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Hannawa AF, Spitzberg BH, Bhusal A, Harriman A, Little T. Pandemic Palliatives and COVID-19 Coping: Toward the Development of a "Coping with Crisis Communications" (COCCO) Scale. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39397389 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2413762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of coping strategies during global crises and demonstrated how official communications shape public responses. This study evaluates the psychometric validity of a novel pentadic "Coping with Crisis Communication" (COCCO) Scale, which categorizes coping behaviors into five behavioral responses: moving-with, moving-against, moving-outward, moving-away, and moving-inward. A national representative survey of 742 Swiss residents, conducted in February 2022, measured these coping responses to official COVID-19 communications from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) and traditional Swiss news media (TNM). Items were developed to assess how participants engaged with, opposed, reached outward for support, distanced from, or internalized the messages. Confirmatory factor analyses tested multiple models (5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-factor structures) based on both the initial pentadic theory and data-driven refinements. While the original 5-factor model showed insufficient fit, a 7-factor model (moving-with, moving-toward, moving-against, moving-outward, moving-away, negative-moving-inward, positive-moving-inward) provided a satisfactory factor solution. This model exhibited measurement invariance across the three language versions of the scale (French, Italian, German) and across the two communication contexts (FOPH, TNM). The COCCO scale offers an effective, movement-based assessment of coping strategies in response to crisis communications, serving as a valuable tool for understanding public behavior during global crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret F Hannawa
- Center for the Advancement of Healthcare Quality & Safety (CAHQS), Faculty of Communication, Culture & Society, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI)
- European Institute for Safe Communication (EISC)
| | | | - Aneel Bhusal
- Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University
| | - Abbie Harriman
- Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University
| | - Todd Little
- Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University
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Mayor E, Lieb R. Dispositional factors in the explanation of symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety and COVID-19 Phobia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299593. [PMID: 38625856 PMCID: PMC11020815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive personality, the motivational systems, and intolerance of uncertainty play important roles in the statistical explanation of depression and anxiety. Here, we notably examined for the first time whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 share similar associations (e.g., variance explained) with these important dispositional dimensions. For this cross-sectional study, data from 1001 participants recruited in Germany (50% women; mean age = 47.26) were collected. In separate models, we examined the cross-sectional associations of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 with the Personality Inventory for DSM Short Form Plus scales, the Behavioral Inhibition System / Flight-Fight-Freeze System / Behavioral Activation System scales, and Intolerance of Uncertainty scales. Relative weight analyses were used to determine the within-model importance of the different scales in the prediction of the symptoms. All in all, our study showed that maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions are more important sets of predictors of the studied outcomes (with which depressive and anxious symptomatology feature very similar associations) than are the motivational system dimensions. Within predictor sets, the scales with the most important predictors were: Negative Affectivity, the Behavioral Inhibition System, and Burden due to Intolerance of Uncertainty. Our findings highlight the relevance of focusing behavioral targets of psychotherapy on these within-set traits and identify potential research priorities (maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty) in relation to the symptoms of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mayor
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Schumacher A, Micheli L. Anticipated scarcity and stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of perceived threat, childhood SES and materialism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294497. [PMID: 38527018 PMCID: PMC10962804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that perceived existential threat experienced during or shortly after the first wave of the global COVID-19 pandemic, engendered anticipated scarcity and stockpiling behavior. However, the relationship between anticipated scarcity and stockpiling may not hold unambiguously for everyone. Across two studies and one preregistered replication (N = 644), we show that perceived threat of COVID-19 is associated with stockpiling tendencies by increasing the anticipation of product scarcity-a resource threat. The association between anticipated product scarcity and stockpiling depends, however, on childhood socio-economic status (SES) and materialism. For individuals with low childhood SES, the anticipation of product scarcity was only associated with stockpiling among those who valued materialism. Individuals with high childhood SES, by contrast, stockpiled in response to anticipated scarcity regardless of their level of materialism. Our findings qualify previous literature on the association between perceived threat of COVID-19, anticipated scarcity and stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic and help reconcile contradictory predictions about the role of childhood SES in individuals' consumption behavior in response to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schumacher
- Marketing Department, Grenoble École de Management, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Micheli
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hubbard G, Daas CD, Johnston M, Dunsmore J, Maier M, Polson R, Dixon D. Behavioural Sciences Contribution to Suppressing Transmission of Covid-19 in the UK: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:1-18. [PMID: 37059924 PMCID: PMC10104693 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Governments have relied on their citizens to adhere to a variety of transmission-reducing behaviours (TRBs) to suppress the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding the psychological and sociodemographic predictors of adherence to TRBs will be heavily influenced by the particular theories used by researchers. This review aims to identify the theories and theoretical constructs used to understand adherence to TRBs during the pandemic within the UK social and legislative context. METHODS A systematic review identified studies to understand TRBs of adults in the UK during the pandemic. Identified theoretical constructs were coded to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Data are presented as a narrative summary. RESULTS Thirty-five studies (n = 211,209) investigated 123 TRBs, applied 13 theoretical frameworks and reported 50 sociodemographic characteristics and 129 psychological constructs. Most studies used social cognition theories to understand TRBs and employed cross-sectional designs. Risk of sampling bias was high. Relationships between constructs and TRBs varied, but in general, beliefs about the disease (e.g. severity and risk perception) and about TRBs (e.g. behavioural norms) influenced behavioural intentions and self-reported adherence. More studies than not found that older people and females were more adherent. CONCLUSIONS Behavioural scientists in the UK generated a significant and varied body of work to understand TRBs during the pandemic. However, more use of theories that do not rely on deliberative processes to effect behaviour change and study designs better able to support causal inferences should be used in future to inform public health policy and practice. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021282699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Hubbard
- Department of Nursing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
- Centre for Health Science, Older Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
| | - Chantal den Daas
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Marie Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Jennifer Dunsmore
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Mona Maier
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Rob Polson
- Department of Nursing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Diane Dixon
