1
|
Stouth DW, vanLieshout TL, Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Raziee R, Edgett BA, Vasam G, Webb EK, Gilotra KS, Markou M, Pineda HC, Bettencourt-Mora BG, Noor H, Moll Z, Bittner ME, Gurd BJ, Menzies KJ, Ljubicic V. CARM1 drives mitophagy and autophagy flux during fasting-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Autophagy 2024; 20:1247-1269. [PMID: 38018843 PMCID: PMC11210918 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2288528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CARM1 (coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1) has recently emerged as a powerful regulator of skeletal muscle biology. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the methyltransferase remodels muscle remain to be fully understood. In this study, carm1 skeletal muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice exhibited lower muscle mass with dysregulated macroautophagic/autophagic and atrophic signaling, including depressed AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) site-specific phosphorylation of ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; Ser555) and FOXO3 (forkhead box O3; Ser588), as well as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-induced inhibition of ULK1 (Ser757), along with AKT/protein kinase B site-specific suppression of FOXO1 (Ser256) and FOXO3 (Ser253). In addition to lower mitophagy and autophagy flux in skeletal muscle, carm1 mKO led to increased mitochondrial PRKN/parkin accumulation, which suggests that CARM1 is required for basal mitochondrial turnover and autophagic clearance. carm1 deletion also elicited PPARGC1A (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha) activity and a slower, more oxidative muscle phenotype. As such, these carm1 mKO-evoked adaptations disrupted mitophagy and autophagy induction during food deprivation and collectively served to mitigate fasting-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, at the threshold of muscle atrophy during food deprivation experiments in humans, skeletal muscle CARM1 activity decreased similarly to our observations in mice, and was accompanied by site-specific activation of ULK1 (Ser757), highlighting the translational impact of the methyltransferase in human skeletal muscle. Taken together, our results indicate that CARM1 governs mitophagic, autophagic, and atrophic processes fundamental to the maintenance and remodeling of muscle mass. Targeting the enzyme may provide new therapeutic approaches for mitigating skeletal muscle atrophy.Abbreviation: ADMA: asymmetric dimethylarginine; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CARM1: coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1; Col: colchicine; CSA: cross-sectional area; CTNS: cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; FBXO32/MAFbx: F-box protein 32; FOXO: forkhead box O; GAST: gastrocnemius; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; IMF: intermyofibrillar; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mKO: skeletal muscle-specific knockout; MMA: monomethylarginine; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYH: myosin heavy chain; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PABPC1/PABP1: poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1; PPARGC1A/PGC-1α: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; Sal: saline; SDMA: symmetric dimethylarginine; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SKP2: S-phase kinase associated protein 2; SMARCC1/BAF155: SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 1; SOL: soleus; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SS: subsarcolemmal; TA: tibialis anterior; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TRIM63/MuRF1: tripartite motif containing 63; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VPS11: VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes; WT: wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Stouth
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew I. Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Y. Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rozhin Raziee
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A. Edgett
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin K. Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin S. Gilotra
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Markou
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah C. Pineda
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Haleema Noor
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Moll
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan E. Bittner
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon J. Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and the Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Casati SR, Cervia D, Roux-Biejat P, Moscheni C, Perrotta C, De Palma C. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species: The Therapeutic Balance of Powers for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2024; 13:574. [PMID: 38607013 PMCID: PMC11011272 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic progressive muscle-wasting disorder that leads to rapid loss of mobility and premature death. The absence of functional dystrophin in DMD patients reduces sarcolemma stiffness and increases contraction damage, triggering a cascade of events leading to muscle cell degeneration, chronic inflammation, and deposition of fibrotic and adipose tissue. Efforts in the last decade have led to the clinical approval of novel drugs for DMD that aim to restore dystrophin function. However, combination therapies able to restore dystrophin expression and target the myriad of cellular events found impaired in dystrophic muscle are desirable. Muscles are higher energy consumers susceptible to mitochondrial defects. Mitochondria generate a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they are, in turn, sensitive to proper redox balance. In both DMD patients and animal models there is compelling evidence that mitochondrial impairments have a key role in the failure of energy homeostasis. Here, we highlighted the main aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in DMD and discussed the recent findings linked to mitochondria/ROS-targeted molecules as a therapeutic approach. In this respect, dual targeting of both mitochondria and redox homeostasis emerges as a potential clinical option in DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rosanna Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (S.R.C.