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Afsheen S, Rehman AS, Jamal A, Khan N, Parvez S. Understanding role of pesticides in development of Parkinson's disease: Insights from Drosophila and rodent models. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102340. [PMID: 38759892 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative illness linked to ageing, marked by the gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The exact aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains uncertain, with genetic predisposition and environmental variables playing significant roles in the disease's frequency. Epidemiological data indicates a possible connection between pesticide exposure and brain degeneration. Specific pesticides have been associated with important characteristics of Parkinson's disease, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein aggregation, which are crucial for the advancement of the disease. Recently, many animal models have been developed for Parkinson's disease study. Although these models do not perfectly replicate the disease's pathology, they provide valuable insights that improve our understanding of the condition and the limitations of current treatment methods. Drosophila, in particular, has been useful in studying Parkinson's disease induced by toxins or genetic factors. The review thoroughly analyses many animal models utilised in Parkinson's research, with an emphasis on issues including pesticides, genetic and epigenetic changes, proteasome failure, oxidative damage, α-synuclein inoculation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The text highlights the important impact of pesticides on the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) and stresses the need for more research on genetic and mechanistic alterations linked to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Afsheen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahmed Shaney Rehman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Vasileva F, Hristovski R, Font-Lladó R, Georgiev G, Sacot A, López-Ros V, Calleja-González J, Barretina-Ginesta J, López-Bermejo A, Prats-Puig A. Physical Exercise-Induced DNA Methylation in Disease-Related Genes in Healthy Adults-A Systematic Review With Bioinformatic Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:384-393. [PMID: 38088908 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vasileva, F, Hristovski, R, Font-Lladó, R, Georgiev, G, Sacot, A, López-Ros, V, Calleja-González, J, Barretina-Ginesta, J, López-Bermejo, A, and Prats-Puig, A. Physical exercise-induced DNA methylation in disease-related genes in healthy adults-A systematic review with bioinformatic analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 384-393, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature regarding physical exercise (PE) and DNA methylation (DNAm) in healthy adults. Specific goals were to (a) identify differently methylated genes (DMGs) after PE intervention, their imprinting status, chromosome and genomic location, function, and related diseases; and (b) to screen for core genes and identify methylation changes of the core genes that can be modified by PE intervention. Our search identified 2,869 articles from which 8 were finally included. We identified 1851 DMGs ( p < 0.05) after PE intervention, although 45 of them were imprinted. Aerobic exercise (AE) seems to induce more DNA hypermethylation rather than hypomethylation, whereas anaerobic exercise (AN) seems to induce more DNA hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Aerobic exercise induced highest % of methylation changes on chromosome 6, whereas AN and mixed type (MT) on chromosome 1. Mixed type induced higher % of methylation changes close to transcription start site in comparison to AE and AN. After PE intervention, DMGs were mainly involved in fat metabolism, cell growth, and neuronal differentiation, whereas diseases regulated by those genes were mainly chronic diseases (metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative). Finally, 19 core genes were identified among DMGs, all related to protein metabolism. In conclusion, our findings may shed some light on the mechanisms explaining PE-induced health benefits such as the potential role that PE-induced DNAm may have in disease prevention and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidanka Vasileva
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Raquel Font-Lladó
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Georgi Georgiev
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Arnau Sacot
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Basquet Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor López-Ros
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Chair of Sport and Physical Education-Centre of Olympic Studies, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Girona Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Chang G, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang C, Liu X. Mediation effect of JAK2 methylation on the association between sitting time and abdominal obesity in rural adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1093-1099. [PMID: 37582927 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting time may affect health by altering the methylation of certain genes. This research aimed to estimate the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity and the role of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) methylation in the association among rural adults. METHODS A total of 1062 rural adults from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included. Whole blood was used to extract genomic DNA. JAK2 DNA methylation level was assessed by MethylTargetTM. The logistic regression model was utilized to assess the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity, and the possible effect of JAK2 DNA methylation on the association were conducted by using mediation analyses. RESULTS Average time of sitting of participants was 7.28 ± 3.37 h/d. For per 1 h increment in sitting time, the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of abdominal obesity was 1.153 (1.095, 1.214) after controlling potential risk factors. Simultaneously, the methylation levels of Chr9: 4985407 site and Chr9: 4985238-4985455 region were negatively correlated with abdominal obesity (OR: 0.549, 95% CI: 0.394, 0.765; OR: 0.189, 95% CI: 0.056, 0.640, respectively). Moreover, Chr9: 4985407 site and Chr9: 4985238-4985455 region methylation levels mediated the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity, and the indirect effects account for 6.78% and 4.24%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Longer sitting time was positively correlated with abdominal obesity in the rural population, and methylation level of JAK2 may be an underlying mediation of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Liu SJ, Cai TH, Fang CL, Lin SZ, Yang WQ, Wei Y, Zhou F, Liu L, Luo Y, Guo ZY, Zhao G, Li YP, Li LM. Long-term exercise training down-regulates m 6A RNA demethylase FTO expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus: an effective intervention for epigenetic modification. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 36163017 PMCID: PMC9513931 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise boosts the health of some brain parts, such as the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Several studies show that long-term exercise improves spatial learning and memory, enhances hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, and regulates energy balance. However, the effect of exercise on the hippocampus and hypothalamus is not fully understood. The study aimed to find epigenetic modifications or changes in gene expression of the hippocampus and hypothalamus due to exercise. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups. All mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 1 h each day. After the 12-week exercise intervention, the hippocampus and hypothalamus tissue were used for RNA-sequencing or molecular biology experiments. Results In both groups, numerous differentially expressed genes of the hippocampus (up-regulated: 53, down-regulated: 49) and hypothalamus (up-regulated: 24, down-regulated: 40) were observed. In the exercise group, increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) of the hippocampus and hypothalamus were down-regulated in the exercise group (p < 0.001). In addition, the Fto co-expression genes of the mouse brain were studied and analyzed using database to determine the potential roles of exercise-downregulated FTO in the brain. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that long-term exercise might elevates the levels of m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus and hypothalamus via down-regulation of FTO. Hence, exercise might be an effective intervention for epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Hui Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Chun-Lu Fang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Zhang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wen-Qi Yang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Guo
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ming Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yumi Noronha N, da Silva Rodrigues G, Harumi Yonehara Noma I, Fernanda Cunha Brandao C, Pereira Rodrigues K, Colello Bruno A, Sae-Lee C, Moriguchi Watanabe L, Augusta de Souza Pinhel M, Mello Schineider I, Luciano de Almeida M, Barbosa Júnior F, Araújo Morais D, Tavares de Sousa Júnior W, Plösch T, Roberto Bueno Junior C, Barbosa Nonino C. 14-weeks combined exercise epigenetically modulated 118 genes of menopausal women with prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895489. [PMID: 36046788 PMCID: PMC9423096 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-diabetes precedes Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease and is a critical period for hyperglycemia treatment, especially for menopausal women, considering all metabolic alterations due to hormonal changes. Recently, the literature has demonstrated the role of physical exercise in epigenetic reprogramming to modulate the gene expression patterns of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycemia, and prevent DM development. In the present study, we hypothesized that physical exercise training could modify the epigenetic patterns of women with poor glycemic control. METHODS 48 post-menopause women aged 60.3 ± 4.5 years were divided according to their fasting blood glucose levels into two groups: Prediabetes Group, PG (n=24), and Normal Glucose Group, NGG (n=24). All participants performed 14 weeks of physical exercise three times a week. The Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip measured the participants' Different Methylated Regions (DMRs). RESULTS Before the intervention, the PG group had 12 DMRs compared to NGG. After the intervention, five DMRs remained different. Interestingly, when comparing the PG group before and after training, 118 DMRs were found. The enrichment analysis revealed that the genes were related to different biological functions such as energy metabolism, cell differentiation, and tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is a relevant alternative in treating hyperglycemia and preventing DM in post-menopause women with poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Yumi Noronha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues,
| | - Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Cunha Brandao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Minas Gerais State University, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karine Pereira Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Colello Bruno
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital and Clinics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chanachai Sae-Lee
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Déborah Araújo Morais
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wellington Tavares de Sousa Júnior
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Torsten Plösch
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Exercise. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Genetic and epigenetic processes linked to cancer. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu G, Zhang X, Gao F. The epigenetic landscape of exercise in cardiac health and disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:648-659. [PMID: 33333247 PMCID: PMC8724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the concomitant mortality and morbidity impose huge burdens on quality of life and societal costs. It is generally accepted that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease and that exercise benefits the heart in both physiological and pathologic conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the cardioprotective effects exerted by exercise remain incompletely understood. Most recently, an increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the promotion of cardiac health and prevention of cardiac disease. Exercise and other lifestyle factors extensively induce epigenetic modifications, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs in multiple tissues, which may contribute to their positive effects in human health and diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that maternal or paternal exercise prevents age-associated or high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, reinforcing the importance of epigenetics in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been shown that exercise can directly modify cardiac epigenetics to promote cardiac health and protect the heart against various pathological processes, or it can modify epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces the risk of cardiac disease and affords cardioprotection through exerkines. An in-depth understanding of the epigenetic landscape of cardioprotective response to exercise will provide new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. This review, therefore, aimed to acquaint the cardiac community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of exercise and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Wu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Axsom JE, Schmidt HD, Matura LA, Libonati JR. The Influence of Epigenetic Modifications on Metabolic Changes in White Adipose Tissue and Liver and Their Potential Impact in Exercise. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686270. [PMID: 34512374 PMCID: PMC8427663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic marks are responsive to a wide variety of environmental stimuli and serve as important mediators for gene transcription. A number of chromatin modifying enzymes orchestrate epigenetic responses to environmental stimuli, with a growing body of research examining how changes in metabolic substrates or co-factors alter epigenetic modifications. Scope of Review: Here, we provide a systematic review of existing evidence of metabolism-related epigenetic changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver and generate secondary hypotheses on how exercise may impact metabolism-related epigenetic marks in these tissues. Major Conclusions: Epigenetic changes contribute to the complex transcriptional responses associated with WAT lipolysis, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. While these metabolic responses may hypothetically be altered with acute and chronic exercise, direct testing is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie E Axsom
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Smilow Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lea Ann Matura
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph R Libonati
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, Intense Exercise Training as a Healthy Aging Lifestyle Strategy: Preventing DNA Damage, Telomere Shortening and Adverse DNA Methylation Changes Over a Lifetime. Front Genet 2021; 12:652497. [PMID: 34421981 PMCID: PMC8379006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of telomeres, the 5'-TTAGGG n -3' tandem repeats at the ends of mammalian chromosomes, is one of the main indicators of biological age. Telomeres undergo shortening with each cellular division. This subsequently leads to alterations in the expression of several genes that encode vital proteins with critical functions in many tissues throughout the body, and ultimately impacts cardiovascular, immune and muscle physiology. The sub-telomeric DNA is comprised of heavily methylated, heterochromatin. Methylation and histone acetylation are two of the most well-studied examples of the epigenetic modifications that occur on histone proteins. DNA methylation is the type of epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Although diet, genetic predisposition and a healthy lifestyle seem to alter DNA methylation and telomere length (TL), recent evidence suggests that training status or physical fitness are some of the major factors that control DNA structural modifications. In fact, TL is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity level (sedentary, active, moderately trained, or elite) and training intensity, but is shorter in over-trained athletes. Similarly, somatic cells are vulnerable to exercise-induced epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation. Exercise-training load, however, depends on intensity and volume (duration and frequency). Training load-dependent responses in genomic profiles could underpin the discordant physiological and physical responses to exercise. In the current review, we will discuss the role of various forms of exercise training in the regulation of DNA damage, TL and DNA methylation status in humans, to provide an update on the influence exercise training has on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Prince
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education (CEdu), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Sports and Wellness, Department of Students Affairs, College of North Atlantic Qatar (CNAQ), Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kumar Dev P, Gray AJ, Scott-Hamilton J, Hagstrom AD, Murphy A, Denham J. Co-expression analysis identifies networks of miRNAs implicated in biological ageing and modulated by short-term interval training. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111552. [PMID: 34363832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training seems to promote healthy biological ageing partly by inducing telomere maintenance, yet the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ageing and their ability to mirror pathophysiological alterations associated with age-related diseases. We examined the association between aerobic fitness and leukocyte telomere length before determining the influence of vigorous exercise training on the regulation of leukocyte miRNA networks. Telomere length was positively correlated to aerobic fitness (r = 0.32, p = 0.02). 104 miRNAs were differentially expressed after six weeks of thrice-weekly sprint interval training (SIT) in healthy men (q < 0.05). Gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) detected biologically meaningful miRNA networks, five of which were significantly correlated with pre-SIT and post-SIT expression profiles (p < 0.001) and telomere length. Enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response, T cell differentiation and lipid metabolism associated miRNAs clusters were significantly down-regulated after SIT. Using data acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we also identified two co-expressed miRNAs families that were modulated by exercise training in previous investigations. Collectively, our findings highlight the miRNA networks implicated in exercise adaptations and telomere regulation, and suggest that SIT may attenuate biological ageing through the control of the let-7 and miR-320 miRNA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kumar Dev
