1
|
Szuldrzynski K, Kowalewski M, Swol J. Mechanical ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support - New trends and continuing challenges. Perfusion 2024; 39:107S-114S. [PMID: 38651573 DOI: 10.1177/02676591241232270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of mechanical ventilation on the survival of patients supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains still a focus of research. METHODS Recent guidelines, randomized trials, and registry data underscore the importance of lung-protective ventilation during respiratory and cardiac support on ECMO. RESULTS This approach includes decreasing mechanical power delivery by reducing tidal volume and driving pressure as much as possible, using low or very low respiratory rate, and a personalized approach to positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting. Notably, the use of ECMO in awake and spontaneously breathing patients is increasing, especially as a bridging strategy to lung transplantation. During respiratory support in V-V ECMO, native lung function is of highest importance and adjustments of blood flow on ECMO, or ventilator settings significantly impact the gas exchange. These interactions are more complex in veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO configuration and cardiac support. The fraction on delivered oxygen in the sweep gas and sweep gas flow rate, blood flow per minute, and oxygenator efficiency have an impact on gas exchange on device side. On the patient side, native cardiac output, native lung function, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and oxygen consumption (VO2) play a role. Avoiding pulmonary oedema includes left ventricle (LV) distension monitoring and prevention, pulse pressure >10 mm Hg and aortic valve opening assessment, higher PEEP adjustment, use of vasodilators, ECMO flow adjustment according to the ejection fraction, moderate use of inotropes, diuretics, or venting strategies as indicated and according to local expertise and resources. CONCLUSION Understanding the physiological principles of gas exchange during cardiac support on femoro-femoral V-A ECMO configuration and the interactions with native gas exchange and haemodynamics are essential for the safe applications of these techniques in clinical practice. Proning during ECMO remains to be discussed until further data is available from prospective, randomized trials implementing individualized PEEP titration during proning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstanty Szuldrzynski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalewski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
- Thoracic Research Centre, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Innovative Medical Forum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Justyna Swol
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jarvas G, Szerenyi D, Jankovics H, Vonderviszt F, Tovari J, Takacs L, Foldes F, Somogyi B, Jakab F, Guttman A. Microbead-based extracorporeal immuno-affinity virus capture: a feasibility study to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:95. [PMID: 36808576 PMCID: PMC9937867 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the utilization of micro-technology based tools to fight viral infections. Inspired by various hemoperfusion and immune-affinity capture systems, a blood virus depletion device has been developed that offers highly efficient capture and removal of the targeted virus from the circulation, thus decreasing virus load. Single-domain antibodies against the Wuhan (VHH-72) virus strain produced by recombinant DNA technology were immobilized on the surface of glass micro-beads, which were then utilized as stationary phase. For feasibility testing, the virus suspension was flown through the prototype immune-affinity device that captured the viruses and the filtered media left the column. The feasibility test of the proposed technology was performed in a Biosafety Level 4 classified laboratory using the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain. The laboratory scale device actually captured 120,000 virus particles from the culture media circulation proving the feasibility of the suggested technology. This performance has an estimated capture ability of 15 million virus particles by using the therapeutic size column design, representing three times over-engineering with the assumption of 5 million genomic virus copies in an average viremic patient. Our results suggested that this new therapeutic virus capture device could significantly lower virus load thus preventing the development of more severe COVID-19 cases and consequently reducing mortality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Jarvas
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Dora Szerenyi
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Jankovics
- Bio-Nanosystems Laboratory, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Vonderviszt
- Bio-Nanosystems Laboratory, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Tovari
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Takacs
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fanni Foldes
- National Virology Laboratory, BSL-4 Laboratory, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Somogyi
- National Virology Laboratory, BSL-4 Laboratory, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Virology Laboratory, BSL-4 Laboratory, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Guttman
