® (Enfarma) and a mixture of fibrinolytic molecules (Lenidase®, Enfarma) (group B), or Androlen® (Enfarma) and other molecules different from those used for the patients of the group B (group C). Patients were also subdivided according to the presence of varicocele, mild testicular hypotrophy, idiopathic infertility, and chronic male accessory gland infection. RESULTS Forty-three patients were enrolled. In the overall analysis, only progressive motility significantly improved after therapy. Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in progressive motility, total motile sperm count (TMSC), and in the percentage of alive spermatozoa after treatment in the group A. Progressive motility improved significantly in patients with varicocele, while the TMSC in patients with varicocele and those with idiopathic infertility. The percentage of alive spermatozoa increased in patients with testicular hypotrophy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with antioxidants increased progressive sperm motility, especially in patients with varicocele or idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA -
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raneen Sawaid Kaiyal
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shinnosuke Kuroda
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alamo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sapienza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro LA Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Sengupta P, Pinggera G, Calogero AE, Agarwal A. Oxidative stress affects sperm health and fertility-Time to apply facts learned at the bench to help the patient: Lessons for busy clinicians. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12598. [PMID: 39224210 PMCID: PMC11366688 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increased oxidative stress (OS), resulting from the delicate balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense, is closely linked to sperm abnormalities and male subfertility. Elevated ROS levels particularly affect sperm quality. The vulnerability of spermatozoa to ROS is due to the absence of DNA repair mechanisms and the high presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their membranes. Methods This article updates and advances our understanding of the molecular damage caused by OS in spermatozoa, including lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, motility, and functionality. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges in diagnosing OS in semen and recommends accurate and sensitive testing methods. Case studies are utilized to demonstrate the effective management of male infertility caused by OS. Main findings Highlighting the need to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice, this review suggests strategies for clinicians, such as lifestyle and dietary changes and antioxidant therapies. The review emphasizes lifestyle modifications and personalized care as effective strategies in managing male infertility caused by OS. Conclusion This review calls for early detection and intervention and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve patient care in male infertility cases related to increased OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Global Andrology ForumMoreland HillsOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineGulf Medical UniversityAjmanUAE
| | - Germar‐M. Pinggera
- Global Andrology ForumMoreland HillsOhioUSA
- Department of UrologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Global Andrology ForumMoreland HillsOhioUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and NutritionUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology ForumMoreland HillsOhioUSA
- Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Díaz Rojas E, Carrillo Moreno DI, Contreras Villarreal V, Arellano Rodríguez F, Alvarado Espino AS, Ángel García O. Effect of nutraceutical supplementation on semen quality in stallions. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2600-2605. [PMID: 37817488 PMCID: PMC10650371 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of reproductive biotechnologies in equine practice has shown that some stallions are subfertile, so ways to improve fertility have been sought. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutraceutical supplementation on improving semen quality in Quarter Horse stallions. METHODS Semen from six Quarter Horse stallions was assessed for 4 months every 20 days using the computer-assisted semen analysis system. They were evaluated for 60 days before supplementation; then, the same stallions were re-evaluated for 60 days with nutraceutical supplementation (30 g/day). RESULTS Volume showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with nutraceuticals. Sperm concentration (10x6 ) was significantly higher with supplementation (339.4 ± 17.5 sperm/mL) than without supplementation (224.6 ± 19.9). Sperm abnormalities (%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower with supplementation (14.3 ± 0.6) than without supplementation (19.1 ± 0.4). Sperm kinematic parameters, total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), rectilinear velocity (VSL), the velocity of the trajectory (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL), were significantly better with supplementation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, it is concluded that nutraceutical supplementation improved semen parameters in Quarter Horse stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Díaz Rojas
- Ciencias en Producción AgropecuariaUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroTorreónCoahuilaMexico
| | - Dalia I. Carrillo Moreno
- Departamento de Producción AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroTorreónCoahuilaMexico
| | | | | | - Alan S. Alvarado Espino
- Departamento de Producción AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroTorreónCoahuilaMexico
| | - Oscar Ángel García
- Departamento de Ciencias Médico VeterinariasUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroTorreónCoahuilaMexico
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Annes K, Ferreira CR, Valente RS, Marsico TV, Tannura JH, da Silveira JC, Silva FH, Landim-Alvarenga FDC, Mesquista FS, Sudano MJ. Contribution of lipids to the organelle differential profile of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2023; 208:109-118. [PMID: 37311262 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each living organism is unique because of the lipid identity of its organelles. The diverse distribution of these molecules also contributes to the role of each organelle in cellular activity. The lipid profiles of whole embryos are well documented in the literature. However, this approach can often lead to the loss of relevant information at the subcellular and consequently, metabolic levels, hindering a deeper understanding of key physiological processes during preimplantation development. Therefore, we aimed to characterize four organelles in vitro-produced bovine embryos: lipid droplets (LD), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria (MIT), and nuclear membrane (NUC), and evaluate the contribution of the lipid species to each organelle evaluated. Expanded blastocysts were subjected to cell organelle isolation. Thereafter, lipid extraction from cell organelles and lipid analysis using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) profiling method were performed. The LD and ER displayed a greater number of lipids (Phosphatidylcholine - PC, Ceramide - Cer, and Sphingomielin - SM) with high signal-to-noise intensities. This result is due to the high rate of biosynthesis, lipid distribution, and ability to store and recycle lipid species of these organelles. The NUC had a more distinct lipid profile than the other three organelles, with high relative intensities of PC, SM, and triacylglycerols (TG), which is consistent with its high nuclear activity. MIT had an intermediate profile that was close to that of LD and ER, which aligns with its autonomous metabolism for some classes of phospholipids (PL). Our study revealed the lipid composition of each organelle studied, and the roles of these lipids could be associated with the characteristic organellar activity. Our findings highlight the lipid species and classes that are relevant for the homeostasis and function of each associated organelle and provide tentative biomarkers for the determination of in vitro embryonic development and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Annes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis - Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Christina Ramires Ferreira
- Bindley Bioscience Center, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Roniele Santana Valente
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thamiris Vieira Marsico
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis - Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Silveira Mesquista
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472 - KM 592, PO Box 118, 97501-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mateus José Sudano
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis - Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Hau RK, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis Barrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1157-1168. [PMID: 37258305 PMCID: PMC10449102 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is a selectively permeable membrane barrier formed by adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) in the seminiferous tubules of the testes that develops intercellular junctional complexes to protect developing germ cells from external pressures. However, due to this inherent defense mechanism, the seminiferous tubule lumen can act as a pharmacological sanctuary site for latent viruses (e.g., Ebola, Zika) and cancers (e.g., leukemia). Therefore, it is critical to identify and evaluate BTB carrier-mediated drug delivery pathways to successfully treat these viruses and cancers. Many drugs are unable to effectively cross cell membranes without assistance from carrier proteins like transporters because they are large, polar, and often carry a charge at physiologic pH. SCs express transporters that selectively permit endogenous compounds, such as carnitine or nucleosides, across the BTB to support normal physiologic activity, although reproductive toxicants can also use these pathways, thereby circumventing the BTB. Certain xenobiotics, including select cancer therapeutics, antivirals, contraceptives, and environmental toxicants, are known to accumulate within the male genital tract and cause testicular toxicity; however, the transport pathways by which these compounds circumvent the BTB are largely unknown. Consequently, there is a need to identify the clinically relevant BTB transport pathways in in vitro and in vivo BTB models that recapitulate human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for these xenobiotics. This review summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo models of the BTB reported in the literature and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of certain models for drug disposition studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug disposition to the testes is influenced by the physical, physiological, and immunological components of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). But many compounds are known to cross the BTB by transporters, resulting in pharmacological and/or toxicological effects in the testes. Therefore, models that assess drug transport across the human BTB must adequately account for these confounding factors. This review identifies and discusses the benefits and limitations of various in vitro and in vivo BTB models for preclinical drug disposition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
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10
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Olesti E, Boccard J, Rahban R, Girel S, Moskaleva NE, Zufferey F, Rossier MF, Nef S, Rudaz S, González-Ruiz V. Low-polarity untargeted metabolomic profiling as a tool to gain insight into seminal fluid. Metabolomics 2023; 19:53. [PMID: 37271779 PMCID: PMC10239740 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A decrease in sperm cell count has been observed along the last several decades, especially in the most developed regions of the world. The use of metabolomics to study the composition of the seminal fluid is a promising approach to gain access to the molecular mechanisms underlying this fact. OBJECTIVES In the present work, we aimed at relating metabolomic profiles of young healthy men to their semen quality parameters obtained from conventional microscopic analysis. METHODS An untargeted metabolomics approach focusing on low- to mid-polarity compounds was used to analyze a subset of seminal fluid samples from a cohort of over 2700 young healthy men. RESULTS Our results show that a broad metabolic profiling comprising several families of compounds (including acyl-carnitines, steroids, and other lipids) can contribute to effectively distinguish samples provided by individuals exhibiting low or high absolute sperm counts. CONCLUSION A number of metabolites involved in sexual development and function, signaling, and energy metabolism were highlighted as being distinctive of samples coming from either group, proving untargeted metabolomics as a promising tool to better understand the pathophysiological processes responsible for male fertility impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Olesti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Rahban
