1
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Xu C, Cao JF, Pei Y, Kim Y, Moon H, Fan CQ, Liao MC, Wang XY, Yao F, Zhang YJ, Zhang SH, Zhang J, Li JZ, Kim JS, Ma L, Xie ZJ. Injectable hydrogel harnessing foreskin mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for treatment of chronic diabetic skin wounds. J Control Release 2024; 370:339-353. [PMID: 38685383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Chronic skin wounds are a serious complication of diabetes with a high incidence rate, which can lead to disability or even death. Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have beneficial effects on wound healing. However, the human foreskin mesenchymal stem cell (FSMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicle (FM-EV) has not yet been isolated and characterized. Furthermore, the limited supply and short lifespan of EVs also hinder their practical use. In this study, we developed an injectable dual-physical cross-linking hydrogel (PSiW) with self-healing, adhesive, and antibacterial properties, using polyvinylpyrrolidone and silicotungstic acid to load FM-EV. The EVs were evenly distributed in the hydrogel and continuously released. In vivo and vitro tests demonstrated that the synergistic effect of EVs and hydrogel could significantly promote the repair of diabetic wounds by regulating macrophage polarization, promoting angiogenesis, and improving the microenvironment. Overall, the obtained EVs-loaded hydrogels developed in this work exhibited promising applicability for the repair of chronic skin wounds in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Jin-Feng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Pei
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyeon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chui-Qin Fan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Mao-Chuan Liao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, ChangYang Tujia Autonomous County People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lian Ma
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affifiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518038, China; Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Baravkar SB, Lu Y, Masoud AR, Zhao Q, He J, Hong S. Development of a Novel Covalently Bonded Conjugate of Caprylic Acid Tripeptide (Isoleucine-Leucine-Aspartic Acid) for Wound-Compatible and Injectable Hydrogel to Accelerate Healing. Biomolecules 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38254694 PMCID: PMC10813153 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Third-degree burn injuries pose a significant health threat. Safer, easier-to-use, and more effective techniques are urgently needed for their treatment. We hypothesized that covalently bonded conjugates of fatty acids and tripeptides can form wound-compatible hydrogels that can accelerate healing. We first designed conjugated structures as fatty acid-aminoacid1-amonoacid2-aspartate amphiphiles (Cn acid-AA1-AA2-D), which were potentially capable of self-assembling into hydrogels according to the structure and properties of each moiety. We then generated 14 novel conjugates based on this design by using two Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques; we verified their structures and purities through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Of them, 13 conjugates formed hydrogels at low concentrations (≥0.25% w/v), but C8 acid-ILD-NH2 showed the best hydrogelation and was investigated further. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C8 acid-ILD-NH2 formed fibrous network structures and rapidly formed hydrogels that were stable in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 2-8, 37 °C), a typical pathophysiological condition. Injection and rheological studies revealed that the hydrogels manifested important wound treatment properties, including injectability, shear thinning, rapid re-gelation, and wound-compatible mechanics (e.g., moduli G″ and G', ~0.5-15 kPa). The C8 acid-ILD-NH2(2) hydrogel markedly accelerated the healing of third-degree burn wounds on C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the potential of the Cn fatty acid-AA1-AA2-D molecular template to form hydrogels capable of promoting the wound healing of third-degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B. Baravkar
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Jibao He
- Microscopy Laboratory, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, L.S.U. Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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3
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Rakian A, Rakian R, Shay A, Serhan C, Van Dyke T. Periodontal Stem Cells Synthesize Maresin Conjugate in Tissue Regeneration 3. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1205-1213. [PMID: 35428422 PMCID: PMC9403725 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a significant public health problem worldwide. Excess unresolved chronic inflammation destroys the periodontal tissues that surround and support the teeth, and efforts to control inflammation by removal of bacterial deposits on the teeth have limited long-term impact. Likewise, procedures aimed at regeneration of the periodontal tissues have shown limited success. Recent advances in stem cell research have shown promising novel prospects for the use of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in tissue regeneration; however, control of inflammation remains a barrier. Human PDLSCs have been shown to release specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that modulate the immune response and promote resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Studies on stem cell biology in periodontology have also been limited