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; (P.R.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (S.R.C.); (C.D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakashima R, Hosoda R, Tatekoshi Y, Iwahara N, Saga Y, Kuno A. Transcriptional dysregulation of autophagy in the muscle of a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1365. [PMID: 38228650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that autophagic activity is disturbed in the skeletal muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Transcriptional regulations of autophagy by FoxO transcription factors (FoxOs) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) play critical roles in adaptation to cellular stress conditions. Here, we investigated whether autophagic activity is dysregulated at the transcription level in dystrophin-deficient muscles. Expression levels of autophagy-related genes were globally decreased in tibialis anterior and soleus muscles of mdx mice compared with those of wild-type mice. DNA microarray data from the NCBI database also showed that genes related to autophagy were globally downregulated in muscles from patients with DMD. These downregulated genes are known as targets of FoxOs and TFEB. Immunostaining showed that nuclear localization of FoxO1 and FoxO3a was decreased in mdx mice. Western blot analyses demonstrated increases in phosphorylation levels of FoxO1 and FoxO3a in mdx mice. Nuclear localization of TFEB was also reduced in mdx mice, which was associated with elevated phosphorylation levels of TFEB. Collectively, the results suggest that autophagy is disturbed in dystrophin-deficient muscles via transcriptional downregulation due to phosphorylation-mediated suppression of FoxOs and TFEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukika Saga
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krishna S, Echevarria KG, Reed CH, Eo H, Wintzinger M, Quattrocelli M, Valentine RJ, Selsby JT. A fat- and sucrose-enriched diet causes metabolic alterations in mdx mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R692-R711. [PMID: 37811713 PMCID: PMC11178302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein, is associated with multiple cellular, physiological, and metabolic dysfunctions. As an added complication to the primary insult, obesity/insulin resistance (O/IR) is frequently reported in patients with DMD; however, how IR impacts disease severity is unknown. We hypothesized a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) would induce O/IR, exacerbate disease severity, and cause metabolic alterations in dystrophic mice. To test this hypothesis, we treated 7-wk-old mdx (disease model) and C57 mice with a control diet (CD) or an HFHSD for 15 wk. The HFHSD induced insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia in C57 and mdx mice. Of note, mdx mice on CD were also insulin resistant. In addition, visceral adipose tissue weights were increased with HFHSD in C57 and mdx mice though differed by genotype. Serum creatine kinase activity and histopathological analyses using Masson's trichrome staining in the diaphragm indicated muscle damage was driven by dystrophin deficiency but was not augmented by diet. In addition, markers of inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial abundance, and autophagy were impacted by disease but not diet. Despite this, in addition to disease signatures in CD-fed mice, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses demonstrated a HFHSD caused some common changes in C57 and mdx mice and some unique signatures of O/IR within the context of dystrophin deficiency. In total, these data revealed that in mdx mice, 15 wk of HFHSD did not overtly exacerbate muscle injury but further impaired the metabolic status of dystrophic muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Carter H Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamauchi N, Tamai K, Kimura I, Naito A, Tokuda N, Ashida Y, Motohashi N, Aoki Y, Yamada T. High-intensity interval training in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscle. J Physiol 2023; 601:2917-2933. [PMID: 37184335 DOI: 10.1113/jp284532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle-wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Here we examined whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from dystrophin-deficient mdx52 mice. Isometric HIIT was performed on plantar flexor muscles in vivo with supramaximal electrical stimulation every other day for 4 weeks (a total of 15 sessions). In the non-trained contralateral gastrocnemius muscle from mdx52 mice, the decreased fatigue resistance was associated with a reduction in the amount of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiratory complex II, LC3B-II/I ratio, and mitophagy-related gene expression (i.e. Pink1, parkin, Bnip3 and Bcl2l13) as well as an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Src Tyr416 and Akt Ser473, the amount of p62, and the percentage of Evans Blue dye-positive area. Isometric HIIT restored all these alterations and markedly improved fatigue resistance in mdx52 muscles. Moreover, an acute bout of HIIT increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172, acetyl CoA carboxylase Ser79, unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) Ser555, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 in mdx52 muscles. Thus, our data show that HIIT with isometric contractions significantly mitigates histological signs of pathology and improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin-deficient muscles. These beneficial effects can be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMPK-dependent induction of the mitophagy programme and de novo mitochondrial biogenesis. