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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Heydarian S, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Five-year changes in macular thickness in the elderly population: A cohort study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:545-557. [PMID: 38403409 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine the 5-year changes in macular thickness and related factors. METHODS Data were from the second (2014) and third (2019) phases of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Examinations included measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and funduscopy. Participants underwent Cirrus HD-OCT 4000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). IMAGING RESULTS The 5-year changes (95% confidence interval) of central and overall macular thicknesses were - 3.48 ± 8.16 μ (-3.92, -3.03) and - 0.79 ± 4.06 μ (-1.03, -0.54), respectively. The median and IQR of 5-year changes in the central subfield thickness were -3 and 10, although they were 0 and 5 in the overall macular thickness, respectively. Multiple regression model showed the central macular thickness (CMT) decreased with a U-shape pattern with increasing age. The 5-year changes in CMT were significantly lower in females compared to males β = -1.55; (-2.78, -0.32) and in smokers compared to non-smokers β = -1.92; (-3.55, -0.28). Moreover, higher body mass index β = -0.12; (-0.22, -0.02) and CMT at baseline β = -0.08; (-0.10, -0.06) were significantly associated with lower CMT changes. The average 5-year changes in overall macular thickness showed a non-linear decrease with age and was significantly higher in females β = 0.93; (0.4, 1.43). These changes were directly related to the anterior chamber depth β = 0.87; (0.10, 1.64) in the baseline. CONCLUSIONS The macular thickness decreased slightly after 5 years; however, this change is not clinically significant. Demographic factors such as age and sex and refractive errors were significantly related to macular thickness changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Heydarian
- Department of rehabilitation science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jorge AM, Melles RB, Marmor MF, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Choi HK. Risk Factors for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy and Its Subtypes. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2410677. [PMID: 38722628 PMCID: PMC11082687 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The major toxic effect of hydroxychloroquine is retinopathy. Thus, current guidelines recommend limiting the dose and screening annually for retinopathy among all long-term users, but individual patient factors may be associated with retinopathy risk. Objective To identify risk factors beyond hydroxychloroquine dose and duration of use for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of 4677 patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health network who initiated hydroxychloroquine, continued treatment, and underwent retinopathy screening after 5 years of use was conducted from July 1, 1997, to December 31, 2020, with up to 15 years of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed in August 2023. Exposure Candidate risk factors included age at hydroxychloroquine initiation, sex, race and ethnicity, indications, chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease, diabetes, tamoxifen use, and medications that interact with hydroxychloroquine metabolism. Hydroxychloroquine dose was assessed from pharmacy dispensing records. Main Outcome and Measures Incident hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was adjudicated from masked review of guideline-recommended screening studies and classified as parafoveal or pericentral pattern. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess potential risk factors for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy within 15 years of initiation. Results Of 4677 long-term hydroxychloroquine users (mean [SD] age at initiation, 52.4 [14.1] years; 3877 women [82.9%]), 125 patients developed hydroxychloroquine retinopathy within 15 years (102 parafoveal, 23 pericentral). Older age at time of hydroxychloroquine initiation was associated with retinopathy risk, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.48 (95% CI, 1.28-4.78) for those aged 45 to 54 years, 3.82 (95% CI, 2.05-7.14) for those aged 55 to 64 years, and 5.68 (95% CI, 2.99-10.79) for those aged 65 years or older compared with those younger than 45 years. The risk of retinopathy was higher among females than males (HR, 3.83 [95% CI, 1.86-7.89]), among patients with CKD stage 3 or greater (HR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.25-3.04]), and among individuals with tamoxifen use (HR, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.08-10.89]). The likelihood of pericentral retinopathy was higher among Asian patients (HR, 15.02 [95% CI, 4.82-46.87]) and Black patients (HR, 5.51 [95% CI, 1.22-24.97]) compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that increasing age, female sex, CKD stage 3 or greater, and tamoxifen use were associated with a higher risk of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, whereas being younger than 45 years at hydroxychloroquine initiation and male sex were associated with a lower risk. Race and ethnicity were also associated with the pattern of retinopathy. These factors should be incorporated into hydroxychloroquine dosing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M. Jorge
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald B. Melles
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Michael F. Marmor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Baijun Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyon K. Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jin Y, Yong S, Ke S, Zhang C, Liu Y, Wang J, Lu T, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhang J. Deep learning assisted fluid volume calculation for assessing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor effect in diabetic macular edema. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29775. [PMID: 38699726 PMCID: PMC11063453 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop an algorithm using deep learning methods to calculate the volume of intraretinal and subretinal fluid in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for assessing diabetic macular edema (DME) patients' condition changes. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Treatment-naive patients diagnosed with DME recruited from April 2020 to November 2021. Methods The deep learning network, which was built for autonomous segmentation utilizing an encoder-decoder network based on the U-Net architecture, was used to calculate the volume of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF). The alterations of retinal vessel density and thickness, and the correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters were analyzed. Results 2,955 OCT images of fourteen eyes from DME patients with IRF and SRF who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents were obtained. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the algorithm was 0.993 for IRF and 0.998 for SRF. The volumes of IRF and SRF were significantly decreased from 1.93 ± 0.58 /1.14 ± 0.25 mm3 (baseline) to 0.26 ± 0.13 /0.26 ± 0.18 mm3 (post-injection), respectively (p = 0.0170 for IRF, and p = 0.0004 for SRF). The Spearman correlation demonstrated that the reduction of IRF volume was negatively correlated with age (coefficient = -0.698, p = 0.006). Conclusion We developed a deep learning assisted fluid volume calculation algorithm with high sensitivity and specificity for assessing the volume of IRF and SRF in DME patients. Key words: deep learning; diabetic macular edema; optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanghao Yong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Ocular Fundus, Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Zouache MA, Faust CD, Silvestri V, Akafo S, Lartey S, Mehta R, Carroll J, Silvestri G, Hageman GS, Amoaku WM. Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in an Indigenous Population from Ghana: Comparison with Individuals with European or African Ancestry. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100386. [PMID: 37868802 PMCID: PMC10585639 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the thickness of the macular retina and central choroid in an indigenous population from Ghana, Africa and to compare them with those measured among individuals with European or African ancestry. Design Cross-sectional study, systematic review, and meta-analyses. Participants Forty-two healthy Ghanaians, 37 healthy individuals with European ancestry, and an additional 1427 healthy subjects with African ancestry from previously published studies. Methods Macular retinal thickness in the fovea, parafovea, and perifovea and central choroidal thickness were extracted from OCT volume scans. Associations with ethnicity, age, and sex were assessed using mixed-effect regression models. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the sensitivity of significant associations to additional potential confounders. Pooled estimates of retinal thickness among other groups with African ancestry were generated through systematic review and meta-analyses. Main Outcome Measures Macular retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness and their association with ethnicity, age, and sex. Results When adjusted for age and sex, the macular retina and central choroid of Ghanaians are significantly thinner as compared with subjects with European ancestry (P < 0.001). A reduction in retinal and choroidal thickness is observed with age, although this effect is independent of ethnicity. Meta-analyses indicate that retinal thickness among Ghanaians differs markedly from that of African Americans and other previously reported indigenous African populations. Conclusions The thickness of the retina among Ghanaians differs not only from those measured among individuals with European ancestry, but also from those obtained from African Americans. Normative retinal and choroidal parameters determined among individuals with African or European ancestry may not be sufficient to describe indigenous African populations. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa A. Zouache
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caitlin D. Faust
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Stephen Akafo
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Lartey
- Eye Unit, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rajnikant Mehta