by the lack of a good large animal model. Herein, we describe PDLSC biology of the Yorkshire pig (pPDLSCs). pPDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Using lipid mediator profiling, we demonstrate for the first time that pPDLSCs biosynthesize cysteinyl-containing SPMs (cys-SPMs), specifically, maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 3 (MCTR3) and its authentication using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The exogenous addition of the n-3 precursor docosahexaenoic acid enhances MCTR3 biosynthesis. Using immunocytochemistry, we show that pPDLSCs express 4 of the SPM biosynthetic pathway enzymes necessary for SPM biosynthesis, including 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and 15-lipoxygenase-1. In addition, we identified and quantified the cytokine/chemokine profile of pPDLSCs using a 13-plex immunology multiplex assay and found that the pretreatment of pPDLSCs with MCTR3 in an inflammatory environment reduced the production of acute and chronic proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Together, these results suggest that enhancing resolution of inflammation pathways and mediators may be a possible key early event in predictable periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rakian
- Department of Applied Oral Science, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Rakian
- Department of Applied Oral Science, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A.E. Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C.N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T.E. Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Science, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Yao D, Lv Y. A cell-free difunctional demineralized bone matrix scaffold enhances the recruitment and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by promoting inflammation resolution. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213036. [PMID: 35905556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dialogue between host macrophages (Mφs) and endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes M2 Mφs polarization to resolve early-stage inflammation, thereby effectively guiding in situ bone regeneration. Once inflammation is unresolved/incontrollable, it will induce the impediment of MSCs homing at bone defect site, implying the seasonable resolution of inflammation in balancing bone homeostasis. Repeatedly, evidence elucidated that specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) could conduce to proper resolve inflammation and promote the repairing of bone defect. A difunctional demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold co-modified by maresin 1 (MaR1) and aptamer 19S (Apt19S) was fabricated to facilitate the osteogenesis of MSCs. To confirm the osteogenesis and immunomodulatory role of the difunctional DBM scaffold, the proliferation, recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and the Mφs M2 subtype polarization were evaluated in vitro. Then, the DBM scaffolds were implanted into mice model with critical size calvarial defect to evaluate bone repair efficiency. Finally, the specific resolution mechanism in Mφs cultured on the difunctional DBM scaffold was further in-depth investigated. This difunctional DBM scaffold exhibited an enhanced function on the recruitment, proliferation, migration, osteogenesis of MSCs and the resolution of inflammation, finally improved bone-scaffold integration. At the same time, MaR1 modified on the difunctional DBM scaffold increased the biosynthesis of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 12S-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE), and also directly stimulated lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis in Mφs, which suggested that MaR1 regulated Mφ lipid metabolism at bone repair site. Findings based on this synergy strategy demonstrated that Mφ lipid metabolism was essential in bone homeostasis, which might provide a theoretical direction for the treatment-associated application of MaR1 in inflammatory bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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5
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114430. [PMID: 34757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics strives to capture the entirety of the metabolites in a biological system by comprehensive analysis, often by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. A particular challenge thereby is the differentiation of structural isomers. Common achiral targeted and untargeted assays do not distinguish between enantiomers. This may lead to information loss. An increasing number of publications demonstrate that the enantiomeric ratio of certain metabolites can be meaningful biomarkers of certain diseases emphasizing the importance of introducing enantioselective analytical procedures in metabolomics. In this work, the state-of-the-art in the field of LC-MS based metabolomics is summarized with focus on developments in the recent decade. Methodologies, tagging strategies, workflows and general concepts are outlined. Selected biological applications in which enantioselective metabolomics has documented its usefulness are briefly discussed. In general, targeted enantioselective metabolomics assays are often based on a direct approach using chiral stationary phases (CSP) with polysaccharide derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, chiral crown ethers, chiral ion exchangers, donor-acceptor phases as chiral selectors. Rarely, these targeted assays focus on more than 20 analytes and usually are restricted to a certain metabolite class. In a variety of cases, pre-column derivatization of metabolites has been performed, especially for amino