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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Amer AM, Charnock C, Nguyen S. Novel Teixobactin Analogues Show Promising In Vitro Activity on Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:349. [PMID: 39254872 PMCID: PMC11387452 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of infections caused by biofilm-forming organisms is challenging. The newly discovered antibiotic teixobactin shows activity against a wide range of biofilm-forming bacteria. However, the laborious and low-yield chemical synthesis of teixobactin complicates its further development for clinical application. The use of more easily synthesized teixobactin analogues may offer promise in this regard. In this article, three newly developed analogues were tested for efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Minimum inhibitory and -bactericidal concentrations were investigated. MIC values for S. aureus and E. faecalis ranged from 0.5-2 and 2-4 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the ability of the analogues to prevent biofilm formation and to inactivate bacterial cells in already established S. aureus biofilm on medical grade materials (PVC and PTFE) used in the production of infusion tubing and catheters were also tested. The analogues showed an ability to prevent biofilm formation and inactivate bacterial cells in established biofilms at concentrations as low as 1-2 μg/mL. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the most promising analogue (TB3) inactivated S. aureus cells in a preformed biofilm and gave a reduction in biovolume. The relative ease of synthesis of the analogues and their in vitro efficacy, makes them promising candidates for pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Amer
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Pilestredet 50, 0167, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Colin Charnock
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Pilestredet 50, 0167, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanko Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Pilestredet 50, 0167, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Queiroz HA, da Silva LJ, Dias Barroso FD, do Amaral Valente Sá LG, de Andrade Neto JB, Motta da Costa ÉR, de Oliveira LC, Barbosa AD, de Farias Cabral VP, Rodrigues DS, Almeida Moreira LE, Cavalcanti BC, Magalhães IL, de Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV, da Silva CR. Evaluation of amlodipine against strains of Candida spp. in planktonic cells, developing biofilms and mature biofilms. Future Microbiol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39235062 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2390286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of amlodipine against strains of Candida spp. and to its possible mechanism of action.Methods: Broth microdilution tests were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, while the synergistic activity was evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. The action of amlodipine against biofilms was determined using the MTT assay and its possible mechanism of action was investigated through flow cytometry tests.Results: Amlodipine showed MICs ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/ml, in addition to action against pre-formed and forming biofilms, with reductions between 50 and 90%. Amlodipine increases the externalization of phosphatidylserine and reduces the cell viability of fungal cells, suggesting apoptosis.Conclusion: Amlodipine had good antifungal activity against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp., by leading the cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaine Almeida Queiroz
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima Daiana Dias Barroso
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Érica Rayanne Motta da Costa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Leilson Carvalho de Oliveira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Islay Lima Magalhães
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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4
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David A, Tahrioui A, Tareau AS, Forge A, Gonzalez M, Bouffartigues E, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Lifecycle: Involvement of Mechanical Constraints and Timeline of Matrix Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:688. [PMID: 39199987 PMCID: PMC11350761 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing acute and chronic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its remarkable adaptability and resistance to various antimicrobial treatments make it difficult to eradicate. Its persistence is enabled by its ability to form a biofilm. Biofilm is a community of sessile micro-organisms in a self-produced extracellular matrix, which forms a scaffold facilitating cohesion, cell attachment, and micro- and macro-colony formation. This lifestyle provides protection against environmental stresses, the immune system, and antimicrobial treatments, and confers the capacity for colonization and long-term persistence, often characterizing chronic infections. In this review, we retrace the events of the life cycle of P. aeruginosa biofilm, from surface perception/contact to cell spreading. We focus on the importance of extracellular appendages, mechanical constraints, and the kinetics of matrix component production in each step of the biofilm life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Univ Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CBSA UR 4312, F-76000 Rouen, France
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5
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Loffredo M, Casciaro B, Bellavita R, Troiano C, Brancaccio D, Cappiello F, Merlino F, Galdiero S, Fabrizi G, Grieco P, Stella L, Carotenuto A, Mangoni ML. Strategic Single-Residue Substitution in the Antimicrobial Peptide Esc(1-21) Confers Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Including Drug-Resistant and Biofilm Phenotype. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2403-2418. [PMID: 38848266 PMCID: PMC11250030 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium resistant to multiple drugs, is a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide an excellent potential strategy to cope with this threat. Recently, we characterized a derivative of the frog-skin AMP esculentin-1a, Esc(1-21) (1) that is endowed with potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria but poor efficacy against Gram-positive strains. In this study, three analogues of peptide 1 were designed by replacing Gly8 with α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), Pro, and dPro (2-4, respectively). The single substitution Gly8 → Aib8 in peptide 2 makes it active against the planktonic form of Gram-positive bacterial strains, especially Staphylococcus aureus, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, with an improved biostability without resulting in cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Moreover, peptide 2 showed a higher antibiofilm activity than peptide 1 against both reference and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Peptide 2 was also able to induce rapid bacterial killing, suggesting a membrane-perturbing mechanism of action. Structural analysis of the most active peptide 2 evidenced that the improved biological activity of peptide 2 is the consequence of a combination of higher biostability, higher α helical content, and ability to reduce membrane fluidity and to adopt a distorted helix, bent in correspondence of Aib8. Overall, this study has shown how a strategic single amino acid substitution is sufficient to enlarge the spectrum of activity of the original peptide 1, and improve its biological properties for therapeutic purposes, thus paving the way to optimize AMPs for the development of new broad-spectrum anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Rosa Loffredo
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Bellavita
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cassandra Troiano
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Baumgartner M, Makristathis A, Gasche C, Muttenthaler M. Gastrointestinal Biofilms: Endoscopic Detection, Disease Relevance, and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05054-6. [PMID: 38876174 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal biofilms are highly heterogenic and spatially organized polymicrobial communities that can expand and cover large areas in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, mucus disruption, and epithelial invasion are associated with pathogenic biofilms that have been linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, gastric cancer, and colon cancer. Intestinal biofilms are highly prevalent in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome patients, and most endoscopists will have observed such biofilms during colonoscopy, maybe without appreciating their biological and clinical importance. Gut biofilms have a protective extracellular matrix that renders them challenging to treat, and effective therapies are yet to be developed. This review covers gastrointestinal biofilm formation, growth, appearance and detection, biofilm architecture and signalling, human host defence mechanisms, disease and clinical relevance of biofilms, therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives. Critical knowledge gaps and open research questions regarding the biofilm's exact pathophysiological relevance and key hurdles in translating therapeutic advances into the clinic are discussed. Taken together, this review summarizes the status quo in gut biofilm research and provides perspectives and guidance for future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maximillian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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7
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Slade-Vitković M, Batarilo I, Bielen L, Maravić-Vlahoviček G, Bedenić B. In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Fosfomycin Alone and in Combination with Other Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:769. [PMID: 38931436 PMCID: PMC11206416 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its rapid resistance development and ability to form biofilms, treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is becoming more complicated by the day. Drug combinations may help reduce both resistance and biofilm formation. METHODS Using the microtiter plate assay, we investigated the in vitro inhibition of biofilm formation and the disruption of preformed biofilms in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in the presence of peak plasma levels of eight antipseudomonal antibiotics alone and in combination with fosfomycin: ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. RESULTS Combination therapy was significantly superior to monotherapy in its inhibition of biofilm formation. The highest inhibition rates were observed for combinations with colistin, cefepime and ceftazidime. CONCLUSION Our results support fosfomycin combination therapy as an enhanced prophylactic option. Moreover, combinations with β-lactam antibiotics and colistin demonstrated a more potent inhibition effect on biofilm formation than protein synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Slade-Vitković
- Microbiology Department, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.-V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivanka Batarilo
- Microbiology Department, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.-V.); (I.B.)