- Research Design Service, East Midlands (RDS EM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Giuliana Silvestri
- Ophthalmology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Gregory S. Hageman
- Sharon Eccles Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Winfried M. Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences (Academic Unit 1), University Hospital, QMC, Nottingham, UK
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu R, Dong Y, Shi Z, Sun Y, Ge Z, Liang Y, Zhang J, Du Y, Qiu C. Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Macular Thickness and Volume in Older Adults: A Population-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:141-150. [PMID: 38237159 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the associations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual components with macular thickness and volume among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 705 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the MIND-China study. In 2018-2019, we collected data through face-to-face interview, clinical examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, and blood test. We measured macular thickness and volume using spectral-domain OCT. MetS was defined following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the IDF/American Heart Association (AHA) criteria, the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria. Data were analyzed with multivariable general linear models. Results: MetS was significantly associated with thinner macula in central (multivariable-adjusted β = -5.29; 95% confidence interval: -9.31 to -1.26), parafoveal (-2.85; -5.73 to 0.04) and perifoveal regions (-4.37; -6.79 to -1.95) when using the IDF criteria, in the perifoveal regions (-3.82; -6.18 to -1.47) when using the IDF/AHA criteria, and in the central region (-5.63; -10.25 to -1.02) when using the CDS criteria, and with reduced macular volume when using the IDF (-0.16; -0.26 to -0.07) and IDF/AHA (-0.13; -0.22 to -0.04) criteria. In the parafoveal region, the IDF-defined MetS was significantly associated with thinner retina in men (β = -6.25; -10.94 to -1.56) but not in women. Abdominal obesity (-2.83; -5.41 to -0.25) and elevated fasting blood glucose (-2.65; -5.08 to -0.21) were associated with thinner macular thickness in the perifoveal region. Conclusion: MetS is associated with macular thinning and reduced macular volume among rural-dwelling older adults, and the associations vary by the defining criteria of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengwei Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang Q, Zhang C, Wang Y, Cong L, Liu K, Xu Z, Jiang C, Zhou W, Zhang C, Dong Y, Feng J, Qiu C, Du Y. Quantitative assessments of retinal macular structure among rural-dwelling older adults in China: a population-based, cross-sectional, optical coherence tomography study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079006. [PMID: 38320838 PMCID: PMC10860037 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantitatively assess and compare retinal macular structures of rural-dwelling older adults in China using two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners and to examine their associations with demographic, lifestyle, clinical and ocular factors. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, cross-sectional study included 971 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. We collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, clinical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)) and ocular factors (eg, visual acuity and spherical equivalent). We used two models of spectral-domain OCT to measure macular parameters in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Data were analysed using the multiple general linear models. RESULTS Spectralis OCT demonstrated higher macular thickness but a lower macular volume than Primus 200 OCT (p<0.05). Nasal quadrant of the inner and outer subfields was the thickest, followed by superior quadrant. Adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables, older age was significantly correlated with lower average inner and outer macular thicknesses and overall macular volume. Men had higher macular parameters than women. The presence of CVD was correlated with lower central macular thickness (β=-6.83; 95% CI: -13.08 to -0.58; p=0.032). Middle school or above was associated with higher average inner macular thickness (β=7.85; 95% CI: 1.14 to 14.55; p=0.022) and higher spherical equivalent was correlated with lower average inner macular thickness (β=-1.78; 95% CI: -3.50 to -0.07; p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS Macular thickness and volume assessed by Spectralis and Primus 200 OCT scanners differ. Older age and female sex are associated with lower macular thickness and volume. Macular parameters are associated with education, CVD and spherical equivalent. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER MIND-China study (ChiCTR1800017758).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, JInan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, JInan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - YiFeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Cicinelli MV, La Franca L, Berni A, Bottazzi L, Rabiolo A, Lattanzio R, Udaondo P, Bandello F. Rate and associations of inner retinal thinning in eyes with retinal vein occlusion and regressed macular oedema. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:138-144. [PMID: 37391514 PMCID: PMC10764826 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between visual acuity (VA) and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) eyes after cystoid macular oedema (CMO) regression and to assess whether inner retinal thinning is progressive. METHODS Retrospective observational study of RVO eyes with regressed CMO for at least 6 months. OCT scans at CMO regression were analysed, and features were correlated with VA at that visit. The inner retinal thickness was longitudinally compared between RVO and unaffected fellow eyes (controls) with linear mixed models. The rate of inner retinal thinning was obtained as the interaction term between disease status and time. Associations between inner retinal thinning and clinical characteristics were explored. RESULTS Thirty-six RVO eyes were followed for 34.2 ± 21.1 months after CMO regression. The presence of ellipsoid zone disruption (regression estimate[standard error(SE)] = 0.16[0.04] LogMAR vs. intact, p < 0.001) and lower inner retinal thickness (regression estimate[SE] = -0.25[0.12] LogMAR for 100-μm increase, p = 0.01) were associated with worse VA. The inner retinal thickness decreased faster in RVO than controls (rate of retinal thinning -0.27 ± 0.09 μm/month vs. -0.08 ± 0.11 μm/month, p = 0.01). Macular ischaemia was associated with a faster rate of retinal thinning (interaction term macular ischaemia*follow-up time, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Inner retinal and photoreceptors' layers integrity are associated with better visual acuity once CMO resolves. RVO eyes undergo progressive inner retinal thinning after CMO regression, faster in eyes with macular ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lamberto La Franca
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berni
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bottazzi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rosangela Lattanzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Udaondo
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avinguda Fernando Abril Martorell, No. 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesco Bandello
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Wu J, Lin C, Du Y, Fan SJ, Pan L, Pan Q, Cao K, Wang N. Macular thickness and its associated factors in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1864-1872. [PMID: 36162970 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the normal macular thickness and assess its associations. METHODS The Handan Eye Follow-up Study was conducted between 2012 and 2013. Macular thickness was scanned by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The built-in software generated a retinal thickness (RT) map, which was divided into three regions (central, internal and external regions) and nine quadrants (one in central and four in internal and external regions each). RESULTS For 5394 subjects in the Handan Eye Follow-up Study, 4793 received OCT examination, 2946 of whom (accounting for 61.46% of the total subjects, mean age 58.91±10.95, 55.6% were women) were included for analysis. The mean RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were (237.38 µm±23.05 µm), (309.77 µm±18.36 µm) and (278.29 µm±14.38 µm), respectively (overall difference, p<0.001). In inner ring, the RT in temporal was thinnest, followed by nasal, superior and inferior. In outer ring, the RT in superior was thinnest, with the next subfields being temporal, inferior and nasal, respectively. The RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were significantly thicker in men than in women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in central macula, RT increased in subjects younger than 60 years and thinned above the age of 60. In inner and outer rings, RT thinned along with age (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study finds that RT in central macula is the thinnest, followed by the outer ring, the RT in the inner ring is the thickest. Age and gender are related to RT. These associated factors need to be considered when explaining RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Du
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Su Jie Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Handan City Eye Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Ye X, Gao K, He S, Zhong X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Shao H, Shen L. Artificial Intelligence-Based Quantification of Central Macular Fluid Volume and VA Prediction for Diabetic Macular Edema Using OCT Images. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2441-2452. [PMID: 37318706 PMCID: PMC10441848 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the correlation of central macular fluid volume (CMFV) and central subfield thickness (CST) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in treatment-naïve eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) 1 month after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated eyes that received anti-VEGF therapy. All participants underwent comprehensive examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans at baseline (M0) and 1 month after the first treatment (M1). Two deep learning models were separately developed to automatically measure the CMFV and the CST. Correlations were analyzed between the CMFV and the logMAR BCVA at M0 and logMAR BCVA at M1. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of CMFV and CST for predicting eyes with BCVA [Formula: see text] 20/40 at M1 was analyzed. RESULTS This study included 156 DME eyes from 89 patients. The median CMFV decreased from 0.272 (0.061-0.568) at M0 to 0.096 (0.018-0.307) mm3 at M1. The CST decreased from 414 (293-575) to 322 (252-430) μm. The logMAR BCVA decreased from 0.523 (0.301-0.817) to 0.398 (0.222-0.699). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the CMFV was the only significant factor for logMAR BCVA at both M0 (β = 0.199, p = 0.047) and M1 (β = 0.279, p = 0.004). The AUROC of CMFV for predicting eyes with BCVA [Formula: see text] 20/40 at M1 was 0.72, and the AUROC of CST was 0.69. CONCLUSIONS Anti-VEGF therapy is an effective treatment for DME. Automated measured CMFV is a more accurate prognostic factor than CST for the initial anti-VEGF treatment outcome of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Kun Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shucheng He