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle fatigue is often associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and leads to an inability to perform daily tasks, profoundly decreasing quality of life. We examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction on fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from the mdx52 mouse model of DMD. Isometric HIIT counteracted the reduced fatigue resistance as well as dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle of mdx52 mice. This beneficial effect could be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of the mitophagy programme in the dystrophic muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tamai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Iori Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Azuma Naito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nao Tokuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krishna S, Spaulding HR, Koltes JE, Quindry JC, Valentine RJ, Selsby JT. Indicators of increased ER stress and UPR in aged D2-mdx and human dystrophic skeletal muscles. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1152576. [PMID: 37179835 PMCID: PMC10166835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1152576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease that results in muscle wasting, wheelchair dependence, and eventual death due to cardiac and respiratory complications. In addition to muscle fragility, dystrophin deficiency also results in multiple secondary dysfunctions, which may lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The purpose of this investigation was to understand how ER stress and the UPR are modified in muscle from D2-mdx mice, an emerging DMD model, and from humans with DMD. We hypothesized that markers of ER stress and the UPR are upregulated in D2-mdx and human dystrophic muscles compared to their healthy counterparts. Immunoblotting in diaphragms from 11-month-old D2-mdx and DBA mice indicated increased ER stress and UPR in dystrophic diaphragms compared to healthy, including increased relative abundance of ER stress chaperone CHOP, canonical ER stress transducers ATF6 and pIRE1α S724, and transcription factors that regulate the UPR such as ATF4, XBP1s, and peIF2α S51. The publicly available Affymetrix dataset (GSE38417) was used to analyze the expression of ER stress and UPR-related transcripts and processes. Fifty-eight upregulated genes related to ER stress and the UPR in human dystrophic muscles suggest pathway activation. Further, based on analyses using iRegulon, putative transcription factors that regulate this upregulation profile were identified, including ATF6, XBP1, ATF4, CREB3L2, and EIF2AK3. This study adds to and extends the emerging knowledge of ER stress and the UPR in dystrophin deficiency and identifies transcriptional regulators that may be responsible for these changes and be of therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hannah R. Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James E. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John C. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mikhail AI, Manta A, Ng SY, Osborne AK, Mattina SR, Mackie MR, Ljubicic V. A single dose of exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial plasticity in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13943. [PMID: 36726043 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the second most common muscular dystrophy after Duchenne and is the most prevalent muscular dystrophy in adults. DM1 patients that participate in aerobic exercise training experience several physiological benefits concomitant with improved muscle mitochondrial function without alterations in typical DM1-specific disease mechanisms, which suggests that correcting organelle health is key to ameliorate the DM1 pathology. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial turnover and dynamics in DM1 skeletal muscle is lacking. METHODS Skeletal muscle tissue was sampled from healthy and DM1 mice under sedentary conditions and at several recovery time points following an exhaustive treadmill run. RESULTS We demonstrate that DM1 patients exhibit an imbalance in the transcriptional apparatus for mitochondrial turnover and dynamics in skeletal muscle. Additionally, DM1 mice displayed elevated expression of autophagy and mitophagy regulators. A single dose of exercise successfully enhanced canonical exercise molecular pathways and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis despite failing to alter the cellular pathology in DM1 mice. However, treadmill running stimulated coordinated organelle fusion and fission signaling, as well as improved alternative splicing of Optic atrophy 1. Exercise also evoked autophagy and mitophagy pathways in DM1 skeletal muscle resulting in the normalized expression of autophagy- and lysosome-related machinery responsible for the clearance of dysfunctional organelles. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data indicate that mitochondrial dynamics and turnover processes in DM1 skeletal muscle are initiated with a single dose of exercise, which may underlie the adaptive benefits previously documented in DM1 mice and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aislin K Osborne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Mattina
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Mackie