- Department of Nursing, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, EH11 4BN, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Bacon AM, White L, Norman A. Coping with fibromyalgia during the COVID-19 pandemic: adjustment and wellbeing. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1345-1360. [PMID: 34903135 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2013484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition with symptoms known to be exacerbated by stress. Individuals with FMS may be experiencing particular distress under Covid-19 pandemic-related lifestyle restrictions. The present study examined wellbeing, perceived symptom change and coping in individuals with and without FMS during pandemic-related social lockdown in the UK. DESIGN Participants with a diagnosis of FMS (N = 390) and a general public sample with no FMS (N = 151) completed questionnaires at three time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BBC Wellbeing Scale, Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire measure of coping, perception of extent to which symptoms have worsened or improved over time. RESULTS Contrary to expectations, FMS participants reported no worsening of symptoms and an increase in wellbeing over the study period. Non-FMS participants experienced worsening health symptoms and no change in wellbeing. Coping strategies involving positive reappraisal, refocussing and planning were positively associated with wellbeing in the FMS group. CONCLUSION The unpredictable symptom profile in FMS, and the regular readjustment this necessitates, may support a form of resilience which has been adaptive during the pandemic. The results have implications for supporting people with FMS, and potentially other chronic conditions, especially at times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Leah White
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Alyson Norman
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Ding Y, Ishibashi R, Abe T, Honda A, Sugiura M. A multifactorial framework of psychobehavioral determinants of coping behaviors: an online survey at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200473. [PMID: 37636823 PMCID: PMC10448049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 dramatically changed people's behavior because of the need to adhere to infection prevention and to overcome general adversity resulting from the implementation of infection prevention measures. However, coping behavior has not been fully distinguished from risk perception, and a comprehensive picture of demographic, risk-perception, and psychobehavioral factors that influence the major coping-behavior factors remain to be elucidated. In this study, we recruited 2,885 Japanese participants. Major coping-behavior and risk-perception factors were identified via exploratory factor analysis of 50 candidate items. Then, we conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis to investigate factors associated with each coping-behavior factor. We identified four types of coping behavior [CB1 (mask-wearing), CB2 (information-seeking), CB3 (resistance to social stagnation), and CB4 (infection-prevention)] and three risk-perception factors [RP1 (shortages of daily necessities), RP2 (medical concerns), and RP3 (socioeconomic concerns)]. CB1 was positively associated with female sex and etiquette. CB2 was positively related to RP1 and RP3. CB3 was positively related to RP1 and leadership, and negatively associated with etiquette. CB4 was positively associated with female sex, etiquette, and active well-being. This parsimonious model may help to elucidate essential social dynamics and provide a theoretical framework for coping behavior during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishibashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Honda
- Faculty of Informatics, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Chater AM, Brook-Rowland P, Tolani F, Christopher E, Hart J, Byrne-Davis LMT, Moffat A, Shorter GW, Epton T, Kamal A, O’Connor DB, Whittaker E, Lewis LJM, McBride E, Swanson V, Arden MA. Understanding a constellation of eight COVID-19 disease prevention behaviours using the COM-B model and the theoretical domains framework: a qualitative study using the behaviour change wheel. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130875. [PMID: 37475767 PMCID: PMC10355219 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of behavioural science and behaviour change within local authorities and public health has supported healthful change; as evidenced by its importance and contribution to reducing harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can provide valuable information to enable the creation of evidence-based intervention strategies, co-created with the people they are aimed at, in an effective and efficient manner. Aim This study aimed to use the COM-B model to understand the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of performing a constellation of eight COVID-19 disease prevention behaviours related to the slogans of 'Hands, Face, Space, Fresh Air'; 'Find, Isolate, Test, (FIT), and Vaccinate' in those employed in workplaces identified as high risk for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to support intervention development. Methods This qualitative study recruited twenty-three participants (16 female, 7 male), who were interviewed from three environments (schools, care homes, warehouses) across three local authorities. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Ten core themes were identified inductively; (1) knowledge and skills, (2) regulating the behaviour, (3) willingness to act, (4) necessity and concerns, (5) emotional impact, (6) conducive environment, (7) societal influence, (8) no longer united against COVID-19, (9) credible leadership, and (10) inconsistent adherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviours. Themes were then deductively mapped to the COM-B model of behaviour change and the theoretical domains framework and a logic model using the behaviour change wheel (BCW) was produced to inform intervention design. Conclusion This study offers a novel approach to analysis that has included eight behaviours within a single thematic analysis and COM-B diagnosis. This will enable local authorities to direct limited resources to overarching priorities. Of key importance, was the need for supportive and credible leadership, alongside developing interventions collaboratively with the target audience. COVID-19 has had an emotional toll on those interviewed, however, promoting the value of disease prevention behaviours, over and above their costs, can facilitate behaviour. Developing knowledge and skills, through education, training, marketing and modelling can further facilitate behaviour. This supports guidance produced by the British Psychological Society COVID-19 behavioural science and disease prevention taskforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M. Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Brook-Rowland
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Foyeke Tolani
- Bedford Borough, Central Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes Councils’ Shared Public Health Services, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Christopher
- Bedford Borough, Central Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes Councils’ Shared Public Health Services, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Hart
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abby Moffat
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- Drug and Alcohol Research Network, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Atiya Kamal
- School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl B. O’Connor
- Laboratory for Stress and Health Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Whittaker
- North Yorkshire County Council, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley J. M. Lewis
- Behavioural Science Unit, Public Health, Somerset County Council, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien Swanson