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hayashi K, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, Fushimi K, Ono K, Yasunaga H. Additive effectiveness of acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated membranes in the treatment of pneumonia: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study. Artif Organs 2023; 47:408-416. [PMID: 36310400 PMCID: PMC10099711 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST) membrane has cytokine adsorption capacity and is used for treating sepsis. This study aimed to compare the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using the AN69ST membrane with those of CRRT using other membranes for patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis. METHODS This retrospective, propensity score-matched, cohort study was based on a nationwide Japanese inpatient database. We included data from adults hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, who received CRRT using either the AN69ST membrane or another membrane within 2 days of admission, and who were discharged from the hospitals between September 2014, and March 2017. Propensity score matching was used to compare in-hospital mortality between the two groups. RESULTS Eligible patients (N = 2393) were categorized into an AN69ST group (N = 631) and a non-AN69ST group (N = 1762). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 38.9%. Among the 545 propensity-matched patient pairs, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the AN69ST group than in the non-AN69ST group (35.8 vs. 41.8%, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with pneumonia-associated sepsis treated with CRRT, CRRT with the AN69ST membrane was associated with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality than CRRT with standard membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ono
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fleig M, Müller T, Antonini VM, Riera J, Belliato M, Broman LM, Fowles JA, Belohlavek J, Lorusso R, Vercaemst L, Jones T, Roeleveld PP, Di Nardo M, Barrett N, Swol J. Extracorporeal life support provision in COVID-19 patients - An international EuroELSO 2022 update survey. Perfusion 2023; 38:13-23. [PMID: 36625181 PMCID: PMC9834627 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221151034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An analysis on the ECLS use for patients with respiratory or cardiac support in COVID-19 based on an international response to EuroELSO survey, aims to generate a more comprehensive understanding of ECLS role during the recent viral pandemic. METHODS EuroELSO announced the survey at the 10th annual congress in London, May 2022. The survey covered 26 multiple-choice questions. RESULTS The survey returned 69 questionnaires from 62 centers across 22 European countries and seven centers across five non-European countries. Most of the centers providing ECLS for COVID-19 patients had more than 30 runs for respiratory support since December 2019. In the same period, at least 31 runs in adult COVID-19 patients have been performed in 48 of 69 centers (69.6%). The reported pediatric data from 18 centers is limited to less than the patients per center. CONCLUSION Majority of the COVID-19 patients received respiratory ECLS support and adult patients dominated. The indications and contraindications are broadly aligned with available guidelines. Most of the centers considered age >65 or biological age as a relative or absolute contraindication for ECLS in COVID-19. ECLS withdrawal criteria in COVID-19 are controversial because the long-term outcomes after ECLS in COVID-19 and the impact of critical illness and the impact of long-COVID are still not known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Fleig
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical
University, Nuremberg, Germany,Marcel Fleig, Department of Respiratory
Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan
Str. 1, Nuremberg 90419, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum
Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Velia M Antonini
- Intensive Care Unit, Maurizio Bufalini
Hospital, Cesena, Italy,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic
and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio
Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jordi Riera
- Critical Care Department, Vall d´Hebron University
Hospital; SODIR, Vall d´Hebron Research
Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirko Belliato
- UOC AR2 - Anestesia e Terapia
Intensiva Cardiotoracica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San
Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lars Mikael Broman
- ECMO Centre Karolinska, Department
of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jo-Anne Fowles
- Department of Critical Care, Royal Papworth NHS Foundation
Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Belohlavek
- 2nd Department of Internal
Cardiovascular Medicine, General University
Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
Department, Maastricht University Medical
Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leen Vercaemst
- Department of Perfusion, University Hospital
Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Jones
- Birmingham Women´s and Children´s NHS
Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter P Roeleveld
- Paediatric Intensive care, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Di Nardo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital Bambino
Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas Barrett
- Department of Critical Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK,Centre for Human & Applied
Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Justyna Swol
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical
University, Nuremberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ginikopoulou E. Plasma exchange and COVID 19. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