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Day NJ, Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Zhao R, Fillmore TL, Moore RJ, Rodney GG, Qian WJ. A deep redox proteome profiling workflow and its application to skeletal muscle of a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy model. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:373-384. [PMID: 36306991 PMCID: PMC10072164 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation to the redox state accompanies many diseases and its effects are viewed through oxidation of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The thiol groups of protein cysteine residues undergo an array of redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are important for regulation of protein and pathway function. To better understand what proteins are redox regulated following a perturbation, it is important to be able to comprehensively profile protein thiol oxidation at the proteome level. Herein, we report a deep redox proteome profiling workflow and demonstrate its application in measuring the changes in thiol oxidation along with global protein expression in skeletal muscle from mdx mice, a model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). In-depth coverage of the thiol proteome was achieved with >18,000 Cys sites from 5,608 proteins in muscle being quantified. Compared to the control group, mdx mice exhibit markedly increased thiol oxidation, where a ∼2% shift in the median oxidation occupancy was observed. Pathway analysis for the redox data revealed that coagulation system and immune-related pathways were among the most susceptible to increased thiol oxidation in mdx mice, whereas protein abundance changes were more enriched in pathways associated with bioenergetics. This study illustrates the importance of deep redox profiling in gaining greater insight into oxidative stress regulation and pathways/processes that are perturbed in an oxidizing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Day
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Thomas L Fillmore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bioactive Components in Whole Grains for the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182752. [PMID: 36140879 PMCID: PMC9498156 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a primary role in metabolic health and physical performance. Conversely, skeletal muscle dysfunctions such as muscular dystrophy, atrophy and aging-related sarcopenia could lead to frailty, decreased independence and increased risk of hospitalization. Dietary intervention has become an effective approach to improving muscle health and function. Evidence shows that whole grains possess multiple health benefits compared with refined grains. Importantly, there is growing evidence demonstrating that bioactive substances derived from whole grains such as polyphenols, γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, betaine, octacosanol, alkylresorcinols and β-glucan could contribute to enhancing myogenesis, muscle mass and metabolic function. In this review, we discuss the potential role of whole-grain-derived bioactive components in the regulation of muscle function, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds regulate muscle biology. This work will contribute toward increasing awareness of nutraceutical supplementation of whole grain functional ingredients for the prevention and treatment of muscle dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Franco-Romero A, Sandri M. Role of autophagy in muscle disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101041. [PMID: 34625292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beside inherited muscle diseases many catabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, malnutrition, cancer growth, aging, infections, chronic inflammatory status, inactivity, obesity are characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and function. The decrease of muscle quality and quantity increases morbidity, mortality and has a major impact on the quality of life. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle wasting is the dysregulation of the main protein and organelles quality control system of the cell: the autophagy-lysosome. This review will focus on the role of the autophagy-lysosome system in the different conditions of muscle loss. We will also dissect the signalling pathways that are involved in excessive or defective autophagy regulation. Finally, the state of the art of autophagy modulators that have been used in preclinical or clinical studies to ameliorate muscle mass will be also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anais Franco-Romero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krishna S, Spaulding HR, Quindry TS, Hudson MB, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Indices of Defective Autophagy in Whole Muscle and Lysosome Enriched Fractions From Aged D2-mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691245. [PMID: 34305644 PMCID: PMC8299564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Previous studies in mdx mice, a common DMD model, identified impaired autophagy with lysosomal insufficiency and impaired autophagosomal degradation as consequences of dystrophin deficiency. Thus, we hypothesized that lysosomal abundance would be decreased and degradation of autophagosomes would be impaired in muscles of D2-mdx mice. To test this hypothesis, diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles from 11 month-old D2-mdx and DBA/2J (healthy) mice were collected. Whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles, and protein from a cytosolic fraction (CF) and a lysosome-enriched fraction (LEF) from gastrocnemius muscles, were isolated and used for western blotting. Initiation of autophagy was not robustly activated in whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius, however, autophagosome formation markers were elevated in dystrophic muscles. Autophagosome degradation was impaired in D2-mdx diaphragms but appeared to be maintained in gastrocnemius muscles. To better understand this muscle-specific distinction, we investigated autophagic signaling in CFs and LEFs from gastrocnemius muscles. Within the LEF we discovered that the degradation of autophagosomes was similar between groups. Further, our data suggest an expanded, though impaired, lysosomal pool in dystrophic muscle. Notably, these data indicate a degree of muscle specificity as well as model specificity with regard to autophagic dysfunction in dystrophic muscles. Stimulation of autophagy in dystrophic muscles may hold promise for DMD patients as a potential therapeutic, however, it will be critical to choose the appropriate model and muscles that most closely recapitulate findings from human patients to further develop these therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hannah R. Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - John C. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu X, Hao Y, Wu J, Zhao J, Xiong S. Assessment of Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to Explore Key Pathways and Novel Biomarkers in Muscular Dystrophy. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:431-444. [PMID: 33883925 PMCID: PMC8053709 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s301098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the key molecular pathways involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and thereby identify hub genes to be potentially used as novel biomarkers using a bioinformatics approach. Methods Raw GSE109178 data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the top 50% of altered genes. The key modules associated with the clinical features of DMD and BMD were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID website. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING website. MCODE, together with the Cytohubba plug-ins of Cytoscape, screened out the potential hub genes, which were subsequently verified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in other datasets. Results Among the 11 modules obtained, the black module was predominantly associated with pathology and DMD, whereas the light-green module was primarily related to age and BMD. Functional enrichment assessments indicated that the genes in the black module were primarily clustered in “immune response” and “phagosome,” whereas the ones in the light-green module were chiefly enriched in “protein polyubiquitination”. Eleven essential genes were eventually identified, including VCAM1, TYROBP, CD44, ITGB2, CSF1R, LCP2, C3AR1, CCL2, and ITGAM for DMD, along with UBA5 and UBR2 for BMD. Conclusion Overall, our findings may be useful for investigating the mechanisms underlying DMD and BMD. In addition, the hub genes discovered might serve as novel molecular markers correlated with dystrophinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Liaoning Academy of Analytic Science, Construction Engineering Center of Important Technology Innovation and Research and Development Base in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nederveen JP, Warnier G, Di Carlo A, Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science. Front Physiol 2021; 11:604274. [PMID: 33597890 PMCID: PMC7882633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on health and longevity are well-established, and evidence suggests that these effects are partially driven by a spectrum of bioactive molecules released into circulation during exercise (e.g., exercise factors or 'exerkines'). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes or exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), were shown to be secreted concomitantly with exerkines. These EVs have therefore been proposed to act as cargo carriers or 'mediators' of intercellular communication. Given these findings, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the role of EVs in the multi-systemic, adaptive response to exercise. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the effects of exercise on MVs and ELVs, examine their role in the exercise response and long-term adaptations, and highlight the main methodological hurdles related to blood collection, purification, and characterization of ELVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Warnier
- Institut of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alessia Di Carlo
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shuler KT, Wilson BE, Muñoz ER, Mitchell AD, Selsby JT, Hudson MB. Muscle Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reverse Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mouse Myotubes. Cells 2020; 9:E2544. [PMID: 33256005 PMCID: PMC7760380 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) hold great potential as a regenerative therapeutic but have met numerous challenges in treating systemic muscle diseases. Muscle stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MuSC-EVs) may overcome these limitations. We assessed the number and size distribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MuSCs ex vivo, determined the extent to which MuSC-EVs deliver molecular cargo to myotubes in vitro, and quantified MuSC-EV-mediated restoration of mitochondrial function following oxidative injury. MuSCs released an abundance of EVs in culture. MuSC-EVs delivered protein cargo into myotubes within 2 h of incubation. Fluorescent labeling of intracellular mitochondria showed co-localization of delivered protein and mitochondria. Oxidatively injured myotubes demonstrated a significant decline in maximal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity relative to untreated myotubes. Remarkably, subsequent treatment with MuSC-EVs significantly improved maximal oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity relative to the myotubes that were damaged but received no subsequent treatment. Surprisingly, MuSC-EVs did not affect mitochondrial function in undamaged myotubes, suggesting the cargo delivered is able to repair but does not expand the existing mitochondrial network. These data demonstrate that MuSC-EVs rapidly deliver proteins into myotubes, a portion of which co-localizes with mitochondria, and reverses mitochondria dysfunction in oxidatively-damaged myotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Shuler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Brittany E. Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Eric R. Muñoz