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | | | | | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Media Engineering, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Shao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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10
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Lima Rebouças SC, Crivello F, Tsuchida A, Tzourio C, Schweitzer C, Korobelnik J, Delcourt C, Helmer C. Association of retinal nerve layers thickness and brain imaging in healthy young subjects from the i-Share-Bordeaux study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:4722-4737. [PMID: 37401639 PMCID: PMC10400793 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the anatomical and functional similarities between the retina and the brain, the retina could be a "window" for viewing brain structures. We investigated the association between retinal nerve fiber layers (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ppRNFL; macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, GC-IPL; and macular ganglion cell complex, GCC), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in young health adults. We included 857 students (mean age: 23.3 years, 71.3% women) from the i-Share study. We used multivariate linear models to study the cross-sectional association of each retinal nerve layer thickness assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with structural (volumes and cortical thickness), and microstructural brain markers, assessed on MRI globally and regionally. Microstructural MRI parameters included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI). On global brain analysis, thicker ppRNFL, GC-IPL and GCC were all significantly associated with patterns of diffusion metrics consistent with higher WM microstructural integrity. In regional analyses, after multiple testing corrections, our results suggested significant associations of some retinal nerve layers with brain regional gray matter occipital volumes and with diffusion MRI parameters in a region involved in the visual pathway and in regions containing associative tracts. No associations were found with global volumes or with global or regional cortical thicknesses. Results of this study suggest that some retinal nerve layers may reflect brain structures. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ami Tsuchida
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, IMN, GINBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Cédric Schweitzer
- Department of OphthalmologyBordeaux University HospitalBordeauxFrance
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11
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Arruabarrena C, Rodríguez-Miguel A, de Aragón-Gómez F, Escámez P, Rosado I, Teus MA. Normative Data for Macular Thickness and Volume for Optical Coherence Tomography in a Diabetic Population without Maculopathies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5232. [PMID: 37629274 PMCID: PMC10455588 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to establish normative data for the macular thicknesses and volume using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a diabetic population without maculopathies for use as a reference in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema screening programs. METHODS This was an observational study nested in a cohort of diabetics from a telemedicine DR screening program. Each patient underwent SD-OCT centered on the fovea. Macular thickness and volume were described and compared using the built-in normative database of the device. Quantile regression models for the 97.5% percentile were fitted to evaluate the predictors of macular thickness and volume. RESULTS A total of 3410 eyes (mean age, 62.25 (SD, 0.22) years) were included. Mean (SD) central subfield thickness (CST) was 238.2 (23.7) µm, while center thickness (CT), average thickness (AT), and macular volume (MV) were 205.4 (31.6) µm, 263.9 (14.3) µm, and 7.46 (0.40) mm3, respectively. Para- and perifoveal thicknesses were clinically and statistically significantly thinner in our population than in the normative reference database. The 97.5% percentile of the thickness of all sectors was increased in males and in the para- and perifovea among those with DR. CONCLUSIONS All ETDRS sectors were thinner in patients with diabetes than in the reference population, except for the CST, which was the most stable parameter that only changed with sex. The upper cutoff limit to detect diabetic macular edema (DME) was different from that of the reference population and was influenced by conditions related to diabetes, such as DR. Therefore, specific normative data for diabetic patients should be used for the screening and diagnosis of DME using SD-OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Arruabarrena
- Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Alcalá (IRYCIS), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de Aragón-Gómez
- Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Escámez
- Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Rosado
- Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Alpogan O, Donmez EE, Vural F, Balık AÖ. Effects of Androgens on the Thickness of Retinal Layers in Transgender Men and in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Transgend Health 2023; 8:363-370. [PMID: 37525838 PMCID: PMC10387147 DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between androgens and the retinal thickness by comparing the macular thickness (MT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness of female-to-male transgender men (TGM), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and cisgender women (CW). Methods Thirty-four eyes of 34 TGM, 34 eyes of 34 women with PCOS, and 45 eyes of 45 CW were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. One-way analysis of variance and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted one-way analysis of covariance were conducted to test the differences between groups for statistical evaluation. Results The parafoveal MT in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p<0.001 and p=0.022, respectively). After adjusting for BMI, the perifoveal MT in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p=0.041 and p=0.021, respectively). The nasal RNFL thickness in TGM was significantly higher than women with PCOS and CW (p=0.021 and p=0.009, respectively). The means of average and inferior RNFL, fovea, and the mean of all GCC values were higher in the TGM group than women with PCOS and CW, but these results were not statistically significant. Conclusions In this study, there was a significant difference between the TGM group and the CW group for the thickness of the nasal RNFL and parafoveal and perifoveal macular area. Androgens may have the potential to increase retinal thickness in TGM; however, there is a need for validation in larger study groups. Clinical Trial Registration Number: HNEAH-KAEK 2021/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksan Alpogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Erhan Donmez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fisun Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özlem Balık
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Palani S, Baskaran AA, Rinita D. Optical coherence tomography predictors of the outcomes of occlusion therapy in anisometropic amblyopia. Oman J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:281-286. [PMID: 37602148 PMCID: PMC10433063 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_355_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM (1) To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes in patients presenting with anisometropic amblyopia. (2) To find OCT factors predicting the outcomes of occlusion therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary eye care center for a period of 20 months. Fifty-four children diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopic were included in the study. After complete ophthalmic and OCT examination, patients were advised to undergo occlusion therapy with large spectacle patch. Patients were reviewed after 6 months to record improvement in visual acuity and analyze their OCT parameters. Statistical tests used were paired "t" test and independent "t" test. RESULTS The mean age of 54 study patients was 9.24 ± 2.82 years. For comparison of OCT parameters, they were classified as myopic (22 patients), hypermetropic (24 patients), and astigmatic (8 patients) groups. In the anisomyopic amblyopia group, the mean inner macular thickness was significantly increased in fellow eyes (304.09 ± 11.06 μm) compared to amblyopic eyes (297.59 ± 14.16 μm). In the anisohyperopic amblyopia group, the outer macular thickness significantly increased in amblyopic eyes (286.43 ± 18.63 μm) when compared to fellow eyes (272.62 ± 14.90 μm). In the follow-up visit, 28 patients showed improvement and 6 patients did not show improvement in final best-corrected visual acuity, and the OCT parameters in amblyopic eyes of these two groups did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Abnormal experience in early life does not affect the maturation process of retinal layers as evident by OCT parameters, and these parameters cannot predict the outcomes of occlusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashree Palani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madurantakam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Deborah Rinita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Ammapettai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Su B, Zhu X, Yang K, Xiao Y, Li C, Shi K, Qu J, Lu F, Li M, Cui L. Age- and sex-related differences in the retinal capillary plexus in healthy Chinese adults. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:38. [PMID: 36180939 PMCID: PMC9526290 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess age- and sex-related changes in the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) in healthy Chinese adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, all data were derived from the community-based Jidong Eye Cohort Study. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and other ocular and systemic examinations. The vessel densities of the whole measured area, parafovea, and four quadrants in the SCP and DCP were measured. RESULTS We recruited 1036 eyes of 1036 healthy participants; the mean age was 40.4 ± 9.8 years, and 449 (43.3%) participants were males. The SCP and DCP vessel densities in all regions, except for temporal and nasal regions in the SCP, non-linearly decreased with age. The DCP vessel densities began to decrease at approximately 35 years of age, while the SCP vessel densities began to decrease at approximately 40 years of age. The DCP vessel densities decreased more rapidly than the SCP vessel densities at 35-50 years of age. The DCP vessel densities remained stable or slightly decreased after the age of 50 years in females, while those decreased linearly in most regions in males. CONCLUSIONS The retinal vessel density decreased earlier and more rapidly in the DCP than in the SCP, and the effect of aging on the DCP vessel density was sex-dependent. Our findings suggest that age and sex should be considered when interpreting clinical quantitative OCTA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Su
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Xiao
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Keai Shi
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Qu
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Lu
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lele Cui
- grid.414701.7Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Banghart M, Lee K, Bahrainian M, Staggers K, Amos C, Liu Y, Domalpally A, Frankfort BJ, Sohn EH, Abramoff M, Channa R. Total retinal thickness: a neglected factor in the evaluation of inner retinal thickness. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:e001061. [PMID: 36329022 PMCID: PMC9528673 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether macular retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses vary by ethnicity after accounting for total retinal thickness. METHODS We included healthy participants from the UK Biobank cohort who underwent macula-centred spectral domain-optical coherence tomography scans. mRNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were determined for groups from different self-reported ethnic backgrounds. Multivariable regression models adjusting for covariables including age, gender, ethnicity and refractive error were built, with and without adjusting for total retinal thickness. RESULTS 20237 participants were analysed. Prior to accounting for total retinal thickness, mRNFL thickness was on average 0.9 μm (-1.2, -0.6; p<0.001) lower among Asians and 1.5 μm (-2.3, -0.6; p<0.001) lower among black participants compared with white participants. Prior to accounting for total retinal thickness, the average GC-IPL thickness was 1.9 μm (-2.5, -1.4; p<0.001) lower among Asians compared with white participants, and 2.4 μm (-3.9, -1.0; p=0.001) lower among black participants compared with white participants. After accounting for total retinal thickness, the layer thicknesses were not significantly different among ethnic groups. When considered as a proportion of total retinal thickness, mRNFL thickness was ~0.1 and GC-IPL thickness was ~0.2 across age, gender and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The previously reported ethnic differences in layer thickness among groups are likely driven by differences in total retinal thickness. Our results suggest using layer thickness ratio (retinal layer thicknesses/total retinal thickness) rather than absolute thickness values when comparing retinal layer thicknesses across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Banghart
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyungmoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Bahrainian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristen Staggers
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amitha Domalpally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Benjamin J Frankfort
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elliott H Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Abramoff
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Roomasa Channa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Melles RB, Marmor MF. Rapid Macular Thinning is an Early Indicator of Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1004-1013. [PMID: 35568277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate rapid macular thinning as an early and objective sign of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy. DESIGN Retrospective case cohort. SUBJECTS Cohort of 301 long-term HCQ therapy patients at Kaiser Permanente Northern California who had a minimum of four optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies which included Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinal thickness values over a minimum interval of four years. METHODS Creation of sequential retinal thickness plots to show the rate of change in macular thickness within ETDRS regions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 1) Identification of rapid macular thinning, 2) Comparison of patients with rapid thinning to those with stable macular thickness, and 3) Comparison of rapid thinning patients with and without conventional OCT or 10-2 visual field signs of HCQ toxicity. RESULTS Retina thinning in 219 stable patients on long-term HCQ therapy averaged 0.62 ± 0.45 (mean ± standard deviation) microns per year, while 82 patients showed a period of relatively linear rapid thinning with a loss of 3.75 ± 1.34 microns per year. Of the patients with rapid thinning, 38 eventually developed conventional OCT or 10-2 visual field signs of HCQ retinal toxicity. The cumulative retinal thinning in these patients was 25.1 ± 6.2 microns compared to 15.7 ± 4.0 microns in those without conventional toxicity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Retinal thickness remains stable for many years in most patients on long-term HCQ therapy, but after a critical point the retina may begin to thin rapidly. Sequential plots of inner and outer ETDRS ring macular thickness provide objective evidence of this early structural change several years before conventional signs appear. This approach can alert patients and prescribing physicians to potential retinal damage and uses readily available OCT measurements that could be automated by manufacturers for use in comprehensive eyecare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Melles
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
| | - Michael F Marmor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford Medical Center
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Abstract
The retinal and the choroidal thickness were measured at four locations along the horizontal direction (foveola, one nasal to the fovea and two temporal) in a group of 43 young adults (mean age: 27.1 ± 3.9 years), with ocular refraction ranging from emmetropia to high myopia (0 to −10D). Thickness values were obtained from OCT images centered at the foveal depression. The retinal thickness exhibited a correlation with refraction at all eccentricities but not at the fovea. When different subgroups of refraction were considered, the analysis of such correlations indicated that only the retinal thickness in the group of high myopia (refraction ≤ −6D) was statistically different from the other two groups (emmetropes: [−0.5, 0] D, and myopes: (−6, −0.5) D). No significant differences were found between emmetropic and myopic groups. In contrast to the retina, the choroidal thickness exhibited a significant correlation with refraction at the fovea, although such dependency only stood for high myopes (the choroid of myopes and emmetropes exhibited similar thickness). Correlation with refraction was also found at the nasal location, arising between emmetropic and high myopia groups. Other choroidal locations among groups did not exhibit relationship with the refraction. It is concluded that the differences in the choroid and retina thickness along the horizontal meridian as a function of refraction do not characterize the onset and progression of myopia at early stages, since they only manifest in the group of high myopia.
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Tsuboi K, You QS, Guo Y, Wang J, Flaxel CJ, Bailey ST, Huang D, Jia Y, Hwang TS. Association Between Fluid Volume in Inner Nuclear Layer and Visual Acuity in Diabetic Macular Edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 237:164-172. [PMID: 34942107 PMCID: PMC9035073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In diabetic macular edema (DME), the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) is weak. We hypothesize that fluid volume (FV) in the inner nuclear layer (INL) may correlate more strongly with VA. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS One eye each of diabetic patients with DME was included. We measured intraretinal fluid volume that was detected by automated fluid detection algorithm on 3- × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiogram volume scans. The detected fluid was subdivided into inner FV, bounded by the INL, and outer FV, the fluid between the outer border of INL to the ellipsoid zone. RESULTS We enrolled 125 patients with DME (60 women; mean age, 61 years). The mean detected inner FV was 0.013 mm3 in 109 eyes (87%). The mean detected outer FV was 0.042 mm3 in 124 eyes (99%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the VA significantly correlated with the inner FV (P < .0001), whole macular FV (P = .010), and CST (P = .036). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the inner FV was the only significant factor (β = -0.41, P = .004). These correlations were consistent when the treatment-naïve group (n = 33) and the eyes without previous laser treatments (n = 93) were analyzed separately. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of inner FV for VA of 20/32 or worse was significantly higher than that for CST (0.66 vs 0.54, P = .018). CONCLUSIONS The inner FV has a stronger association with VA than other OCT biomarkers in DME and may be more clinically useful.