acids, to improve separation and detection sensitivity. Triple quadrupole instruments are the detection methods of first choice in targeted assays. Here, issues like matrix effect, absence of blank matrix impair accuracy of results. In selected applications, multiple heart cutting 2D-LC (RP followed by chiral separation) has been pursued to overcome this problem and alleviate bias due to interferences. Non-targeted assays, on the other hand, are based on indirect approach involving tagging with a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA). Besides classical CDAs numerous innovative reagents and workflows have been proposed and are discussed. Thereby, a critical issue for the accuracy is often neglected, viz. the validation of the enantiomeric impurity in the CDA. The majority of applications focus on amino acids, hydroxy acids, oxidized fatty acids and oxylipins. Some potential clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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Hong S, Nagayach A, Lu Y, Peng H, Duong QVA, Pham NB, Vuong CA, Bazan NG. A high fat, sugar, and salt Western diet induces motor-muscular and sensory dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in mice during aging: Ameliorative action of metformin. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1458-1471. [PMID: 34510763 PMCID: PMC8611779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the novel linkage between a Western diet combining high saturated fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) and neurological dysfunctions during aging as well as Metformin intervention, we assessed cerebral cortex abnormalities associated with sensory and motor dysfunctions and cellular and molecular insights in brains using HFSS‐fed mice during aging. We also explored the effect of Metformin treatment on these mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFSS and treated with metformin from 20 to 22 months of age, resembling human aging from 56 to 68 years of age (an entry phase of the aged portion of lifespan). Results The motor and sensory cortexes in mice during aging after HFSS diet showed: (A) decreased motor‐muscular and sensory functions; (B) reduced inflammation‐resolving Arg‐1+ microglia; (C) increased inflammatory iNOs+ microglia and TNFα levels; (D) enhanced abundance of amyloid‐β peptide and of phosphorylated Tau. Metformin attenuated these changes. Conclusion A HFSS‐combined diet caused motor‐muscular and sensory dysfunctions, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, whereas metformin counteracted these effects. Our findings show neuroinflammatory consequences of a HFSS diet in aging. Metformin curbs the HFSS‐related neuroinflammation eliciting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aarti Nagayach
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Quoc-Viet A Duong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicholas B Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher A Vuong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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7
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Penno CA, Jäger P, Laguerre C, Hasler F, Hofmann A, Gass SK, Wettstein-Ling B, Schaefer DJ, Avrameas A, Raulf F, Wieczorek G, Lehmann JCU, Loesche C, Roth L, Röhn TA. Lipidomics Profiling of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin Lesions Reveals Lipoxygenase Pathway Dysregulation and Accumulation of Proinflammatory Leukotriene B4. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2421-2432.e10. [PMID: 32387270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory dermatosis characterized by abscesses, deep-seated nodules, sinus tracts, and fibrosis in skin lesions around hair follicles of the axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. Whereas the exact pathogenesis remains poorly defined, clear evidence suggests that HS is a multifactorial inflammatory disease characterized by innate and adaptive immune components. Bioactive lipids are important regulators of cutaneous homeostasis, inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. Alterations in the lipid mediator profile can lead to malfunction and cutaneous inflammation. We used targeted lipidomics to analyze selected omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in skin of patients with HS and of healthy volunteers. Lesional HS skin displayed enrichment of 5-lipoxygenase (LO)‒derived metabolites, especially leukotriene B4. In addition, 15-LO‒derived metabolites were underrepresented in HS lesions. Changes in the lipid mediator profile were accompanied by transcriptomic dysregulation of the 5-LO and 15-LO pathways. Hyperactivation of the 5-LO pathway in lesional macrophages identified these cells as potential sources of leukotriene B4, which may cause neutrophil influx and activation. Furthermore, leukotriene B4-induced mediators and pathways were elevated in HS lesions, suggesting a contribution of this proinflammatory lipid meditator to the pathophysiology of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Penno
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Jäger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Laguerre
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Hasler
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K Gass
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein-Ling