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Girel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalia E Moskaleva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fanny Zufferey
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, Central Institute of Hospitals, Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michel F Rossier
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology, Central Institute of Hospitals, Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Hau RK, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Drug Transporters at the Human Blood-Testis Barrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:560-571. [PMID: 36732077 PMCID: PMC10158500 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporters are involved in the movement of many physiologically important molecules across cell membranes and have a substantial impact on the pharmacological and toxicological effect of xenobiotics. Many transporters have been studied in the context of disposition to, or toxicity in, organs such as the kidney and liver; however, transporters in the testes are increasingly gaining recognition for their role in drug transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The BTB is an epithelial membrane barrier formed by adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) in the seminiferous tubules that form intercellular junctional complexes to protect developing germ cells from the external environment. Consequently, many charged or large polar molecules cannot cross this barrier without assistance from a transporter. SCs express a variety of drug uptake and efflux transporters to control the flux of endogenous and exogenous molecules across the BTB. Recent studies have identified several transport pathways in SCs that allow certain drugs to circumvent the human BTB. These pathways may exist in other species, such as rodents and nonhuman primates; however, there is (1) a lack of information on their expression and/or localization in these species, and (2) conflicting reports on localization of some transporters that have been evaluated in rodents compared with humans. This review outlines the current knowledge on the expression and localization of pharmacologically relevant drug transporters in human testes and calls attention to the insufficient and contradictory understanding of testicular transporters in other species that are commonly used in drug disposition and toxicity studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: While the expression, localization, and function of many xenobiotic transporters have been studied in organs such as the kidney and liver, the characterization of transporters in the testes is scarce. This review summarizes the expression and localization of common pharmacologically-relevant transporters in human testes that have significant implications for the development of drugs that can cross the blood-testis barrier. Potential expression differences between humans and rodents highlighted here suggest rodents may be inappropriate for some testicular disposition and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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12
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Novel Targeted Zinc Oxide Nanoflakes Loaded L-Carnitine as a Corrective Tool for Sperm Parameters Disorders: Technetium 99 m Radiolabeling and In Vivo Biodistribution Studies. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Li Z, Sun J, Li K, Qin J, Sun Y, Zeng J, El-Ashram S, Zhao Y. Metabolomic analysis reveals spermatozoa and seminal plasma differences between Duroc and Liang guang Small-spotted pig. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1078928. [PMID: 36686181 PMCID: PMC9853278 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1078928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Liang guang Small-spotted pig is a well-known Chinese indigenous pig that is valued for its exceptional meat quality. However, the Liang guang Small-spotted pig has a lower semen storage capacity, shorter storage time and worse semen quality compared to Duroc. Pig sperm used for artificial insemination (AI) loses part of vitality and quality when being stored in commercial solutions. Serious vitality losses and short shelf life of the semen are particularly prominent in Liang guang Small-spotted pig. In this study, the metabolites in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of Duroc and Liang guang Small-spotted pigs were identified using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology. The findings indicated forty distinct metabolites concentrating on energy metabolic substrates and antioxidant capacity in Liang guang Small-spotted pig and Duroc seminal plasma, including D-Fructose, succinate, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-gluconate, alanine betaine, citrate, carnitine, acetylcarnitine and so on. Seventeen different metabolites were explored, with a focus on glycerophospholipid metabolism in Liang guang Small-spotted pig and Duroc spermatozoa, primarily including glycerol 3-phosphate, acetylcarnitine, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 16:0/16:0, palmitoyl sphingomyelin, acetylcholine, choline, glycerophosphocholine, betaine, L-carnitine, creatinine and others. This study reveals the metabolite profile of spermatozoa and seminal plasma among different pig breeds and might be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that lead to sperm storage capacity. Metabolites involved in energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity and glycerophospholipid metabolism might be key to the poor sperm storage capacity in Liang guang Small-spotted pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jingshuai Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebiao Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiali Qin
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Guangdong YIHAO Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yunxiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China,Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China,*Correspondence: Yunxiang Zhao ✉
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14
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Targeting APLN/APJ restores blood-testis barrier and improves spermatogenesis in murine and human diabetic models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7335. [PMID: 36443325 PMCID: PMC9705293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases presenting with systemic pathologies, including reproductive disorders in male diabetic patients. However, the molecular mechanisms that contributing to spermatogenesis dysfunction in diabetic patients have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we perform STRT-seq to examine the transcriptome of diabetic patients' testes at single-cell resolution including all major cell types of the testis. Intriguingly, whereas spermatogenesis appears largely preserved, the gene expression profiles of Sertoli cells and the blood-testis barrier (BTB) structure are dramatically impaired. Among these deregulate pathways, the Apelin (APLN) peptide/Apelin-receptor (APJ) axis is hyper-activated in diabetic patients' testes. Mechanistically, APLN is produced locally by Sertoli cells upon high glucose treatment, which subsequently suppress the production of carnitine and repress the expression of cell adhesion genes in Sertoli cells. Together, these effects culminate in BTB structural dysfunction. Finally, using the small molecule APLN receptor antagonist, ML221, we show that blocking APLN/APJ significantly ameliorate the BTB damage and, importantly, improve functional spermatogenesis in diabetic db/db mice. We also translate and validate these findings in cultured human testes. Our findings identify the APLN/APJ axis as a promising therapeutic target to improve reproduction capacity in male diabetic patients.
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Koohpeyma F, Gholizadeh F, Hafezi H, Hajiaghayi M, Siri M, Allahyari S, Maleki MH, Asmarian N, Bayat E, Dastghaib S. The protective effect of L-carnitine on testosterone synthesis pathway, and spermatogenesis in monosodium glutamate-induced rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 36229797 PMCID: PMC9563446 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food ingredient that is increasingly used commercially. MSG leads to oxidative stress, consequently suppressing steroid hormone production that causes defects in male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant on testicular damage in MSG-induced male rats. Methods Sixty adult male Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten as follows: control (water), sham (normal saline), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w), MSG (3 g/kg b.w), MSG + L-carnitine 100 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 100 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine), and MSG + L-carnitine 200 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 200 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine). The treatment was administered by oral gavage for six months. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), LH, FSH, testosterone, and mRNA expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 genes, and histological and stereological changes were assessed. Results L-carnitine led to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and a significant rise in the serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, and mRNA expression of Star and Cyp11a1 compared to the MSG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stereological results indicated a significant increment in the number of sexual lineage cells, the total volume of the testis, length, diameter, and volume of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, sperm count, and sperm motility (p < 0.05) in MSG + L-carnitine 200 compare to MSG group. Conclusion The study’s findings demonstrated that L-carnitine due to its anti-oxidant properties, ameliorated the reproductive abnormalities in the male rats exposed to MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Koohpeyma
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholizadeh
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hannaneh Hafezi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehri Hajiaghayi
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Morvarid Siri
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Bayat
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Gou C, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Wang K, Chen C, Chen B, Pan N, He X. Studies on improving semen quality and increasing pregnancy chances through the in vitro addition of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 to semen in patients with asthenozoospermia. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:17. [PMID: 36192679 PMCID: PMC9531415 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, L-carnitine (LC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as used clinically to treat male infertility caused by asthenozoospermia (ASZ) is still mainly administered orally, but some patients with ASZ still show no significant improvement in sperm motility and spouse pregnancy rate. Prodom is a device used to assist reproduction, which is temporarily fitted onto the penis to facilitate conception by helping the wife inject a certain drug into the vagina. This study used Prodom-assisted LC/CoQ10 in the treatment of patients with ASZ and evaluated the effect of this method on sperm motility and clinical pregnancy, with the goal of finding a comfortable, low-cost, effective method. Results During the trial period, 232 cases completed the trial, while 25 cases did not. During in vitro testing, the progressive sperm motility in the LC group, CoQ10 group, LC combined with CoQ10 group, and the semen blank control group was 24.3 ± 4.6% and 38.1 ± 5.1%, 23.0 ± 4.8% and 36.9 ± 4.4%, 28.4 ± 5.0% and 43.8 ± 5.4%, 19.7 ± 4.4% and 26.0 ± 4.9%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in progressive sperm motility among the groups (all P values < 0.05). The pregnancy rates of the Prodom-assisted LC treatment group, Prodom-assisted CoQ10 treatment group, Prodom-assisted LC combined with CoQ10 treatment group, and oral LC combined with CoQ10 treatment group in the clinical treatment stage were 38.2, 35.4, 57.1, and 30.3%, respectively; the time to conception was 6.1 ± 1.8, 6.2 ± 1.8, 3.4 ± 0.9, and 7.9 ± 2.0, months respectively; and the treatment costs were $2350 ± 457, $2455 ± 434, $1348 ± 411, and $2684 ± 334, respectively. The differences in pregnancy rate, time to conception, and treatment costs among the groups were statistically significant (all P values < 0.05). Conclusions The supplementation of in vitro semen with LC/CoQ10 can improve sperm motility. LC/CoQ10 injected into the spouse’s vagina with the assistance of a Prodom can increase the pregnancy rate, shorten the time to conception, and reduce the cost of treatment in patients with ASZ. Trial registration ChiCTR2000040349 (registry: http://www.chictr.org.cn/). Date of registration: November 28, 2020.