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Andrew D. Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2356G Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, 540 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (K.T.S.); (B.E.W.); (E.R.M.); (A.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spaulding HR, Quindry T, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical cocktails did not preserve diaphragm muscle function or reduce muscle damage in D2-mdx mice. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:989-999. [PMID: 32267561 DOI: 10.1113/ep087887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We previously demonstrated that quercetin transiently preserved respiratory function in dystrophin-deficient mice. To gain lasting therapeutic benefits, we tested quercetin in combination with nicotinamide riboside, lisinopril and prednisolone in the D2-mdx model. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that these quercetin-based cocktails did not preserve respiratory or diaphragmatic function or reduce histological damage after 7 months of treatment starting at 4 months of age. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by the absence of dystrophin protein and causes muscle weakness and muscle injury, culminating in respiratory failure and cardiomyopathy. Quercetin transiently improved respiratory function but failed to maintain long-term therapeutic benefits in mdx mice. In this study, we combined quercetin with nicotinamide riboside (NR), lisinopril and prednisolone to assess the efficacy of quercetin-based cocktails. We hypothesized that quercetin, NR and lisinopril independently would improve respiratory function and decrease diaphragmatic injury and when combined would have additive effects. To address this hypothesis, in vivo respiratory function, in vitro diaphragmatic function and histological injury were assessed in DBA (healthy), D2-mdx (dystrophic) and D2-mdx mice treated with combinations of quercetin, NR and lisinopril from 4 to 11 months of age. Respiratory function, assessed using whole-body plethysmography, was largely similar between healthy and dystrophin-deficient mice. Diaphragm specific tension was decreased by ∼50% in dystrophic mice compared with healthy mice (P < 0.05), but fatigue resistance was similar between groups. Contractile area was decreased by ∼10% (P < 0.05) and fibrotic area increased from 3.5% in healthy diaphragms to 27% (P < 0.05) in dystrophic diaphragms. Contrary to expectations, these functional and histological parameters of disease were not offset by any intervention. These data suggest that quercetin, NR and lisinopril, independently and in combination, did not prevent diaphragmatic injury or preserve respiratory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - T Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - J C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - J T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spaulding HR, Ludwig AK, Hollinger K, Hudson MB, Selsby JT. PGC-1α overexpression increases transcription factor EB nuclear localization and lysosome abundance in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14383. [PMID: 32109352 PMCID: PMC7048376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein and results in progressive muscle wasting. Dystrophin deficiency leads to a host of dysfunctional cellular processes including impaired autophagy. Autophagic dysfunction appears to be due, at least in part, to decreased lysosomal abundance mediated by decreased nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a transcription factor responsible for lysosomal biogenesis. PGC-1α overexpression decreased disease severity in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and increased PGC-1α has been linked to TFEB activation in healthy muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which PGC-1α overexpression increased nuclear TFEB localization, increased lysosome abundance, and increased autophagosome degradation. We hypothesized that overexpression of PGC-1α would drive TFEB nuclear translocation, increase lysosome biogenesis, and improve autophagosome degradation. To address this hypothesis, we delivered PGC-1α via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector injected into the right limb of 3-week-old mdx mice and the contralateral limbs received a sham injection. At 6 weeks of age, this approach increased PGC-1α transcript by 60-fold and increased TFEB nuclear localization in gastrocnemii from PGC-1α treated limbs by twofold compared to contralateral controls. Furthermore, lamp2, a marker of lysosome abundance, was significantly elevated in muscles from limbs overexpressing PGC-1α. Lastly, increased LC3II and similar p62 in PGC-1α overexpressing-limbs compared to contralateral limbs are supportive of increased degradation of autophagosomes. These data provide mechanistic insight into PGC-1α-mediated benefits to dystrophin-deficient muscle, such that increased TFEB nuclear localization in dystrophin-deficient muscle leads to increased lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda K. Ludwig
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spaulding HR, Ballmann C, Quindry JC, Hudson MB, Selsby JT. Autophagy in the heart is enhanced and independent of disease progression in mus musculus dystrophinopathy models. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 8:2048004019879581. [PMID: 31656622 PMCID: PMC6790947 DOI: 10.1177/2048004019879581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a muscle wasting disease caused by dystrophin
gene mutations resulting in dysfunctional dystrophin protein. Autophagy, a
proteolytic process, is impaired in dystrophic skeletal muscle though little
is known about the effect of dystrophin deficiency on autophagy in cardiac
muscle. We hypothesized that with disease progression autophagy would become
increasingly dysfunctional based upon indirect autophagic markers. Methods Markers of autophagy were measured by western blot in 7-week-old and
17-month-old control (C57) and dystrophic (mdx) hearts. Results Counter to our hypothesis, markers of autophagy were similar between groups.