- Psychology Division, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Madelynne A. Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Haver A, Krampe H, Danbolt LJ, Stålsett G, Schnell T. Emotion regulation moderates the association between COVID-19 stress and mental distress: findings on buffering, exacerbation, and gender differences in a cross-sectional study from Norway. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1121986. [PMID: 38427783 PMCID: PMC10325689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining good mental health is important during a crisis. However, little attention has been given to how people achieve this, or how they evaluate emotions associated with stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to (1) investigate whether emotion regulation, in particular cognitive reappraisal and suppression, moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress and (2) examine gender differences in the interrelations between COVID-19 stress, emotion regulation, and mental distress. Methods Data from a population in Norway (n = 1.225) were collected using a cross-sectional survey during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Scale (ERQ), COVID-19 stress with the COVID-19 Stress Scale, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results There was a strong association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress (r = 0.61). The moderation analyses showed substantial moderation effects of cognitive reappraisal and suppression on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Cognitive reappraisal served as a buffer (p = 0.001) and suppression (p = 0.002) exacerbated the relation between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Men had higher scores of suppression (p < 0.001), and women had higher scores of cognitive reappraisal (p = 0.025). The buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal presented itself only in women (p < 0.001), while the exacerbation effect of suppression appeared only in men (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress is easier to deal with for those who have the tendency to cognitively reappraise. In contrast, suppression is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress can be supported by guiding people about the importance of using healthy emotion regulation strategies, as well as helping them to become more aware of the way they interpret and regulate their emotions. Gender differences in emotion regulation suggest gender awareness, e.g., tailored programs for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Haver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychology of Religion, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Gry Stålsett
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Birkelund KS, Rasmussen SS, Shwank SE, Johnson J, Acharya G. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's perinatal mental health and its association with personality traits: An observational study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:270-281. [PMID: 36825665 PMCID: PMC9951299 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of perinatal mental health problems was expected to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. We prospectively investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in Norway and explored associations with their sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sociodemographic information and the self-reported impact of pandemic on wellbeing of pregnant women was collected using an online survey. To assess women's mental health, two validated questionnaires, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item Scale (GAD-7), were used prenatally and postnatally. Personality traits were evaluated using HumanGuide, a web-based ipsative psychological evaluation instrument. RESULTS 772 women were included prenatally, of which 526 also responded to the survey 4-6 weeks postnatally. The median age was 29 years, 53.6% of the women were nulliparous when enrolled, and 35.1% worked in the healthcare sector. The median EPDS (6.0; interquartile range [IQR] 3.0-10.0 vs 6.0; IQR: 3.0-10.0) and the median GAD-7 (5.0; IQR 2.0-9.0 vs 5.0; IQR 2.0-9.0) were similar pre-and postnatally. Prenatally, the proportion of women scoring ≥13 on EPDS and ≥10 on GAD-7 was 14.5% (112/772) and 21.5% (166/772), whereas the postnatal figures were 15.6% (82/526) and 21.5% (113/526), respectively. The differences were not significant (P = 0.59 and P = 0.99). Being <25 years of age, being on pre-pregnancy psychotherapy or psychotropic medication, frequent voluntary isolation, perception of maternity care not proceeding normally, avoiding seeking medical assistance due to fear of infection and having negative economic consequences during the COVID19 pandemic significantly increased the risk of both anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10) and depression (EPDS ≥13). Nullipara had a higher risk of anxiety, whereas being a healthcare worker had a lower risk. The personality trait factors Power (P = 0.008), Quality (P = 0.008), Stability (P < 0.001) and Contacts (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of depression among pregnant women, whereas the Quality (P = 0.005) and Contacts (P = 0.003) were significant predictors of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depression (EPDS ≥ 13) and anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 14.5% and 21.5%, respectively, among Norwegian pregnant women. Certain sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits were significant predictors of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine S. Birkelund
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Solrun S. Rasmussen
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Simone E. Shwank
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Johnson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Women's Health, Center for Fetal MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Pulido MA, Brown F, Cortés R, Salame M. Reinforcement sensitivity theory may predict COVID-19 infection outcome and vulnerability. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 200:111867. [PMID: 35999958 PMCID: PMC9388444 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that specific behavior patterns may be related with the outcome and vulnerability of a COVID-19 infection; nevertheless, much of this information has been obtained by means of psychological paradigms that are not based on research conducted using experimental designs. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify behavior patterns associated with COVID-19 outcome and vulnerability from the point of view of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. A total of 464 college students from Mexico-City participated in the study. Participants answered the Behavior Inhibition, Behavior Activation scales (Carver & White, 1994), the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (Corr & Cooper, 2016) and a COVID-19 symptom checklist. Data showed that those individuals who respond in an enthusiastic way to rewards develop less symptoms of COVID-19. Additionally, individuals who are keen in the exploration and identification of new rewarding opportunities are less likely to develop a COVID-19 infection. Both findings suggest that a potent Behavior Activation System could protect individuals during the present pandemic. These results are in general agreement with others produced within the same framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Pulido
- Universidad Anáhuac México, Mexico
- Centro de Estudios Superiores Monte Fénix, Mexico
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Ramezani M, Feizi-Derakhshi MR, Balafar MA. Text-based automatic personality prediction using KGrAt-Net: a knowledge graph attention network classifier. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21453. [PMID: 36509800 PMCID: PMC9743120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a tremendous amount of human communications occur on Internet-based communication infrastructures, like social networks, email, forums, organizational communication platforms, etc. Indeed, the automatic prediction or assessment of individuals' personalities through their written or exchanged text would be advantageous to ameliorate their relationships. To this end, this paper aims to propose KGrAt-Net, which is a Knowledge Graph Attention Network text classifier. For the first time, it applies the knowledge graph attention network to perform Automatic Personality Prediction (APP), according to the Big Five personality traits. After performing some preprocessing activities, it first tries to acquire a knowing-full representation of the knowledge behind the concepts in the input text by building its equivalent knowledge graph. A knowledge graph collects interlinked descriptions of concepts, entities, and relationships in a machine-readable form. Practically, it provides a machine-readable cognitive understanding of concepts and semantic relationships among them. Then, applying the attention mechanism, it attempts to pay attention to the most relevant parts of the graph to predict the personality traits of the input text. We used 2467 essays from the Essays Dataset. The results demonstrated that KGrAt-Net considerably improved personality prediction accuracies (up to 70.26% on average). Furthermore, KGrAt-Net also uses knowledge graph embedding to enrich the classification, which makes it even more accurate (on average, 72.41%) in APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ramezani
- Computerized Intelligence Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Feizi-Derakhshi