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17
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Hafezi H, Vahdati A, Forouzanfar M, Shariatic M. Ameliorate effects of resveratrol and l-carnitine on the testicular tissue and sex hormones level in busulfan induced azoospermia rats. Theriogenology 2022; 191:47-53. [PMID: 35964476 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Busulfan (Bus), is an alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapy which has been proven to possess toxic side effects on testicles. This study was carried out to compare the probable treatment effects of resveratrol (Res) or/and l-carnitine (Lca), as strong antioxidants, on the testicular tissue as well as on the level of sex hormones in busulfan-induced azoospermic rat models. A total of 78 adult male rats, were divided into six different experimental groups including: 1) Control; 2) Lca + Res; 3) BUS; 4) Bus + Lca; 5) BUS + Res and 6) Bus + Lca + Res. Busulfan was intraperitoneally administered in a single dose (10 mg/kg b.w), while resveratrol (20 mg/kg b.w/day) and l-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w/day) were orally administered by gavage during 48 consecutive days to the rats. At the end of the experiment in all groups the level of LH, FSH, and testosterone were biochemically analyzed by ELISA and the testicular tissue evaluated histologically using stereological technique. Results showed that Lca or/and Res, increased the body and testis weight, the volume of the testis, interstitial tissue, germinal epithelium, and seminiferous tubule, the number of the different cells of germinal epithelium and the level of testosterone. On the other hand, Lca, Res and their combination decreased the concentration of LH and FSH compared to the group treated with Bus. In conclusion, these results suggested that l-carnitine or/and resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated busulfan -induced changes of the rat reproductive system led to the recovery of both testis and sperm parameters. However, co-administration of L-ca and Res was more effective than their individual treatment. This combination may alleviate the side effects of alkylating drugs, such as busulfan and may be beneficial for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hananeh Hafezi
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran; Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Shariatic
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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18
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Balogun KB, Lu N, Orlando U, Torborg H, Kleve-Feld M, Denton A, Holstine A, Stewart KR. Effects of dietary carnitine supplementation on semen output and quality of boars. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac143. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that performs the functions of increasing energy production as well as acting as an antioxidant for sperm cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the inclusion of carnitine in boar diets on semen output and quality. Sixty-four purebred and hybrid boars at a commercial boar stud were blocked by age and semen quality and randomly allotted to receive a daily 30 g top-dress of either soybean meal (CON) or soybean meal and 625 mg of L-Carnitine (CARN). Supplementation lasted for 12 weeks from May to July 2021 during which weekly semen collection was performed. Semen was evaluated in the stud for concentration and motility parameters using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Samples were shipped to Purdue University for detailed morphology, viability, and CASA analysis performed in samples stored at 17 °C for 5 days. PROC Mixed (SAS v 9.4) was used to analyze data, with boar nested within treatment used in repeated measures analysis. Semen quality estimates from the week before supplementation were used as covariates in the statistical model. Tukey–Kramer adjustment was used for means separation. Carnitine supplementation had no effects on total sperm produced (P = 0.35). Percentage of motile sperm cells (P = 0.63), morphologically normal sperm (P = 0.42), viable sperm (P = 0.43), or sperm with normal acrosomes (P = 0.61) in the ejaculates were not different among treatments. Sperm kinematics in CARN ejaculates tended to have greater straight-line velocity and distance (P = 0.06 and P = 0.07, respectively). There were several interactions of treatment and day of storage for the kinematic parameters. However, these interactions do not show observable trends for CARN to improve or depress sperm function. Overall, the inclusion of 625 mg/d of carnitine in the diet of boars for 12 weeks had no effects on sperm output or quality with minor changes to sperm cell kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Balogun
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, 47907 IN , USA
| | - N Lu
- Genus PIC , Hendersonville, 37075 TN , USA
| | - U Orlando
- Genus PIC , Hendersonville, 37075 TN , USA
| | - H Torborg
- Kaesler Nutrition , Zeppelinstrasse 3, 27472 Cuxhaven , Germany
| | | | - A Denton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, 47907 IN , USA
| | - A Holstine
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, 47907 IN , USA
| | - K R Stewart
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, 47907 IN , USA
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Zhao Q, Wu ZE, Li B, Li F. Recent advances in metabolism and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Grison S, Legendre A, Svilar L, Elie C, Kereselidze D, Gloaguen C, Lestaevel P, Martin JC, Souidi M. Multigenerational Exposure to Uranium Changes Sperm Metabolome in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8349. [PMID: 35955476 PMCID: PMC9369047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a major public health issue that can be induced by a host of lifestyle risk factors such as environment, nutrition, smoking, stress, and endocrine disruptors. Regarding the human population exposed to uranium, it is necessary to explore these effects on male reproduction in multigenerational studies. The sensitivity of mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods has already proved to be extremely useful in metabolite identification in rats exposed to low doses of uranium, but also in human sperm. We applied this method to rat sperm over three generations (F0, F1 and F2) with multigenerational uranium exposure. Our results show a significant content of uranium in generation F0, and a reduction in the pregnancy rate only in generation F1. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), we observed discriminant profiles between generations. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the 48 annotated variables confirmed that parental exposure of generation F0 (during both the preconceptional and prenatal periods) can have metabolic effects on spermatozoa for the next two generations. Metabolomics applied to epididymal spermatozoa is a novel approach to detecting the multigenerational effects of uranium in an experimental model, but could be also recommended to identify potential biomarkers evaluating the impact of uranium on sperm in exposed infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Audrey Legendre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- C2VN, CRIBIOM, Aix Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, BIOMET, Aix Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.L.); (C.E.); (D.K.); (C.G.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
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Juanpanich T, Suttirojpattana T, Parnpai R, Vutyavanich T. The relationship between reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation, and sperm parameters in human sperm using simplified sucrose vitrification with or without triple antioxidant supplementation. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2022; 49:117-126. [PMID: 35698774 PMCID: PMC9184879 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2021.05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined whether the addition of triple antioxidants (3A)—10 µM acetyl-L-carnitine, 10 µM N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and 5 µM α-lipoic acid—in freezing-thawing medium during human sperm cryopreservation using the sucrose vitrification (SuV) and liquid nitrogen vapor (Vapor) techniques could improve post-thaw survival of spermatozoa. Methods We analyzed 30 samples from healthy human sperm donors. Each sample was allocated into one of five groups: fresh control, SuV, SuV+3A, Vapor, and Vapor+3A. The sperm motility, morphology, viability, intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) were evaluated. Results The cryopreserved spermatozoa had significantly reduced percentages of motility (p<0.05) and viability (p<0.05). Antioxidant supplementation non-significantly improved these parameters (p>0.05). No significant differences were found in sperm morphology between the fresh and frozen-thawed groups (p>0.05). After freezing, the extracellular ROS levels in the frozen-thawed groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the fresh group. However, we did not find any differences in intracellular ROS parameters among these groups (p>0.05). The SDF was higher in the SuV and Vapor groups than in the fresh group, but without statistical significance (p=0.075 and p=0.077, respectively). Conclusion Cryopreservation had detrimental effects on sperm motility, viability, and extracellular ROS levels, without changing the morphology or intracellular ROS levels. Antioxidant supplementation was slightly effective in preventing SDF in frozen-thawed spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Teraporn Vutyavanich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Corresponding author: Teraporn Vutyavanich Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Tel: +66-53-21-7204 Fax: +66-53-21-7205 E-mail:
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Effect of Paternal Diet on Spermatogenesis and Offspring Health: Focus on Epigenetics and Interventions with Food Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102150. [PMID: 35631291 PMCID: PMC9143121 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a growing public health problem. Consumption of antioxidant bioactive food compounds (BFCs) that include micronutrients and non-nutrients has been highlighted as a potential strategy to protect against oxidative and inflammatory damage in the male reproductive system induced by obesity, alcohol, and toxicants and, thus, improve spermatogenesis and the fertility parameters. Paternal consumption of such dietary compounds could not only benefit the fathers but their offspring as well. Studies in the new field of paternal origins of health and disease show that paternal malnutrition can alter sperm epigenome, and this can alter fetal development and program an increased risk of metabolic diseases and breast cancer in adulthood. BFCs, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, carnitines, N-acetylcysteine, and coenzyme Q10, have been shown to improve male gametogenesis, modulate epigenetics of germ cells, and the epigenetic signature of the offspring, restoring offspring metabolic health induced by stressors during early life. This indicates that, from a father’s perspective, preconception is a valuable window of opportunity to start potential nutritional interventions with these BFCs to maximize sperm epigenetic integrity and promote adequate fetal growth and development, thus preventing chronic disease in adulthood.