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Zouache MA. Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:778404. [PMID: 35283756 PMCID: PMC8914054 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.778404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a broad range of visual impairments that can have dramatic consequences on the quality of life of those impacted. These changes are driven by a complex series of alterations affecting interactions between multiple cellular and extracellular elements. The resilience of many of these interactions may be key to minimal loss of visual function in aging; yet many of them remain poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the relation between retinal neurons and their respective mass transport systems. These metabolite delivery systems include the retinal vasculature, which lies within the inner portion of the retina, and the choroidal vasculature located externally to the retinal tissue. A framework for investigation is proposed and applied to identify the structures and processes determining retinal mass transport at the cellular and tissue levels. Spatial variability in the structure of the retina and changes observed in aging are then harnessed to explore the relation between variations in neuron populations and those seen among retinal metabolite delivery systems. Existing data demonstrate that the relation between inner retinal neurons and their mass transport systems is different in nature from that observed between the outer retina and choroid. The most prominent structural changes observed across the eye and in aging are seen in Bruch’s membrane, which forms a selective barrier to mass transfers at the interface between the choroidal vasculature and the outer retina.
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Maloca PM, Seeger C, Booler H, Valmaggia P, Kawamoto K, Kaba Q, Inglin N, Balaskas K, Egan C, Tufail A, Scholl HPN, Hasler PW, Denk N. Uncovering of intraspecies macular heterogeneity in cynomolgus monkeys using hybrid machine learning optical coherence tomography image segmentation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20647. [PMID: 34667265 PMCID: PMC8526684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fovea is a depression in the center of the macula and is the site of the highest visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has contributed considerably in elucidating the pathologic changes in the fovea and is now being considered as an accompanying imaging method in drug development, such as antivascular endothelial growth factor and its safety profiling. Because animal numbers are limited in preclinical studies and automatized image evaluation tools have not yet been routinely employed, essential reference data describing the morphologic variations in macular thickness in laboratory cynomolgus monkeys are sparse to nonexistent. A hybrid machine learning algorithm was applied for automated OCT image processing and measurements of central retina thickness and surface area values. Morphological variations and the effects of sex and geographical origin were determined. Based on our findings, the fovea parameters are specific to the geographic origin. Despite morphological similarities among cynomolgus monkeys, considerable variations in the foveolar contour, even within the same species but from different geographic origins, were found. The results of the reference database show that not only the entire retinal thickness, but also the macular subfields, should be considered when designing preclinical studies and in the interpretation of foveal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Maloca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Christine Seeger
- Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Booler
- Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Valmaggia
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kawamoto
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Qayim Kaba
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Nadja Inglin
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal W Hasler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Denk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Preclinical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Etheridge T, Liu Z, Nalbandyan M, Cleland S, Blodi BA, Mares JA, Bailey S, Wallace R, Gehrs K, Tinker LF, Gangnon R, Domalpally A. Association of Macular Thickness With Age and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (CAREDS2), An Ancillary Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:39. [PMID: 34003924 PMCID: PMC7910637 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the relationship of retinal layer thickness with age and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2. Methods Total retinal thickness within the macular area, and individual layer thickness was determined for CAREDS2 participants (n = 906 eyes, 473 women) from the Women's Health Initiative using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography (OCT). Mean measurements within the OCT grid were compared across age tertiles (69–78, 78–83, and 83–101 years) and AMD outcomes. Results Mean retinal thickness in the central circle, inner ring, and outer ring were 277 ± 34 µm, 326 ± 20 µm, and 282 ± 15 µm, respectively. Thickness did not vary by age in the central circle, but decreased with age in the inner and outer circles (P ≤ 0.004). Specifically, ganglion cell (GCL), inner plexiform, and outer nuclear (ONL) layer thickness decreased with age (P ≤ 0.003). Age-adjusted retinal thickness in all three circles did not vary by AMD outcomes (486 without AMD and 413 with AMD). However, individual layers showed changes with GCL and photoreceptor thinning and retinal pigment epithelial thicknening in eyes with late AMD. After controlling for age and AMD, higher ONL thickness was associated with better visual acuity. Conclusions In this cohort of older women, a decrease in perifoveal thickness was associated with increasing age, particularly in the inner retinal layers. Variabilty in thickness in AMD eyes was primarily due to outer retinal layers. Among all retinal layers, the ONL plays an important role in preserving visual acuity. Translational Relevance The study provides a deeper understanding of age related changes to the retinal layers and their effect on visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Etheridge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marine Nalbandyan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Spencer Cleland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara A Blodi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven Bailey
- Oregon Health Sciences University Casey Eye Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert Wallace
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karen Gehrs
- University of Iowa, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Cancer Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amitha Domalpally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Li YJ, Liu WS, Bai ZC, Cao RX, Ren HH. Diagnostic performance of OCT and OCTA in less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1915-1921. [PMID: 33344190 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe and characterize imaging features of macular and optic disc areas in less than 60-year-old patients with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to evaluate the diagnostic value of OCT and OCTA. METHODS Totally 15 patients (23 eyes) with early POAG as observation group and 30 health people (30 eyes) as normal control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. OCTA-based superficial macula vessel density, superficial macula perfusion density, superficial optic disc vessel density, superficial optic disc perfusion density and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)-based macular area thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured in the two groups. Independent t-test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to measure the diagnostic utility. RESULTS Among all the parameters, the optimal diagnostic utility parameter was the superficial vessel density in the macular area (except the center of the macula), and the AUROC reached 0.98. The diagnostic utility of macular area perfusion density (except the center of the macula) was similar to that of superficial vessel density in the macular area, and the AUROC was above 0.97. Followed by the diagnostic utility of vessel density in the optic disc area, the best parameter was the inner ring of the vessel density, and its AUROC reached 0.97. The diagnostic utility of perfusion density in the optic disc area was slightly lower than that of vessel density in the optic disc area. The best parameter was the central optic disc perfusion density, and its AUROC was 0.95. The SD-OCT-based diagnostic utility parameters were generally lower than that mentioned above, the top three parameters were the inferior RNFL thickness (AUROC=0.919), the superior (AUROC=0.919) and the inferior GCC thickness (AUROC=0.9077). CONCLUSION The OCT-based diagnostic utility parameters are generally lower than the OCTA-based diagnostic utility parameters. OCTA has an important clinical application value in diagnosis and evaluation for less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Shai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Chao Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Rong-Xia Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Hua Ren
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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23
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Zouache MA, Bennion A, Hageman JL, Pappas C, Richards BT, Hageman GS. Macular retinal thickness differs markedly in age-related macular degeneration driven by risk polymorphisms on chromosomes 1 and 10. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21093. [PMID: 33273512 PMCID: PMC7713215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two most common genetic contributors to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, are variants associated with CFH-CFHR5 on chromosome 1 (Chr1) and ARMS2/HTRA1 on chromosome 10 (Chr10). We sought to determine if risk and protective variants associated with these two loci drive differences in macular retinal thickness prior and subsequent to the onset of clinically observable signs of AMD. We considered 299 individuals (547 eyes) homozygous for risk variants or haplotypes on Chr1 or Chr10 exclusively (Chr1-risk and Chr10-risk, respectively) or homozygous for a neutral haplotype (Chr1-neu), for the protective I62 tagged haplotype (Chr1-prot-I62) or for the protection conferring CFHR1/3 deletion haplotype (Chr1-prot-del) on Chr1 without any risk alleles on Chr10. Among eyes with no clinically observable signs of AMD, the deletion of CFHR1/3, which is strongly protective against this disease, is associated with significantly thicker retinas in the perifovea. When controlling for age, Chr10-risk eyes with early or intermediate AMD have thinner retinas as compared to eyes from the Chr1-risk group with similar disease severity. Our analysis indicates that this difference likely results from distinct biological and disease initiation and progression events associated with Chr1- and Chr10-directed AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa A Zouache
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA.
| | - Alex Bennion
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA
| | - Jill L Hageman
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA
| | - Christian Pappas
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA
| | - Burt T Richards
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- Steele Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA.