| | - Luka Bielen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Maravić-Vlahoviček
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Bedenić
- Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Biomedical Research Center Šalata—BIMIS, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Zhang C, Wang C, Dai J, Xiu Z. The inhibition mechanism of co-cultured probiotics on biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae138. [PMID: 38857885 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial inflection, is known for its ability to form biofilm. The purpose of the current study is to assess how co- or mono-cultured probiotics affect K. pneumoniae's ability to produce biofilms and investigate the potential mechanisms by using a polyester nonwoven chemostat and a Caco-2 cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with pure cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus sake, the formation of K. pneumoniae biofilm was remarkably inhibited by the mixture of L. rhamnosus, L. sake, and Bacillus subtilis at a ratio of 5:5:1 by means of qPCR and FISH assays. In addition, Lactobacillus in combination with B. subtilis could considerably reduce the adherence of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells by using inhibition, competition, and displacement assays. According to the RT-PCR assay, the adsorption of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells was effectively inhibited by the co-cultured probiotics, leading to significant reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, the HPLC and RT-PCR analyses showed that the co-cultured probiotics were able to successfully prevent the expression of the biofilm-related genes of K. pneumoniae by secreting plenty of organic acids as well as the second signal molecule (c-di-GMP), resulting in inhibition on biofilm formation. CONCLUSION Co-culture of L. sake, L. rhamnosus, and B. subtilis at a ratio of 5:5:1 could exert an antagonistic effect on the colonization of pathogenic K. pneumoniae by down-regulating the expression of biofilm-related genes. At the same time, the co-cultured probiotics could effectively inhibit the adhesion of K. pneumoniae to Caco-2 cells and block the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Zhang
- Public Security Management Department, Liaoning Police College, Yingping Road 260, Dalian 116036, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianying Dai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
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9
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Mishra SK, Baidya S, Bhattarai A, Shrestha S, Homagain S, Rayamajhee B, Hui A, Willcox M. Bacteriology of endotracheal tube biofilms and antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2024; 147:146-157. [PMID: 38522561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria commonly adhere to surfaces and produce polymeric material to encase the attached cells to form communities called biofilms. Within these biofilms, bacteria can appear to be many times more resistant to antibiotics or disinfectants. This systematic review explores the prevalence and microbial profile associated with biofilm production of bacteria isolated from endotracheal tubes and its associations with antimicrobial resistance. A comprehensive search was performed on databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2022. The relevant articles were exported to Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8 and screened by title and abstract, followed by full text screening based on the eligibility criteria of the study. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) customized for cross-sectional studies. Furthermore, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-producers isolated from endotracheal tube specimens was investigated. Twenty studies encompassing 981 endotracheal tubes met the eligibility criteria. Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were predominant isolates among the biofilm producers. These biofilms provided strong resistance against commonly used antibiotics. The highest resistance rate observed in Pseudomonas spp. was against fluoroquinolones whereas the least resistance was seen against piperacillin-tazobactam. A similar trend of susceptibility was observed in Acinetobacter spp. with a very high resistance rate against fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. In conclusion, endotracheal tubes were associated with colonization by biofilm forming bacteria with varying levels of antimicrobial resistance. Biofilms may promote the occurrence of recalcitrant infections in endotracheal tubes which need to be managed with appropriate protocols and antimicrobial stewardship. Research focus should shift towards meticulous exploration of biofilm-associated infections to improve detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mishra
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - S Baidya
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Bhattarai
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Shrestha
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Homagain
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Center for Ocular Research and Education, School of Optometry &Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Islam F, Zeng Q. Advances in Organosulfur-Based Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1207. [PMID: 38732676 PMCID: PMC11085353 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur-based polymers have unique properties that make them useful for targeted and managed drug delivery, which can improve therapy while reducing side effects. This work aims to provide a brief review of the synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and packages of organosulfur-based polymers in drug delivery. More importantly, this work discusses the characterization, biocompatibility, controlled release, nanotechnology, and targeted therapeutic aspects of these important structural units. This review provides not only a good comprehension of organosulfur-based polymers but also an insightful discussion of potential future prospectives in research. The discovery of novel organosulfur polymers and innovations is highly expected to be stimulated in order to synthesize polymer prototypes with increased functional accuracy, efficiency, and low cost for many industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingle Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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11
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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12
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Mantzios PG, Spyropoulou P, Hatzianastasiou S, Efthymiou D, Filippopoulos E, Mamarelis C, Potsios C, Filioti K, Letsas CA. Pediococcus pentosaceus Endocarditis in a Patient With Recent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e57509. [PMID: 38707070 PMCID: PMC11067400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in the management of severe aortic stenosis, mainly in older and/or medically compromised patients, due to its minimally invasive nature. As in any valve replacement procedure, endocarditis is a recognized complication, more so in TAVI patients, in whom comorbidities are highly prevalent. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis and a recent TAVI, who presented with recurrent fever and sustainedPediococcus pentosaceus bacteremia. The diagnosis of endocarditis was delayed, as the microorganism was initially discarded as a contaminant, given that Pediococci are rarely described as human pathogens. However, in cirrhotic patients, microbiota may cause intermittent bacteremia and thereby affect prosthetic valves. Transthoracic echocardiography was not helpful in validating the diagnosis, as is often the case in TAVI patients. Transesophageal echocardiography was deemed perilous, due to esophageal varices complicating the underlying cirrhosis. Therefore, endocarditis diagnosis was based on sustained bacteremia and Duke's criteria, including the presence of high fever, a predisposing cardiac lesion, splenic infarction, and the exclusion of an alternative diagnosis. Moreover, cirrhosis enhanced the side effects of treatment and led to the need for regimen changes and prolonged hospitalization. Given the precariousness of the situation, confirmation of treatment success by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) scan was sought. This is the first reported case of Pediococcus TAVI endocarditis in a cirrhotic patient, highlighting the unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of TAVI endocarditis in patients with co-existing conditions.
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13
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Huynh FD, Damiani G, Bunick CG. Rethinking Hidradenitis Suppurativa Management: Insights into Bacterial Interactions and Treatment Evolution. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:268. [PMID: 38534703 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), or acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition characterized by painful and recurrent nodules and purulent abscesses. HS can have a devastating impact on the quality of life of patients. This condition is commonly localized to the axilla, groin, perineal, and inframammary regions, and can develop fistulas and sinus tracts over time. Its pathogenesis remains elusive and is best characterized at the moment as multi-factorial. Additionally, questions remain about the role of cutaneous dysbiosis as a primary HS trigger or as a secondary perturbation due to HS inflammation. This article features works in relation to HS and its interplay with bacterial microflora. We address current treatment approaches and their impact on HS-related bacteria, as well as areas of therapeutic innovation. In the future, disease-modifying or remittive therapy will likely combine an advanced/targeted anti-inflammatory approach with one that effectively modulates cutaneous and deep tissue dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Italian Centre of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher G Bunick
- Department of Dermatology and Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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14
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Braun J, Ortega-Liebana MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Sieber SA. A Pd-labile fluoroquinolone prodrug efficiently prevents biofilm formation on coated surfaces. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1998-2002. [PMID: 38375536 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Surface-adhered bacteria on implants represent a major challenge for antibiotic treatment. We introduce hydrogel-coated surfaces loaded with tailored Pd-nanosheets which catalyze the release of antibiotics from inactive prodrugs. Masked and antibiotically inactive fluoroquinolone analogs were efficiently activated at the surface and prevented the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Braun
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - M Carmen Ortega-Liebana
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
- CRUK Scotland Centre, UK
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
- CRUK Scotland Centre, UK
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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15
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Summer K, Liu L, Guo Q, Barkla B, Benkendorff K. Semi-purified Antimicrobial Proteins from Oyster Hemolymph Inhibit Pneumococcal Infection. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10297-w. [PMID: 38430292 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among children. The ability of S. pneumoniae to form enduring biofilms makes treatment inherently difficult, and options are further limited by emerging antibiotic resistance. The discovery of new antibiotics, particularly those with antibiofilm activity, is therefore increasingly important. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) from marine invertebrates are recognised as promising pharmacological leads. This study determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of hemolymph and unique protein fractions from an Australian oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) against multi-drug-resistant S. pneumoniae. We developed a successful method for hemolymph extraction and separation into 16 fractions by preparative HPLC. The strongest activity was observed in fraction 7: at 42 µg/mL protein, this fraction was bactericidal to S. pneumoniae and inhibited biofilm formation. Proteomic analysis showed that fraction 7 contained relatively high abundance of carbonic anhydrase, cofilin, cystatin B-like, and gelsolin-like proteins, while surrounding fractions, which showed lower or no antibacterial activity, contained these proteins in lower abundance or not at all. This work supports traditional medicinal uses of oysters and contributes to further research and development of novel hemolymph/AMP-based treatments for pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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16