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, India
| | - Adrian J Gray
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Aron Murphy
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Morse LR, Field-Fote EC, Contreras-Vidal J, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Rodreick M, Shields RK, Sofroniew M, Wudlick R, Zanca JM. Meeting Proceedings for SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1251-1266. [PMID: 33353467 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury (SCI) research community has experienced great advances in discovery research, technology development, and promising clinical interventions in the past decade. To build upon these advances and maximize the benefit to persons with SCI, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference February 12-13, 2019 titled "SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research." The purpose of the conference was to bring together a broad range of stakeholders, including researchers, clinicians and healthcare professionals, persons with SCI, industry partners, regulators, and funding agency representatives to break down existing communication silos. Invited speakers were asked to summarize the state of the science, assess areas of technological and community readiness, and build collaborations that could change the trajectory of research and clinical options for people with SCI. In this report, we summarize the state of the science in each of five key domains and identify the gaps in the scientific literature that need to be addressed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Morse
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edelle C Field-Fote
- Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Contreras-Vidal
- Laboratory for Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interfaces, NSF IUCRC BRAIN, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Wudlick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeanne M Zanca
- Spinal Cord Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Abstract
Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Sousa Neto I, Fontes W, Prestes J, Marqueti R. Impact of paternal exercise on physiological systems in the offspring. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13620. [PMID: 33606364 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of studies have demonstrated that paternal exercise modulates future generations via effects on the sperm epigenome. However, comprehensive information regarding the effects of exercise performed by the father on different tissues and their clinical relevance has not yet been explored in detail. This narrative review is focused on the effects of paternal exercise training on various physiological systems of offspring. A detailed mechanistic understanding of these effects could provide crucial clues for the exercise physiology field and aid the development of therapeutic approaches to mitigate disorders in future generations. Non-coding RNA and DNA methylation are major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to offspring. Resistance and treadmill exercise are the most frequently used modalities of planned and structured exercise in controlled experiments. Paternal exercise orchestrated protective effects over changes in fetus development and placenta inflammatory status. Moreover paternal exercise promoted modifications in the ncRNA profiles, gene and protein expression in the hippocampus, left ventricle, skeletal muscle, tendon, liver and pancreas in the offspring, while the transgenerational effects are unknown. Paternal exercise demonstrates clinical benefits to the offspring and provides a warning on the harmful effects of a paternal unhealthy lifestyle. Exercise in fathers is presented as one of the most logical and cost-effective ways of restoring health in the offspring and, consequently, modifying the phenotype. It is important to consider that paternal programming might have unique significance in the developmental origins of offspring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Cell Biology Institute of Biology Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program on Physical Education Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Rita Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
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16
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Kopylova OV, Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Drapkina OM. Lifelong prevention of cardiovascular disease. Part I: preconceptional, prenatal and infant periods of life. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Current prophylactic actions prevent or significantly delay the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Various factors are interconnected and affect a person throughout his life, determining the risk of CVD. This indicates the need for preventive measures at all stages of life and even before birth. The beneficial effects of CVD prevention are realized through various genetic, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Due to the fact that many risk factors for CVD have a cumulative effect, the introduction of preventive measures from the earliest life stages will be most effective. The purpose of the article is to consider various aspects of CVD prevention in the preconceptional, prenatal and infant periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Kopylova
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. I. Ershova
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. N. Meshkov
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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17
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Meireles ALF, Segabinazi E, Spindler C, Gasperini NF, Souza Dos Santos A, Pochmann D, Elsner VR, Marcuzzo S. Maternal resistance exercise promotes changes in neuroplastic and epigenetic marks of offspring's hippocampus during adult life. Physiol Behav 2020; 230:113306. [PMID: 33359430 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Studies indicate that gestational exercise practice positively impacts the offspring's cognition. Nevertheless, the influence of maternal resistance exercise, different periods of exercise practice, and the inter- and transgenerational effects involved in these responses are not known. This study sought to report the influence of the maternal practice of resistance exercise on offspring's cognitive function, exploring behavior, and neuroplastic and epigenetic marks in the hippocampus. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary (SS), exercised during pregnancy (SE), exercised before pregnancy (ES), and exercised before and during pregnancy (EE). Exercised rats were submitted to a resistance exercise protocol (vertical ladder climbing). Between postnatal days (P)81 and P85, male offspring were submitted to the Morris water maze test. At P85, the following analyses were performed in offspring's hippocampus: expression of IGF-1 and BrdU+ cells, global DNA methylation, H3/H4 acetylation, and HDAC2 amount. Only the offspring of SE mothers presented subtly better performance on learning and memory tasks, associated with lower HDAC2 amount. Offspring from ES mothers presented an overexpression of hippocampal neuroplastic marks (BrdU+ and IGF-1), as well as a decrease of DNA methylation and an increase in H4 acetylation. Offspring from EE mothers (continuously exercised) did not present modifications in plasticity or epigenetic parameters. This is the first study to observe the influence of maternal resistance exercise on offspring's brains. The findings provide evidence that offspring's hippocampus plasticity is influenced by exercise performed in isolated periods (pre- or gestationally) more than that performed continually.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Ferreira Meireles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ethiane Segabinazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christiano Spindler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Felix Gasperini
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Viviane Rostirola Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Marcuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Denham J, McCluskey M, Denham MM, Sellami M, Davie AJ. Epigenetic control of exercise adaptations in the equine athlete: Current evidence and future directions. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:431-450. [PMID: 32671871 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Horses (Equus ferus caballus) have evolved over the past 300 years in response to man-made selection for particular athletic traits. Some of the selected traits were selected based on the size and horses' muscular power (eg Clydesdales), whereas other breeds were bred for peak running performance (eg Thoroughbred and Arabian). Although the physiological changes and some of the cellular adaptations responsible for athletic potential of horses have been identified, the molecular mechanisms are only just beginning to be comprehensively investigated. The purpose of this review was to outline and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the athletic performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in athletic breeds of horses. A brief review of the biology of epigenetics is provided, including discussion on DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNAs, followed by a summary and critical review of the current work on the exercise-induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes in horses. Important unanswered questions and currently unexplored areas that deserve attention are highlighted. Finally, a rationale for the analysis of epigenetic modifications in the context with exercise-related traits and ailments associated with athletic breeds of horses is outlined in order to help guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Denham
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Maha Sellami
- Qatar University, College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), Sport Science Program (SSP), Doha, Qatar
| | - Allan J Davie
- Australian Equine Racing and Research Centre (AERR), Ballina, NSW, Australia
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19
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Erdogan C. Improvement of physical training by performance-enhancing substances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13517. [PMID: 32491268 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Erdogan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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20
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Lombardo B, Izzo V, Terracciano D, Ranieri A, Mazzaccara C, Fimiani F, Cesaro A, Gentile L, Leggiero E, Pero R, Izzo B, D'Alicandro AC, Ercolini D, D'Alicandro G, Frisso G, Pastore L, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Laboratory medicine: health evaluation in elite athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1450-1473. [PMID: 30835249 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter's panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete's competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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21
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Axsom JE, Libonati JR. Impact of parental exercise on epigenetic modifications inherited by offspring: A systematic review. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14287. [PMID: 31758667 PMCID: PMC6874781 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing regular exercise is associated with numerous health benefits including a reduction in all‐cause mortality. The mechanisms associated with exercise‐induced health improvements are wide ranging and benefit virtually every organ system in the body. Of significance, recent evidence has suggested that some of these protective benefits may also be passed to offspring through multiple generations via alterations in gamete presentation, changes to the in‐utero and offspring rearing environments, and epigenetic modifications. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the current literature for evidence of exercise‐induced epigenetic modifications in offspring. A systematic search yielded four papers that met inclusion criteria. Parental exercise interventions were associated with differential DNA methylation patterns in offspring. These shifts in methylation patterns were consistent with concurrent changes in offspring mRNA levels, protein expression, and functional measures. Many of the observed changes were related to metabolic pathways. Hence, the evidence suggests that exercise‐induced epigenetic changes can be observed in offspring and may play a pivotal role among the multifactorial intergenerational‐health impact of exercise. A proposed mechanism for the wide‐ranging health benefits of exercise is epigenetic changes and there is potential for epigenetic changes to be passed on to offspring through intergenerational inheritance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie E Axsom
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Libonati