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Raulf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C U Lehmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Alapure BV, Lu Y, He M, Chu CC, Peng H, Muhale F, Brewerton YL, Bunnell B, Hong S. Accelerate Healing of Severe Burn Wounds by Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded Biodegradable Hydrogel Scaffold Synthesized from Arginine-Based Poly(ester amide) and Chitosan. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1605-1620. [PMID: 30215325 PMCID: PMC6276600 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burns are some of the most challenging problems in clinics and still lack ideal modalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) incorporated with biomaterial coverage of burn wounds may offer a viable solution. In this report, we seeded MSCs to a biodegradable hybrid hydrogel, namely ACgel, that was synthesized from unsaturated arginine-based poly(ester amide) (UArg-PEA) and chitosan derivative. MSC adhered to ACgels. ACgels maintained a high viability of MSCs in culture for 6 days. MSC seeded to ACgels presented well in third-degree burn wounds of mice at 8 days postburn (dpb) after the necrotic full-thickness skin of burn wounds was debrided and filled and covered by MSC-carrying ACgels. MSC-seeded ACgels promoted the closure, reepithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization of the burn wounds. ACgels alone can also promote vascularization but less effectively compared with MSC-seeded ACgels. The actions of MSC-seeded ACgels or ACgels alone involve the induction of reparative, anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, and M2-like macrophages, as well as the reduction of inflammatory cytokine TNFα and M1-like macrophages at the late inflammatory phase of burn wound healing, which provided the mechanistic insights associated with inflammation and macrophages in burn wounds. For the studied regimens of these treatments, no toxicity was identified to MSCs or mice. Our results indicate that MSC-seeded ACgels have potential use as a novel adjuvant therapy for severe burns to complement commonly used skin grafting and, thus, minimize the downsides of grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat V. Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mingyu He
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Chih-Chang Chu
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Filipe Muhale
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Bruce Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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9
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Simard-Bisson C, Parent LA, Moulin VJ, Fruteau de Laclos B. Characterization of Epidermal Lipoxygenase Expression in Normal Human Skin and Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:813-824. [PMID: 29985723 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418788117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes likely to be involved in corneocyte lipid envelope formation and skin barrier function. In humans, mutations in epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 ( eLOX-3) and 12R-lipoxygenase ( 12R-LOX) genes are associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI), whereas deletion of these genes in mice causes epidermal defects. LOXs also represent a matter of interest in psoriasis as well as in cancer research. However, their expression as well as the exact role of these enzymes in normal human skin have not been fully described. Our goal was to characterize the expression of epidermal LOXs in both normal human skin and Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes (TESS) and to consider TESS as a potential model for LOX functional studies. Staining for epidermal differentiation markers and LOXs was performed, in parallel, on normal human skin and TESS. Our results showed similar expression profiles in TESS when compared with native skin for e-LOX3, 12R-LOX, 12S-lipoxygenase (12S-LOX), and 15-lipoxygenase 2 (15-LOX-2) but not for 15-lipoxygenase 1 (15-LOX-1). Because of their appropriate epidermal differentiation and LOX expression, TESS represent an alternative model for future studies on LOX function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Simard-Bisson
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Lorraine Andrée Parent
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique J Moulin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Fruteau de Laclos
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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Hellmann J, Sansbury BE, Wong B, Li X, Singh M, Nuutila K, Chiang N, Eriksson E, Serhan CN, Spite M. Biosynthesis of D-Series Resolvins in Skin Provides Insights into their Role in Tissue Repair. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2051-2060. [PMID: 29559341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous injury causes underlying tissue damage that must be quickly repaired to minimize exposure to pathogens and to restore barrier function. While the role of growth factors in tissue repair is established, the role of lipid mediators in skin repair has not been investigated extensively. Using a mass spectrometry-based lipid mediator metabolomics approach, we identified D-series resolvins and related pro-resolving lipid mediators during skin injury in mice and pigs. Differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes increased expression of 15-lipoxygenase and stereospecific production of 17S-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, the common upstream biosynthetic marker and precursor of D-series resolvins. In human and pig skin, specific receptors for D-series resolvins were expressed in the epidermal layer and mice deficient in RvD1 receptor Alx/Fpr2 showed an endogenous defect in re-epithelialization. Topical application of D-series resolvins expedited re-epithelialization during skin injury and they enhanced migration of human epidermal keratinocytes in a receptor-dependent manner. The enhancement of re-epithelialization by RvD2 was lost in mice genetically deficient in its receptor and migration of keratinocytes stimulated with RvD2 was associated with activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-S6 pathway, blockade of which prevented its pro-migratory actions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that resolvins have direct roles in the tissue repair program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hellmann