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Surekha S, Lamiyan AK, Gupta V. Antibiotic Resistant Biofilms and the Quest for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:20-35. [PMID: 38468748 PMCID: PMC10924852 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major leading causes of death around the globe. Present treatment pipelines are insufficient to overcome the critical situation. Prominent biofilm forming human pathogens which can thrive in infection sites using adaptive features results in biofilm persistence. Considering the present scenario, prudential investigations into the mechanisms of resistance target them to improve antibiotic efficacy is required. Regarding this, developing newer and effective treatment options using edge cutting technologies in medical research is the need of time. The reasons underlying the adaptive features in biofilm persistence have been centred on different metabolic and physiological aspects. The high tolerance levels against antibiotics direct researchers to search for novel bioactive molecules that can help combat the problem. In view of this, the present review outlines the focuses on an opportunity of different strategies which are in testing pipeline can thus be developed into products ready to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- GMCH: Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Feng Y, Bian J, Yu G, Zhao P, Yue J. Quaternary ammonium-tethered hyperbranched polyurea nanoassembly synergized with antibiotics for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1185-1196. [PMID: 38226542 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The effective transportation of antibiotics to bacteria embedded within a biofilm consisting of a dense matrix of extracellular polymeric substances is still a challenge in the treatment of bacterial biofilm associated infections. Here, we developed an antibiotic nanocarrier constructed from quaternary ammonium-tethered hyperbranched polyureas (HPUs-QA), which showed high loading capacity for a model antibiotic, rifampicin, and high efficacy in the transportation of rifampicin to biofilms. The rifampicin-loaded HPUs-QA nanoassembly (HPUs-Rif/QA) demonstrated a synergistic antimicrobial effect in killing planktonic bacteria and eradicating the corresponding biofilms. Compared to the treatment of bacteria-infected chronic wounds by either HPUs-QA or rifampicin alone, HPUs-Rif/QA showed superior efficacy in promoting wound healing by more effectively inhibiting bacteria colonization. This study highlights the potential of the HPUs-QA nanoassembly in synergistic action with antibiotics for the treatment of biofilm associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Bian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Guoyi Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
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18
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Böhning J, Tarafder AK, Bharat TA. The role of filamentous matrix molecules in shaping the architecture and emergent properties of bacterial biofilms. Biochem J 2024; 481:245-263. [PMID: 38358118 PMCID: PMC10903470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria naturally occur within spatially organised, multicellular communities called biofilms. Moreover, most bacterial infections proceed with biofilm formation, posing major challenges to human health. Within biofilms, bacterial cells are embedded in a primarily self-produced extracellular matrix, which is a defining feature of all biofilms. The biofilm matrix is a complex, viscous mixture primarily composed of polymeric substances such as polysaccharides, filamentous protein fibres, and extracellular DNA. The structured arrangement of the matrix bestows bacteria with beneficial emergent properties that are not displayed by planktonic cells, conferring protection against physical and chemical stresses, including antibiotic treatment. However, a lack of multi-scale information at the molecular level has prevented a better understanding of this matrix and its properties. Here, we review recent progress on the molecular characterisation of filamentous biofilm matrix components and their three-dimensional spatial organisation within biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Böhning
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Abul K. Tarafder
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
| | - Tanmay A.M. Bharat
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, U.K
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19
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Zafer MM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Ghosh S, Bornman C, Elfaky MA. Biofilm-mediated infections by multidrug-resistant microbes: a comprehensive exploration and forward perspectives. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:101. [PMID: 38353831 PMCID: PMC10867068 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm is a collection of microorganisms organized in a matrix of extracellular polymeric material. Biofilms consist of microbial cells that attach to both surfaces and each other, whether they are living or non-living. These microbial biofilms can lead to hospital-acquired infections and are generally detrimental. They possess the ability to resist the human immune system and antibiotics. The National Institute of Health (NIH) states that biofilm formation is associated with 65% of all microbial illnesses and 80% of chronic illnesses. Additionally, non-device-related microbial biofilm infections include conditions like cystic fibrosis, otitis media, infective endocarditis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of research on chronic infections caused by microbial biofilms, methods used for biofilm detection, recent approaches to combat biofilms, and future perspectives, including the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and agents that disrupt biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Charné Bornman
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Joshi H, Kandari D, Maitra SS, Bhatnagar R, Banerjee N. Identification of genes associated with persistence in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1302883. [PMID: 38410395 PMCID: PMC10894938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of bacterial persisters is related to their phenotypic diversity and is responsible for the relapse of chronic infections. Tolerance to antibiotic therapy is the hallmark of bacterial persistence. In this study, we have screened a transposon library of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 strain using antibiotic tolerance, survival in mouse macrophages, and biofilm-forming ability of the mutants. Out of 10 thousand clones screened, we selected ten mutants defective in all the three phenotypes. Six mutants showed significantly lower persister abundance under different stress conditions. Insertions in three genes belonging to the pathways of oxidative phosphorylation msmeg_3233 (cydA), biotin metabolism msmeg_3194 (bioB), and oxidative metabolism msmeg_0719, a flavoprotein monooxygenase, significantly reduced the number of live cells, suggesting their role in pathways promoting long-term survival. Another group that displayed a moderate reduction in CFU included a glycosyltransferase, msmeg_0392, a hydrogenase subunit, msmeg_2263 (hybC), and a DNA binding protein, msmeg_2211. The study has revealed potential candidates likely to facilitate the long-term survival of M. smegmatis. The findings offer new targets to develop antibiotics against persisters. Further, investigating the corresponding genes in M. tuberculosis may provide valuable leads in improving the treatment of chronic and persistent tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Kandari
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Divacc Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., incubated under Atal Incubation Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhrangsu Sundar Maitra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupama Banerjee
- Divacc Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., incubated under Atal Incubation Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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21
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Grooters KE, Ku JC, Richter DM, Krinock MJ, Minor A, Li P, Kim A, Sawyer R, Li Y. Strategies for combating antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1352273. [PMID: 38322672 PMCID: PMC10846525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, which are complexes of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and secrete protective extracellular matrices, wield substantial influence across diverse domains such as medicine, industry, and environmental science. Despite ongoing challenges posed by biofilms in clinical medicine, research in this field remains dynamic and indeterminate. This article provides a contemporary assessment of biofilms and their treatment, with a focus on recent advances, to chronicle the evolving landscape of biofilm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E. Grooters
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - David M. Richter
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Matthew J. Krinock
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Ashley Minor
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Patrick Li
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Audrey Kim
- Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Robert Sawyer
- Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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22
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Motevasel M, Haghkhah M, Azimzadeh N. Phylogenetic Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of P. aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:6213873. [PMID: 38249645 PMCID: PMC10799695 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6213873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm production and drug resistance phenomenon play a critical role in P. aeruginosa infections. Several genes, including psl, pel, brlR, and mex, are involved in the phenomenon. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between the mentioned genes and the sources of P. aeruginosa infections. Materials and Methods Fifty-nine P. aeruginosa isolates detected from clinical specimens were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns, prevalence of the genes using PCR, biofilm formation, biofilm eradication concentration assay (MBEC), and epidemiological characteristics using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The results showed that 35.6% and 16.94% of all the samples were isolated from urine and wounds, 81.33% of the isolates were biofilm producers, 27.11% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 100% of the main biofilm former genes belonged to pslA. 94.91% of the isolates possessed brlR and mexA, and 91.5% of them expressed pslA. It was also indicated that neither ciprofloxacin nor imipenem could eradicate the formed biofilms. Moreover, we could identify 81.4% distinctive restriction profiles among the isolates, using an 80% similarity cutoff point; brlR and pel genes were significantly (P=0.032; P=0.044) related to phylogenetic pulsotypes. Comparison of the dendrogram in the isolates revealed that the detected isolates from urine were present in 12 different pulsotypes. Conclusion It was found that there was a relationship between MDR, biofilm production, and brlR and pel genes among the isolates. It is distinguished there were similar genetic patterns between detected isolates from urine and could be concluded that the urinary tract played a critical role in maintaining and transferring biofilm drug-resistant genes of P. aeruginosa in clinical sites. The study highlights the importance of urine in distribution of clinical biofilm formation and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Motevasel
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghkhah
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azimzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Vuotto C, Donelli G, Buckley A, Chilton C. Clostridioides difficile Biofilm. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1435:249-272. [PMID: 38175479 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), previously Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection of the large intestine caused by the spore-forming anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile. CDI is an important healthcare-associated disease worldwide, characterized by high levels of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. CDI is observed at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients after antimicrobial therapy, with antibiotics disrupting the commensal microbiota and promoting C. difficile colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.A rise in clinical isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics and the reduced susceptibility to the most commonly used antibiotic molecules have made the treatment of CDI more complicated, allowing the persistence of C. difficile in the intestinal environment.Gut colonization and biofilm formation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of C. difficile. In fact, biofilm growth is considered as a serious threat because of the related antimicrobial tolerance that makes antibiotic therapy often ineffective. This is the reason why the involvement of C. difficile biofilm in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CDI is attracting more and more interest, and the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation of C. difficile as well as the role of biofilm in CDI are increasingly being studied by researchers in the field.Findings on C. difficile biofilm, possible implications in CDI pathogenesis and treatment, efficacy of currently available antibiotics in treating biofilm-forming C. difficile strains, and some antimicrobial alternatives under investigation will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vuotto
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Anthony Buckley
- Microbiome and Nutritional Sciences Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Chilton
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Medical Research at St James, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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24
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Ahmad S, Rahman H, Mumtaz S, Qasim M, Rahman ZU, Alsuwat MA, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Ali S. mecA and fdh: markers of pathogenicity and commensalism in Staphylococcus epidermidis of pediatric origin from Pakistan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116109. [PMID: 37918188 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen. The study screened isolates of S. epidermidis of pediatric origin for genetic markers of discriminatory potential. 103 isolates (n = 75 clinical; n = 28 community) were screened for methicillin resistance (mecA), formate dehydrogenase (fdh) and an array of virulence factors through multiplex PCR and Congo red assay. The isolates were typed in four distinct categories, based on the presence of selected virulent factors. The type A clinical isolates carrying icaADBC operon (n = 22; 29.3%, P = 0.117) were not significantly differentiating the origin of isolates. The type B clinical isolates representing methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) (n = 73; 97.3%, P < 0.00001) and the type C clinical isolates lacking formate dehydrogenase fdh (n = 62; 82.6%, P < 0.00001) were having significant discriminatory potential of clinical isolates, respectively. All type D community isolates were carrying fdh (n = 28; 100%, P < 0.00001). MecA and fdh are significant differential markers of pathogenicity and commensalism in S. epidermidis of pediatric origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Sumbal Mumtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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25
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Sukmarini L, Atikana A, Hertiani T. Antibiofilm activity of marine microbial natural products: potential peptide- and polyketide-derived molecules from marine microbes toward targeting biofilm-forming pathogens. J Nat Med 2024; 78:1-20. [PMID: 37930514 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and treating biofilm-related infections is challenging because of the widespread presence of multidrug-resistant microbes. Biofilm, a naturally occurring matrix of microbial aggregates, has developed intricate and diverse resistance mechanisms against many currently used antibiotics. This poses a significant problem, especially for human health, including clinically chronic infectious diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for and develop new and more effective antibiotics. As the marine environment is recognized as a promising reservoir of new biologically active molecules with potential pharmacological properties, marine natural products, particularly those of microbial origin, have emerged as a promising source of antibiofilm agents. Marine microbes represent an untapped source of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, marine natural products, owing to their self-defense mechanisms and adaptation to harsh conditions, encompass a wide range of chemical compounds, including peptides and polyketides, which are primarily found in microbes. These molecules can be exploited to provide novel and unique structures for developing alternative antibiotics as effective antibiofilm agents. This review focuses on the possible antibiofilm mechanism of these marine microbial molecules against biofilm-forming pathogens. It provides an overview of biofilm development, its recalcitrant mode of action, strategies for the development of antibiofilm agents, and their assessments. The review also revisits some selected peptides and polyketides from marine microbes reported between 2016 and 2023, highlighting their moderate and considerable antibiofilm activities. Moreover, their antibiofilm mechanisms, such as adhesion modulation/inhibition targeting biofilm-forming pathogens, quorum sensing intervention and inhibition, and extracellular polymeric substance disruption, are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sukmarini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia.
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Akhirta Atikana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Triana Hertiani
- Indonesian Biofilm Research Collaboration Center, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
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26
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Yadav P, Goel M, Gupta RD. Anti-biofilm potential of human senescence marker protein 30 against Mycobacterium smegmatis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:45. [PMID: 38114754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Human senescence marker protein 30 (huSMP30) has been characterized as a multifaceted protein consisting of various enzymatic and cellular functions. It catalyzes the interconversion of L-gulonate and L-gulono-γ-lactone in the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that it could be a potential anti-biofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria due to its lactonase activity. In order to corroborate this, the huSMP30 was recombinantly expressed, purified, and analyzed for its ability to inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation, which showed a concentration-dependent inhibition as compared to the untreated control group. Further, in silico analysis was performed to redesign the huSMP30 with enhanced lactonase activity. Molecular docking analysis of the huSMP30 and lactone substrates facilitated the selection of three single amino acid substitutions (E18H, N154Q, and D204V), which were created using a PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis reaction. These mutant proteins and the wild-type huSMP30 were purified, and the effects on the enzymatic activity and biofilm formation were studied. The mutants E18H and D204V showed non-significant effects on specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and anti-biofilm property; however, the mutant N154Q showed significant improvement in the specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and inhibition in the biofilm formation. The protein stability analysis revealed that the wild-type huSMP30 and its designed mutants were stable at 37 °C for up to 4 days. In conclusion, the anti-biofilm property of the huSMP30 has been established, and an engineered version, N154Q, inhibits biofilm formation with greater efficiency. Human SMP30 is a versatile protein with multiple cellular and enzymatic functions, however, its anti-biofilm potential has not been explored. Our work presents the method to produce soluble and active huSMP30 in the E. coli expression system and establishes its role as an anti-biofilm agent against Mycobacterium smegmatis owing to its lactonase activity. Our results provide support for the future advancement of huSMP30 as a potential anti-biofilm agent targeting pathogenic Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamedha Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manik Goel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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27
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Louis M, Tahrioui A, Tremlett CJ, Clamens T, Leprince J, Lefranc B, Kipnis E, Grandjean T, Bouffartigues E, Barreau M, Defontaine F, Cornelis P, Feuilloley MG, Harmer NJ, Chevalier S, Lesouhaitier O. The natriuretic peptide receptor agonist osteocrin disperses Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Biofilm 2023; 5:100131. [PMID: 37252226 PMCID: PMC10220261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are highly tolerant to antimicrobials and host immune defense, enabling pathogens to thrive in hostile environments. The diversity of microbial biofilm infections requires alternative and complex treatment strategies. In a previous work we demonstrated that the human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (hANP) displays a strong anti-biofilm activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that the binding of hANP by the AmiC protein supports this effect. This AmiC sensor has been identified as an analog of the human natriuretic peptide receptor subtype C (h-NPRC). In the present study, we evaluated the anti-biofilm activity of the h-NPRC agonist, osteocrin (OSTN), a hormone that displays a strong affinity for the AmiC sensor at least in vitro. Using molecular docking, we identified a pocket in the AmiC sensor that OSTN reproducibly docks into, suggesting that OSTN might possess an anti-biofilm activity as well as hANP. This hypothesis was validated since we observed that OSTN dispersed established biofilm of P. aeruginosa PA14 strain at the same concentrations as hANP. However, the OSTN dispersal effect is less marked than that observed for the hANP (-61% versus -73%). We demonstrated that the co-exposure of P. aeruginosa preformed biofilm to hANP and OSTN induced a biofilm dispersion with a similar effect to that observed with hANP alone suggesting a similar mechanism of action of these two peptides. This was confirmed by the observation that OSTN anti-biofilm activity requires the activation of the complex composed by the sensor AmiC and the regulator AmiR of the ami pathway. Using a panel of both P. aeruginosa laboratory reference strains and clinical isolates, we observed that the OSTN capacity to disperse established biofilms is highly variable from one strain to another. Taken together, these results show that similarly to the hANP hormone, OSTN has a strong potential to be used as a tool to disperse P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissande Louis
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Courtney J. Tremlett
- Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- PRIMACEN, University of Rouen Normandy, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- PRIMACEN, University of Rouen Normandy, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Teddy Grandjean
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Florian Defontaine
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Marc G.J. Feuilloley
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Nicholas J. Harmer
- Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, 27000, Evreux, France
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Kumar P, Behera A, Tiwari P, Karthik S, Biswas M, Sonawane A, Mobin SM. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of isoniazid loaded Cu-based metal-organic frameworks as a novel strategy for effective killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10929-10940. [PMID: 37937634 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most infectious pathogens with the highest human mortality and morbidity. Biofilm formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is responsible for bacterial growth, communication, and, most essentially, increased resistance/tolerance to antibiotics leading to higher bacterial persistence. Thus, biofilm growth is presently considered a key virulence factor in the case of chronic disease. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a highly efficient system to improve existing antibiotics' therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. In this regard, we have synthesized Cu-MOF (IITI-3) using a solvothermal approach. IITI-3 was well characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Herein, IITI-3 was first encapsulated with isoniazid (INH) to form INH@IITI-3 with 10 wt% loading within 1 hour. INH@IITI-3 was well characterized by PXRD, TGA, FTIR, and BET surface area analysis. Furthermore, the drug release kinetics studies of INH@IITI-3 have been performed at pH 5.8 and 7.4 to mimic the small intestine and blood pH, respectively. The results show that drug release follows first-order kinetics. Furthermore, the antimycobacterial activity of INH@IITI-3 demonstrated significant bacterial killing and altered the structural morphology of the bacteria. Moreover, INH@IITI-3 was able to inhibit the mycobacterial biofilm formation upon treatment and showed less cytotoxicity toward the murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, this work significantly opens up new possibilities for the applications of INH@IITI-3 in biofilm infections in Mtb and further contributes to TB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ananyaashree Behera