- Computerized Intelligence Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Balafar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Fontes A, Pereira CR, Menezes S, Soares A, Almeida P, Carvalho G, Arriaga P. Predictors of Health-Protective and Helping Behaviors during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support and Resilience. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221123777. [PMID: 36036086 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The COVID -19 pandemic dramatically affected people's lives. In this study, we explored the role of social and personal factors underlying individuals' adaptive responses during the critical onset period of the outbreak. In particular, we tested two models on the mediating role of health-protective behaviors in the relationship between social support, resilience, and helping behavior. A sample of 1085 participants from Portugal and Brazil took part in an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. First, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis of the health-protective behaviors to prevent contagion by the coronavirus, we identified two distinct dimensions, one aggregating active protective behaviors and the other as avoidant behaviors. Secondly, we found that resilience and active protective behavior sequentially mediated the relationship between social support and willingness to help. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that this mediational process was similar in both countries. Given the wide range of social and individual factors that may predict prosocial behaviors, we highlight the role of social support on the intention to help through resilience and active protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fontes
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, BRU-IUL, Portugal; and 126808Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cícero Roberto Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Sofia Menezes
- Military Academy Research Center (CINAMIL); and 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Soares
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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13
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Clayton McClure JH, Cole SN. Controllability is key: Goal pursuit during COVID‐19 and insights for theories of self‐regulation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott N. Cole
- School of Education, Language and Psychology York St John University York UK
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14
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Hung WL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of Police Officers' COVID-19 Fear, Resistance to Organizational Change Effect on Emotional Exhaustion and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10374. [PMID: 36012009 PMCID: PMC9408193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has continued to spread around the world. The police have performed various epidemic prevention and routine duties. This study explores how police officers' COVID-19 fear, resistance to organizational change, intolerance of uncertainty, and secondary trauma affect emotional exhaustion and insomnia in the context of COVID-19. A total of 205 valid police samples were collected in this study, and the established hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study confirmed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, secondary trauma of police officers positively affects emotional exhaustion and insomnia; intolerance of uncertainty positively affects emotional exhaustion; resistance to organizational change positively affects intolerance of uncertainty and emotional exhaustion; intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between resistance to organizational change and emotional exhaustion; COVID-19 fear positively influences secondary trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Hung
- Department of Criminal Justice, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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15
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Hu Y, Shu L, Zhang H, Wang C, Yu C, Cui G. Perceived Epidemic Risk and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Security and the Moderation Role of Perceived Discrimination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7054. [PMID: 35742301 PMCID: PMC9222746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, posing a threat to peoples' lives and health safety all over the world. Research suggests some potential relationships among perceived risk, discrimination, security, and depression symptoms. However, little attention has been paid to the complex mechanisms of the associations between these variables. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of security and moderation role of perceived discrimination in the prediction of perceived epidemic risk on depression symptoms. Thus, we aimed to identify if perceived epidemic risk is a positive predictor of depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey in China during the COVID-19 pandemic which measured perceived epidemic risk, discrimination, security, and depression symptoms. A total of 3443 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results indicated that depression symptoms were predicted by perceived epidemic risk through the mediating role of security, and this mediating role of security was moderated by perceived discrimination. Specifically, high levels of perceived discrimination may lead to a significant decrease in personal security, thus clustering depressive symptoms. These findings shed light on the influence of the perceived risk of the epidemic on depression symptoms in the context of the epidemic situation, which may help to develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Hu
- Department of Students’ Affairs, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Lingling Shu
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (L.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (L.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Chengfu Yu
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Guanyu Cui
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (L.S.); (H.Z.)
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16
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Pan X, Luo Y. Exploring the multidimensional relationships between social media support, social confidence, perceived media credibility and life attitude during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 41:3388-3400. [PMID: 35645549 PMCID: PMC9130692 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature mainly focuses on the impact of social media support on social trust, emotional effect and life attitude, and affirmed the social governance value of social media support. However, the multidimensional relationship between social media support and social confidence, perceived media credibility and life attitude during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important, yet less explored, research issue. The present research aimed to fill in this gap by a survey of 1343 participants who are permanent residents aged 18 and above in a city through WeChat social networking platform. The results showed that: (1) social media support exerted direct influence on social confidence, perceived media credibility and life attitude; (2) perceived media credibility positively influenced social confidence; (3) social media support not only directly promoted social confidence, but also indirectly influenced social confidence through public’s perceived media credibility. These findings suggested that strengthening social media support during the COVID-19 pandemic is not only helpful to reconstitute the public’s confidence in prevailing against the pandemic, but also is able to help promote the diversification of the power of public network autonomy. This study highlighted social media support as an effective path to improve the ability of social governance.
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17
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Ozdemir S, Ng S, Chaudhry I, Finkelstein EA. Adoption of Preventive Behaviour Strategies and Public Perceptions About COVID-19 in Singapore. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:579-591. [PMID: 33105971 PMCID: PMC9309921 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes a serious public health concern. However, adoption of COVID-19-related preventive behaviours remain relatively unknown. This study investigated predictors of preventive behaviours. METHODS An analytical sample of 897 Singaporean adults who were quota sampled based on age, gender, and ethnicity were recruited through a web-enabled survey. Outcomes were adoption of, or increased frequency of preventive behaviours (avoiding social events; avoiding public transport; reducing time spent shopping and eating out; wearing a mask in public; avoiding hospitals/clinics; keeping children out of school, washing hands/using sanitisers; keeping surroundings clean; avoiding touching public surfaces; working from/studying at home). Public perceptions regarding COVID-19 (chances of getting COVID-19; perceived likelihood of COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) admission; government trust; self-efficacy; perceived appropriateness of COVID-19 behaviours; response efficacy), anxiety, and demographic characteristics (age; ethnicity; marital status; education; chronic conditions; current living arrangements) were investigated as predictors of preventive behaviours adopted during COVID-19 in binomial and ordered logistic regressions. RESULTS Though adoption of preventive behaviours among Singaporeans varied, it was, overall, high, and consistent with government recommendations. Nearly a quarter reported moderate to severe anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder 7-item - GAD-7 scores). Respondents who perceived higher COVID-19 risks, had higher government trust, higher self-efficacy, and perceived that others acted appropriately reported increased adoption/frequency of preventive measures. The strongest indicator of behavioural change was response efficacy. Respondents who were older, highly educated, anxious and married reported higher adoption/frequency of preventive measures. CONCLUSION To successfully influence appropriate preventive behaviours, public health messages should highlight response efficacy, increase self-efficacy, and promote trust in governmental response. Focus should be on demographic segments with low adoptions, such as younger individuals and those with low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Ozdemir
