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Croarkin PE. From the Editor-in-Chief's Desk: Are Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements an Effective, Safe, and Scalable Treatment for Depression in Children and Adolescents? J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39166747 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2024.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Croarkin
- Professor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Psychiatry, Ervin A. and Margaret C. Mueller Director, Mayo Clinic Children's Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Zhang C, Hou B, Xu Y, Zeng S, Luo X, Zhang B. Association between eicosapentaenoic acid consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Analyses from NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:62-67. [PMID: 38479498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the relationship between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intake from food and depression. EPA, an Omega-3 fatty acid commonly found in fish and seafood, has garnered attention for its potential role in depression prevention and treatment. METHODS We selected 30,976 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. Depressive symptoms were diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). EPA intake was assessed through dietary evaluation. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) were employed to assess the correlation between EPA and depressive symptom. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 7.3 %. Participants with depressive symptoms exhibited lower EPA intake from food compared to non-depressed individuals. This negative association with depressive symptoms persisted even after accounting for various potential influencing factors (e.g., age, gender, body mass index, total energy intake, comorbidities). Notably, EPA demonstrated a nonlinear association with depressive symptoms, particularly in females. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes a significant negative correlation between EPA consumption and depressive symptoms, particularly in females. This suggests that maintaining a rich EPA diet may play a role in depression prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingnan Hou
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufei Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Center of Sleep Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Bozzatello P, Novelli R, Montemagni C, Rocca P, Bellino S. Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4824. [PMID: 38732043 PMCID: PMC11084672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, and short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids plays a role in improving symptoms of several mental disorders. In this review, we collect data on the efficacy of nutraceuticals in patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence obtained on this topic, pointing out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.N.); (C.M.); (P.R.); (S.B.)
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Yang Y, Zhou B, Zhang S, Si L, Liu X, Li F. Prebiotics for depression: how does the gut microbiota play a role? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1206468. [PMID: 37485386 PMCID: PMC10358272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1206468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and aversion to activity that can interfere with daily life, is a condition of great concern. Prebiotics, which are non-digestible substances selectively utilized by host microorganisms for health benefits, have gained attention for their potential to improve overall wellness and alleviate various disorders including depression. This study aims to review clinical trials utilizing carbohydrate-type prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), human milk oligosaccharides, resistant starch, prebiotic phytochemicals including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acids, resveratrol, and prebiotic lipids (n-3 polysaturated fatty acids) to determine their effects on depression. Our findings suggest that GOS at a daily dosage of 5 g and eicosapentaenoic acid at or less than 1 g can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms. While EGCG exhibits potential antidepressant properties, a higher dosage of 3 g/d may be necessary to elicit significant effects. The plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of prebiotics on depression include the synthesis of neurotransmitters, production of short-chain fatty acids, and regulation of inflammation.
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Elsayed OH, Pahwa M, El-Mallakh RS. Pharmacologic Treatment and Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1165-1179. [PMID: 35621334 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2083954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of the appropriate therapeutic interventions in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) cannot be overstated since treatment choices and their consequences may have effects into adulthood. AREAS COVERED Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating treatment of mania, bipolar depression, and maintenance in adolescents with BD are reviewed. When RCTs are not available or are inadequate, naturalistic data or open studies are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical agents in adolescents with BD appear to mirror adults with BD. Lithium/mood stabilizers are preferred first line agents over antipsychotic medications, but the latter are second line agents particularly in bipolar depression. When lithium is used, serum levels approaching 1.0 mEq/L are reasonable since younger people appear to require/tolerate higher levels. Among the antipsychotics, quetiapine appeared to be minimally better than risperidone while risperidone was associated with greater adverse events. Antipsychotics with antidepressant activity in adults, also appear to have antidepressant effects in youths. Use of antidepressants in bipolar depression is generally not recommended although it may be reasonable in specific clinical situations. The similarities between adolescent and adult outcomes suggest that it is reasonable to utilize adult data to aid with clinical decision making in adolescents with BD, especially when pediatric-specific data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky USA
| | - Mehak Pahwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky USA
| | - Rif S El-Mallakh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky USA
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Goldman DA, Blumberg HP. Toward low-risk approaches to prevent bipolar disorder in at-risk youth. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:322-323. [PMID: 35181984 PMCID: PMC9167252 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Goldman
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT 06511
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