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Pranav Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sibi Karthik
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shaikh M Mobin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Center for Advance Electronic (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Center for Electric Vehicle and Intelligent Transport Systems, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
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29
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Niu Y, Zhang Y, Huo H, Jin X, Wang J. Effect of silver sulfadiazine on mature mixed bacterial biofilms on voice prostheses. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:74. [PMID: 37990258 PMCID: PMC10664368 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm formation on voice prostheses disrupts the function and limits the lifespan of voice prostheses. There is still no effective clinical strategy for inhibiting or removing these biofilms. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD), as an exogenous antibacterial agent, has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of infection, however, its effect on voice prosthesis biofilms is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of SSD on the mature mixed bacterial biofilms present on voice prostheses. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative methods, including the plate counting method, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, crystal violet staining, the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) (XTT) reduction assay, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, were used to determine the effect of SSD on the number of bacterial colonies, biofilm formation ability, metabolic activity, and ultrastructure of biofilms in a mature mixed bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) voice prosthesis biofilm model. The results were verified in vitro on mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilms from patients, and the possible mechanism of action was explored. RESULTS Silver sulfadiazine decreased the number of bacterial colonies on mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilm, significantly inhibited the biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of mature voice prosthesis biofilms, inhibited the formation of the complex spatial structure of voice prosthesis biofilms, and inhibited the synthesis of polysaccharides and proteins in the biofilm extracellular matrix. The degree of inhibition and removal effect increased with SSD concentration. CONCLUSIONS Silver sulfadiazine can effectively inhibit and remove mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilms and decrease biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity; SSD may exert these effects by inhibiting the synthesis of polysaccharides and proteins among the extracellular polymeric substances of voice prosthesis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# ShuaiFuYuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# ShuaiFuYuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Huo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# ShuaiFuYuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# ShuaiFuYuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# ShuaiFuYuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Ji X, Yu R, Zhu M, Zhang C, Zhou L, Cai T, Li W. Diadenosine tetraphosphate modulated quorum sensing in bacteria treated with kanamycin. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:353. [PMID: 37978430 PMCID: PMC10657157 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dinucleotide alarmone diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), which is found in cells, has been shown to affect the survival of bacteria under stress. RESULTS Here, we labeled Ap4A with biotin and incubated the labeled Ap4A with the total proteins extracted from kanamycin-treated Escherichia coli to identify the Ap4A binding protein in bacteria treated with kanamycin. Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LCMS) and bioinformatics were used to identify novel proteins that Ap4A interacts with that are involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways. Then, we used the apaH knockout strain of E. coli K12-MG1655, which had increased intracellular Ap4A, to demonstrate that Ap4A affected the expression of genes in these three pathways. We also found that the swarming motility of the apaH mutant strain was reduced compared with that of the wild-type strain, and under kanamycin treatment, the biofilm formation of the mutant strain decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that Ap4A can reduce the survival rate of bacteria treated with kanamycin by regulating quorum sensing (QS). These effects can expand the application of kanamycin combinations in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ji
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China.
| | - Ruojing Yu
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Meilian Zhu
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Tianshu Cai
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, 516025, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, 516025, China
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Kumar A, Saha SK, Banerjee P, Prasad K, Sengupta TK. Antibiotic-Induced Biofilm Formations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains KPW.1-S1 and HRW.1-S3 are Associated with Increased Production of eDNA and Exoproteins, Increased ROS Generation, and Increased Cell Surface Hydrophobicity. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:11. [PMID: 37978089 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a medically important opportunistic pathogen due to its intrinsic ability to form biofilms on different surfaces as one of the defense mechanisms for survival. The fact that it can form biofilms on various medical implants makes it more harmful clinically. Although various antibiotics are used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, studies have shown that sub-MIC levels of antibiotics could induce Pseudomonas biofilm formation. The present study thus explored the effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin on the biofilm dynamics of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains KPW.1-S1 and HRW.1-S3. Biofilm formation was found to be increased in the presence of increased concentrations of gentamicin. Confocal, scanning electron microscopy, and other biochemical tests deduced that biofilm-forming components exoproteins, eDNA, and exolipids as exopolymeric substances in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were increased in the presence of gentamicin. An increase in reactive oxygen species generation along with increased cell surface hydrophobicity was also seen for both strains when treated with gentamicin. The observed increase in the adherence of the cells accompanied by the increase in the components of exopolymeric substances may have largely contributed to the increased biofilm production by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains under the stress of the antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinash Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 246, India
| | - Saurav K Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 246, India
| | - Paromita Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 246, India
- Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, CG, 492101, India
| | - Kritika Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 246, India
| | - Tapas K Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 246, India.
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Moore K, Li A, Gupta N, Gupta TT, Delury C, Aiken SS, Laycock PA, Stoodley P. Killing of a Multispecies Biofilm Using Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Targeted Antibiotic Released from High Purity Calcium Sulfate Beads. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2296. [PMID: 37764142 PMCID: PMC10538001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multispecies biofilm orthopedic infections are more challenging to treat than mono-species infections. In this in-vitro study, we aimed to determine if a multispecies biofilm, consisting of Gram positive and negative species with different antibiotic susceptibilities could be treated more effectively using high purity antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (HP-ALCSB) containing vancomycin (VAN) and tobramycin (TOB) in combination than alone. METHODS Three sets of species pairs from bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and clinical isolates, Enterococcus faecalis (EF) and Enterobacter cloacae were screened for compatibility. PA + EF developed intermixed biofilms with similar cell concentrations and so were grown on 316L stainless steel coupons for 72 h or as 24 h agar lawn biofilms and then treated with HP-ALCSBs with single or combination antibiotics and assessed by viable count or bioluminescence and light imaging to distinguish each species. Replica plating was used to assess viability. RESULTS The VAN + TOB bead significantly reduced the PA + EF biofilm CFU and reduced the concentration of surviving antibiotic tolerant variants by 50% compared to single antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Gram-negative and positive targeted antibiotics released from HP-ALCSBs may be more effective in treating multispecies biofilms than monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Moore
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Anthony Li
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Niraj Gupta
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Tripti Thapa Gupta
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Craig Delury
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Sean S. Aiken
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Phillip A. Laycock
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43203, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Maillard JY, Centeleghe I. How biofilm changes our understanding of cleaning and disinfection. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:95. [PMID: 37679831 PMCID: PMC10483709 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in healthcare settings. By nature, biofilms are less susceptible to antimicrobials and are associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Resistance of biofilm to antimicrobials is multifactorial with the presence of a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances and eDNA, being a major contributing factor. The usual multispecies composition of environmental biofilms can also impact on antimicrobial efficacy. In healthcare settings, two main types of biofilms are present: hydrated biofilms, for example, in drains and parts of some medical devices and equipment, and environmental dry biofilms (DSB) on surfaces and possibly in medical devices. Biofilms act as a reservoir for pathogens including multi-drug resistant organisms and their elimination requires different approaches. The control of hydrated (drain) biofilms should be informed by a reduction or elimination of microbial bioburden together with measuring biofilm regrowth time. The control of DSB should be measured by a combination of a reduction or elimination in microbial bioburden on surfaces together with a decrease in bacterial transfer post-intervention. Failure to control biofilms increases the risk for HAI, but biofilms are not solely responsible for disinfection failure or shortcoming. The limited number of standardised biofilm efficacy tests is a hindrance for end users and manufacturers, whilst in Europe there are no approved standard protocols. Education of stakeholders about biofilms and ad hoc efficacy tests, often academic in nature, is thus paramount, to achieve a better control of biofilms in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK.