He W, Liu X, Hu B, Li D, Chen L, Li Y, Tu Y, Xiong S, Wang G, Deng J, Fu B. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Kidney Injury: A Literature Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:838213. [PMID: 35774397 PMCID: PMC9237415 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.838213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a life-threatening pandemic. Clinical evidence suggests that kidney involvement is common and might lead to mild proteinuria and even advanced acute kidney injury (AKI). Moreover, AKI caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in several countries and regions, resulting in high patient mortality. COVID-19-induced kidney injury is affected by several factors including direct kidney injury mediated by the combination of virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, immune response dysregulation, cytokine storm driven by SARS-CoV-2 infection, organ interactions, hypercoagulable state, and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of AKI caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection through literature search and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihang He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongshui Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yechao Tu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Situ Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rasch S, Sancak S, Erber J, Wießner J, Schulz D, Huberle C, Algül H, Schmid RM, Lahmer T. Influence of extracorporeal cytokine adsorption on hemodynamics in severe acute pancreatitis: Results of the matched cohort pancreatitis cytosorbents inflammatory cytokine removal (PACIFIC) study. Artif Organs 2022; 46:1019-1026. [PMID: 35182395 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) highly depends on the degree of systemic inflammation and organ failure. Although treatment approaches targeting the inflammatory cascade have failed in pancreatitis, recent studies suggest that extracorporeal cytokine adsorption effectively reduces concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and potentially improves the outcome of sepsis. METHODS Sixteen patients with SAP, presenting within 7 days upon onset of pain, an APACHE-II score of ≥10 and ≥1 marker of poor prognosis, received 2 consecutive 24-h treatments with CytoSorb® extracorporeal cytokine adsorption (intervention group). Hemodynamics, organ failure, and mortality were compared with an APACHE-II score-matched retrospective control group of 32 patients. RESULTS The primary objective (20% decrease in the vasopressor dependency index or 20% increase in the cardiac index) was reached in 68.8% of the intervention and 28.1% of the control patients (p = 0.007), respectively. The cytokine adsorption significantly reduced IL-6 (-1998 pg/ml, p = 0.005) serum levels and resulted in stable CRP (p = 0.101) and decreased PCT (p = 0.003) levels in contrast to increased CRP (p = 0.014) and stable PCT levels (p = 0.695) in the control group. While mortality and improvement of respiratory failure were similar in both groups, renal failure significantly improved (change of KDIGO classification 72 h postcytokine adsorption [-1 vs. 0, p = 0.005]) and the SOFA score significantly decreased (day 5: -1.8 ± 2.0 vs. 1 ± 3.8, p = 0.013) in the intervention group. CONCLUSION Cytokine adsorption might be an effective treatment option to stabilize hemodynamics in SAP. It decreases levels of the pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 and stabilizes organ function according to serial SOFA score assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sengül Sancak
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Wießner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Huberle
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich CCCM (TUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a major alteration in the medical literature including the sepsis discussion. From the outset of the pandemic, various reports have indicated that although there are some unique features pertinent to COVID-19, many of its acute manifestations are similar to sepsis caused by other pathogens. As a consequence, the old definitions now require consideration of this new etiologic agent, namely SARS-CoV-2. Although the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not been fully explained, the data obtained so far in hospitalized patients has revealed that serum cytokine and chemokine levels are high in severe COVID-19 patients, similar to those found with sepsis. COVID-19 may involve multiple organ systems. In addition to the lungs, the virus has been isolated from blood, urine, faeces, liver, and gallbladder. Results from autopsy series in COVID-19 patients have demonstrated a wide range of findings, including vascular involvement, congestion, consolidation, and hemorrhage as well as diffuse alveolar damage in lung tissue consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The presence of viral cytopathic-like changes, infiltration of inflammatory cells (mononuclear cells and macrophages), and viral particles in histopathological samples are considered a consequence of both direct viral infection and immune hyperactivation. Thromboembolism and hyper-coagulopathy are other components in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Although the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability is not fully understood, it has been pointed out that all three components of Virchow’s triad (endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulable state) play a major role in contributing to clot formation in severe COVID-19 infection. In severe COVID-19 cases, laboratory parameters such as hematological findings, coagulation tests, liver function tests, D-dimer, ferritin, and acute phase reactants such as CRP show marked alterations, which are suggestive of a cytokine storm. Another key element of COVID-19 