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Madarnas C, Villalba NM, Soriano D, Brusco A. Anxious Behavior of Adult CD1 Mice Perinatally Exposed to Low Concentrations of Ethanol Correlates With Morphological Changes in Cingulate Cortex and Amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:92. [PMID: 32636737 PMCID: PMC7319189 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with high incidence of behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. The cerebral areas related with these consequences involve the corticolimbic system, in particular the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate cortex, although the latter has not been thoroughly studied yet. Different animal models of prenatal or perinatal EtOH exposure have reported morphofunctional alterations in the central nervous system, which could explain behavioral disorders along life; these results focus on youth and adolescents and are still controversial. In the light of these inconclusive results, the aim of this work was to analyze adult behavior in CD1 mice perinatally exposed to low concentrations of EtOH (PEE) during gestation and lactation, and describe the morphology of the cingulate cortex and amygdala with a view to establishing structure/function/behavior correlations. Primiparous CD1 female mice were exposed to EtOH 6% v/v for 20 days prior to mating and continued drinking EtOH 6% v/v during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male pups were fed food and water ad libitum until 77 days of age, when behavioral and morphological studies were performed. Mouse behavior was analyzed through light–dark box and open field tests. Parameters related to anxious behavior and locomotor activity revealed anxiogenic behavior in PEE mice. After behavioral studies, mice were perfused and neurons, axons, serotonin transporter, 5HT, CB1 receptor (CB1R) and 5HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) were studied by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in brain sections containing cingulate cortex and amygdala. Cingulate cortex and amygdala cytoarchitecture were preserved in adult PEE mice, although a smaller number of neurons was detected in the amygdala. Cingulate cortex axons demonstrated disorganized radial distribution and reduced area. Serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems, both involved in anxious behavior, showed differential expression. Serotonergic afferents were lower in both brain areas of PEE animals, while 5HT1AR expression was lower in the cingulate cortex and higher in the amygdala. The expression of CB1R was lower only in the amygdala. In sum, EtOH exposure during early brain development induces morphological changes in structures of the limbic system and its neuromodulation, which persist into adulthood and may be responsible for anxious behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Madarnas
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerina Mariel Villalba
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delia Soriano
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Brusco
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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The Role of Nutri(epi)genomics in Achieving the Body's Full Potential in Physical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060498. [PMID: 32517297 PMCID: PMC7346155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity represents a powerful tool to achieve optimal health. The overall activation of several molecular pathways is associated with many beneficial effects, mainly converging towards a reduced systemic inflammation. Not surprisingly, regular activity can contribute to lowering the “epigenetic age”, acting as a modulator of risk toward several diseases and enhancing longevity. Behind this, there are complex molecular mechanisms induced by exercise, which modulate gene expression, also through epigenetic modifications. The exercise-induced epigenetic imprint can be transient or permanent and contributes to the muscle memory, which allows the skeletal muscle adaptation to environmental stimuli previously encountered. Nutrition, through key macro- and micronutrients with antioxidant properties, can play an important role in supporting skeletal muscle trophism and those molecular pathways triggering the beneficial effects of physical activity. Nutrients and antioxidant food components, reversibly altering the epigenetic imprint, have a big impact on the phenotype. This assigns a role of primary importance to nutri(epi)genomics, not only in optimizing physical performance, but also in promoting long term health. The crosstalk between physical activity and nutrition represents a major environmental pressure able to shape human genotypes and phenotypes, thus, choosing the right combination of lifestyle factors ensures health and longevity.
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24
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Paternal Resistance Training Induced Modifications in the Left Ventricle Proteome Independent of Offspring Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5603580. [PMID: 32454941 PMCID: PMC7218999 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5603580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral obesogenic exposure is able to trigger harmful effects in the offspring left ventricle (LV) which could lead to cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of the father's lifestyle on the offspring LV is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on the offspring left ventricle (LV) proteome exposed to control or high-fat (HF) diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary fathers and trained fathers (8 weeks, 3 times per week with weights secured to the animals' tails). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into 4 groups (5 animals per group): offspring from sedentary fathers, exposed to control diet (SFO-C); offspring from trained fathers, exposed to control diet (TFO-C); offspring from sedentary fathers, exposed to high-fat diet (SFO-HF); and offspring from trained fathers, exposed to high-fat diet (TFO-HF). The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 537 regulated proteins among groups. Offspring exposure to HF diet caused reduction in the abundance levels of proteins related to cell component organization, metabolic processes, and transport. Proteins related to antioxidant activity, transport, and transcription regulation were increased in TFO-C and TFO-HF as compared with the SFO-C and SFO-HF groups. Paternal RT demonstrated to be an important intervention capable of inducing significant effects on the LV proteome regardless of offspring diet due to the increase of proteins involved into LV homeostasis maintenance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular aspects involved in transgenerational inheritance.
