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Venturella M, Falsini A, Coppola F, Giuntini G, Carraro F, Zocco D, Chiesi A, Naldini A. CA-IX-Expressing Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) Are Released by Melanoma Cells under Hypoxia and in the Blood of Advanced Melanoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076122. [PMID: 37047096 PMCID: PMC10094632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, with poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by areas of hypoxia. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is a marker of tumor hypoxia and its expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). CA-IX has been found to be highly expressed in invasive melanomas. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in two melanoma in vitro models. We demonstrated that melanoma cells release sEVs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, but only hypoxia-induced sEVs express CA-IX mRNA and protein. Moreover, we optimized an ELISA assay to provide evidence for CA-IX protein expression on the membranes of the sEVs. These CA-IX-positive sEVs may be exploited as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Venturella
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Falsini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Coppola
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gaia Giuntini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Zocco
- Lonza Siena, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiesi
- Exosomics SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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Girawale SD, Meena SN, Nandre VS, Waghmode SB, Kodam KM. Biosynthesis of vanillic acid by Ochrobactrum anthropi and its applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:117000. [PMID: 36095944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vanillic acid has always been in high-demand in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, flavor, alcohol and polymer industries. Present study achieved highly pure synthesis of vanillic acid from vanillin using whole cells of Ochrobactrum anthropi strain T5_1. The complete biotransformation of vanillin (2 g/L) in to vanillic acid (2.2 g/L) with 95 % yield was achieved in single step in 7 h, whereas 5 g/L vanillin was converted to vanillic acid in 31 h. The vanillic acid thus produced was validated using LC-MS, GC-MS, FTIR and NMR. Further, vanillic acid was evaluated for in vitro anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic properties on B16F1 skin cell line in dose dependent manner with IC50 values of 15.84 mM and 9.24 mM respectively. The in silico Swiss target study predicted carbonic acid anhydrase IX and XII as key targets of vanillic acid inside the B16F1 skin cell line and revealed the possible mechanism underlying cell toxicity. Molecular docking indicated a strong linkage between vanillic acid and tyrosinase through four hydrogen and several hydrophobic bonds, with ΔG of -3.36 kJ/mol and Ki of 3.46 mM. The bioavailability of vanillic acid was confirmed by the Swiss ADME study with no violation of Lipinski's five rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita D Girawale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Surya N Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Vinod S Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Suresh B Waghmode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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3
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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Barker H, Syrjänen L, Valanne S, Purmonen S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S. Carbonic Anhydrases in Metazoan Model Organisms: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1327-1383. [PMID: 35166161 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo Syrjänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William S Sly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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4
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Smirnovienė J, Smirnov A, Zakšauskas A, Zubrienė A, Petrauskas V, Mickevičiūtė A, Michailovienė V, Čapkauskaitė E, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Baranauskienė L, Chen W, Ladbury JE, Matulis D. Switching the Inhibitor-Enzyme Recognition Profile via Chimeric Carbonic Anhydrase XII. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:567-580. [PMID: 33945229 PMCID: PMC8095314 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A key part of the optimization of small molecules in pharmaceutical inhibitor development is to vary the molecular design to enhance complementarity of chemical features of the compound with the positioning of amino acids in the active site of a target enzyme. Typically this involves iterations of synthesis, to modify the compound, and biophysical assay, to assess the outcomes. Selective targeting of the anti-cancer carbonic anhydrase isoform XII (CA XII), this process is challenging because the overall fold is very similar across the twelve CA isoforms. To enhance drug development for CA XII we used a reverse engineering approach where mutation of the key six amino acids in the active site of human CA XII into the CA II isoform was performed to provide a protein chimera (chCA XII) which is amenable to structure-based compound optimization. Through determination of structural detail and affinity measurement of the interaction with over 60 compounds we observed that the compounds that bound CA XII more strongly than CA II, switched their preference and bound more strongly to the engineered chimera, chCA XII, based on CA II, but containing the 6 key amino acids from CA XII, behaved as CA XII in its compound recognition profile. The structures of the compounds in the chimeric active site also resembled those determined for complexes with CA XII, hence validating this protein engineering approach in the development of new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein-DNA InteractionsInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein-DNA InteractionsInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Lina Baranauskienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
| | - Wen‐Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringInstitute of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsNational Central UniversityTaiwan