pathogenesis in severe cases is its similarity or association with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm has significant clinical and laboratory findings overlapping with HLH. Viral sepsis has some similarities but also some differences when compared to bacterial sepsis. In bacterial sepsis, systemic inflammation affecting multiple organs is more dominant than in COVID-19 sepsis. While bacterial sepsis causes an early and sudden onset clinical deterioration, viral diseases may exhibit a relatively late onset and chronic course. Consideration of severe COVID-19 disease as a sepsis syndrome has relevance and may assist in terms of determining treatments that will modulate the immune response, limit intrinsic damage to tissue and organs, and potentially improve outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Koçak Tufan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Executive Board Member of Council of Higher Education of Turkey (YÖK)
- Member of COVID-19 Advisory Committee of Ministry of Health of Turkey
| | - Bircan Kayaaslan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Divisions of Critical Care and Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sanfilippo F, Martucci G, La Via L, Cuttone G, Dimarco G, Pulizzi C, Arcadipane A, Astuto M. Hemoperfusion and blood purification strategies in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1466-1476. [PMID: 34632596 PMCID: PMC8652899 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe cases requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Together with supportive therapies (ventilation in particular), the suppression of the pro-inflammatory state has been a hypothesized target. Pharmacological therapies with corticosteroids and interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonists have reduced mortality. The use of extracorporeal cytokine removal, also known as hemoperfusion (HP), could be a promising non-pharmacological approach to decrease the pro-inflammatory state in COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE databases in order to summarize the evidence regarding HP therapy in COVID-19. We included original studies and case series enrolling at least five patients. RESULTS We included 11 articles and describe the characteristics of the populations studied from both clinical and biological perspectives. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally low. Only two studies had a control group, one of which included 101 patients in total. The remaining studies had a range between 10 and 50 patients included. There was large variability in the HP techniques implemented and in clinical and biological outcomes reported. Most studies described decreasing levels of IL-6 after HP treatment. CONCLUSION Our review does not support strong conclusions regarding the role of HP in COVID-19. Considering the very low level of clinical evidence detected, starting HP therapies in COVID-19 patients does not seem supported outside of clinical trials. Prospective randomized data are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Sanfilippo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareAOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Gennaro Martucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareIRCCS‐ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione)PalermoItaly
| | - Luigi La Via
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareAOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele CataniaCataniaItaly
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital “G. Rodolico”, University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Cuttone
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareIRCCS‐ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione)PalermoItaly
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital “G. Rodolico”, University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giorgio Dimarco
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareIRCCS‐ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione)PalermoItaly
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital “G. Rodolico”, University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Carla Pulizzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareIRCCS‐ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione)PalermoItaly
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital “G. Rodolico”, University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonio Arcadipane
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareIRCCS‐ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione)PalermoItaly
| | - Marinella Astuto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareAOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele CataniaCataniaItaly
- School of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital “G. Rodolico”, University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Swol J, Brodie D, Willers A, Zakhary B, Belezzo J, Shinar Z, Weingart SD, Haft JW, Lorusso R, Peek GJ. Human factors in ECLS - A keystone for safety and quality - A narrative review for ECLS providers. Artif Organs 2021; 46:40-49. [PMID: 34738639 PMCID: PMC9298045 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the technology used for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has improved greatly in recent years, the application of these devices to the patient is quite complex and requires extensive training of team members both individually and together. Human factors is an area that addresses the activities, contexts, environments, and tools which interact with human behavior in determining overall system performance. HYPOTHESIS Analyses of the cognitive behavior of ECLS teams and individual members of these teams with respect to the occurrence of human errors may identify additional opportunities to enhance safety in delivery of ECLS. RESULTS The aim of this article is to support health-care practitioners who perform ECLS, or who are starting an ECLS program, by establishing standards for the safe and efficient use of ECLS with a focus on human factor issues. Other key concepts include the importance of ECLS team leadership and management, as well as controlling the environment and the system to optimize patient care. CONCLUSION Expertise from other industries is extrapolated to improve patient safety through the application of simulation training to reduce error propagation and improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Swol