- Signature Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Ng
- Signature Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isha Chaudhry
- Signature Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Signature Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Pino O, Cunegatti F, D’Angelo M. The Role of Life Meaning in Psychological Distress and Post-traumatic Growth Among Italian First-Aid Volunteers During the COVID-19 Outbreak. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9009984 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a sudden and disruptive event that has produced lots of deaths, overload of the healthcare system, interruption of social habits, and change in life prospective. The study aimed to explore the relationships between meaning of life, psychological distress, and post-traumatic growth in volunteers from the first-aid associations operating in Italy belonging to the areas most affected by the pandemic (Bergamo, Brescia, and Parma). Our hypothesis anticipated that the meaning of life can mediate the relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic growth. We, also, expected that this effect could vary with the role played in the rescue team, the increased shifts’ amount, and the monetary incentive. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 268 consenting participants completed Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Personal Meaningful Profile-Brief (PMP-B). Findings yielded a positive relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic growth (r = .284). Regarding the meaning of life, Spearman’s correlation revealed that the two dimensions of “Self-Transcendence” and “Religion” are moderately involved in the post-traumatic change (specifically, “New Possibilities” ρ = .237, “Personal Strength” ρ = .252, and “Spiritual Change” ρ = .373). Logistic regression failed to show any effect concerning role, shifts’ amount, and distress level. Finally, the monetary incentive appeared to not influence the altruism’s propension. Even though our findings should be interpreted with caution, this study provides evidence for the relevance of meaning of life to understanding of resilience and promoting the well-being of workforce following traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Pino
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Cunegatti
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Miriana D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
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19
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Fu P, Jing B, Chen T, Yang J, Cong G. Identifying a New Social Intervention Model of Panic Buying Under Sudden Epidemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:842904. [PMID: 35359796 PMCID: PMC8963413 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.842904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 that broke out at the end of 2019 continues to spread globally, with frequent occurrence of variant disease strains, thus epidemic prevention and control become a kind of routine job. At present, due to the prevention and control measures such as maintaining social distance and community blockades, there is a boom in material purchases in many places, which not only seriously endangers social order and public environmental safety, but also easily leads to the interruption of the supply chain and the shortage of social materials. This article aims to study the intervention methods to curb the spread and spread of panic buying behavior. Firstly, through crawler technology and LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model, this article analyzes the intervention measures taken by various social forces in China to curb the spread of panic buying, and summarizes the multi-channel intervention measures including online and offline forms. Secondly, through the multi-Agent Monte Carlo method, the targeted intervention mechanism is supplemented in each propagation link of the panic buying propagation model, and a new social intervention model of panic buying under sudden epidemic is constructed. Then, through MATLAB modeling and simulation, the main factors affecting panic buying intervention are discussed. The simulation results show that: (1) The single plan with the best intervention effect is the supply monitoring. While the official response can play an immediate inhibitory effect, but it is affected by credibility and timeliness. The intervention effect of psychological counseling is limited, and it generally needs to be used in combination with other measures. (2) The combination strategy with the best intervention effect is "supply monitoring + official response + psychological counseling," and the worst is "information review and guidance + psychological counseling." Supply monitoring is a key measure to curb panic buying. At the same time, "information review and guidance" will have a certain counter-effect in the combined strategy. Finally, the effectiveness and universality of the proposed model are verified by examples of China and Britain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Fu
- School of Management and Electronic Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bailu Jing
- School of Management and Electronic Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tinggui Chen
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, United States
| | - Guodong Cong
- School of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Ma X, Liao J. Buying to Cope With Scarcity During Public Emergencies: A Serial Mediation Model Based on Cognition-Affect Theory. Front Psychol 2022; 12:791850. [PMID: 35153914 PMCID: PMC8828481 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic buying is a common phenomenon that occurs during public emergencies and has a significant undesirable impact on society. This research explored the effect of scarcity on panic buying and the role of perceived control and panic in this effect through big data, an online survey and behavior experiments in a real public emergency (i.e., COVID-19) and simulative public emergencies. The findings showed that scarcity aggravates panic buying (Studies 1–3), and this aggravation effect is serially mediated by perceived control and panic (Studies 2–3). Moreover, this serial mediation model is more suitable for public health emergencies (Study 3). These findings enrich the understanding of panic buying and provide important enlightenment for guiding rational public behavior and managing public opinion during public emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Ma
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangqun Liao
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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21