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Abdelnour SA, Hassan MA, El‐Ratel IT, Essawi WM, El‐Raghi AA, Lu Y, Sheiha AM. Effect of addition of L‐carnitine to cryopreservation extender on rabbit post‐thaw semen parameters, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and ultrastructure changes. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:902-911. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Abdelnour
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources College of Animal Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning China
- Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A.E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) Agriculture Research Centre Ministry of Agriculture Dokki Giza 12619 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T. El‐Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production Faculty of Agriculture Damietta University Damietta 34517 Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Essawi
- Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Ali Ali El‐Raghi
- Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Damietta University Damietta 34517 Egypt
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources College of Animal Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Asmaa M. Sheiha
- Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
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Age-Related Decline of Male Fertility: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Antioxidant Interventions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050519. [PMID: 35631346 PMCID: PMC9143644 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are structurally and functionally unique organelles in male gametes. Apparently, as the only organelles remaining in mature sperm, mitochondria not only produce adeno-sine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support sperm mobility, but also play key roles in regulating reactive oxidation species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is often associated with the aging process. Age-dependent alterations of the epididymis can cause alterations in sperm mitochondrial functioning. The resultant cellular defects in sperm have been implicated in male infertility. Among these, oxidative stress (OS) due to the overproduction of ROS in mitochondria may represent one of the major causes of these disorders. Excessive ROS can trigger DNA damage, disturb calcium homeostasis, impair OXPHOS, disrupt the integrity of the sperm lipid membrane, and induce apoptosis. Given these facts, scavenging ROS by antioxidants hold great potential in terms of finding promising therapeutic strategies to treat male infertility. Here, we summarize the progress made in understanding mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, and male infertility. The clinical potential of antioxidant interventions was also discussed.
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De Leo V, Tosti C, Morgante G, Ponchia R, Luddi A, Governini L, Piomboni P. Positive Effect of a New Combination of Antioxidants and Natural Hormone Stimulants for the Treatment of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071991. [PMID: 35407599 PMCID: PMC8999819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) accounts for about 90% of male infertility; in many cases this disorder may be associated with oxidative stress, a condition that decreases the success of fertilization. Therefore, the empirical treatment of male infertility is often based on the use of antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of three months’ administration of a new nutraceutical preparation on hormone profile, sperm parameters and fertilization capability in men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 36 OAT patients were daily treated for 3 months with a dose of a formulation containing: Inositol, L-Carnitine, Vitamins C, D, E, Coenzyme Q10 and Selenium. Selected parameters were analysed before (T0) and after (T1) treatment, and IVF outcomes were evaluated. We observed an improvement of sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality; blood level of testosterone also showed an increase. A significant increase of fertilization rate was detected in 14 couples, whose male partner were treated with the nutraceutical preparation. The present results indicate that a formulation containing antioxidant and energy supply substances was effective in the treatment of sperm alterations and led to significant recovery of fertilizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Tosti
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Morgante
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Rosetta Ponchia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-0577-233521 (A.L.); +39-0577-586810 (L.G.)
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-0577-233521 (A.L.); +39-0577-586810 (L.G.)
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.D.L.); (G.M.); (R.P.); (P.P.)
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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Virmani MA, Cirulli M. The Role of l-Carnitine in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052717. [PMID: 35269860 PMCID: PMC8910660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria control cellular fate by various mechanisms and are key drivers of cellular metabolism. Although the main function of mitochondria is energy production, they are also involved in cellular detoxification, cellular stabilization, as well as control of ketogenesis and glucogenesis. Conditions like neurodegenerative disease, insulin resistance, endocrine imbalances, liver and kidney disease are intimately linked to metabolic disorders or inflexibility and to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to a relative lack of micronutrients and substrates is implicated in the development of many chronic diseases. l-carnitine is one of the key nutrients for proper mitochondrial function and is notable for its role in fatty acid oxidation. l-carnitine also plays a major part in protecting cellular membranes, preventing fatty acid accumulation, modulating ketogenesis and glucogenesis and in the elimination of toxic metabolites. l-carnitine deficiency has been observed in many diseases including organic acidurias, inborn errors of metabolism, endocrine imbalances, liver and kidney disease. The protective effects of micronutrients targeting mitochondria hold considerable promise for the management of age and metabolic related diseases. Preventing nutrient deficiencies like l-carnitine can be beneficial in maintaining metabolic flexibility via the optimization of mitochondrial function. This paper reviews the critical role of l-carnitine in mitochondrial function, metabolic flexibility and in other pathophysiological cellular mechanisms.
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Han H, Zhong R, Zhou Y, Xiong B, Chen L, Jiang Y, Liu L, Sun H, Tan J, Tao F, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Hydroxytyrosol Benefits Boar Semen Quality via Improving Gut Microbiota and Blood Metabolome. Front Nutr 2022; 8:815922. [PMID: 35111800 PMCID: PMC8802763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.815922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen quality is one of the most important factors for the success of artificial insemination which has been widely applied in swine industry to take the advantages of the superior genetic background and higher fertility capability of boars. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol, has attracted broad interest due to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Sperm plasma membrane contains a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids which is easily impaired by oxidative stress and thus to diminish semen quality. In current investigation, we aimed to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of HT on boar semen quality and the underlying mechanisms. Dietary supplementation of HT tended to increase sperm motility and semen volume/ejaculation. And the follow-up 2 months (without HT, just basal diet), the semen volume was significantly more while the abnormal sperm was less in HT group than that in control group. HT increased the “beneficial microbes” Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Intestinimonas, Coprococcus, and Butyricicoccus, however, decreased the relative abundance of “harmful microbes” Streptococcus, Oscillibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Escherichia, Phascolarctobacterium, and Barnesiella. Furthermore, HT increased plamsa steroid hormones such as testosterone and its derivatives, and antioxidant molecules while decreased bile acids and the derivatives. All the data suggest that HT improves gut microbiota to benefit plasma metabolites then to enhance spermatogenesis and semen quality. HT may be used as dietary additive to enhance boar semen quality in swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yexun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bohui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Jiajian Tan
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Fuping Tao
- Hangzhou Viablife Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhao ;
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hongfu Zhang
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Infertility: Role of Antioxidants in Cellular Defense Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:275-309. [PMID: 36472828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is linked to several environmental and mutagenic factors. Most of these factors, i.e., lifestyle, radiations, and chemical contaminations, work on the fundamental principles of physics, chemistry, and biology. Principally, it may induce oxidative stress (OS) and produce free radicals within the cells. The negative effect of OS may enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in male reproductive organs and impair basic functions in a couple's fertility. Evidence suggests that infertile men have significantly increased ROS levels and a reduced antioxidant capacity compared with fertile men. Although, basic spermatic function and fertilizing capacity depend on a delicate balance between physiological activity of ROS and antioxidants to protect from cellular oxidative injury in sperm, that is essential to achieve pregnancy. The ideal oxidation-reduction (REDOX) equilibrium requires a maintenance of a range of ROS concentrations and modulation of antioxidants. For this reason, the chapter focuses on the effects of ROS in sperm functions and the current concepts regarding the benefits of medical management in men with diminished fertility and amelioration of the effect to improve sperm function. Also, this evidence-based study suggests an increasing rate of infertility that poses a global challenge for human health, urging the need of health care professionals to offer a correct diagnosis, comprehension of the process, and an individualized management of the patients.