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blenda Wong
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mansher Singh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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11
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Fatty acids and related lipid mediators in the regulation of cutaneous inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:119-129. [PMID: 29330355 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human skin has a distinct profile of fatty acids and related bioactive lipid mediators that regulate many aspects of epidermal and dermal homeostasis, including immune and inflammatory reactions. Sebum lipids act as effective antimicrobial agents, shape immune cell communications and contribute to the epidermal lipidome. The essential fatty acid linoleic acid is crucial for the structure of the epidermal barrier, while polyunsaturated fatty acids act as precursors to eicosanoids, octadecanoids and docosanoids through cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated reactions, and endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamines. Cross-communication between these families of bioactive lipids suggests that their cutaneous activities should be considered as part of a wider metabolic network that can be targeted to maintain skin health, control inflammation and improve skin pathologies.
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12
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Bazan HA, Lu Y, Jun B, Fang Z, Woods TC, Hong S. Circulating inflammation-resolving lipid mediators RvD1 and DHA are decreased in patients with acutely symptomatic carotid disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:43-47. [PMID: 28987721 PMCID: PMC5909403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis of an acutely symptomatic carotid plaque rupture event are currently lacking, impairing the ability to diagnose and treat patients with an acute plaque rupture events in a timely fashion. Resolvins are endogenous inflammation-resolving lipid mediators that are induced by inflammatory insults. We hypothesized that resolvin and other lipid profiles in sera likely mark the process towards plaque rupture. METHODS Circulating lipids associated with plaque rupture events were quantitatively profiled via targeted mediator-lipidomics using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in patients with acutely symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. RESULTS Resolvin D1 (RvD1, 82 ± 11pM vs. 152 ± 17pM, p = 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.052 ± 0.007µM versus 0.076 ± 0.008µM, p = 0.025) levels are decreased in the sera of patients presenting with an acutely symptomatic carotid plaque rupture event (n = 21) compared to patients with asymptomatic (n = 24) high-grade carotid stenosis. Circulating arachidonic acid (AA) levels, however, were higher (0.429 ± 0.046µM versus 0.257 ± 0.035µM, p < 0.01) in acutely symptomatic compared to asymptomatic carotid patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrates that the serum ratio AA:RvD1 (AUC 0.84, sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.92) and AA:DHA (AUC 0.86, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.71) are biomarkers for the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS A circulating pro-inflammatory lipid profile, characterized by high AA:RvD1 and AA:DHA, is associated with acutely symptomatic carotid disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan A. Bazan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Ochsner Clinic and The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121
- Correspondence: Dr. Hernan Bazan, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 | | 504 842 4053 (office); 504 842 5017 (fax)
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - T. Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology and the Heart & Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Correspondence: Dr. Hernan Bazan, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 | | 504 842 4053 (office); 504 842 5017 (fax)
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13
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Alapure BV, Lu Y, Peng H, Hong S. Surgical Denervation of Specific Cutaneous Nerves Impedes Excisional Wound Healing of Small Animal Ear Pinnae. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1236-1243. [PMID: 28110472 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Damage to cutaneous nerves inhibits wound healing in patients. Results from animals on the nerve contributions to healing are various and sometimes contradictory. Here, we aim to clearly define the collective role of central, caudal, and rostral nerves in ear wound healing of mice, rats, and rabbits. These wounds heal with minimal contraction like wounds in humans. We resected central, caudal, and rostral nerves at the base of ear pinnae by microsurgery and created excisional full-thickness skin wounds in the pinnae neurologically downstream from the resections. Denervation in mice resulted in no closure for 14 days post-wounding (dpw) and led to only 17.2% closure at 21 dpw when the excisional wounds of non-denervated ear pinnae were completely closed. Compared to excisional wounds that were not denervated in sham surgery, wounds with denervation showed an increase of excisional