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Swami V, Todd J, Robinson C, Furnham A. Self-compassion mediates the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and body image disturbance: Evidence from the United Kingdom under lockdown. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 183:111130. [PMID: 34931100 PMCID: PMC8675061 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and attendant lockdown mandates may have detrimental effects on body image outcomes, which in turn highlights the importance of identifying protective factors. Here, we examined associations between COVID-19-related stress and body image disturbance, as well as the potential mediating and moderating role of self-compassion. During the third lockdown in the United Kingdom, we asked an online sample of adults (N = 600) to complete measures of COVID-19-related stress, body image disturbance, and self-compassion. Mediation analysis showed that higher COVID-19-related stress was significantly associated with greater body image disturbance, and that this relationship was mediated by self-compassion. In contrast, self-compassion did not significantly moderate the effects of stress on body image disturbance. These results suggest that promoting greater self-compassion may be a viable means of mitigating adverse outcomes from the COVID-19 pandemic on body image disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Wilkialis L, Rodrigues NB, Cha DS, Siegel A, Majeed A, Lui LMW, Tamura JK, Gill B, Teopiz K, McIntyre RS. Social Isolation, Loneliness and Generalized Anxiety: Implications and Associations during the COVID-19 Quarantine. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1620. [PMID: 34942920 PMCID: PMC8699379 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a predominantly global quarantine response that has been associated with social isolation, loneliness, and anxiety. The foregoing experiences have been amply documented to have profound impacts on health, morbidity, and mortality. This narrative review uses the extant neurobiological and theoretical literature to explore the association between social isolation, loneliness, and anxiety in the context of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that distinct health issues (e.g., a sedentary lifestyle, a diminished overall sense of well-being) are associated with social isolation and loneliness. The health implications of social isolation and loneliness during quarantine have a heterogenous and comorbid nature and, as a result, form a link to anxiety. The limbic system plays a role in fear and anxiety response; the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, HPA axis, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, insula, and locus coeruleus have an impact in a prolonged anxious state. In the conclusion, possible solutions are considered and remarks are made on future areas of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Wilkialis
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Nelson B. Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Danielle S. Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Ashley Siegel
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Leanna M. W. Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Jocelyn K. Tamura
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Kayla Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
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23
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Monteleone AM, Cascino G, Marciello F, Abbate-Daga G, Baiano M, Balestrieri M, Barone E, Bertelli S, Carpiniello B, Castellini G, Corrivetti G, De Giorgi S, Favaro A, Gramaglia C, Marzola E, Meneguzzo P, Monaco F, Oriani MG, Pinna F, Rania M, Redaelli CA, Renna C, Ricca V, Salvo P, Baldissera E, Segura-Garcia C, Todisco P, Volpe U, Zeppegno P, Monteleone P. Risk and resilience factors for specific and general psychopathology worsening in people with Eating Disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective Italian multicentre study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2443-2452. [PMID: 33426630 PMCID: PMC7797193 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions had negative impact on the psychopathology of people with Eating Disorders (EDs). Factors involved in the vulnerability to stressful events have been under-investigated in this population. We aimed to assess which factors contributed to COVID-19-induced worsening in both general and specific psychopathology. METHODS Three-hundred and twelve people with a clinically defined diagnosis of an ED and undergoing a specialist ED treatment in different Italian ED services before the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic filled in an online survey. ED specific and general psychopathology changes after COVID-19 quarantine were retrospectively evaluated. Factors related to COVID-19 concerns (financial condition, fear of contagion, perceived social isolation/support, satisfaction in peer, family or sentimental relationships), illness duration and treatment-related variables (type of treatment provided, type of access to care, satisfaction with therapeutic relationships) were included as predicting factors in a structural equational model, which included latent variables consisting of general and ED psychopathology items as outcomes. RESULTS A perceived low quality of therapeutic relationships, fear of contagion and increased isolation were positively associated with psychopathology worsening. Reduced satisfaction with family and with friends' relationships and reduced perceived social support were associated with ED and general symptoms deterioration, respectively. No significant effect emerged for intimate relationships, illness duration, economic condition and type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of clinical variables associated with psychopathological changes during the COVID-19 lockdown period highlighting potential risk and resilience factors and, possibly, informing treatment as well as prevention strategies for EDs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maria Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Baiano
- Centro Unico Disturbi Comportamento Alimentare, ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Eugenia Barone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Bertelli
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Serafino De Giorgi
- Center for the Treatment and Research on Eating Disorders, Mental Health Department, ASL Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Marzola
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Renna
- Center for the Treatment and Research on Eating Disorders, Mental Health Department, ASL Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Salvo
- Eating Disorders Centre Portogruaro, AULSS 4 Veneto Orientale, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika Baldissera
- Eating Disorders Centre Portogruaro, AULSS 4 Veneto Orientale, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Todisco
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Section of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Institute, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Abstract
Como motivação pró-social, a compaixão tende a promover maior envolvimento em mentalidades de cuidado e ações de senso coletivo, capacidades prejudicadas pelos medos da compaixão. O estudo objetivou investigar o papel dos medos da compaixão em fatores envolvidos no engajamento às medidas de distanciamento social. 284 adultos (idade média = 36,47) responderam as Escalas de Medos da Compaixão, Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional e um questionário sobre engajamento aos protocolos contra a COVID-19. Um modelo de path analysis explicou 32% da variância na adesão aos protocolos por duas vias: o medo de ser compassivo por outros diminui o engajamento por motivações pró-sociais; enquanto os medos de expressar compaixão por si e outros predizem maiores dificuldades de regulação emocional, diminuindo a aderência por exaustão emocional. Oportunizar o desenvolvimento da compaixão pode contribuir para um enfrentamento mais saudável às dificuldades emocionais suscitadas pela pandemia e no envolvimento em ações coletivas.
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25
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Xie X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Socioeconomic Status and COVID-19-Related Psychological Panic in China: The Role of Trust in Government and Authoritarian Personality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10888. [PMID: 34682633 PMCID: PMC8535330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the health and economic risks of COVID-19 may differ for higher- and lower-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations, some studies found that people with lower SES do not necessarily experience more psychological panic. In this research, we examine how SES is related with psychological panic during the COVID-19 pandemic using a large nationwide Chinese sample. Participants were 933 adults (mean age = 30.04, SD = 8.19) who completed an online questionnaire between 11 and 12 February 2020. Lower SES individuals have higher trust in government and thus experience less psychological panic, and the indirect effect of this trust suppresses the direct negative association between SES and psychological panic. In addition to this difference in trust in government between lower- and higher-status individuals, the indirect effect of the trust only exists among people with low (not high) authoritarian personalities. This study provides evidence that political trust may serve as a buffer, suppressing the negative association between SES and psychological panic; thus, policies and actions enhancing political trust are vital to support the mental health of individuals with lower SES during the pandemic, especially for citizens with low authoritarian personalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongyu Guo
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China; (X.X.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.)