Given these surprising results, two independent experiments were conducted
using 14-month-old mdx mice or 10-month-old mdx/Utrn± mice, a
more severe model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Data from these animals
suggest increased autophagosome degradation. Conclusion Together these data suggest that autophagy is not impaired in the dystrophic
myocardium as it is in dystrophic skeletal muscle and that disease
progression and related injury is independent of autophagic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - C Ballmann
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, USA
| | - J C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - M B Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - J T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spaulding HR, Quindry T, Hammer K, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical cocktails did not improve muscle function or reduce histological damage in D2-mdx mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1058-1066. [PMID: 31295065 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle injury and weakness are hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We showed previously that quercetin (Q) partially protected dystrophic limb muscles from disease-related injury. As quercetin activates PGC-1α through Sirtuin-1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, the depleted NAD+ in dystrophic skeletal muscle may limit quercetin efficacy; hence, supplementation with the NAD+ donor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), may facilitate quercetin efficacy. Lisinopril (Lis) protects skeletal muscle and improves cardiac function in dystrophin-deficient mice; therefore, it was included in this study to evaluate the effects of lisinopril used with quercetin and NR. Our purpose was to determine the extent to which Q, NR, and Lis decreased dystrophic injury. We hypothesized that Q, NR, or Lis alone would improve muscle function and decrease histological injury and when used in combination would have additive effects. Muscle function of 11-mo-old DBA (healthy), D2-mdx (dystrophin-deficient), and D2-mdx mice was assessed after treatment with Q, NR, and/or Lis for 7 mo. To mimic typical pharmacology of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a group was treated with prednisolone (Pred) in combination with Q, NR, and Lis. At 11 mo of age, dystrophin deficiency decreased specific tension and tetanic force in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles and was not corrected by any treatment. Dystrophic muscle was more sensitive to contraction-induced injury, which was partially offset in the QNRLisPred group, whereas fatigue was similar between all groups. Treatments did not decrease histological damage. These data suggest that treatment with Q, NR, Lis, and Pred failed to adequately maintain dystrophic limb muscle function or decrease histological damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite a compelling rationale and previous evidence to the contrary in short-term investigations, quercetin, nicotinamide riboside, or Lisinopril, alone or in combination, failed to restore muscle function or decrease histological injury in dystrophic limb muscle from D2-mdx mice after long-term administration. Importantly, we also found that in the D2-mdx model, an emerging and relatively understudied model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy dystrophin deficiency caused profound muscle dysfunction and histopathology in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Quindry
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kayleen Hammer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - John C Quindry
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Girolamo F, Lia A, Annese T, Giannini M, Amati A, D'Abbicco D, Tampoia M, Virgintino D, Ribatti D, Serlenga L, Iannone F, Trojano M. Autophagy markers LC3 and p62 accumulate in immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:315-327. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Girolamo
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs Bari Italy
| | - Anna Lia
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs Bari Italy
| | - Margherita Giannini
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Angela Amati
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Dario D'Abbicco
- Institute of General Surgery “G Marinaccio”Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Marilina Tampoia
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs Bari Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs Bari Italy
| | - Luigi Serlenga
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Maria Trojano