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Department of Medicine and Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne Willers
- ECLS Centrum, Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bishoy Zakhary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Belezzo
- Emergency Room Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zachary Shinar
- Emergency Room Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott D Weingart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Critical Care, Resuscitation and Acute Critical Care Unit, Stony Brook Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan W Haft
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- ECLS Centrum, Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giles J Peek
- UF Health Shands Children's Hospital, UF Health Congenital Heart Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu T, Amos SH, Ganga AL, Bullins CM, Jennings CD, Arnold WS, Joseph M. Evaluation of cytokine response to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Artif Organs 2021; 46:146-154. [PMID: 34606116 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increased cytokine response is common in patients receiving extracorporeal life support and is often a poor prognostic indicator. There is interest in using adjunctive cytokine adsorption technologies to reduce inflammatory burden, However, it is debated whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) itself provides therapeutic benefit beyond gas exchange. Thus, we sought to characterize the inflammatory profile of ECMO in the first 72-96 h of and quantify its effect on cytokine levels in a case series of patients undergoing ECMO. METHODS Eight patients initiating ECMO were studied. Of these, we measured cytokines pre- and post-oxygenator over 96 h. Comparisons of cytokine levels were made across the oxygenator and over time. RESULTS The average age of patients was 64.3 years with 62% being male. Centrally cannulated patients had higher IL-6 levels (820.43 vs. 6907.53 pg/ml, p < 0.03), whereas peripherally cannulated patients had higher IL-12p70 levels (7.73 vs. 2.59 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Cytokine levels on day one included IL-12p70 (4.17 ± 2.56), IL-6 (4971.23 ± 8569.88), TNF (undetected), IL-8 (346.68 ± 670.18), IL-1B (undetected), and IL-10 (72.27 ± 87.9). Cytokine levels increased over 96 h; however, no significant differences were appreciated despite blood product transfusion. On day 3, IL-12p70 levels were significantly lower post-oxygenator (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The inflammatory profile of ECMO does not change significantly over the early course of illness when accounting for transfusion. However, the decrease in IL-12p70 specifically at day 3 of ECMO may indicate adsorption of specific inflammatory markers by the oxygenator although the clinical significance of this is still unknown. Further investigation of the oxygenator on cytokine response is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayna H Amos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Anil L Ganga
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles M Bullins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Cathy D Jennings
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - W Scott Arnold
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Banner University Medical Center at University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark Joseph
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geraci TC, Kon ZN, Moazami N, Chang SH, Carillo J, Chen S, Fargnoli A, Alimi M, Pass H, Galloway A, Smith DE. Hemoadsorption for management of patients on veno-venous ECMO support for severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Card Surg 2021; 36:4256-4264. [PMID: 34219277 PMCID: PMC8447331 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) develop a profound cytokine‐mediated pro‐inflammatory response. This study reports outcomes in 10 patients with COVID‐19 supported on veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) who were selected for the emergency use of a hemoadsorption column integrated in the ECMO circuit. Materials and Methods Pre and posttreatment, clinical data, and inflammatory markers were assessed to determine the safety and feasibility of using this system and to evaluate the clinical effect. Results During hemoadsorption, median levels of interleukin (IL)−2R, IL‐6, and IL‐10 decreased by 54%, 86%, and 64%, respectively. Reductions in other markers were observed for lactate dehydrogenase (−49%), ferritin (−46%), d‐dimer (−7%), C‐reactive protein (−55%), procalcitonin (−76%), and lactate (−44%). Vasoactive‐inotrope scores decreased significantly over the treatment interval (−80%). The median hospital length of stay was 53 days (36–85) and at 90‐days post cannulation, survival was 90% which was similar to a group of patients without the use of hemoadsorption. Conclusions Addition of hemoadsorption to VV‐ECMO in patients with severe COVID‐19 is feasible and reduces measured cytokine levels. However, in this small series, the precise impact on the overall clinical course and survival benefit still remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Geraci