| | - John E. Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLC Miall BuildingLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug DesignInstitute of BiotechnologyLife Sciences CenterVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio 7Vilnius10257Lithuania
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5
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Percoco G, Patatian A, Eudier F, Grisel M, Bader T, Lati E, Savary G, Picard C, Benech P. Impact of cigarette smoke on physical-chemical and molecular proprieties of human skin in an ex vivo model. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:1610-1618. [PMID: 32939877 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a study about the skin ageing exposome, focusing on the effect of cigarette smoke. Human living skin explants (HSE) were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) of two cigarettes for 2 hours using a custom-made exposure chamber, the Pollubox® . Effects on the surface physico-chemistry and molecular properties of the skin were analyzed and reported for the first time. BASIC PROCEDURES To this end, transcriptomic study followed by immunohistochemistry, MDA (Malondialdehyde Dosage), and surface physio-chemistry data: surface free energy determination, TEWL (Trans Epidermal Water Loss), skin pH and FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared) spectroscopy of the explant were collected from untreated and treated HSE. MAIN FINDINGS Results showed a decrease of the total surface free energy of the treated HSE. This decrease reflected higher interactions with polar compounds from the environment and consequently a decrease of the surface hydrophobicity. Additionally, an increase of TEWL and skin pH was observed after treatment. The transcriptomic analysis showed downregulation of mitochondrial genes (PON2-NDUFA4L2-ATP1A1-ALDH2-PRODH) combined with an increase of MDA in CS-treated HSE. CONCLUSIONS CS-induced oxidation of lipids at HSE surface alters the skin barrier: interactions with polar products are enhanced and the lipid chain packing at the surface is modified. Consequently, skin permeability could increase which correlated with repression of CA9 and AQP1 genes. Beside activation of AHR-NRF2 pathway in CS-exposed HSE, our results suggested that mitochondrial functions were strongly impacted and oxidized lipids failed to be eliminated promoting skin barrier alteration. A mitophagy activity was suggested through the confirmation of PINK1 accumulation in the epidermis by immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florine Eudier
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Michel Grisel
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, Le Havre cedex, France
| | | | - Elian Lati
- BIO-EC Laboratory, Longjumeau, France.,Genex Laboratory, Longjumeau, France
| | | | - Céline Picard
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Philippe Benech
- Genex Laboratory, Longjumeau, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
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6
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Expression of elastolytic cathepsins in human skin and their involvement in age-dependent elastin degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129544. [PMID: 32007579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin ageing is associated with structure-functional changes in the extracellular matrix, which is in part caused by proteolytic degradation. Since cysteine cathepsins are major matrix protein-degrading proteases, we investigated the age-dependent expression of elastolytic cathepsins K, S, and V in human skin, their in vitro impact on the integrity of the elastic fibre network, their cleavage specificities, and the release of bioactive peptides. METHODS Cathepsin-mediated degradation of human skin elastin samples was assessed from young to very old human donors using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays, scanning electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Elastin samples derived from patients between 10 and 86 years of age were analysed and showed an age-dependent deterioration of the fibre structure from a dense network of thinner fibrils into a beaded and porous mesh. Reduced levels of cathepsins K, S, and V were observed in aged skin with a predominant epidermal expression. Cathepsin V was the most potent elastase followed by cathepsin K and S. Biomechanical analysis of degraded elastin fibres corroborated the destructive activity of cathepsins. Mass spectrometric determination of the cleavage sites in elastin revealed that all three cathepsins predominantly cleaved in hydrophobic domains. The degradation of elastin was efficiently inhibited by an ectosteric inhibitor. Furthermore, the degradation of elastin fibres resulted in the release of bioactive peptides, which have previously been associated with various pathologies. CONCLUSION Cathepsins are powerful elastin-degrading enzymes and capable of generating a multitude of elastokines. They may represent a viable target for intervention strategies to reduce skin ageing.
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7
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Targeting L-Lactate Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Immune Therapy of Melanoma and Other Tumor Entities. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2084195. [PMID: 31781212 PMCID: PMC6875281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2084195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy plays a significant role in tumor therapy, its efficacy is impaired by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A molecule that contributes to the protumor microenvironment is the metabolic product lactate. Lactate is produced in large amounts by cancer cells in response to either hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, and its presence in excess alters the normal functioning of immune cells. A key enzyme involved in lactate metabolism is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Elevated baseline LDH serum levels are associated with poor outcomes of current anticancer (immune) therapies, especially in patients with melanoma. Therefore, targeting LDH and other molecules involved in lactate metabolism might improve the efficacy of immune therapies. This review summarizes current knowledge about lactate metabolism and its role in the tumor microenvironment. Based on that information, we develop a rationale for deploying drugs that target lactate metabolism in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to overcome lactate-mediated immune escape of tumor cells.