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tan Y, Gong Y, Dong M, Pei Z, Ren J. Role of autophagy in inherited metabolic and endocrine myopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:48-55. [PMID: 30343140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has reached an exponential rate of rise over the last decades owing to high fat/high caloric diet intake and satiety life style. Although the presence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and obesity mainly contributes to the increased incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, population-based, clinical and genetic studies have revealed a rather important role for inherited myopathies and endocrine disorders in the ever-rising metabolic anomalies. Inherited metabolic and endocrine diseases such as glycogen storage and lysosomal disorders have greatly contributed to the overall prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Recent evidence has demonstrated an essential role for proteotoxicity due to autophagy failure and/or dysregulation in the onset of inherited metabolic and endocrine disorders. Given the key role for autophagy in the degradation and removal of long-lived or injured proteins and organelles for the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis, this mini-review will discuss the potential contribution of autophagy dysregulation in the pathogenesis of inherited myopathies and endocrine disorders, which greatly contribute to an overall rise in prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. Molecular, clinical, and epidemiological aspects will be covered as well as the potential link between autophagy and metabolic anomalies thus target therapy may be engaged for these comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaohui Pei
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ganesan S, Brownstein AJ, Pearce SC, Hudson MB, Gabler NK, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Selsby JT. Prolonged environment-induced hyperthermia alters autophagy in oxidative skeletal muscle in Sus scrofa. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:160-169. [PMID: 29801622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged heat stress represents a continuing threat to human health and agricultural production. Despite the broad, negative impact of prolonged hyperthermia little is known about underlying pathological mechanisms leading to negative health outcomes, which has limited the development of etiological interventions and left clinicians and producers with only cooling and rehydration strategies. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which prolonged environment-induced hyperthermia altered autophagy in oxidative skeletal muscle in a large animal model, serving the dual purpose of accurately modeling human physiology as well as agricultural production. We hypothesized that prolonged hyperthermia would induce autophagy in skeletal muscle, independent of the accompanying caloric restriction. To test this hypothesis pigs were treated as follows: thermoneutral (20 °C), heat stress (35 °C), or were held under thermoneutral conditions but pair-fed to the heat stress group for seven days. Upon euthanasia the red portion of the semitendinosus was collected. We found that prolonged hyperthermic exposure increased oxidative stress without a corresponding change in antioxidant enzyme activities. Hyperthermia prevented initiation of autophagy despite increased markers of nucleation, elongation and autophagosome formation. However, p62 relative protein abundance, which is inversely correlated with autophagic degradation, was strongly increased suggesting suppressed degradation of autophagosomes. Markers of mitophagy and mitochondrial abundance were largely similar between groups. These data indicate that faulty autophagy plays a key role in hyperthermic muscle dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Pearce
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew B Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Nicolas K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Robert P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Modulation of Protein Quality Control and Proteasome to Autophagy Switch in Immortalized Myoblasts from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010178. [PMID: 29316663 PMCID: PMC5796127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of proteome integrity is of primary importance in post-mitotic tissues such as muscle cells; thus, protein quality control mechanisms must be carefully regulated to ensure their optimal efficiency, a failure of these processes being associated with various muscular disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common and severe forms of muscular dystrophies and is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Protein quality control modulations have been diversely observed in degenerating muscles of patients suffering from DMD or in animal models of the disease. In this study, we investigated whether modulations of protein quality control mechanisms already pre-exist in undifferentiated myoblasts originating from DMD patients. We report for the first time that the absence of dystrophin in human myoblasts is associated with protein aggregation stress characterized by an increase of protein aggregates. This stress is combined with BAG1 to BAG3 switch, NFκB activation and up-regulation of BAG3/HSPB8 complexes that ensure preferential routing of misfolded/aggregated proteins to autophagy rather than to deficient 26S proteasome. In this context, restoration of pre-existing alterations of protein quality control processes might represent an alternative strategy for DMD therapies.
Collapse
|