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25
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Kaspar D, Hastreiter S, Irmler M, Hrabé de Angelis M, Beckers J. Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:119-133. [PMID: 32350605 PMCID: PMC7368866 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often mediated via epigenetic modifiers that target the expression of metabolic genes. More recently, it was discovered that such parentally acquired metabolic changes can alter the metabolic health of the filial and grand-filial generations. In mammals, this epigenetic inheritance can either follow an intergenerational or transgenerational mode of inheritance. In the case of intergenerational inheritance, epimutations established in gametes persist through the first round of epigenetic reprogramming occurring during preimplantation development. For transgenerational inheritance, epimutations persist additionally throughout the reprogramming that occurs during germ cell development later in embryogenesis. Differentially expressed transcripts, genomic cytosine methylations, and several chemical modifications of histones are prime candidates for tangible marks which may serve as epimutations in inter- and transgenerational inheritance and which are currently being investigated experimentally. We review, here, the current literature in support of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic traits caused by nutritional constraints and potential mechanisms in man and in rodent model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kaspar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hastreiter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Hart DA, Zernicke RF. Optimal Human Functioning Requires Exercise Across the Lifespan: Mobility in a 1g Environment Is Intrinsic to the Integrity of Multiple Biological Systems. Front Physiol 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32174843 PMCID: PMC7056746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that achieving and maintaining a healthier lifestyle can be enhanced through regular participation in sport and physical activity. Coevally, a growing number of health professionals regard exercise as a legitimate intervention strategy for those who have lost their health. Exercise has been shown to be effective for overweight or obese individuals, who are at risk to lose their health due to development of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as, infiltration of muscles, bone and other organs with fat, so it can be considered medicine. However, exercise and associated mobility likely also have a strong prevention component that can effectively contribute to the maintenance of the integrity of multiple biological systems for those who do not have overt risk factors or ongoing disease. While prevention is preferred over intervention in the context of disease, it is clear that exercise and associated mobility, generally, can be an effective influence, although overtraining and excessive loading can be deleterious to health. The basis for the generally positive influence of exercise likely lies in the fact that many of our physiological systems are designed to function in the mechanically dynamic and active 1g environment of Earth (e.g., muscles, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bones, and cardiovascular system, and neuro-cognitive function), and nearly all these systems subscribe to the “use it or lose it” paradigm. This conclusion is supported by the changes observed over the more than 50 years of space flight and exposure to microgravity conditions. Therefore, the premise advanced is: “exercise is preventative for loss of health due to age-related decline in the integrity of several physiological systems via constant reinforcement of those systems, and thus, optimal levels of exercise and physical activity are endemic to, essential for, and intrinsic to optimal health and wellbeing.”
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald F Zernicke
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Persson PB, Persson AB. Foetal programming. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13403. [PMID: 31610082 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus B. Persson
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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29
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Sciesielski LK, Kirschner KM. ExActa HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors-The new lifestyle drug? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13370. [PMID: 31465609 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina K. Sciesielski
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthDepartment of Neonatology Berlin Germany
| | - Karin M. Kirschner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthInstitute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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30
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Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Proia P, Di Liegro I. Physical Activity and Brain Health. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090720. [PMID: 31533339 PMCID: PMC6770965 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and of highly energetic diets, are becoming clear. It has been also acknowledged that lifestyle and diet can induce epigenetic modifications which modify chromatin structure and gene expression, thus causing even heritable metabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown that PA can reverse at least some of the unwanted effects of sedentary lifestyle, and can also contribute in delaying brain aging and degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Disease, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Most importantly, PA improves cognitive processes and memory, has analgesic and antidepressant effects, and even induces a sense of wellbeing, giving strength to the ancient principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a sound mind in a sound body). In this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of PA on brain health, focusing on hormones, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters, the release of which is modulated by PA, as well as on the intra- and extra-cellular pathways that regulate the expression of some of the genes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement (Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell'Esercizio fisico e della Formazione), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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31
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Steinach M, Lichti J, Maggioni MA, Fähling M. A fluid shift for endurance exercise-Why hydration matters. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13347. [PMID: 31329350 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Steinach
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Julia Lichti
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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32