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Kaye R, Chandra S, Sheth J, Boon CJF, Sivaprasad S, Lotery A. Central serous chorioretinopathy: An update on risk factors, pathophysiology and imaging modalities. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100865. [PMID: 32407978 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common form of vision loss, typically seen in working-age men. The pathophysiology behind CSC still eludes us, however significant advances have been made in understanding this disease over the last decade using information from genetic and cell-based studies and imaging modalities. This review aims to give an overview of the current pathophysiology hypotheses surrounding CSC in addition to future directions in cellular work from human induced pluripotent stem cell derived choroidal endothelial cells from CSC patients. Furthermore, this review will provide the reader with an update on the clinical aspects of CSC including risk factors, diagnostic challenges and findings from multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kaye
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Shruti Chandra
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, 162, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Sheth
- Surya Eye Institute and Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Ophthalmology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, 162, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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25
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Normative Database for All Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT Posterior Pole Algorithm and the Effects of Age, Gender and Axial Lenght. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103317. [PMID: 33076558 PMCID: PMC7602827 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to provide, for the first time, reference thickness values for the SD-OCT posterior pole algorithm (PPA) available for Spectralis OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and to analyze the correlations with age, gender and axial length. We recruited 300 eyes of 300 healthy Caucasian subjects between 18 and 84 years. By PPA, composed of 64 (8 × 8) cells, we analyzed the thickness of the following macular layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retina, outer retina and full retina. Mean ± SD, 1st, 5th, 95th percentiles were obtained for each cell at all macular layers. Significant negative correlations were found between age and thickness for most macular layers. The mean thickness of most macular layers was thicker for men than women, except for RNFL, OPL and RPE, with no gender differences. GCL, IPL and INL thicknesses positively correlated with axial length in central cells, and negatively in the cells near the optic disk. The mean RNFL thickness was positively associated with axial length. This is the first normative database for PPA. Age, gender and axial length should be taken into account when interpreting PPA results.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize functional and structural changes in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity after drug cessation. METHODS Twenty-two patients (91% female; mean age 58.7 ± 11.4 years; mean duration of HCQ treatment 161.1 ± 90 months; mean dose 5.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg) with detected HCQ retinopathy were monitored for 6 months to 82 months after HCQ cessation with multimodal imaging including spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging at 488 nm (standard) and 787 nm (near-infrared autofluorescence). Tests of visual function including visual acuity, Humphrey visual field testing, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were performed. Study eyes were categorized into four separate severity stages by qualitative grading of spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular scans taken at the time of HCQ cessation. Changes in outcome measures between drug cessation and last follow-up visit were computed and compared between eyes of different severity stages. RESULTS Study eyes (n = 44) were categorized based on optical coherence tomography criteria into: Stage 1 (subtle changes confined to parafoveal region; n = 14), Stage 2 (clear localized changes in parafovea; n = 17), Stage 3 (extensive parafoveal changes; n = 7), and Stage 4 (foveal involvement, n = 6). Visual acuity measurements across follow-up were stable in Stage 1 and Stage 2 eyes but decreased significantly in Stage 3 and 4 eyes. Humphrey visual field measures were also stable in stages 1 and 2 but deteriorated in Stage 3 eyes. mfERG testing demonstrated significant improvement in the R1/R2 ratio after HCQ cessation in Stage 1 eyes (mean change = -0.86 ± 0.79, P = 0.03) but did not change significantly in eyes of higher stages. Decreases in macular thickness in ≥1 of 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields on spectral domain optical coherence tomography were found in eyes of all stages, with Stage 2 eyes demonstrating thinning in most subfields (eight of nine subfields). In eyes with a measurable central foveal ellipsoid zone band island (9 of 17 Stage 2 eyes and 7 of 7 Stage 3 eyes), progressive decrease in the foveal ellipsoid zone band length was observed in 6 of 9 (67%) Stage 2 eyes and 6 of 7 (86%) Stage 3 eyes. Changes indicative of progressing retinopathy were detected in 17% of Stage 1 eyes, 46% of Stage 2 eyes, and 43% of Stage 3 eyes on standard fundus autofluorescence imaging, and in 17% of Stage 1 eyes, 38% of Stage 2 eyes, and 14% of Stage 3 eyes on near-infrared autofluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION Eyes with detected HCQ retinopathy do not demonstrate general stability in retinal structure and function after HCQ cessation but instead demonstrate a range of changes during follow-up whose magnitudes correlate with retinopathy severity at the time of cessation. After cessation, eyes with only subtle and localized retinopathy were mostly stable and may show some functional improvement, whereas more severely affected eyes continued to progress. These findings provide evidence that early detection and prompt cessation in HCQ retinopathy may be needed to arrest retinopathy progression and to optimize long-term outcomes.
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Association between Macular Thickness Profiles and Visual Function in Healthy Eyes: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6142. [PMID: 32273540 PMCID: PMC7145798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured retinal layer thickness parameters with clinical and patient-centred visual outcomes in healthy eyes. Participants aged 40 and above were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study, a multi-ethnic population-based study. Average macular, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and outer retinal thickness parameters were obtained using the Cirrus High Definition-OCT. Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and 11-item visual functioning questionnaire (VF-11) were performed. Associations between macular thickness parameters, with BCVA and Rasch-transformed VF-11 scores (in logits) were assessed using multivariable linear regression models with generalized estimating equations, adjusted for relevant confounders. 4,540 subjects (7,744 eyes) with a mean age of 58.8 ± 8.6 years were included. The mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.10 ± 0.11 and mean VF-11 score was 5.20 ± 1.29. In multivariable regression analysis, thicker macula (per 20 µm; β = −0.009) and GCIPL (per 20 µm; β = −0.031) were associated with better BCVA (all p ≤ 0.001), while thicker macula (per 20 µm; β = 0.04) and GCIPL (per 20 µm, β = 0.05) were significantly associated with higher VF-11 scores (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, among healthy Asian eyes, thicker macula and GCIPL were associated with better vision and self-reported visual functioning. These findings provide further understanding on the potential influence of macular thickness on visual function.