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26
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Korn L, Siegers R, Eitze S, Sprengholz P, Taubert F, Böhm R, Betsch C. Age Differences in COVID-19 Preventive Behavior. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Age is a critical risk factor for severe COVID-19. This is mirrored by older people showing preventive health behaviors more frequently. However, collective action across all age groups is necessary to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study assessed whether age differences are moderated by policy changes and whether policies further moderate the relationship between psychological determinants of behavior (risk perceptions and trust), age, and preventive behaviors. Risk perceptions, trust in institutions, self-reported frequency of preventive behaviors (mask-wearing, avoiding social gatherings), and demographics (e.g., age) were collected within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO), a German serial cross-sectional survey. A total of 19,069 participants across 20 measurement points were included (online sample, quota-representative for Age × Gender and federal state in Germany; mid-April to the end of November 2020). Regression analyses showed that age differences in avoiding social gatherings and mask-wearing remained stable under different health policies but were further moderated by psychological variables. The introduction of stricter policies alone was not related to higher adoption rates of preventive behaviors, but it mitigated the effects of age and risk perceptions. Moreover, under mandatory policies, the correlation between trust in institutions and behaviors was amplified. The present research made a strong case for quality, targeted health, and risk communication. Without mandatory policies, the importance of preventive behaviors must be well understood to achieve high adherence – especially in young people who are threatened by the disease less directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Korn
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Regina Siegers
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Eitze
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Sprengholz
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Frederike Taubert
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychology and Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Media and Communication Science and Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, University of Erfurt, Germany
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27
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Martinsen ØL, Furnham A, Grover S, Arnulf JK, Horne G. Dark- and bright-side reactions to government advice about Covid-19, and a test of a method to moderate such reactions. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 181:111016. [PMID: 36540626 PMCID: PMC9756892 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study how individual differences in personality shape reactions to authorities' health advice during the COVID-19 pandemic and how such reactions can be modified. Three studies, with between 249 and 407 participants, investigated this. Study 1 used a longitudinal design, and included measures of personality (NEO-FFI3, SCATI), political orientation, age and gender as predictors of reactions toward COVID-19 advice and regulations. Studies 2 and 3 were randomised experiments testing effects of principles for behaviour modification on such reactions. In study 1, we found that being female, older, or having liberal political views, as well as neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness in the higher ranges, were associated with constructive reactions. Externalising personality disorders were related to opposite reactions. In study 2, we found that the experimental instructions had a significant positive impact on such reactions. These results were replicated in study 3. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Abstract
Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupić
- Department of Psychology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nese Caki
- Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
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29
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Zuo B, Yang K, Yao Y, Han S, Nie S, Wen F. The relationship of perceived social support to feelings of hopelessness under COVID-19 pandemic: The effects of epidemic risk and meaning in life. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 183:111110. [PMID: 34511679 PMCID: PMC8416552 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown orders were issued on January 23, 2020 in Wuhan, China, for the purpose of preventing and controlling COVID-19, which led to severe psychological problems for residents. The present study aimed to investigate the recovery model of hopelessness through interpersonal pathways during the COVID-19 epidemic. An online survey was conducted in 34 provinces (those in autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. This survey investigated residents' hopelessness and the impact of three factors on it, including their perceived social support, meaning in life, and epidemic risk levels. Results showed that both perceived social support and meaning in life negatively predicted hopelessness, while meaning in life played a partial mediating role between perceived social support and hopelessness. Further, epidemic risk level played a moderating role between perceived social support and meaning in life, indicating a “marginal zone effect.” Specifically, when comparing other province, perceived social support showed a stronger positive relationship with meaning in life among residents living in other regions of Hubei province. In sum, this study extends the recovery model of hopelessness through interpersonal pathways, and has important implications for public health emergency management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi Yao
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi Han
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Siyuan Nie
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fangfang Wen
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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30
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Exploring Predictors of Social Distancing Compliance in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e32. [PMID: 34369342 PMCID: PMC8523977 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through the application of the Health Belief Model, this study sought to explore how relationships between perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits of social distancing recommendations, as well as psychological factors, may impact compliance with COVID-19 social distancing recommendations in the United States. METHODS Between October and November 2020, a convenience sample of English-speaking adults in the United States completed an online, cross-sectional survey which included items assessing beliefs around threats (e.g., perceived susceptibility and severity), response efficacy (e.g., perceived benefits), psychological factors (e.g., stress and COVID-specific anxiety), and compliance with social distancing measures (e.g., avoiding social gatherings). RESULTS Social distancing compliance was positively associated with perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 (b = 0.42, P < 0.05) and perceived benefits of social distancing recommendations (b = 0.81, P < 0.01). No significant associations were found between perceived severity of COVID-19 (P = 0.38), general stress (P = 0.28), COVID-19-related anxiety (P = 0.12), and compliance. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and perceived benefits of social distancing measures significantly increased compliance with social distancing recommendations in this convenience sample of U.S. adults.
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31
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Yuen KF, Leong JZE, Wong YD, Wang X. Panic buying during COVID-19: Survival psychology and needs perspectives in deprived environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 62:102421. [PMID: 36568695 PMCID: PMC9766974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Panic buying (PB), a typical consumer behaviour induced by crisis, was observed worldwide in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on Survival Psychology and Maslow's motivation theories, this study introduced a theoretical model to establish the factors affecting consumers' PB and investigate their interrelationships. An online survey was designed and administered to 508 respondents in Singapore. Then, structural equation modelling was implemented to study the survey data. The results indicated that the effects of several constructs namely, normative social influence, observational learning, perceived severity, and perceived scarcity, with mediation by control, impose significant influence on consumers' PB. Analysis of total effects showed that normative social influence has the strongest effect on PB. This is followed by perceived scarcity, control, social trust, observational learning, and perceived severity. Two diverse research paradigms centring on Survival Psychology and Maslow's motivation theories were integrated to offer a logical explanation of the motivation driving PB. By utilising a theory-driven approach, the current study has offered a unique approach to interpreting consumers' PB. Overall, this study enhances current research on consumers' PB, offers new insights into understanding the motivating factors behind consumers' PB, and implicates policies on tackling hoarding situations in the event of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum Fai Yuen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joey Zu Er Leong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yiik Diew Wong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of International Logistics, Chung-Ang University, South Korea