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8
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Suri BK, Schmidtchen A, Verma NK. Carbonic anhydrases in human keratinocytes and their regulation by all‐
trans
retinoic acid and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D
3. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:976-980. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kaur Suri
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Copenhagen Wound Healing Center Bispebjerg Hospital Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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9
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Koch A, Schwab A. Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13105. [PMID: 29802798 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma incidence is on the rise and currently causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Yet, therapies for metastatic melanoma are still insufficient so that new concepts are essential. Malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma progression are intimately linked to the cutaneous pH landscape and its dysregulation in tumour lesions. The pH landscape of normal skin is characterized by a large pH gradient of up to 3 pH units between surface and dermis. The Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 is one of the major contributors of acidity in superficial skin layers. It is also activated by the most frequent mutation in melanoma, BRAFV 600E , thereby causing pH dysregulation during melanoma initiation. Melanoma progression is supported by an extracellular acidification and/or NHE1 activity which promote the escape of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour, migration and metastatic spreading. We propose that viewing melanoma against the background of the acid-base physiology of the skin provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and allows the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koch
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - A. Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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10
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Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Deptula M, Pelikant-Malecka I, Dzierzbicka K. Novel therapeutic compound acridine-retrotuftsin action on biological forms of melanoma and neuroblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:165-179. [PMID: 30367436 PMCID: PMC6326014 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a continuation of our search for anticancer agents, we have synthesized a new acridine-retrotuftsin analog HClx9-[Arg(NO2)-Pro-Lys-Thr-OCH3]-1-nitroacridine (named ART) and have evaluated its activity against melanoma and neuroblastoma lines. Both tumors develop from cells (melanocytes, neurons) of neuroectodermal origin, and both are tumors with high heterogeneity and unsatisfactory susceptibility to chemotherapies. Thus, we analyzed the action of ART on pairs of biological forms of melanoma (amelanotic and melanotic) and neuroblastoma (dopaminergic and cholinergic) with regard to proliferation, mechanism of cell death, and effect on the activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) enzymes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of ART was evaluated by XTT and trypan blue tests. Cell death was estimated by plasma membrane structure changes (phosphatidylserine and calreticulin externalization), caspase activation, presence of ROS (reactive oxygen species), activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, aconitase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase), NAD level, and ATP level. RESULTS ART influences the biological forms of melanoma and neuroblastoma in different ways. Amelanotic (Ab) melanoma (with the inhibited melanogenesis, higher malignancy) and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma (with cholinergic DC cells) were especially sensitive to ART action. The Ab melanoma cells died through apoptosis, while, with SH-SY5Y-DC neuroblastoma, the number of cells decreased but not as a result of apoptosis. With Ab melanoma and SH-SY5Y-DC cells, a diminished activity of TAC enzymes was noticed, along with ATP/NAD depletion. CONCLUSION Our data show that the biological forms of certain tumors responded in different ways to the action of ART. As a combination of retrotuftsin and acridine, the compound can be an inducer of apoptotic cell death of melanoma, especially the amelanotic form. Although the mechanism of the interrelationships between energy metabolism and cell death is not fully understood, interference of ART with TAC enzymes could encourage the further investigation of its anticancer action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslawa Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland.