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zachary N Kon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nader Moazami
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie H Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julius Carillo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stacey Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjan Alimi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aubrey Galloway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deane E Smith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dai X, Zhang Y, Yu L, Jiang Y, Chen L, Chen Y, Li M, Gao C, Shang J, Xiang S, Li Y, Li J, Zhou C, Zhou X, Chen N, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhu D, Gao H, Tang L, Zhu M, Li L. Effect of artificial liver blood purification treatment on the survival of critical ill COVID-19 patients. Artif Organs 2021; 45:762-769. [PMID: 33326621 PMCID: PMC8360150 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effect of artificial liver blood purification treatment on the survival of severe/critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 101 severe and critical patients with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this open, case-control, multicenter, prospective study. According to the patients' and their families' willingness, they were divided into two groups. One was named the treatment group, in which the patients received artificial liver therapy plus comprehensive treatment (n = 50), while the other was named the control group, in which the patients received only comprehensive treatment (n = 51). Clinical data and laboratory examinations, as well as the 28-day mortality rate, were collected and analyzed. Baseline data comparisons on average age, sex, pre-treatment morbidity, initial symptoms, vital signs, pneumonia severity index score, blood routine examination and biochemistry indices etc. showed no difference between the two groups. Cytokine storm was detected, with a significant increase of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level. The serum IL-6 level decreased from 119.94 to 20.49 pg/mL in the treatment group and increased from 40.42 to 50.81 pg/mL in the control group (P < .05), indicating that artificial liver therapy significantly decreased serum IL-6. The median duration of viral nucleic acid persistence was 19 days in the treatment group (ranging from 6 to 67 days) and 17 days in the control group (ranging from 3 to 68 days), no significant difference was observed (P = .36). As of 28-day follow-up,17 patients in the treatment group experienced a median weaning time of 24 days, while 11 patients in the control group experienced a median weaning time of 35 days, with no significant difference between the two groups (P = .33). The 28-day mortality rates were 16% (8/50) in the treatment group and 50.98% (26/51) in the control group, with a significant difference (z = 3.70, P < .001). Cytokine storm is a key factor in the intensification of COVID-19 pneumonia. The artificial liver therapy blocks the cytokine storm by clearing inflammatory mediators, thus preventing severe cases from progressing to critically ill stages and markedly reducing short-term mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiahong Dai
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Ye Chen
- The Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Ming Li
- No. 2 People's Hospital of Fuyang CityAnhuiChina
| | - Chunming Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeAnhuiChina
| | - Jia Shang
- Henan Provincial People’s HospitalPeople’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shulin Xiang
- The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuanxiChina
| | - Yongguo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jianzhou Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXianChina
| | | | | | - Nan Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanchun Liu
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | | | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hainv Gao
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Lingling Tang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Mengfei Zhu
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nassiri AA, Hakemi MS, Miri MM, Shahrami R, Koomleh AA, Sabaghian T. Blood purification with CytoSorb in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A case series of 26 patients. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1338-1347. [PMID: 34152629 PMCID: PMC8444787 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe forms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can progress to sepsis‐like complications accompanied by “cytokine storm” for which the most effective treatment has not yet been established. Our study describes the results of CytoSorb hemoadsorption in COVID‐19 patients treated on the intensive care unit (ICU). In this retrospective study, 26 patients with COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were treated with hemoadsorption therapy. Pre‐, and post‐treatment values (clinical and laboratory) were compared. Data are expressed as mean (confidence intervals, CI), or median [interquartile ranges, IQR], as appropriate. Patients received 2 hemoadsorption treatments. This resulted in a significant decrease in norepinephrine requirements, and inflammatory marker plasma concentrations (procalcitonin, C‐reactive protein, ferritin) when comparing pre versus post treatment levels. The PaO2/FiO2 and overall organ function (ie, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment—SOFA score) also improved significantly. Patients stayed on the ICU for 9 days and 21 of them survived. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest case series to date reporting early experiences on extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients with hyperinflammation and moderate ARDS. Treatment proved to be effective, technically feasible and well‐tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ahmad Nassiri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monir Sadat Hakemi