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Motamedi S, Gawlik K, Ayadi N, Zimmermann HG, Asseyer S, Bereuter C, Mikolajczak J, Paul F, Kadas EM, Brandt AU. Normative Data and Minimally Detectable Change for Inner Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using a Semi-automated OCT Image Segmentation Pipeline. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1117. [PMID: 31824393 PMCID: PMC6886563 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases regularly cause optic nerve and retinal damage. Evaluating retinal changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diseases like multiple sclerosis has thus become increasingly relevant. However, intraretinal segmentation, a necessary step for interpreting retinal changes in the context of these diseases, is not standardized and often requires manual correction. Here we present a semi-automatic intraretinal layer segmentation pipeline and establish normative values for retinal layer thicknesses at the macula, including dependencies on age, sex, and refractive error. Spectral domain OCT macular 3D volume scans were obtained from healthy participants using a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis OCT. A semi-automated segmentation tool (SAMIRIX) based on an interchangeable third-party segmentation algorithm was developed and employed for segmentation, correction, and thickness computation of intraretinal layers. Normative data is reported from a 6 mm Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) circle around the fovea. An interactive toolbox for the normative database allows surveying for additional normative data. We cross-sectionally evaluated data from 218 healthy volunteers (144 females/74 males, age 36.5 ± 12.3 years, range 18-69 years). Average macular thickness (MT) was 313.70 ± 12.02 μm, macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFL) 39.53 ± 3.57 μm, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL) 70.81 ± 4.87 μm, and inner nuclear layer thickness (INL) 35.93 ± 2.34 μm. All retinal layer thicknesses decreased with age. MT and GCIPL were associated with sex, with males showing higher thicknesses. Layer thicknesses were also positively associated with each other. Repeated-measurement reliability for the manual correction of automatic intraretinal segmentation results was excellent, with an intra-class correlation coefficient >0.99 for all layers. The SAMIRIX toolbox can simplify intraretinal segmentation in research applications, and the normative data application may serve as an expandable reference for studies, in which normative data cannot be otherwise obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedamirhosein Motamedi
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Gawlik
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noah Ayadi
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna G Zimmermann
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Asseyer
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bereuter
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Mikolajczak
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ella Maria Kadas
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Ulrich Brandt
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Brandl C, Brücklmayer C, Günther F, Zimmermann ME, Küchenhoff H, Helbig H, Weber BHF, Heid IM, Stark KJ. Retinal Layer Thicknesses in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results From the German AugUR Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1581-1594. [PMID: 30995315 PMCID: PMC6892378 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically analyze thicknesses of retinal layers in an older population and their link to early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods In the AugUR baseline survey from a population aged ≥70 years, we conducted multimodal retinal imaging, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Autosegmentation of eight distinct retinal layers was followed by manual correction of segmentation errors. AMD status was graded on color fundus images according to the Three Continent AMD Consortium Severity Scale. We tested the association of early AMD on retinal layer thicknesses by using linear mixed models and replicated significant results in independent data also from the AugUR platform. Results When comparing layer thicknesses between early AMD and no AMD (822 eyes, 449 participants), the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane complex demonstrated a statistically significant thickening (e.g., P = 6.41 × 10−92 for severe early versus no AMD) and photoreceptor layers showed a significant thinning. Autosegmented retinal layer thicknesses revealed similar associations as manually corrected values but underestimated some effects. Independent replication analysis in 1026 eyes (546 participants) confirmed associations (e.g., P = 9.38 × 10−36 for retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane complex, severe early versus no AMD). Conclusions This first population-based study on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-derived retinal layer thicknesses in a total of ∼1000 individuals provides insights into the reliability of autosegmentation and layer-specific reference values for an older population. Our findings show a difference in thicknesses between early AMD and no AMD for some retinal layers, suggesting these as potential imaging biomarkers. The thinning of photoreceptor layers substantiates a photoreceptor cell loss/damage already occurring in early AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Günther
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Helbig
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Mauschitz MM, Holz FG, Finger RP, Breteler MMB. Determinants of Macular Layers and Optic Disc Characteristics on SD-OCT: The Rhineland Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:34. [PMID: 31183250 PMCID: PMC6549562 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate variation and determinants of macular layers, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) in the general population. Methods In 1306 participants, we performed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans of the macula, pRNFL, and BMO-MRW, and assessed their determinants using multivariable regression. Intraindividual interocular differences were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Results Participant age ranged from 30 to 95 years (mean ± standard deviation, 56.1 ± 13.9) and 56% were women. Interocular correlation ranged from 0.63 to 0.93. Differences increased with age and were larger in persons with glaucoma or prior stroke. pRNFL and BMO-MRW decreased with increasing age. Except for RNFL, volumes of various inner macular layers and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) decreased with increasing age, more negative spherical equivalent (SE), and were lower in women compared to men. For some layers, age effects amplified over the life course. History of stroke was associated with smaller volumes of various layers, without reaching statistical significance. We found no association of further systemic parameters with any SD-OCT parameter. Conclusions We provide large-scale normative data from a Caucasian general population for various SD-OCT measures. Interocular variability increased with age and specific pathology. Factors, such as age, sex, refraction, and a history of stroke, were associated with various retinal assessments. Translational Relevance In clinical routine, our findings should be considered on a per eye basis when interpreting SD-OCT volumes, pRNFL, or BMO-MRW to avoid confounded results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Mauschitz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Hou H, Moghimi S, Zangwill LM, Shoji T, Ghahari E, Penteado RC, Akagi T, Manalastas PIC, Weinreb RN. Macula Vessel Density and Thickness in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 199:120-132. [PMID: 30496723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize and compare the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and macula vessel density in preperimetric and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Fifty-seven healthy, 68 preperimetric, and 162 early POAG eyes enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)-based superficial macula vessel density and OCT-based GCC thickness were evaluated simultaneously. Percent loss from normal of GCC thickness and macula vessel density was compared. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to describe the diagnostic utility. RESULTS Both GCC thickness and vessel density were significantly lower in preperimetric and early POAG eyes compared to healthy eyes. Compared to the preperimetric POAG group, the early POAG group showed larger GCC thickness percent loss (whole image 4.72% vs 9.86%; all P < .01) but similar vessel density percent loss (whole image 4.97% vs 6.93%; all P > .05). In preperimetric POAG, GCC thickness and vessel density percent losses were similar (all P > .1). In contrast, in early POAG, GCC thickness percent loss was larger than that of vessel density (all P ≤ .001). To discriminate preperimetric or early glaucoma eyes from healthy eyes, GCC thickness and macula vessel density showed similar diagnostic accuracy (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Both GCC thinning and macula vessel density dropout were detectable in preperimetric and early POAG eyes. GCC loss was greater than macula vessel density loss in early perimetric POAG. However, OCT-A and OCT measurements showed similar efficiency to detect early glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Hou
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takuhei Shoji
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Elham Ghahari
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rafaella C Penteado
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tadamichi Akagi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patricia Isabel C Manalastas
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
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32
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Ka AM, Diagne JP, Wane AM, De Medeiros ME, Sow AS, Sow S, Sy EM, Diallo HM, Kane H, Ndiaye JM, Nguer M, Diarra MK, Ba EA, Ndoye Roth PA, Ndiaye PA. [Evaluation of mean macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) in black Senegalese subjects]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:170-176. [PMID: 30683536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to evaluate the normal macular thickness in Blacks by OCT and to determine socio-demographic and clinical parameters which may influence it. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, descriptive study over 6 months. It included Black adults followed in the ophthalmology departments of Abass Ndao and Aristide-Le-Dantec hospitals in Dakar. Included subjects had corrected visual acuity of 10/10 (0 logMAR) and P2 (+0.1 logMAR), clear ocular media, and no retinal abnormalities. We used the Topcon 3D 2000 OCT to measure the central thicknesses of the cornea (CT) and of the macula (MT), and cup to disc ratio (C/D) in each eye. Socio-demographic, clinical and tomographic data were collected on a survey form and correlated to the MT. The analysis was carried out by the Epi info 7 software. We used the Chi2 comparison test with a P value˂0.05. RESULTS One hundred and nine patients were included. The mean age was 27.39 years with a male/female ratio of 0.65. The subjects were emmetropic in 54.13% of cases. The mean CT was 519.97μm, the mean C/D was 0.23, and the mean MT was 264.35μm. The P-value (P) was greater than or equal to 0.1 for all the factors studied. CONCLUSION MT in our study was lower than that of Whites, and the various parameters studied did not demonstrate a statistically significant influence on MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ka
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.
| | - J-P Diagne
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - A M Wane
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital des enfants, Diamniadio, Sénégal
| | - M E De Medeiros
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - A S Sow
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - S Sow
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - E M Sy
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - H M Diallo
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - H Kane
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - J M Ndiaye
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M Nguer
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M K Diarra
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - E A Ba
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndoye Roth
- Service d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital A.-Le-Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndiaye
- Centre d'ophtalmologie de l'hôpital Abass Ndao, 45831 Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
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Kang DH, Lee SH. The Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Separated Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2019.60.12.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Gender variation in central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:1703-1709. [PMID: 29988073 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of presentation and outcomes of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) between male and female subjects in different ethnic populations. METHODS Retrospective comparison between male and female subjects with CSC was completed. Demographic details, clinical presentations, imaging features and treatment outcomes were compared at baseline and at last follow-up. RESULTS This study included 155 male and 155 female subjects with a mean (CSD) age of 43.8 ± 10.3 and 57.0 ± 12.1 years, respectively, and a mean duration of follow-up of 8.49 ± 12.6 months. At presentation, there was no difference in visual acuity; however, visual acuity was significantly higher for female subjects at last follow-up (p = 0.02). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis showed that subretinal deposits (p < 0.001), hyperreflective foci (p = 0.001), retinal pigment epithelial detachment (p = 0.01) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) irregularities (p = 0.03) were higher in male subjects at presentation. Angiographic analysis showed that diffuse leakage and RPE tracts were common in males (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). No significant differences in choroidal dilatation or diffuse choroidal leakages were noted. CONCLUSIONS Female subjects with CSC appear to have better outcomes, with less chances of diffuse RPE damage and other OCT features compared to males.