| | - Isabella Centeleghe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
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34
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Nesse LL, Osland AM, Asal B, Mo SS. Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli biofilm treated with high doses of ciprofloxacin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1246895. [PMID: 37731931 PMCID: PMC10509014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1246895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has mainly been studied in planktonic bacteria exposed to sub-inhibitory antimicrobial (AM) concentrations. However, in a number of infections that are treated with AMs the bacteria are located in biofilms where they tolerate high doses of AM. In the present study, we continuously exposed biofilm residing E. coli at body temperature to high ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentrations increasing from 4 to 130 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), i.e., from 0.06 to 2.0 mg/L. After 1 week, the biofilms were full of CIP resistant bacteria. The evolutionary trajectory observed was the same as described in the literature for planktonic bacteria, i.e., starting with a single mutation in the target gene gyrA followed by mutations in parC, gyrB, and parE, as well as in genes for regulation of multidrug efflux pump systems and outer membrane porins. Strains with higher numbers of these mutations also displayed higher MIC values. Furthermore, the evolution of CIP resistance was more rapid, and resulted in strains with higher MIC values, when the bacteria were biofilm residing than when they were in a planktonic suspension. These results may indicate that extensive clinical AM treatment of biofilm-residing bacteria may not only fail to eradicate the infection but also pose an increased risk of AMR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live L. Nesse
- Department of Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås Municipality, Norway
| | - Ane Mohr Osland
- Department of Microbiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås Municipality, Norway
| | - Basma Asal
- Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås Municipality, Norway
| | - Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås Municipality, Norway
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Chimi LY, Bisso BN, Njateng GSS, Dzoyem JP. Antibiotic-Potentiating Effect of Some Bioactive Natural Products against Planktonic Cells, Biofilms, and Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9410609. [PMID: 37663785 PMCID: PMC10470073 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9410609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections that are mediated by both virulence factor production and biofilm formation. In addition, many antibiotics are increasingly losing their efficacy due to the development of resistance. The screening of potentially bioactive natural compounds that have both antivirulence and antibiofilm activities to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reverse antibiotic resistance is a good strategy to overcome these issues. In this study, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence factor activities of some bioactive natural products in combination with conventional antibiotics were evaluated against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the combination interactions. Spectrophotometric and agar plate techniques were used to assess the effect of the combination on the pyocyanin production and the motility in P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain. Results Out of the eighteen combinations tested, ten exhibited synergistic effects against planktonic cells, seven against biofilm inhibition, and five against the eradication of mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa biofilm. The best synergistic effect was the association of amikacin and sinapic acid against planktonic cells (FICI = 0.08) with a 70-fold reduction in the MIC value of amikacin. The same combination showed significant synergistic inhibition of biofilm formation (FICI = 0.1) and biofilm eradication (FICI = 0.15) reducing the MBIC and MBEC of amikacin by 32-fold. Some selected synergistic combinations showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) in the inhibition of virulence factors compared to the antimicrobials alone. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed sinapic acid as an antibiotic adjuvant and antivirulence compound to overcome P. aeruginosa infections. This finding indicates that the combinations of amikacin plus sinapic acid, ceftazidime plus thymol, and norfloxacin plus curcumin could be considered promising candidates for the development of combination therapies targeting virulence factors against P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Yetendje Chimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Han J, Ma Q, An Y, Wu F, Zhao Y, Wu G, Wang J. The current status of stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies on orthopedic titanium implant surfaces. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:277. [PMID: 37596638 PMCID: PMC10439657 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous innovation and breakthrough of nanomedical technology, stimuli-responsive nanotechnology has been gradually applied to the surface modification of titanium implants to achieve brilliant antibacterial activity and promoted osteogenesis. Regarding to the different physiological and pathological microenvironment around implants before and after surgery, these surface nanomodifications are designed to respond to different stimuli and environmental changes in a timely, efficient, and specific way/manner. Here, we focus on the materials related to stimuli-responsive nanotechnology on titanium implant surface modification, including metals and their compounds, polymer materials and other materials. In addition, the mechanism of different response types is introduced according to different activation stimuli, including magnetic, electrical, photic, radio frequency and ultrasonic stimuli, pH and enzymatic stimuli (the internal stimuli). Meanwhile, the associated functions, potential applications and developing prospect were discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Han
- Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application, Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien, Oslo, 710455 Norway
| | - Yanxin An
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application, Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application, Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application, Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
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37
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Nicholls P, Clark JR, Gu Liu C, Terwilliger A, Maresso AW. Class-Driven Synergy and Antagonism between a Pseudomonas Phage and Antibiotics. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006523. [PMID: 37404162 PMCID: PMC10429645 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00065-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severe infections in patients with burns, cystic fibrosis, and neutropenia. Biofilm formation gives physical refuge and a protected microenvironment for sessile cells, rendering cure by antibiotics a challenge. Bacteriophages have evolved to prey on these biofilms over millions of years, using hydrolases and depolymerases to penetrate biofilms and reach cellular targets. Here, we assessed how a newly discovered KMV-like phage (ΦJB10) interacts with antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa more effectively in both planktonic and biofilm forms. By testing representatives of four classes of antibiotics (cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems), we demonstrated class-dependent interactions between ΦJB10 and antibiotics in both biofilm clearance and P. aeruginosa killing. Despite identifying antagonism between some antibiotic classes and ΦJB10 at early time points, all classes showed neutral to favorable interactions with the phage at later time points. In one notable example where the antibiotic alone had poor activity against both biofilm and high-density planktonic cells, we found that addition of ΦJB10 demonstrated synergy and resulted in effective treatment of both. Further, ΦJB10 seemed to act as an adjuvant to several antibiotics, reducing the concentration of antibiotics required to ablate the biofilm. This report shows that phages such as ΦJB10 may be valuable additions to the armamentarium against difficult-to-treat biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholls
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin R. Clark
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Gu Liu
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Austen Terwilliger
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kim J, Wang J, Ahn J. Combined antimicrobial effect of phage-derived endolysin and depolymerase against biofilm-forming Salmonella Typhimurium. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:763-774. [PMID: 37795651 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2265817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of phage-derived endolysin (LysPB32) and depolymerase (DpolP22) against planktonic and biofilm cells of Salmonella Typhimurium (STKCCM). Compared to the control, the numbers of STKCCM were reduced by 4.3 and 5.9 log, respectively, at LysPB32 and LysPB32 + DpolP22 in the presence of polymyxin B (PMB) after 48-h incubation at 37 °C. LysPB32 + DpolP22 decreased the relative fitness (0.8) and the cross-resistance of STKCCM to chloramphenicol (CHL), cephalothin (CEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and tetracycline (TET) in the presence of PMB. The MICtrt/MICcon ratios of CHL, CEP, CIP, PMB, and TET were between 0.25 and 0.50 for LysPB32 + DpolP22 in the presence of PMB. These results suggest that the application of phage-encoded enzymes with antibiotics can be a promising approach for controlling biofilm formation on medical and food-processing equipment. This is noteworthy in that the application of LysPB32 + DpolP22 could increase antibiotic susceptibility and decrease cross-resistance to other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Li P, Yin R, Cheng J, Lin J. Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials and Approaches to Its Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11680. [PMID: 37511440 PMCID: PMC10380251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of various medical devices, causing biofilm-associated infections on the surfaces of biomaterials such as venous ducts, joint prostheses, mechanical heart valves, and catheters. Biofilms provide a protective barrier for bacteria and provide resistance to antimicrobial agents, which increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. This review summarizes biofilm formation processes and resistance mechanisms, as well as the main features of clinically persistent infections caused by biofilms. Considering the various infections caused by clinical medical devices, we introduce two main methods to prevent and treat biomaterial-related biofilm infection: antibacterial coatings and the surface modification of biomaterials. Antibacterial coatings depend on the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial agents on the coating surface and drug release to prevent and combat infection, while the surface modification of biomaterials affects the adhesion behavior of cells on the surfaces of implants and the subsequent biofilm formation process by altering the physical and chemical properties of the implant material surface. The advantages of each strategy in terms of their antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, limitations, and application prospects are analyzed, providing ideas and research directions for the development of novel biofilm infection strategies related to therapeutic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (J.C.)