- Nephrology ward, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Mohammad Miri
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shahrami
- Intensive Care Department, NIOC Tehran Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ahmadi Koomleh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Sabaghian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Napp LC, Lebreton G, De Somer F, Supady A, Pappalardo F. Opportunities, controversies, and challenges of extracorporeal hemoadsorption with CytoSorb during ECMO. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1240-1249. [PMID: 34152637 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently used in many centers around the globe for various indications. However, prognosis is often poor even with all supportive therapies, and in many cases, clinical deterioration is associated with inflammation. Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb is a novel approach to limit the inflammatory response, and the device can be safely and easily installed into ECMO circuits. CytoSorb has been used more than 130.000 times to date, but because randomized controlled trials are largely lacking, there is substantial debate on its use. Here, experts from critical care medicine, cardiology, cardiac surgery, and perfusion technology discuss the pros and cons of this novel therapy and outline the future aspects for its clinical application and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Christian Napp
- Cardiac Arrest Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillaume Lebreton
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiology Institute, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Filip De Somer
- Heart Centre 5K12, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Supady
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC Italy, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu W, Kelley W, Fang DC, Joshi S, Kim Y, Paroder M, Tanhehco Y, Tran MH, Pham HP. The use of therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: A critical appraisal of the current evidence. J Clin Apher 2021; 36:483-491. [PMID: 33578448 PMCID: PMC8014837 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a major pandemic. While vaccine development moves forward, optimal treatment continues to be explored. Efforts include an ever-expanding number of clinical trials along with newly proposed experimental and off-label investigational therapies; one of which is therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). There have been a number of publications on TPE use as adjunctive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but no prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been completed. This article critically appraises the current available evidence on TPE as a treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter Kelley
- American Red Cross, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Deanna C Fang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarita Joshi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Transfusion Services, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Monika Paroder
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yvette Tanhehco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Minh-Ha Tran
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irving, California, USA
| | - Huy P Pham
- National Marrow Donor Program, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zayat R, Kalverkamp S, Grottke O, Durak K, Dreher M, Autschbach R, Marx G, Marx N, Spillner J, Kersten A. Role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically Ill COVID-19 patients and predictors of mortality. Artif Organs 2020; 45:E158-E170. [PMID: 33236373 PMCID: PMC7753822 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of critically ill COVID‐19 patients remains unclear. Our study aims to analyze the outcomes and risk factors from patients treated with ECMO. This retrospective, single‐center study includes 17 COVID‐19 patients treated with ECMO. Univariate and multivariate parametric survival regression identified predictors of survival. Nine patients (53%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and discharged. The incidence of in‐hospital mortality was 47%. In a univariate analysis, only four out of 83 pre‐ECMO variables were significantly different; IL‐6, PCT, and NT‐proBNP were significantly higher in non‐survivors than in survivors. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score was significantly higher in survivors. After a multivariate parametric survival regression, IL‐6, NT‐proBNP and RESP scores remained significant independent predictors, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.069 [95%‐CI: 0.986‐1.160], P = .016 1.001 [95%‐CI: 1.000‐1.001], P = .012; and .843 [95%‐CI: 0.564‐1.260], P = .040, respectively. A prediction model comprising IL‐6, NT‐proBNP, and RESP score showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and 77.8% specificity compared to an AUC of 0.79 for the RESP score alone. The present study suggests that ECMO is a potentially lifesaving treatment for selected critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Considering IL‐6 and NT‐pro‐BNP, in addition to the RESP score, may enhance outcome predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Zayat