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Qiu K, Wang G, Zhang R, Lu X, Zhang M, Jansonius NM. Influence of optic disc-fovea distance on macular thickness measurements with OCT in healthy myopic eyes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5233. [PMID: 29588514 PMCID: PMC5869586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of macular thickness is important in the evaluation of various eye diseases. This study aimed to determine the influence of the optic disc-fovea distance (DFD) on macular thickness in myopic eyes. We determined the DFD and the macular thickness in 138 eyes from 138 healthy myopic subjects using the Cirrus HD-OCT. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed to determine the influence of DFD, axial length, disc area, and β-PPA on macular thickness. To further remove the confounding effect of ocular magnification on the DFD and OCT scan area, a subgroup analysis was performed in eyes with a limited axial length range (24-25 mm). DFD was significantly correlated with both regional (central, inner, and outer ETDRS subfields) and overall average macular thickness at a Bonferroni corrected P value of 0.004 (r ranging from -0.27 to -0.47), except for the temporal outer (r = -0.15, P = 0.089) and inferior outer (r = -0.22, P = 0.011) macular thickness. In the multivariable analysis, DFD was significantly associated with the average inner and outer macular thickness, the central subfield thickness, and the overall macular thickness (all P < 0.001), independent of ocular magnification and other covariates. Our findings indicate that eyes with a greater DFD have a lower macular thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Lu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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De Clerck EE, Schouten JS, Berendschot TT, Goezinne F, Dagnelie PC, Schaper NC, Schram MT, Stehouwer CD, Webers CA. Macular thinning in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy: the Maastricht Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:174-182. [PMID: 29090852 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess macular thinning in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM2 w/o DR) compared with individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM). METHODS Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), we measured macular thickness in six subfields as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) in 1838 participants from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (mean age 59 ± 8 years, 49% men, 1087 NGM, 279 prediabetes, 472 DM2 w/o DR). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between macular thickness and glucose metabolism status. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex and spherical equivalent, individuals with prediabetes showed a significant decrease in pericentral superior macular thickness [β = -2.14 μm (95% confidence interval (CI): -4.24 to -0.03), p < 0.05] compared with individuals with NGM. In individuals with DM2 w/o DR, the fovea [β = -4.05 μm (95% CI: -6.30 to -1.79), p < 0.001] and the four pericentral quadrants (range: β = -4.64 to -5.29 μm, p < 0.001) were significantly thinner compared with individuals with NGM. There was a significant linear trend of macular thinning with severity of glucose metabolism status in five subfields (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Macular thickness is reduced in prediabetes and a greater reduction occurs in DM2, even before DR is clinically present. About half of the thinning observed in DM2 w/o DR was already found in prediabetes. Generalized thinning of the macula could be related to thinning of the temporal side of the optic nerve head through the connecting papillo-macular bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E.B. De Clerck
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jan S.A.G. Schouten
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Tos T.J.M. Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Goezinne
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. Dagnelie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM); Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI); Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C. Schaper
- Department of Epidemiology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI); Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Miranda T. Schram
- Department of Epidemiology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Coen D.A. Stehouwer
- Department of Epidemiology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI); Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A.B. Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht The Netherlands
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Invernizzi A, Pellegrini M, Acquistapace A, Benatti E, Erba S, Cozzi M, Cigada M, Viola F, Gillies M, Staurenghi G. Normative Data for Retinal-Layer Thickness Maps Generated by Spectral-Domain OCT in a White Population. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 2:808-815.e1. [PMID: 31047534 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To collect a dataset of normative Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) thickness map values for single retinal layers automatically segmented by Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in a healthy white population. (2) To test the effect of age, sex, and axial length (AXL) on such values. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Healthy adult emmetropic white subjects with no history of ongoing or past conditions known to affect retinal anatomy. METHODS SD-OCT scans (30 × 25-degree volume) centered on the fovea were collected. Retinal-layer automatic segmentation was performed. Mean thickness values of 9 ETDRS sectors were calculated for each layer in 1 eye from each subject. The effect of age, sex, and AXL on the thickness of the central subfield, inner ring (IR), and outer ring (OR) of the ETDRS grid was tested. Scans were performed twice on a subset of patients to assess the repeatability of measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Retinal-layer thickness. RESULTS Two hundred eyes from 200 subjects (110 females, mean age 39.9±13.9 years [range 20-74 years]) were used for this study. The mean AXL was 24.30±1.07 mm (range 22.23-27.14 mm). Full retinal thickness was higher in males regardless of the subfield (all P < 0.05). Ganglion cell layer thickness correlated positively with AXL in the C (P = 0.02) but negatively in the OR (P = 0.0001). The inner plexiform layer was thicker in males in the IR (P = 0.01) and thinner in longer eyes in the OR (P = 0.002). The inner nuclear layer was thicker in males in the C and the IR (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0009, respectively). The outer plexiform layer thickness did not change with age and gender but correlated positively with AXL in the C (P = 0.009). Males had thicker outer nuclear layers in all subfields (all P < 0.05). The thickness of the nerve fiber layer and retinal pigment epithelium was not affected by the studied variables in any subfield. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.872 for the outer plexiform layer to 0.990 for the retinal nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSIONS The thickness values of each retinal layer in a large white population are provided. The thickness of retinal layers is influenced by gender, sex, and AXL, with a variable extent depending on the analyzed ETDRS map ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Invernizzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Acquistapace
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Benatti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Ophthalmological Unit, IRCCS-Cà Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Erba
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Cozzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cigada
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Viola
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Ophthalmological Unit, IRCCS-Cà Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Quantification of Macular Vascular Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Its Relationship with Retinal Thickness in Myopic Eyes of Young Adults. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:1397179. [PMID: 29318037 PMCID: PMC5727759 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1397179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify macular vascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate its relationship with retinal thickness in myopic eyes of young adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 268 myopic eyes without pathological changes were recruited and divided into three groups: mild myopia (n = 81), moderate myopia (n = 117), and high myopia (n = 70). Macular vascular density was quantified by OCTA and compared among three groups. Average retinal thickness, central subfield thickness, and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness were also evaluated and compared. Correlations among these variables were analyzed. Results There was no statistical difference in superficial (62.3 ± 5.7% versus 62.7 ± 5.9% versus 63.8 ± 5.5%) and deep macular vascular densities (58.3 ± 9.6% versus 59.2 ± 9.3% versus 60.9 ± 7.9%) among mild-myopia, moderate-myopia, and high-myopia groups (both P > 0.05). Superficial and deep macular vascular densities both had correlations with mean arterial pressure. Furthermore, superficial macular vascular density was significantly correlated with mGCC thickness. Conclusions Varying degrees of myopia did not affect macular vascular density in young healthy adults. In addition, superficial macular vascular density, as an independent factor, was positively correlated with mGCC thickness.
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