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Khedr NF, Werida R. l-carnitine modulates autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammation in trazodone induced testicular toxicity. Life Sci 2021; 290:120025. [PMID: 34637798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trazadone is an antidepressant and may affect reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis. l-carnitine is an amino acid that exhibits antioxidant actions. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of l-carnitine against trazadone-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the possible underlying mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy. METHODS thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 8). Testicular damage was induced by oral administration of Trazadone (TRZ, 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for four weeks (TRZ group). l-carnitine (LC, 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for four weeks (LC group). LC + TRZ group administered the same doses of LC and TRZ concomitantly. The control group received distilled water (as vehicle). RESULTS the protective treatment with LC attenuated the decline of sperm count and motility resulted from trazadone administration. Moreover, LC ameliorated trazadone increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduction of total thiol and catalase activity. LC modulated the elevation in tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and increased the expression of autophagy related genes Becline-1, ATG 5, ATG-12 in rat testes. Serum level of FSH, LH and total testosterone were increased significantly (p < 0.001) in LC + TRZ group. Histopathological findings further supported the protective effects of LC against trazadone -induced testicular injury by increasing free sperms within the lumen of spermatogenic cells and improving testicular degeneration. CONCLUSION These findings supported the protective effects of l-carnitine on rat testes due to suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and enhancing autophagy. l-carnitine may be recommended as adjuvant therapy to trazadone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Werida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice Department, Damanhur University, El- Bahiara, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Zhang R, Pan W, Xu Z, Yang H, Luo Q, Ye X, Cheng X. Effects of L-carnitine combined with pancreatic kininogenase on thioredoxin 2, thioredoxin reductase 1, and sperm quality in patients with oligoasthenospermia. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3515-3523. [PMID: 34532275 PMCID: PMC8421838 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the effects of L-carnitine (LC) combined with pancreatic kininogenase on thioredoxin 2 (Trx 2), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR 1), and sperm quality in patients with oligoasthenospermia. Methods A total of 300 male infertility patients with oligoasthenospermia who were treated in the andrology clinic of our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into an LC group and combined treatment group, and 50 males with normal semen were selected as a control group. The computer-assisted semen analysis system (CASA) was used to detect the total number, vitality, and forward motility of the sperm before and after treatment, and sperm morphology was detected by the Diff-Quik method of the sperm staining kit. Sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) method was used to detect sperm DNA fragments, and Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of Trx 2 and TrxR 1. Results There were no significant differences in sperm density, motility rate, forward motile sperm rate, and DNA fragmentation rate in oligoasthenospermia patients before treatment (P>0.05). However, after 1 month of treatment, the sperm density, motility rate, and forward motile sperm rate were all higher than before treatment (P<0.05), while the DNA fragmentation rate was lower than before treatment. At the same time, each index of semen in the combination group was higher than that in the LC group (P<0.05), and the total effective rate in the combination group was significantly higher than in the LC group (P<0.01). The expression of Trx2 protein in oligoasthenospermia patients was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of TrxR1 protein was significantly decreased (P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the expression of Trx2 protein was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of TrxR1 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions The results suggest Trx 2 and TrxR 1 may be candidate protein markers for oligoasthenospermia. LC combined with pancreatic kininogenase in the treatment of male oligoasthenospermia can effectively promote sperm maturation, enhance sperm motility, and improve semen quality, which has high application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Department of reproductive center, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Xiping Ye
- Department of Reproduction laboratory, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Xianfeng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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Zvyagina VI, Belskikh ES. [Carnitine chloride reduces the severity of experimental hyperhomocysteinemia and promotes lactate utilization by mitochondrial fraction of the rat epididymis]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:338-346. [PMID: 34414892 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216704338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for many diseases, including reproductive disorders in men. L-carnitine is used in medical practice to correct impaired bioenergetic conditions; in patients with idiopathic forms of infertility its effects are associated with improvement of the sperm parameters. However, the effect of exogenous L-carnitine on the level of homocysteine in the gonadal tissues, as a risk factor for impaired fertility, has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to investigate activity of bioenergetic enzymes in the epididymal mitochondrial fraction, the dynamics of changes in the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial lactate levels and LDH activity, the total carnitine content, as well as the oxidative status of these cells under conditions of oxidative stress caused by hyperhomocysteinemia, and to assess the effect of carnitine chloride on these parameters under conditions of methionine administration to male Wistar rats. Methionine administration to animals for three weeks at a dose of 3 g/kg, resulted in development of the severe forms of hyperhomocysteinemia with serum homocysteine concentrations exceeding 100 μmol/L. This was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of enzymes involved in the bioenergetic processes of the cell: tissue respiration (succinate dehydrogenase) and oxidative phosphorylation (H+-ATPase) in the epididymal head and tail. The change in lactate metabolism included an increase in its level in both the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of the epididymal head and mitochondria of the epididymal tail, and also simultaneous statistically significant decrease in LDH activity in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of the epididymal head. In male rats with severe hyperhomocysteinemia, an increase in the activity of mitochondrial SOD accompanied by an increase in the carbonylation of mitochondrial proteins in the head and tail of the epididymis was noted. Modeling of hyperhomocysteinemia under conditions of carnitine chloride of administration led to different reactions of the cells of the studied tissues assayed in the epididymal head and tail homogenate. In the epididymal head, carnitine chloride promoted an increase in the mitochondrial lactate concentration and a decrease in the cytoplasmic lactate concentration, as well as an increase in the LDH activity associated with the mitochondrial fraction. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the activity of H+-ATPase in the epididymal, thus suggesting that carnitine chloride stimulated lactate transport of into the mitochondria and its use as an energy substrate under conditions of oxidative stress caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. In the tail tissues, the changes were protective in nature and were associated with a decrease in the formation of oxidatively modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Zvyagina
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - E S Belskikh
- Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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32
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Xu J, Zhang X, Sun X, Lv Q, Zhang Y. Red-Fleshed Apple Anthocyanin Extracts Attenuate Male Reproductive System Dysfunction Caused by Busulfan in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:632483. [PMID: 34249984 PMCID: PMC8268157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.632483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we analyzed the effect of an intragastrical oral administration of red-fleshed apple anthocyanin extract (RAAE) on busulfan-treated mice. First, we showed that the most abundant component in RAAE was cyanidin 3-O-galactoside. To determine the effect of the RAAE, the mice were divided into control and four other different concentrations of RAAE feeding treatment groups (BA0, no RAAE; BA.1, 0.1 mg/kg; BA1, 1 mg/kg; and BA5, 5 mg/kg) following busulfan injection. We observed that RAAE treatments displayed ameliorative effects on male reproductive system dysfunction caused by busulfan, such as recovering the irregular arrangements of seminiferous tubules, increasing the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, improving sperm concentration by 3-fold in BA.1, and improving sperm motility by 2-fold in BA1. The liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed significant up- or downregulation of certain metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), L-arginine, glycine, anandamide, and L-carnitine, which could contribute to the positive effects of RAAE, especially in PBA1 (plasma of BA1) and PBA5 (plasma of BA5). Taken together, the results indicate that 1 mg/kg of RAAE is a suitable concentration for rescuing spermatogenesis in mice. The research suggests that RAAE could be a potential nutraceutical for protecting spermatogenesis after busulfan therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Xu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Yao R, Hu Y, Liu P, Lian S, Lv H, Xu B, Li S. Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:231-243. [PMID: 34159254 PMCID: PMC8209504 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-231-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn poultry in cold regions often suffer from cold stress,
causing a series of changes in their physiology and metabolism, leading to
slow growth and decreased production performance. However, a single
anti-stress substance cannot completely or maximally eliminate or alleviate
the various effects of cold stress on animals. Therefore, the effects of the
supplemented glutamine and L-carnitine on broilers under low temperature
were evaluated in this study. Broilers were randomly allocated into 16
groups which were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and
L-carnitine according to the L16 (45) orthogonal experimental
design for 3 weeks (the first week is the adaptive feeding period; the
second and third weeks are the cold exposure period). Growth performance
was recorded, and blood samples were collected during cold exposure. The
results showed the supplementation had altered the plasma parameters, growth
performance and cold-induced oxidative stress. The increase of
corticosterone and suppression of thyroid hormone was ameliorated.
Supplemented groups had lower daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio, higher
daily weight gain and better relative weights of immune organs. Plasma
glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase
changed as well. Oxidative stress was mollified due to the improved
activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, heightened
total antioxidant capacity and stable malondialdehyde. Dietary glutamine and
L-carnitine improve the growth performance, nutritional status and cold
stress response of broilers at low temperature, and their interaction
occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yuying Yang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yajie Hu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shuai Lian
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Hongming Lv
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
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Cao D, Shen Y, Huang Y, Chen B, Chen Z, Ai J, Liu L, Yang L, Wei Q. Levofloxacin Versus Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence-Based Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658095. [PMID: 33897441 PMCID: PMC8060646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections acquired both in community and hospital. Fluoroquinolones, represented by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, are widely used for treatment of UTIs. However, it remains controversial for the comparison between the 2 drugs, which propelled us to conduct the first evidence-based research on this topic. To establish their relative efficacy and safety, we searched Pubmed, embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for UTIs. A total of 5 RCTs were finally included, involving 2,352 patients and a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the end-of-therapy and posttherapy clinical success rate, microbial eradication rate and adverse event rate. Jadad score and Review Manager 5.3.0 version were applied respectively to evaluate the study quality and heterogeneity. There was no significant difference between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin group in end-of-therapy or posttherapy clinical success rate and microbial eradication rate (p > 0.05). As for adverse event rate, the 2 drugs were comparable and both safe for clinical use. Based on one included trial and pharmacological research, we raised hypothesis that levofloxacin was superior to ciprofloxacin for treatment of E. coli-induced chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and it required a further study to prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinzhi Shen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bazzano M, Laus F, Spaterna A, Marchegiani A. Use of nutraceuticals in the stallion: Effects on semen quality and preservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:951-957. [PMID: 33772909 PMCID: PMC8360198 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are widely used in the equine industry with the aim of improving horse health, sports or reproductive performances. Over the years, a number of studies have focused on investigating the effects of several dietary compounds on the quality and preservation of stallion semen. This paper reviews the literature available on the use of nutritional supplementation for the improvement of reproductive performance and semen quality in equine species, critically appraising the benefits and negative effects of several compounds found in complementary feeds such as PUFAs from different sources, vitamins and antioxidants, carnitine and botanical extracts. Different nutraceuticals have been highlighted to improve stallion fertility by providing optimal levels of antioxidants, with the most promising results obtained by the combination of PUFAs and antioxidants that resulted to be essential for the maintenance of normal reproductive functions and the reduction of cryodamage in cooled and frozen equine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
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Relationships between Seminal Plasma Metabolites, Semen Characteristics and Sperm Kinetics in Donkey ( Equus asinus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010201. [PMID: 33467749 PMCID: PMC7830036 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A deeper knowledge of reproductive biology may be helpful in the donkey to avoid the risk of extinction that some breeds are facing. The evaluation of metabolites in seminal plasma provides crucial information for the knowledge of donkey sperm metabolism, for obtaining comparative information with other species, as well as for providing useful elements for the formulation of extenders for sperm dilution and conservation. Moreover, correlations of seminal metabolites with sperm kinetics highlight new possible markers of sperm quality. Using multivariate analysis, all metabolic, seminal, and spermatic data were merged in a single dot that grouped individual stallions within clusters in the Cartesian axes according to the different spermatic characteristics. This amount of information also allows to shed light on the effects of total or partial removal of seminal plasma for improving sperm preservation. The inclusion in the study of an azoospermic individual represents a further discriminating element in the analysis of sperm quality under physiological and pathological conditions. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate donkey seminal plasma metabolites and relate this information to the main characteristics of sperm quality. Sperm kinetics from 10 donkey stallions were analyzed with a computerized system at the time of collection (T0) and after 24 h storage at 4 °C (T24). Seminal plasma was frozen at −80 °C for subsequent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. On three stallions, semen collection was repeated monthly for three times and sperm analysis also included mitochondrial activity and oxidative status. One stallion was azoospermic and a second semen collection was performed after one month. In the seminal plasma, 17 metabolites were identified; their levels showed numerous significant variations between the azoospermic and the normospermic individuals and grouped in well-defined clusters in a multivariate analysis. Comparing individuals with high and low sperm motility, the only discriminating metabolite was phenylalanine, whose levels were lower in the latter, as in the azoospermic individual. Phenylalanine was also the only metabolite highly correlated with all sperm kinematic parameters at T24. In conclusion, the present study has provided relevant information on the chemical characteristics of donkey semen, identified relationships between seminal metabolites, semen parameters, and sperm kinetics, and offered insights for future technological applications.