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40
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Shi J, Wang Y, He W, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhao Z, Lam JWY, Zhang P, Kwok RTK, Tang BZ. Precise Molecular Engineering of Type I Photosensitizer with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Image-Guided Photodynamic Eradication of Biofilm. Molecules 2023; 28:5368. [PMID: 37513241 PMCID: PMC10385678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections exert more severe and harmful attacks on human health since they can accelerate the generation and development of the antibiotic resistance of the embedded bacteria. Anti-biofilm materials and techniques that can eliminate biofilms effectively are in urgent demand. Therefore, we designed a type I photosensitizer (TTTDM) with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and used F-127 to encapsulate the TTTDM into nanoparticles (F-127 AIE NPs). The NPs exhibit highly efficient ROS generation by enhancing intramolecular D-A interaction and confining molecular non-radiative transitions. Furthermore, the NPs can sufficiently penetrate the biofilm matrix and then detect and eliminate mature bacterial biofilms upon white light irradiation. This strategy holds great promise for the rapid detection and eradication of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ziyue Ye
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengli Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jacky Wing Yip Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ryan Tsz Kin Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Gatti M, Tedeschi S, Zamparini E, Pea F, Viale P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for optimizing antimicrobial therapy used to treat bone and joint infections: an evidence-based algorithmic approach. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:511-535. [PMID: 37671793 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2255525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are a major health concern causing remarkable morbidity and mortality. However, which antimicrobial treatment could be the best according to specific clinical scenarios and/or to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) features remains an unmet clinical need. This multidisciplinary opinion article aims to develop evidence-based algorithms for empirical and targeted antibiotic therapy of patients affected by BJIs. AREAS COVERED A multidisciplinary team of four experts had several rounds of assessment for developing algorithms devoted to empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy of BJIs. A literature search was performed on PubMed-MEDLINE (until April 2023) to provide evidence for supporting therapeutic choices. Four different clinical scenarios were structured according to specific infection types (i.e. vertebral osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, infected non-unions and other chronic osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis), need or not of surgical intervention or revision, isolation or not of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens from blood and/or tissue cultures, and PK/PD features of antibiotics. EXPERT OPINION The proposed therapeutic algorithms were based on a multifaceted approach considering the peculiar features of each antibiotic (spectrum of activity, PK/PD properties, bone penetration rate, and anti-biofilm activity), and could be hopefully helpful in improving clinical outcome of BJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Gatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Tedeschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zamparini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rajpal K, Kumar S, Saurabh K, Kumari N, Kumar R, Kumar R, Muni S. Post-COVID-19 cavitary lung lesion due to Aspergillus flavus and Enterobacter cloacae in a patient suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia - a case report. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000457. [PMID: 37424552 PMCID: PMC10323781 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has manifested as a multifaceted paradigm but has primarily affected the respiratory system. Though a rare sequela after-COVID-19, we present a case of cavitary lung lesion in an adult patient, which manifested with common symptoms such as fever, cough and dyspnoea during the post-COVID-19 recovery period. Aspergillus flavus and Enterobacter cloacae were found to be the main causative organisms. Fungal and bacterial coinfection may be thought of in similar situations and appropriate treatment may be given to prevent further morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Rajpal
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kumar Saurabh
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Namrata Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Randhir Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sweta Muni
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Cutro AC, Coria MS, Bordon A, Rodriguez SA, Hollmann A. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Schinus areira (Aguaribay) against planktonic cells and biofilms of S. aureus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109670. [PMID: 37336342 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) of Schinus areira L. (Anacardiaceae) leaves has shown antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In this study we aimed to unravel the mechanisms of its antibacterial action by using bacterial cells and model membranes. First, the integrity of S. aureus membrane was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. It was observed an increase in the permeability of cells that was dependent on the EO concentration as well as the incubation time. For a deep evaluation of the action of the EO on the lipids, its effect on the membrane fluidity was evaluated on DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine): DMPG (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-rac-glycerol) (5:1) liposomes by dynamic scattering light and by using Laurdan doped liposomes. The results indicate that EO produces changes in lipid membrane packing, increasing the fluidity, reducing the cooperative cohesive interaction between phospholipids and increasing access of water or the insertion of some components of the EO to the interior of the membrane. In addition, the potential effect of EO on intracellular targets, as the increase of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, were evaluated. The EO was capable of increasing the production of ROS as well as inducing a partial degradation of DNA. Finally, the effect of EO on S. aureus biofilm was tested. These assays showed that EO was able to inhibit the biofilm formation, and also eradicate preformed biofilms. The results show, that the EO seems to have several bacterial targets involved in the antibacterial activity, from the bacterial membrane to DNA. Furthermore, the antibacterial action affects not only planktonic cells but also biofilms; reinforcing the potential application for this EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Cutro
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, CIBAAL, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - M Sumampa Coria
- INBIONATEC, CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Anahi Bordon
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, CIBAAL, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Axel Hollmann
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, CIBAAL, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina.