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Hu J, Yu Y. Epigenetic response profiles into environmental epigenotoxicant screening and health risk assessment: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:259-272. [PMID: 30933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome may be an important interface between exposure to environmental contaminants and adverse outcome on human health. Many environmental pollutants deregulate gene expression and promote diseases by modulating the epigenome. Adverse epigenetic responses have been widely used for risk assessment of chemical substances. Various pollutants, including trace elements and persistent organic pollutants, have been detected frequently in the environment. Epigenetic toxicity of environmental matrices including water, air, soil, and food cannot be ignored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of epigenetic effects of pollutants and environmental matrices. We start with an overview of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and the effects of several types of environmental pollutants (trace elements, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and volatile organic pollutants) on epigenetic modulation. We then discuss the epigenetic responses to environmental water, air, and soil based on in vivo and in vitro assays. Finally, we discuss recommendations to promote the incorporation of epigenotoxicity into contamination screening and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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33
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Ackermann S, Mrowka R. Cancer - An ongoing fight searching for reasons and therapies. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13275. [PMID: 30869193 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ackermann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, AG Experimentelle Nephrologie Universitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, AG Experimentelle Nephrologie Universitätsklinikum Jena Jena Germany
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34
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Hillmeister P, Buschmann I, Bondke Persson A. Listen to your physiologist! Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13265. [PMID: 30762943 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hillmeister
- Department for Angiology Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Clinic Brandenburg, DAZB Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum Brandenburg-Berlin Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Ivo Buschmann
- Department for Angiology Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Clinic Brandenburg, DAZB Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum Brandenburg-Berlin Brandenburg an der Havel Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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35
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Woelfel JR, Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK. Precision Physical Therapy: Exercise, the Epigenome, and the Heritability of Environmentally Modified Traits. Phys Ther 2018; 98:946-952. [PMID: 30388254 PMCID: PMC6185994 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the newest frontiers of physical therapy is the field of epigenetics, which examines how pervasive environmental factors such as exercise regulate the expression of genes. The epigenome may be one of the most powerful systems through which exercise exerts its beneficial effects on health and longevity. Large epidemiology studies show that individuals who regularly exercise demonstrate a lower "epigenetic age," experience fewer metabolic diseases, and enjoy greater longevity. However, the dose, mode, intensity, and duration of exercise required to achieve a healthy epigenetic profile is unknown. As experts in exercise prescription, physical therapists are ideally suited to contribute to the discovery of this dose-response relationship. This perspective makes a case for the genesis of "precision physical therapy," which capitalizes on epigenetic discoveries to optimize exercise-based interventions. Summarized here is the emerging body of knowledge supporting epigenetic adaptations to exercise in humans, including the intriguing possibility that these environmentally modified traits could be passed down to offspring. In the future, it is likely that epigenetic data will enhance our understanding of individual disease risk and individual response to prescribed exercise. The profession of physical therapy must be alert to new epigenetic knowledge that can enhance the specificity and efficacy of movement-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Woelfel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shauna Dudley-Javoroski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, 1–252 Medical Education Building, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52252 (USA),Address all correspondence to Dr Shields at:
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36
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Paternal physical exercise demethylates the hippocampal DNA of male pups without modifying the cognitive and physical development. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Asimes A, Kim CK, Cuarenta A, Auger AP, Pak TR. Binge Drinking and Intergenerational Implications: Parental Preconception Alcohol Impacts Offspring Development in Rats. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:672-686. [PMID: 29946576 PMCID: PMC6014138 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception behaviors and experiences of mothers and fathers can affect future offspring. Recently, our laboratory showed that alcohol-naive offspring of parents who were exposed to repeated binge alcohol during adolescence showed altered DNA methylation patterns in the hypothalamus, a brain region involved in regulation of pubertal development, stress, and behavior. These observations have potentially far-reaching consequences for human health, as more than 4.6 million Americans under the age of 21 years report engaging in the rapid intoxication behavior of binge-pattern alcohol (EtOH) drinking. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that offspring of binge EtOH‒exposed parents would have altered hypothalamic function manifested phenotypically as improper pubertal development, impaired socialization, and dysregulated stress response. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that parental EtOH exposure would confer adaptive protection from the negative effects of EtOH when offspring were themselves exposed to EtOH. Rats received EtOH via oral gavage once daily for 6 days at both early [postnatal day (PND) 37] and late puberty (PND 67). Animals were paired (EtOH-EtOH, vehicle-vehicle) for mating 24 hours after the last EtOH dose. After weaning, offspring were randomized to vehicle treatment to assess changes in normal development or to EtOH treatment to assess the effect of parental EtOH exposure on offspring response to this treatment. We found that offspring had smaller body weights and displayed fewer play behaviors when parents had been exposed to EtOH before conception. In addition, offspring showed a reduction in pubertal development markers that could indicate that parental preconception EtOH exposure confers maladaptive epigenetic traits in first-generation offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaDorothea Asimes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Chun K Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Amelia Cuarenta
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‒Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony P Auger
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‒Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Toni R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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38
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Vogt G. Investigating the genetic and epigenetic basis of big biological questions with the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish: A review and perspectives. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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