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Vessey W, Saifi S, Sharma A, McDonald C, Almeida P, Figueiredo M, Minhas S, Virmani A, Dhillo WS, Ramsay JW, Jayasena CN. Baseline levels of seminal reactive oxygen species predict improvements in sperm function following antioxidant therapy in men with infertility. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:102-110. [PMID: 32895999 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sperm function is a major cause of infertility. There is no drug therapy to improve sperm function. Semen oxidative stress is a recently identified pathway for sperm damage. Commercial antioxidants such as L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine (LAL) are commonly self-administered by infertile men. However, concerns have been raised whether inappropriate LAL therapy causes reductive stress-mediated sperm damage. It is imperative to investigate whether: (1) LAL improves sperm function by reducing reactive oxidative species (ROS); (2) LAL has differential effects on sperm function between men with normal and elevated ROS. METHODS A prospective cohort study of routine clinical practice was performed in infertile men with abnormal sperm quality. Changes in sperm function and semen ROS levels following three months of oral LAL therapy were compared between participants with baseline seminal normal ROS (≤10RLU/SEC/106 sperm; n = 29) and High ROS (>10 RLU/SEC/106 sperm; n = 15) levels measured using an established colorimetric-luminol method. RESULTS In normal ROS group, sperm function did not change following LAL therapy. In high ROS group, LAL therapy reduced semen ROS fivefold, increased sperm count by 50% (mean count in mill/ml: 21.5 + 7.2, baseline; 32.6 + 9.5, post-treatment, P = .0005), and total and progressive sperm motility each by 30% (mean total sperm motility in % 29.8 + 5.0, baseline: 39.4 + 6.2, post-treatment, P = .004; mean progressive sperm motility in % 23.1 + 4.6, baseline: 30.0 + 5.5, post-treatment, P = .014 vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that LAL only improves sperm quality in infertile men who have baseline high-ROS levels prior to treatment. These data have important potential implications for couples with male infertility and their clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Vessey
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shaghayegh Saifi
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan W Ramsay
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Takeshima T, Usui K, Mori K, Asai T, Yasuda K, Kuroda S, Yumura Y. Oxidative stress and male infertility. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:41-52. [PMID: 33488282 PMCID: PMC7812476 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 30% and 80% of patients with male infertility produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their ejaculate even though the cause of male infertility is unexplained in approximately half of cases. The strong connection between oxidative stress (OS) and male infertility has led recent investigators to propose the term "Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI)" to describe OS-associated male infertility. METHODS We searched the PubMed database for original and review articles to survey the effects of OS on male infertility, and then verified the effects and treatments. MAIN FINDINGS Seminal plasma contains many antioxidants that protect sperm from ROS, because low amounts of ROS are required in the physiological fertilization process. The production of excessive ROS causes OS which can lower fertility through lipid peroxidation, sperm DNA damage, and apoptosis. Several assays are available for evaluating OS, including the MiOXSYS® analyzer to measure oxidation-reduction potential. Several measures should be considered for minimizing OS and improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Accurately diagnosing patients with MOSI and identifying highly sensitive biomarkers through proteomics technology is vital for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Takeshima
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Kimitsugu Usui
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Kohei Mori
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Takuo Asai
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Shinnosuke Kuroda
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
| | - Yasushi Yumura
- Department of Urology, Reproduction CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama cityJapan
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Khaw SC, Wong ZZ, Anderson R, Martins da Silva S. l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2020; 1:67-81. [PMID: 35128424 PMCID: PMC8812460 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen percent of couples are globally estimated to be infertile, with up to half of these cases attributed to male infertility. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) are known to damage sperm leading to impaired quantity and quality. Although not routinely assessed, oxidative stress is a common underlying pathology in infertile men. Antioxidants have been shown to improve semen analysis parameters by reducing ROS and facilitating repair of damage caused by oxidative stress, but it remains unclear whether they improve fertility. Carnitines are naturally occurring antioxidants in mammals and are normally abundant in the epididymal luminal fluid of men. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility. We searched ClinicalKey, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and ScienceDirect for relevant studies published from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2020. Of the articles retrieved, only eight randomised controlled trials were identified and included. Analysis showed that carnitines significantly improve total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and sperm morphology, but without effect on sperm concentration. There was no demonstrable effect on clinical pregnancy rate in the five studies that included that outcome, although patient numbers were limited. Therefore, the use of carnitines in male infertility appears to improve some sperm parameters but without evidence of an increase in the chance of natural conception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Zhe Wong
- International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Richard Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Martins da Silva
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Tsampoukas G, Dellis A, Katsouri A, Brown D, Deliveliotis K, Moussa M, Buchholz N, Papatsoris A. Role of total motile sperm count in the evaluation of young men with bilateral subclinical varicocele and asthenospermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92. [PMID: 33348969 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2020.4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In comparison to its clinical analogue, the subclinical varicocele represents a questionable entity and specific guidelines for the optimal management are lacking. In our previous study of patients with subclinical varicocele, we showed that bilateral condition is associated with risk of dyspermia. In the present study, we evaluated the risk of deterioration of semen quality in men with bilateral disease and impaired motility according to WHO criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men with bilateral subclinical varicocele, not desiring fatherhood at the time of presentation, were included in study. During initial evaluation, the number of Total Motile Sperm Count (TMSC) was calculated and the patients' age, total testicular volume (TTV), maximum venous size and mean resistive index (RI) of the intratesticular arteries were recorded. We classified the participants in five classes according to the TMSC reading: class A-: TMSC < 5 x 106, class A: TMSC between 5-10 x 106, class B: TMSC between 10-15 x 106, class C: TMSC between 15-20 x 106, and class D: TMSC > 20 x 106 per ejaculate. The participants were seen after 6 months for a repeat spermiogram and physical examination. If clinical varicocele was diagnosed or a new abnormality in the spermiogram was noted, the participants were excluded from the study. The remaining patients were allocated to two groups according to the repeat TMSC reading: patients sub-classified into a lower class (group 1), and patients remaining at the same class (group 2). A comparative analysis was performed between two groups. RESULTS Nineteen men were included. Nine patients were subclassified (group 1). Three patients moved to A- class (< 5 x 106). Ten patients remained in the same class having no deterioration (group 2). Comparing the two groups, no statistically significant difference was recognized for age, TTV, maximum venous size on both sides, and mean RI (p > 0.05). However, the initial reading for TMSC was 14.57 x 106 in group 1, and 22.84 x 106 in group 2, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, in a paired analysis there was a significant difference in TMSC after 6 months (p < 0.05), too. Summary Conclusions: Young men with bilateral varicocele and asthenospermia seem to be at risk of deterioration in their semen quality after a follow-up of 6 months. The measurement of TMSC can unmask patients at risk, whereas men with the lowest readings seem to be at highest risk for deterioration. The possibility of a worsening sperm quality should be considered in the appropriate clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London, UK; Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK; Department of Urology, Agios Andreas Hospital, Patras.
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London; Department of Urology, Aretaieion Academic Hospital, Athens.
| | | | - Dominic Brown
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow.
| | | | - Mohamad Moussa
- Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut.
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London.
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London; 2nd Department of Urology, University Hospital of Athens, Athens.