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 St, 80-211, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Milena Deptula
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, PL, Poland
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11
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Lv PC, Roy J, Putt KS, Low PS. Evaluation of Nonpeptidic Ligand Conjugates for the Treatment of Hypoxic and Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Expressing Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:453-460. [PMID: 27980101 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of tumors contain regions of hypoxia, which cause marked phenotypic changes to resident cells. This altered gene expression often leads to increased resistance to anticancer treatments. Therefore, elimination of these resistant hypoxic cells is crucial to prevent disease recurrence. Herein, we describe the selective delivery of imaging and chemotherapeutic agents to cells expressing carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a highly upregulated hypoxia receptor. These agents were conjugated to a potent divalent CA IX ligand through a hydrophilic PEG linker. These conjugates are shown to bind CA IX-expressing cells in a receptor-dependent manner in vitro with mid-nanomolar affinities and in vivo with good tumor selectivity. In a mouse xenograft tumor model using HT-29 cells, a cytotoxic tubulysin B conjugate completely inhibited tumor growth. Overall, the targeting of a hypoxia marker, such as CA IX, to selectively deliver imaging or chemotherapeutic agents may lead to better treatment options for solid, hypoxic tumors. In addition, the combination of standard chemotherapeutics that are most potent in normoxic dividing cells and drugs specifically designed to eliminate hypoxic nondividing cells may elicit a superior clinical outcome. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 453-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jyoti Roy
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Philip S Low
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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12
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Pinheiro C, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Longatto-Filho A, Vicente ALSA, Berardinelli GN, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Costa RFA, Viana CR, Reis RM, Baltazar F, Vazquez VL. The metabolic microenvironment of melanomas: Prognostic value of MCT1 and MCT4. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1462-70. [PMID: 27105345 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutations are known drivers of melanoma development and, recently, were also described as players in the Warburg effect, while this reprogramming of energy metabolism has been identified as a possible strategy for treating melanoma patients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of a panel of glycolytic metabolism-related proteins in a series of melanomas. The immunohistochemical expression of MCT1, MCT4, GLUT1, and CAIX was evaluated in 356 patients presenting melanoma and 20 patients presenting benign nevi. Samples included 20 benign nevi, 282 primary melanomas, 117 lymph node and 54 distant metastases samples. BRAF mutation was observed in 29/92 (31.5%) melanoma patients and 17/20 (85%) benign nevi samples. NRAS mutation was observed in 4/36 (11.1%) melanoma patients and 1/19 (5.3%) benign nevi samples. MCT4 and GLUT1 expression was significantly increased in metastatic samples, and MCT1, MCT4 and GLUT1 were significantly associated with poor prognostic variables. Importantly, MCT1 and MCT4 were associated with shorter overall survival. In conclusion, the present study brings new insights on metabolic aspects of melanoma, paving the way for the development of new-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pinheiro
- a Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal.,e Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-14), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Anna L S A Vicente
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Berardinelli
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo F A Costa
- a Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristiano R Viana
- f Pathology Department , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Vinicius L Vazquez
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,g Surgery Department , Melanoma/Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
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13
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Pucciarelli D, Lengger N, Takáčová M, Csaderova L, Bartosova M, Breiteneder H, Pastorekova S, Hafner C. Hypoxia increases the heterogeneity of melanoma cell populations and affects the response to vemurafenib. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3281-8. [PMID: 26936534 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A hypoxic microenvironment is one of the predominant reasons for incomplete response to melanoma treatment. Vemurafenib, which targets the mutated BRAF-V600 kinase, improves melanoma patient survival, however, resistance invariably develops. The present study evaluated the effect of hypoxia on three BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma cell lines, M14, A375 and 518A2, treated with vemurafenib. Compared with the other two cell lines, hypoxic vemurafenib-treated A375 cells exhibited an enhanced cell proliferation rate and migratory capacity compared with normoxic vemurafenib-treated A375 cells. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that the expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and carbonic anhydrase IX were reduced in vemurafenib‑treated M14 and 518A2 cells, however, not in A375 cells. The expression levels of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3‑kinase signaling pathway proteins revealed a cell‑type specific response to vemurafenib and hypoxia. Knockdown experiments of HIF1α performed in hypoxic A375 cells decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p‑)protein kinase B, which was restored following vemurafenib treatment, and increased the expression of p‑extracellular‑signal‑regulated kinases. Therefore, three melanoma cell lines responded to vemurafenib under hypoxia in a cell type‑specific manner, suggesting that a subset of cells provides a treatment-resistant pool, from which disease relapse may originate. These data confirmed that vemurafenib may be successful in treating the proliferating cells, whereas the non‑proliferating subpopulation must be addressed by a combination of vemurafenib with other treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pucciarelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A‑1090, Austria