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Rippon M, Rogers AA, Westgate S, Ousey K. Effectiveness of a polyhexamethylene biguanide-containing wound cleansing solution using experimental biofilm models. J Wound Care 2023; 32:359-367. [PMID: 37300862 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.6.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiseptics are widely used in wound management to prevent or treat wound infections, and have been shown to have antibiofilm efficacy. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)-containing wound cleansing and irrigation solution on model biofilm of pathogens known to cause wound infections compared with a number of other antimicrobial wound cleansing and irrigation solutions. METHOD Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa single-species biofilms were cultured using microtitre plate and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor methods. Following a 24-hour incubation period, the biofilms were rinsed to remove planktonic microorganisms and then challenged with wound cleansing and irrigation solutions. Following incubation of the biofilms with a variety of concentrations of the test solutions (50%, 75% or 100%) for 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes, remaining viable organisms from the treated biofilms were quantified. RESULTS The six antimicrobial wound cleansing and irrigation solutions used were all effective in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm bacteria in both test models. However, the results were more variable for the more tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Only one of the six solutions (sea salt and oxychlorite/NaOCl-containing solution) was able to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using the microtitre plate assay. Of the six solutions, three (a solution containing PHMB and poloxamer 188 surfactant, a solution containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and a solution containing NaOCl/HOCl) showed increasing levels of eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm microorganisms with increasing concentration and exposure time. Using the CDC biofilm reactor model, all six cleansing and irrigation solutions, except for the solution containing HOCl, were able to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms such that no viable microorganisms were recovered. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a PHMB-containing wound cleansing and irrigation solution was as effective as other antimicrobial wound irrigation solutions for antibiofilm efficacy. Together with the low toxicity, good safety profile and absence of any reported acquisition of bacterial resistance to PHMB, the antibiofilm effectiveness data support the alignment of this cleansing and irrigation solution with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rippon
- Visiting Clinical Research Associate, Huddersfield University, Huddersfield, UK
- Medical Marketing Consultant, Daneriver Consultancy Ltd, Holmes Chapel, Cheshire, UK
| | - Alan A Rogers
- Independent Wound Care Consultant, Flintshire, North Wales, UK
| | | | - Karen Ousey
- Professor of Skin Integrity, Director for the Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Huddersfield, UK
- Adjunct Professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Australia
- Visiting Professor, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Chair IWII
- President Elect ISTAP
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46
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Noach N, Lavy E, Reifen R, Friedman M, Kirmayer D, Zelinger E, Ritter A, Yaniv D, Reifen E. Zinc chloride is effective as an antibiotic in biofilm prevention following septoplasty. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8344. [PMID: 37221180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-state bacterial infections associated with inserted medical devices constitute a massive health and financial problem worldwide. Although bacteria exhibit significantly lower susceptibility to antibiotics in the biofilm state, the most common treatment approach still relies on antibiotics, exacerbating the phenomenon of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to assess whether ZnCl2 coating of intranasal silicone splints (ISSs) can reduce the biofilm infections associated with the insertion of these devices and prevent the overuse of antibiotics while minimizing waste, pollution and costs. We tested the ability of ZnCl2 to prevent biofilm formation on ISS both in vitro and in vivo by using the microtiter dish biofilm formation assay, crystal violet staining, and electron and confocal microscopy. We found a significant decrease in biofilm formation between the treatment group and the growth control when ZnCl2-coated splints were placed in patients' nasal flora. According to these results, infections associated with ISS insertion may be prevented by using ZnCl2 coating, thereby obviating the overuse and abuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Noach
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Lavy
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Michael Friedman
- The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Kirmayer
- The School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- FACSI-Faculty of Agriculture Center for Scientific Imaging. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Ritter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dan Yaniv
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ella Reifen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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LuTheryn G, Ho EML, Choi V, Carugo D. Cationic Microbubbles for Non-Selective Binding of Cavitation Nuclei to Bacterial Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051495. [PMID: 37242736 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of multi-drug resistant biofilms in chronic, persistent infections is a major barrier to successful clinical outcomes of therapy. The production of an extracellular matrix is a characteristic of the biofilm phenotype, intrinsically linked to antimicrobial tolerance. The heterogeneity of the extracellular matrix makes it highly dynamic, with substantial differences in composition between biofilms, even in the same species. This variability poses a major challenge in targeting drug delivery systems to biofilms, as there are few elements both suitably conserved and widely expressed across multiple species. However, the presence of extracellular DNA within the extracellular matrix is ubiquitous across species, which alongside bacterial cell components, gives the biofilm its net negative charge. This research aims to develop a means of targeting biofilms to enhance drug delivery by developing a cationic gas-filled microbubble that non-selectively targets the negatively charged biofilm. Cationic and uncharged microbubbles loaded with different gases were formulated and tested to determine their stability, ability to bind to negatively charged artificial substrates, binding strength, and, subsequently, their ability to adhere to biofilms. It was shown that compared to their uncharged counterparts, cationic microbubbles facilitated a significant increase in the number of microbubbles that could both bind and sustain their interaction with biofilms. This work is the first to demonstrate the utility of charged microbubbles for the non-selective targeting of bacterial biofilms, which could be used to significantly enhance stimuli-mediated drug delivery to the bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth LuTheryn
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elaine M L Ho
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Victor Choi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), The Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
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Almasri D, Dahman Y. Prosthetic Joint Infections: Biofilm Formation, Management, and the Potential of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass as a New Treatment Option. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051401. [PMID: 37242643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of prosthetic joints is one of the biggest challenges to a successful replacement of the joint after a total joint arthroplasty. Such infections are caused by bacterial colonies that are difficult to treat by systemic delivery of antibiotics. Local delivery of antibiotics can prove to be the solution to such a devastating outcome that impacts patients' health and ability to regain function in their joints as well as costs the healthcare system millions of dollars every year. This review will discuss prosthetic joint infections in detail with a focus on the development, management, and diagnosis of the infections. Surgeons often opt to use polymethacrylate cement locally to deliver antibiotics; however, due to the rapid release of antibiotics, non-biodegradability, and high chance of reinfection, the search for alternatives is in high demand. One of the most researched alternatives to current treatments is the use of biodegradable and highly compatible bioactive glass. The novelty of this review lies in its focus on mesoporous bioactive glass as a potential alternative to current treatments for prosthetic joint infection. Mesoporous bioactive glass is the focus of this review because it has a higher capacity to deliver biomolecules, stimulate bone growth, and treat infections after prosthetic joint replacement surgeries. The review also examines different synthesis methods, compositions, and properties of mesoporous bioactive glass, highlighting its potential as a biomaterial for the treatment of joint infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Almasri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Yaser Dahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Goswami AG, Basu S, Banerjee T, Shukla VK. Biofilm and wound healing: from bench to bedside. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:157. [PMID: 37098583 PMCID: PMC10127443 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bubbling community of microorganisms, consisting of diverse colonies encased in a self-produced protective matrix and playing an essential role in the persistence of infection and antimicrobial resistance, is often referred to as a biofilm. Although apparently indolent, the biofilm involves not only inanimate surfaces but also living tissue, making it truly ubiquitous. The mechanism of biofilm formation, its growth, and the development of resistance are ever-intriguing subjects and are yet to be completely deciphered. Although an abundance of studies in recent years has focused on the various ways to create potential anti-biofilm and antimicrobial therapeutics, a dearth of a clear standard of clinical practice remains, and therefore, there is essentially a need for translating laboratory research to novel bedside anti-biofilm strategies that can provide a better clinical outcome. Of significance, biofilm is responsible for faulty wound healing and wound chronicity. The experimental studies report the prevalence of biofilm in chronic wounds anywhere between 20 and 100%, which makes it a topic of significant concern in wound healing. The ongoing scientific endeavor to comprehensively understand the mechanism of biofilm interaction with wounds and generate standardized anti-biofilm measures which are reproducible in the clinical setting is the challenge of the hour. In this context of "more needs to be done", we aim to explore various effective and clinically meaningful methods currently available for biofilm management and how these tools can be translated into safe clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somprakas Basu
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, India.
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50
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Bazaliński D, Przybek-Mita J, Lisowicz K, Skórka M, Więch P. Defensins of Lucilia sericata Larvae and Their Influence on Wound Repair Processes in Practical Assessment-A Study of Three Cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5357. [PMID: 37047972 PMCID: PMC10094115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria inhabiting chronic wounds form a biofilm that prolongs and slows down the healing process. Increasingly common antibiotic resistance requires clinicians to search for effective and alternative treatment methods. Defensins are the most common antimicrobial peptides capable of eradicating pathogens. Their discovery in maggot secretions allowed for a broader understanding of the healing mechanisms, and approving the use of Lucilia sericata fly larvae in the treatment of infected wounds resulted in an effective and safe procedure. The aim of the study was to present the possibility of biofilm elimination in a chronic wound by means of medical maggots (Lucilia sericata) with the example of three selected clinical cases. The observation included three women who met the inclusion criterion of having venous insufficiency ulcers with inhibited regeneration processes. Medical maggots were applied in a biobag for three days, and observation was conducted for 21 consecutive days. In 2 cases, a significant elimination of necrotic tissue from the wound bed with local granulation tissue was observed 72 h after application of a larvae colony on the wounds. In 1 case, the application of the larvae accelerated the repair process by reducing the wound area by approximately 40% at the time of observation. The formation of biofilm in a chronic wound is one of the main causes of disturbances in its effective healing. Combining procedures (scraping, antiseptic compresses, MDT, NPWT) related to wound debridement increases the effectiveness of biofilm elimination. The use of medical maggots is a safe and effective method of choice, and it enhances the processes of debridement. However, confirmed indisputable data on their effectiveness and frequency of use in the process of stimulating healing processes are still not available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Bazaliński
- Father B. Markiewicz Podkarpackie Specialist Oncology Centre, Specialist Hospital in Brzozów, 36-200 Brzozów, Poland
- Department of Nursing and Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Joanna Przybek-Mita
- Department of Medical Rescue, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Postgraduate Nursing and Midwifery Education Centre, 35-083 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lisowicz
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health and Economy, Carpathian State University in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Mateusz Skórka
- St Hedvig Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Więch
- Department of Nursing and Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, State University of Applied Sciences in Przemyśl, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland
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