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Ezati D, Vardiyan R, Talebi AR, Anvari M, Pourentezari M. L-Carnitine reduces the negative effects of formalin on sperm parameters, chromatin condensation and apoptosis in mice: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:837-846. [PMID: 33134796 PMCID: PMC7569719 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i10.7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formalin is commonly applied as an antiseptic and tissue fixative. It has reactive molecules that lead to its cytotoxic effects. According to recent studies, formalin causes a change in the testicular and sperm structure and L-carnitine (LC) acts as an antioxidant to counteract its effects. Objective This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of LC on the parameters, chromatin condensation and apoptosis of mice sperm exposed to formalin. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 24 balb/c mice (25-40 gr,10-12 wk) were divided into three groups (n = 8/each): group I without any injections or gavage; group II, received 10 mg/ kg formalin intraperitoneally (I.P); and group III was exposed to formalin and LC, where a dose of 10 mg/kg formalin was injected I.P daily and LC the dose of 100 mg/kg was kept in a solvent solution. After 31 days, the sperm examination was performed as follows: to evaluate chromatin and DNA quality of the sperm, we applied aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), chromomycin A3 (CMA3), and terminal transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate biotin end labeling (TUNEL) tests. Results Sperm parameters such as count, motility, morphology, and viability displayed a significant decrease in the formalin group. While the data exhibited a considerable augment in sperm parameters in the formalin + LC than the formalin and control groups (p < 0.001), significant differences were detected between groups with respect to TB staining, TUNEL test, CMA3 test and AB staining in the formalin and formalin + LC groups. Conclusion LC can reduce the negative effects of formalin on sperm parameters, chromatin stability, and percentage of apoptosis in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Ezati
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reyhane Vardiyan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Talebi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Morteza Anvari
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Pourentezari
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Zhang Q, Fan L, Li F, Sun Z, Zhang C, Chen R. Yishentongluo decoction in treatment of idiopathic asthenozoospermia infertility: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22662. [PMID: 33120757 PMCID: PMC7581134 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive dilemma faced by men has always been the focus of the whole society. Idiopathic asthenozoospermia (AZS), as one of the common causes of male infertility, lack of specific treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown potential benefits in the management of male infertility. Yishentongluo decoction (YSTL) is a representative Chinese herbal formula; however, there is still no rigorous clinical trial supporting its application. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YSTL for patients with idiopathic AZS and explain the possible action mechanisms of YSTL in improving sperm motility. METHODS In this randomized controlled study, a total of 160 eligible patients will be assigned to YSTL group or the Levocarnitine oral solution group in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment period will be 12 weeks and the follow-up period will last 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be the the progressive (motility), sperm rate (%). Secondary outcomes will include the progressive (motility) + non-progressive (motility) sperm rate(%), total effective sperm count, inner mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in spermatozoa, and spouse pregnancy rate (%). Safety outcomes will cover electrocardiogram , blood tests (including blood routine test, hepatic function, and renal function), urine routine test, and stool routine test. The semen parameters, sperm MMP test, and all the safety outcomes will be performed at the baseline, 4th, 8th and 12th week. The pregnancy outcome will be evaluated at 4 weeks after treatment. DISCUSSION This study will provide initial evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of YSTL in the treatment of idiopathic AZS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis pattern. In addition, potential mechanisms of YSTL in improving sperm motility will be explored based on sperm MMP test. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trials Register identifier, ChiCTR2000033290, registered on 26 May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, P.R. China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, NO.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province
| | - Lipeng Fan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.6 Dong-feng Road
| | - Fangyuan Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, P.R. China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, NO.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province
| | - Zixue Sun
- Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO.156 Jin-shui-dong Road
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO.156 Jin-shui-dong Road
| | - Rubing Chen
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO.19 Ren-min Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
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Cannarella R, Maniscalchi ET, Condorelli RA, Scalia M, Guerri G, La Vignera S, Bertelli M, Calogero AE. Ultrastructural Sperm Flagellum Defects in a Patient With CCDC39 Compound Heterozygous Mutations and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia/ Situs Viscerum Inversus. Front Genet 2020; 11:974. [PMID: 33005176 PMCID: PMC7483550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by structural or functional motile cilia abnormalities. Up to 40 different genes seem, at the moment, to be involved in the pathogenesis of PCD. A number of ultrastructural defects have also been reported in sperm flagella, but the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) has never been described in these cases. Aim: The aim of this study was to report the sperm MMP and ultrastructural abnormalities of the sperm flagella found in a patient with PCD and situs inversus (Kartagener syndrome) and its characterization from the genetic point of view. Methods: Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analysis was used to evaluate flagella ultrastructure. The genetic testing was performed by next-generation sequencing. Sperm DNA fragmentation and MMP were also evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: We report here the case of an 18-year-old male patient with PCD and situs inversus and severe oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. TEM analysis of his spermatozoa showed an abnormal connecting piece. The mid piece appeared abnormally thickened, with cytoplasmic residue, dysplasia of fibrous sheath, loss of the outer dynein arms (ODAs), truncated inner dynein arms, and supernumerary outer fibers. The percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was normal, whereas a high percentage of spermatozoa had low MMP, suggesting an altered mitochondrial function. The genetic analysis showed the presence of c.610-2A > G, p.Arg811Cys compound heterozygous mutations in the CCDC39 gene. Conclusion: The case herein reported suggests that the high percentage of sperm with low MMP may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia in patients with Kartagener syndrome. In addition, we report, for the first time, the missense variant p.Arg811Cys in the CCDC39 gene in a patient with Kartagener syndrome. Although in silico analysis predicts its damaging potential, its clinical meaning remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Eugenio Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Tsampoukas G, Khan MF, Katsouri A, Akhter W, Moussa M, Deliveliotis K, Papatsoris A, Buchholz N. L-carnitine as primary or adjuvant treatment in infertile patients with varicocele. A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92. [PMID: 33016059 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2020.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele has been found to impair the function of the epididymis resulting in subfertility whereas the varicocelectomy can resolve the phenomenon. L-carnitine is regarded as a biomarker for the function of the epididymis and has been found in reduced concentrations in infertile patients of various causes, including infertile men with varicocele. It seems that Lcarnitine and varicocele share clinical significance and the area of research looks promising. OBJECTIVE To identify the role of L-carnitine in the treatment of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in Pubmed/Medline with the terms (L-carnitine) and (varicocele) and (L-carnitine) and (varicocelectomy). Inclusion criteria were studies reported outcomes of L-carnitine administration alone or in duet, as primary or adjuvant treatment to varicocele. Exclusion criteria were non-English language and animal studies. Studies using L-carnitine as part of a panel of therapeutic agents were avoided. RESULTS Only four suitable studies were identified for discussion. In one randomized study, the combination of L-carnitine and cinnoxicam improved semen parameters in patients with non-high-grade varicocele compared to L-carnitine alone and had a favourable effect on pregnancy rates but the effect of grade is unknown. In another study, as an adjuvant treatment to varicocelectomy, L-carnitine showed no clear benefit. Finally, in comparison to surgery, the results are inconclusive; two studies showed some benefit might be expected in low-grade or subclinical varicocele, but surgery appears superior. CONCLUSIONS The evidence regarding the role of L-carnitine as a primary or adjuvant treatment of varicocele is sparse. The pathophysiological significance of L-carnitine implicates a potential role of the molecule in the management of varicocele, but the evidence so far is controversial for any recommendations. L-carnitine might be taken into consideration in selected cases; however, further search is needed in order the optimal role of L-carnitine in infertile patients with varicocele to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsampoukas
- U-merge Ltd. (Urology for emerging countries), London; Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow.