wound areas for 5.0% by 7 dpw and a 43.7% reduction of wound closure at 12 dpw for rats. In rabbits, denervation attenuated wound closure for 14.2, 34.4, and 28.3% at 7, 14, and 18 dpw, respectively. Our histological analysis showed marked denervation impairment in pivotal healing processes, re-epithelialization and granulation tissue growth, suggesting denervation impairment in the regeneration of blood capillaries and/or connective tissue in wounds. These results reveal the critical contributions made by central, caudal, and rostral nerves in ear pinnae to minimal-contraction skin wound healing. Our study also provides small animal models of minimal-contraction wound healing of denervated ear skins that recapitulate human wound healing involving surgical or traumatic nerve damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat V Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Berry E, Liu Y, Chen L, Guo AM. Eicosanoids: Emerging contributors in stem cell-mediated wound healing. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 132:17-24. [PMID: 27825971 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid products primarily derived from the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA). The individual contributions of eicosanoids and stem cells to wound healing have been of great interest. This review focuses on how stem cells work in concert with eicosanoids to create a beneficial environment in the wound bed and in the promotion of wound healing. Stem cells contribute to wound healing through modulating inflammation, differentiating into skin cells or endothelial cells, and exerting paracrine effects by releasing various potent growth factors. Eicosanoids have been shown to stimulate proliferation, migration, homing, and differentiation of stem cells, all of which contribute to the process of wound healing. Increasing evidence has shown that eicosanoids improve wound healing through increasing stem cell densities, stimulating differentiation, and enhancing the angiogenic properties of stem cells. Chronic wounds have become a major problem in health care. Therefore, research regarding the effects of stem cells and eicosanoids in the promotion wound healing is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States
| | - Yanzhou Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Austin M Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Fujita K, Kuge K, Ozawa N, Sahara S, Zaiki K, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Takenaka Y, Tanahashi T, Tamai K, Kaneda Y, Maeda A. Cinnamtannin B-1 Promotes Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Accelerates Wound Healing in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144166. [PMID: 26657737 PMCID: PMC4686113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substances that enhance the migration of mesenchymal stem cells to damaged sites have the potential to improve the effectiveness of tissue repair. We previously found that ethanol extracts of Mallotus philippinensis bark promoted migration of mesenchymal stem cells and improved wound healing in a mouse model. We also demonstrated that bark extracts contain cinnamtannin B-1, a flavonoid with in vitro migratory activity against mesenchymal stem cells. However, the in vivo effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on the migration of mesenchymal stem cells and underlying mechanism of this action remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of cinnamtannin B-1 on in vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells and wound healing in mice. In addition, we characterized cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells pharmacologically and structurally. The mobilization of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells into the blood circulation was enhanced in cinnamtannin B-1-treated mice as shown by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells. Whole animal imaging analysis using luciferase-expressing mesenchymal stem cells as a tracer revealed that cinnamtannin B-1 increased the homing of mesenchymal stem cells to wounds and accelerated healing in a diabetic mouse model. Additionally, the cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells was pharmacologically susceptible to inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C, lipoxygenase, and purines. Furthermore, biflavonoids with similar structural features to cinnamtannin B-1 also augmented the migration of mesenchymal stem cells by similar pharmacological mechanisms. These results demonstrate that cinnamtannin B-1 promoted mesenchymal stem cell migration in vivo and improved wound healing in mice. Furthermore, the results reveal that cinnamtannin B-1-induced migration of mesenchymal stem cells may be mediated by specific signaling pathways, and the flavonoid skeleton may be relevant to its effects on mesenchymal stem cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fujita
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kuge
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ozawa
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Shunya Sahara
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kaori Zaiki
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research and Development Division, PIAS Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, 651–2241, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takenaka
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Takao Tanahashi
- Organic Chemistry Department, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658–8558, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Akito Maeda
- Skin Regeneration, PIAS Collaborative Research, UIC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
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