| | - Nina Lengger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A‑1090, Austria
| | - Martina Takáčová
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81101, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81101, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81101, Slovakia
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A‑1090, Austria
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81101, Slovakia
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A‑1090, Austria
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14
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Kumari S, Idrees D, Mishra CB, Prakash A, Wahiduzzaman, Ahmad F, Hassan MI, Tiwari M. Design and synthesis of a novel class of carbonic anhydrase-IX inhibitor 1-(3-(phenyl/4-fluorophenyl)-7-imino-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5d]pyrimidin 6(7H)yl)urea. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 64:101-109. [PMID: 26826799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a promising target in cancer therapy especially in the case of hypoxia-induced tumors. The selective inhibition of CA isozymes is a challenging task in drug design and discovery process. Here, we performed fluorescence-binding studies and inhibition assay combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses to determine the binding affinity of two synthesized triazolo-pyrimidine urea derived (TPUI and TPUII) compounds with CAIX and CAII. Fluorescence binding results are showing that molecule TPUI has an excellent binding-affinity for CAIX (kD=0.048μM). The TPUII also exhibits an appreciable binding affinity (kD=7.52μM) for CAIX. TPUI selectively inhibits CAIX as compared to TPUII in the 4-NPA assay. Docking studies show that TPUI is spatially well-fitted in the active site cavity of CAIX, and is involve in H-bond interactions with His94, His96, His119, Thr199 and Thr200. MD simulation studies revealed that TPUI efficiently binds to CAIX and essential active site residual interaction is consistent during the entire simulation of 40ns. These studies suggest that TPUI appeared as novel class of CAIX inhibitor, and may be used as a lead molecule for the development of potent and selective CAIX inhibitor for the hypoxia-induced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Danish Idrees
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Wahiduzzaman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
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15
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Carbonic anhydrase 1 is a promising biomarker for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:553-9. [PMID: 26232327 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify candidate biomarkers associated with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sera from three groups, a lung cancer group (n = 11), benign control group (n = 12), and normal control group (n = 10), were collected and pooled. Protein expression profiles were analyzed by a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). These methods were used to separate, screen, and identify proteins that were differentially expressed between stage I NSCLC and controls. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by both Western blot and ELISA in an expanded sample size (22, 18, and 18 in three groups, respectively). MALDI-MS identified 12 differentially expressed proteins in the lung cancer group compared to the two control groups. Expression of carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) was validated by Western blot. CA1 was significantly elevated in the lung cancer group compared to controls. ELISA results confirmed that CA1 in the lung cancer group (3.18 ± 1.27 ng/mL, n = 22) was highly expressed in stage I NSCLC patients compared to those in the benign control group (2.21 ± 0.71 ng/mL, n = 18) and the normal control group (2.04 ± 0.63 ng/mL, n = 18) (P = 0.001). In conclusion, we provide evidence that CA1 is highly expressed in the sera of stage I NSCLC patients. Additionally, CA1 might serve as a novel biomarker for early detection of NSCLC.
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16
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Pucciarelli D, Lengger N, Takacova M, Csaderova L, Bartosova M, Breiteneder H, Pastorekova S, Hafner C. Anti-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4-specific antibodies modify the effects of vemurafenib on melanoma cells differentially in normoxia and hypoxia. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:81-90. [PMID: 25997619 PMCID: PMC4485656 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a highly immunogenic melanoma tumor antigen, is a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy. The mechanism by which CSPG4 affects melanoma progression is only partly understood, in particular the involvement of other receptor tyrosine kinases and the tumor microenvironment. We have previously reported on a mimotope-based vaccine against CSPG4 in a human melanoma xenograft model that resulted in reduction of tumor growth. Herein we describe the influence of hypoxia on the response to polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies induced by this vaccine in combination with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib to enhance therapeutic efficacy by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways. Melanoma cells were treated with polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies and vemurafenib. Proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated in a real-time setting in the impedance-based x-CELLigence® system. Western blotting and quantitative PCR arrays were used to determine protein and mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and signaling pathway proteins. A melanoma xenograft model was used to detect HIF1α and CAIX expression in vivo. Hypoxia enhanced the antiproliferative response to vemurafenib. The migration and invasion capacities of vemurafenib-treated melanoma cells were increased, in spite of vemurafenib-decreased expression of HIF1α and CAIX. Polyclonal anti-CSPG4-antibodies reduced the Transwell migration of vemurafenib-treated, BRAF V600E-mutant and CSPG4-expressing melanoma cells in hypoxia. This was associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated AKT, a kinase contributing to tumor cell migration. Our results highlight CSPG4 as a potential target for modulating treatment resistance to vemurafenib induced by the hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pucciarelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Lengger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Takacova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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