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Dubeibe Marin DF, Nogueira da Costa N, di Paula Bessa Santana P, Baia de Souza E, Rolim Filho ST, da Silva Cordeiro M, Ohashi OM. Influence of l-carnitine on lipid metabolism of buffalo cumulus-oocyte complexes matured in either fetal bovine serum or fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. Theriogenology 2020; 158:382-390. [PMID: 33038824 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Consequences of oocyte supplementation with l-carnitine may vary depending on species-specific cellular lipid profile, level of mitochondrial activity, or even on ipid availability in culture medium. This study aimed to evaluate l-carnitine supplementation on competence and gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism in oocytes and cumulus cells from buffalo COCs matured in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). COCs were matured in vitro in FBS (10%) or bovine serum albumin fatty acid-free (BSA-FAF) (0.4%) and with or without supplementation with l-carnitine (3.03 mM). COCs matured in the presence of FBS or BSA-FAF were fertilized and cultured, then supplemented with l-carnitine during in vitro maturation or in vitro embryo culture. Finally, in vivo mature and immature COCs were included for gene expression analysis. COCs matured in culture medium with FBS in the presence of l-carnitine produced a lower blastocyst rate (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls. In turn, the blastocyst rate from COCs matured with BSA-FAF in the presence of l-carnitine was similar to controls (p > 0.05), and higher than FBS + L-carnitine treated COCs (p ≤ 0.05). Addition of l-carnitine during embryo culture showed no differences in blastocyst production between experimental groups and controls (p > 0.05). In cumulus cells, gene expression of ACACA, SCD and FASN was upregulated in COCs matured in the presence of BSA-FAF + L-carnitine, while all genes in oocytes were significantly expressed upregulated by COCs matured in vivo, and only BSA-FAF + L-carnitine group showed similar expression of the FASN gene. In conclusion, the consequences of l-carnitine supplementation during in vitro maturation of buffalo COCs on oocyte competence vary depending on presence or absence of FBS in culture. With FBS, l-carnitine impairs oocyte competence, while in its absence, gene expression suggests adequate lipid metabolism and increased oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Dubeibe Marin
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Nogueira da Costa
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Baia de Souza
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho
- Federal Rural University from Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia-UFRA), Belém, Pará, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Marcela da Silva Cordeiro
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology from Pará - (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará - IFPA), Ananindeua, Pará, 67140-709, Brazil
| | - Otavio Mitio Ohashi
- Biological Sciences Institute, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
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Li L, Hao X, Chen H, Wang L, Chen A, Song X, Hu Z, Su Y, Lin H, Fan P. Metabolomic characterization of semen from asthenozoospermic patients using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4897. [PMID: 32428267 PMCID: PMC7507193 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia (AS) is a common factor of male infertility, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential seminal plasma metabolic pattern in asthenozoospermic men and to identify potential biomarkers in relation to spermatogenic dysfunction using sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadruple time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The samples of seminal plasma from patients with AS (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) were checked and differentiated by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Compared with the control group, the AS group showed a total of nine significantly different metabolites, including increases in creatinine, uric acid, N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), uridine, and taurine and decreases in carnitine, nicotinamide, N-acetylputrescine and l-palmitoylcarnitine. By analyzing the correlation among these metabolites and clinical computer-assisted semen analysis reports, we found that m6 A is significantly correlated with not only the four decreased metabolites but also with sperm count, motility, and curvilinear velocity. Furthermore, nicotinamide was shown to correlate with other identified metabolites, indicating its important role in the metabolic pathway of AS. Current results implied that sensitive untargeted seminal plasma metabolomics could identify distinct metabolic patterns of AS and would help clinicians by offering novel cues for discovering the pathogenesis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xinrui Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Reproductive Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Reproductive Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Aolei Chen
- Reproductive Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaotian Song
- Reproductive Health Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ying Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Han Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pei Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedicsthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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Kopets R, Kuibida I, Chernyavska I, Cherepanyn V, Mazo R, Fedevych V, Gerasymov S. Dietary supplementation with a novel l-carnitine multi-micronutrient in idiopathic male subfertility involving oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia: A randomized clinical study. Andrology 2020; 8:1184-1193. [PMID: 32330373 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of a multi-component nutrient dietary supplement on sperm parameters and pregnancy rates in idiopathic male infertility (IMI) with oligo-, astheno-, and teratozoospermia. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, parallel arms (1:1 allocation ratio), multi-center clinical trial. SETTINGS Eight urology/reproductive health clinical centers located in Ukraine. PATIENTS Eighty-three males aged 21-50 years with IMI and at least 1 of 3 abnormal values: total sperm concentration < 15 million/ml or/and spermatozoa progressive motility < 32% or/and forms with normal morphology < 4%. INTERVENTION(S) Patients were randomly allocated verum test dietary supplement (TDS) containing l-carnitine/acetyl-l-carnitine, l-arginine, glutathione, co-enzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin B9 , vitamin B12 , selenium, or placebo 1 time daily for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME(S) The primary outcome measure was the percentage of normal spermiograms (concentration ≥ 15 million/ml and ≥ 32% of spermatozoa with progressive motility and ≥ 4% of normal forms) at month 0, 2, and 4. The percentage of pregnancies served the secondary outcome endpoint. Differences between the groups were assessed in z-test for proportions. RESULTS All males finished the study. At month 4, 29/42 (69.0%) males in the verum and 9/41 (22.0%) had normal spermiograms (P < .001). The percentage of spontaneous pregnancies in the verum group was greater than in the placebo group (10/42, 23.8% vs. 2/41, 4.9%, respectively, P = .017). There were no reportable supplement-associated adverse events. CONCLUSION Specific multi-nutrient combination l-carnitine/l-acetyl-carnitine, l-arginine, glutathione, co-enzyme-Q, zinc, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and selenium can improve sperm quality in males with IMI and increase pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Kuibida
- Precarpathian Center of Reproductive Health, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Roman Mazo
- Private Urologic Practice, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
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Okada FK, Stumpp T, Miraglia SM. Carnitine Diminishes Etoposide Toxic Action on Spermatogonial Self-renewal and Sperm Production in Adult Rats Treated in the Prepubertal Phase. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:327-342. [PMID: 32228279 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420916274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate carnitine action against negative effects of etoposide on stem/progenitor spermatogonia and on sperm production. Carnitine (250 mg/kg body weight/day) and etoposide (5 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered from 25-days postpartum to 32-days postpartum. Testes were collected at 32-days postpartum, 64-days postpartum, and 127-days postpartum, and submitted to the immuno-labeling of UTF1, SOX2, and PLZF proteins to identify undifferentiated spermatogonia populations. At 127-days postpartum, sperm were collected for analysis. Carnitine+etoposide group showed a higher numerical density of spermatogonia labeled for all studied proteins at 64-days postpartum (critical age) compared to the etoposide group. Moreover, there was an improvement of spermatic parameters and sperm DNA integrity in rats of the carnitine+etoposide group in comparison with rats of the etoposide group. The results suggest that carnitine improves the self-renewal of undifferentiated spermatogonia and promotes a partial protection on them, alleviating the etoposide harmful late effects and leading to an enhancement of the sperm parameters in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kazue Okada
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiza Stumpp
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Miraglia
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Arafa M, Agarwal A, Majzoub A, Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Henkel R, Elbardisi H. Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplementation on Conventional and Advanced Sperm Function Tests in Patients with Idiopathic Male Infertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E219. [PMID: 32155908 PMCID: PMC7139646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are used in the empirical treatment of infertile men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant therapy on conventional semen parameters and advanced sperm function tests in men seeking fertility treatment. A total of 148 infertile men of unknown etiology were divided into idiopathic (n = 119) and unexplained male infertility (UMI; n = 29). All participants were treated with the antioxidant supplement 'FH PRO for Men' for a period of three months. Compared with pretreatment results, there was a significant improvement in conventional semen parameters including sperm concentration, total and progressive motility and normal morphology, and seminal oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in idiopathic infertile men. The changes were more prominent in idiopathic infertile men positive for ORP and SDF. UMI patients showed an improvement in progressive motility, ORP, and SDF after antioxidant treatment. Statistical analysis revealed that the efficacy of FH PRO for Men was significant in idiopathic male infertility compared with UMI. Treatment of idiopathic male infertility patients with the FH PRO for Men antioxidant regimen for three months resulted in a significant improvement in conventional semen parameters and sperm function. Therefore, FH PRO for Men offers promise for the medical treatment of idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Arafa
- Male Infertility Unit, Urology Department, Hamad General Hospital, 00974 Doha, Qatar; (A.M.); (H.E.)
- Urology Department, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, 00974 Doha, Qatar
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
- Andrology Department, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Male Infertility Unit, Urology Department, Hamad General Hospital, 00974 Doha, Qatar; (A.M.); (H.E.)
- Urology Department, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, 00974 Doha, Qatar
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (M.K.P.S.); (S.B.); (R.H.)
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, South Africa
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- Male Infertility Unit, Urology Department, Hamad General Hospital, 00974 Doha, Qatar; (A.M.); (H.E.)
- Urology Department, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, 00974 Doha, Qatar
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50
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Yang K, Wang N, Guo HT, Wang JR, Sun HH, Sun LZ, Yue SL, Zhou JB. Effect of L-carnitine on sperm quality during liquid storage of boar semen. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1763-1769. [PMID: 32054191 PMCID: PMC7649068 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on the pig semen characteristics during storage. Methods Spermatozoa samples were examined for spermatozoa quality and then randomly divided into 5 groups: 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM L-carnitine. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and antioxidant parameters (total reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde) were evaluated after 0, 3, 5, and 10 day cooled-storage at 17°C. Moreover, ATP content, mitochondria activity as well as sperm-binding and in vitro fertilizing ability of preserved boar sperm were also investigated. Results Supplementation with 50 mM L-carnitine could effectively maintain boar sperm quality parameters such as sperm motility and membrane integrity. Besides, we found that L-carnitine had positive effects on boar sperm quality mainly through improving antioxidant capacities and enhancing ATP content and mitochondria activity. Interestingly, by assessing the effect of L-carnitine on sperm fertility and developmental potential, we discovered that the extender containing L-carnitine could improve sperm quality and increase the number of sperms bounding to zona pellucida, without improving in vitro fertility and development potential. Conclusion These findings suggested that the proper addition of L-carnitine to the semen extender improved boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hai-Tao Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing-Ran Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liang-Zhen Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shun-Li Yue
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Bo Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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