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kalverkamp
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Grottke
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Koray Durak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Autschbach
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care Medicine, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Kersten
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou S, Xu J, Xue C, Yang B, Mao Z, Ong ACM. Coronavirus-associated kidney outcomes in COVID-19, SARS, and MERS: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ren Fail 2020; 43:1-15. [PMID: 33256491 PMCID: PMC7717867 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1847724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted on kidney-related outcomes of three recent pandemics: SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, which were associated with potentially fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS A search of all published studies until 16 June 2020 was performed. The incidence/prevalence and mortality risk of acute and chronic renal events were evaluated, virus prevalence, and mortality in preexisting hemodialysis patients was investigated. RESULTS A total of 58 eligible studies involving 13452 hospitalized patients with three types of coronavirus infection were included. The reported incidence of new-onset acute kidney injury (AKI) was 12.5% (95% CI: 7.6%-18.3%). AKI significantly increased the mortality risk (OR = 5.75, 95% CI 3.75-8.77, p < 0.00001) in patients with coronavirus infection. The overall rate of urgent-start kidney replacement therapy (urgent-start KRT) use was 8.9% (95% CI: 5.0%-13.8%) and those who received urgent-start KRT had a higher risk of mortality (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 2.02-5.85, p < 0.00001). Patients with known chronic kidney disease (CKD) had a higher mortality than those without CKD (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.56-2.49, p < 0.00001). The incidence of coronavirus infection was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.9%-11.1%) in prevalent hemodialysis patients with an overall mortality rate of 26.2% (95% CI: 20.6%-32.6%). CONCLUSIONS Primary kidney involvement is common with coronavirus infection and is associated with significantly increased mortality. The recognition of AKI, CKD, and urgent-start KRT as major risk factors for mortality in coronavirus-infected patients are important steps in reducing future mortality and long-term morbidity in hospitalized patients with coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoulian Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Internal Medicine III (Nephrology & Endocrinology), Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Albert C. M. Ong
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Swol J, Shigemura N, Ichiba S, Steinseifer U, Anraku M, Lorusso R. Artificial lungs--Where are we going with the lung replacement therapy? Artif Organs 2020; 44:1135-1149. [PMID: 33098217 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation may be a final destination therapy in lung failure, but limited donor organ availability creates a need for alternative management, including artificial lung technology. This invited review discusses ongoing developments and future research pathways for respiratory assist devices and tissue engineering to treat advanced and refractory lung disease. An overview is also given on the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and lessons learned as the world comes out of this situation. The first order of business in the future of lung support is solving the problems with existing mechanical devices. Interestingly, challenges identified during the early days of development persist today. These challenges include device-related infection, bleeding, thrombosis, cost, and patient quality of life. The main approaches of the future directions are to repair, restore, replace, or regenerate the lungs. Engineering improvements to hollow fiber membrane gas exchangers are enabling longer term wearable systems and can be used to bridge lung failure patients to transplantation. Progress in the development of microchannel-based devices has provided the concept of biomimetic devices that may even enable intracorporeal implantation. Tissue engineering and cell-based technologies have provided the concept of bioartificial lungs with properties similar to the native organ. Recent progress in artificial lung technologies includes continued advances in both engineering and biology. The final goal is to achieve a truly implantable and durable artificial lung that is applicable to destination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Swol
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Norihisa Shigemura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Temple University Health System Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shingo Ichiba
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ulrich Steinseifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Masaki Anraku
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department - Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rieder M, Zahn T, Benk C, Lother A, Bode C, Staudacher D, Duerschmied D, Supady A. Cytokine adsorption in a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 related acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: A case report. Artif Organs 2020; 45:191-194. [PMID: 32929761 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rieder
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timm Zahn
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dawid Staudacher
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Supady
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|