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Ceccato I, Palumbo R, Di Crosta A, La Malva P, Marchetti D, Maiella R, Verrocchio MC, Marin A, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Age-related differences in the perception of COVID-19 emergency during the Italian outbreak. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1305-1313. [PMID: 33291987 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1856781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Older adults have been identified as a high-risk population for COVID-19, therefore it is crucial to understand how they perceived and reacted to the emergency. We examined age-related differences in emotions, cognitive attitudes, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, we expected to find a positive approach in older adults, which may translate into lower compliance with restrictive measures.Methods: We analyzed data (n = 306) from a nation-wide online survey conducted between April 1st and April 16th, 2020. We compared young (18-29 years), middle-aged (30-50 years), and older (65-85 years) adults' self-reported emotions, attitudes toward the emergency, and compliance with governmental rules.Results: Older adults showed lower negative emotions than young and middle-aged adults. Also, older adults were more confident about COVID-related information received, more favorable toward the restrictive measures, and perceived lower underestimation of the emergency compared to the other age groups. However, older people anticipated a longer time for the emergency to resolve. No age-related differences in compliance with the rules emerged.Conclusion: Older people showed a positive attitude toward the emergency. This attitude was confined in the here and now and did not extend to expectations for the future. Compliance with rules was high across our sample. However, less compliant individuals were also less confident in COVID-related information received by the media and official sources, suggesting the importance of providing precise and reliable information to promote adherence to restrictive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Maiella
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Marin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological Science, Humanities and Territory, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Anderson E, Brigden A, Davies A, Shepherd E, Ingram J. Pregnant women's experiences of social distancing behavioural guidelines during the Covid-19 pandemic 'lockdown' in the UK, a qualitative interview study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1202. [PMID: 34162358 PMCID: PMC8221098 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 triggered the rapid roll-out of mass social distancing behavioural measures for infection control. Pregnant women were categorised as 'at risk' requiring extra vigilance with behavioural guidelines. Their understanding and ability to adhere to recommendations was unknown. OBJECTIVES To complete a behavioural analysis of the determinants of recommended social distancing behaviour in pregnant women, according to the 'capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour' ('COM-B') model to inform the development of recommendations/materials to support pregnant women in understanding and adhering to behavioural guidelines. DESIGN Qualitative interview study with pregnant women in the Bristol area (UK). METHODS Semi-structured telephone/videoconference interviews were conducted following a topic guide informed by the COM-B model, transcribed verbatim and subjected to framework analysis. Infographic materials were iteratively produced with stakeholder consultation, to support pregnant women. RESULTS Thirty-one women participated (selected for demographic range). Women reported adhering to social distancing recommendations and intended to continue. COM-B analysis identified gaps in understanding around risk, vulnerability, and the extent of required social distancing, as well as facilitators of social distancing behaviour (e.g. social support, motivation to stay safe, home environment/resources). Additional themes around detrimental mental health effects and changes to maternity healthcare from the social distancing measures were identified. Infographic resources (plus midwife report) addressing women's key concerns were produced and disseminated. CONCLUSIONS The COM-B model provided useful details of determinants of pregnant women's adherence to social distancing behaviours. The confusion of what being 'at risk' meant and varying interpretation of what was expected indicates a need for greater clarity around categories and guidance. The loss of maternity care and negative mental health effects of social distancing suggest a growing area of unmet health needs to be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Anderson
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
| | - Amberly Brigden
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Anna Davies
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Emily Shepherd
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Jenny Ingram
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
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Liao HP, Pan XF, Yin XQ, Liu YF, Li JY, Wang JL. Decreased COVID-related adaptive behavior and increased negative affect: A multivariate latent growth curve model. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2115-2128. [PMID: 34142597 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211021651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from a longitudinal questionnaire investigation of three time waves were used to investigate affective and behavioral changes and their covariant relationship among Chinese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to May 2020. 145 participants aging from 15 to 63 completed three waves of survey. Latent growth curve analyses found that negative affect gradually increased as the pandemic continued. A faster increase in negative affect was related to a greater decrease in adaptive behavior and faster increase in non-adaptive behavior. A higher initial level of negative affect was related to a slower increase in non-adaptive behavior.
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Taylor AM, Page D, Okely JA, Corley J, Welstead M, Skarabela B, Redmond P, Russ TC, Cox SR. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health, and lifestyle in Scottish octogenarians: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253153. [PMID: 34138930 PMCID: PMC8211159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about effects of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health and lifestyle in older adults, particularly those aged over 80 years, despite the risks posed by COVID-19 to this age group. METHODS Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 members, residing mostly in Edinburgh and the surrounding Lothians regions in Scotland, mean age 84 years (SD = 0.3), responded to an online questionnaire in May 2020 (n = 190). We examined responses (experience and knowledge of COVID-19; adherence to guidance; impact on day-to-day living; social contact; self-reported physical and mental health; loneliness; and lifestyle) and relationships between previously-measured characteristics and questionnaire outcomes. RESULTS Four respondents experienced COVID-19; most had good COVID-19 knowledge (94.7%) and found guidance easy to understand (86.3%). There were modest declines in self-reported physical and mental health, and 48.2% did less physical activity. In multivariable regression models, adherence to guidance by leaving the house less often associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.51-0.98) and poorer self-rated general health (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.42-0.92). Increased internet use associated with female sex (OR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.12-4.86) and higher general cognitive ability (OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.03-2.33). Loneliness associated with living alone (OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.07-0.31) and greater anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.76, 95%CI 0.45-1.24). COVID-19 related stress associated with lower emotional stability scores (OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.24-0.62). Decreased physical activity associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04-1.96), and lower general cognitive ability (OR = 0.679, 95%CI 0.491-0.931). CONCLUSIONS Characteristics including cognitive function, occupational class, self-rated health, anxiety, and emotional stability, may be related to risk of poorer lockdown-related psychosocial and physical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbora Skarabela
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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The pathogen paradox: Evidence that perceived COVID-19 threat is associated with both pro- and anti-immigrant attitudes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Michinov E, Michinov N. Stay at home! When personality profiles influence mental health and creativity during the COVID-19 lockdown. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:5650-5661. [PMID: 34092985 PMCID: PMC8163587 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With the COVID-19 outbreak, the population was suddenly forced to "stay at home". Although research suggests that social isolation affects health and wellbeing, reactions may vary depending on individuals. The current study assessed the relationships between personality variables (preference for solitude and Big Five personality), mental health (anxiety, stress, loneliness), and creativity, and tried to determine whether the identified personality profiles affect individuals' mental health and creativity. French respondents (N = 430) filled in an online questionnaire during the first lockdown in Spring 2020. The results showed that the preference for solitude and personality variables of the Big Five predicted individuals' mental health and creativity. Moreover, a cluster analysis revealed three profiles of individuals: "Affiliation", "Emotionally Stable Lonely" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely". Results showed that individuals with "Affiliation" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely" profiles expressed higher stress and anxiety, and the latter performed better on a divergent creative thinking task. By contrast, those with an "Emotionally Stable Lonely" profile expressed a lower level of loneliness, and performed better on a creative insight task. These findings reveal the importance of personality profiles in psychological reactions during lockdowns. With this knowledge, health professionals could develop appropriate interventions to accompany high-risk individuals in situations of social isolation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01885-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Michinov
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior and Communication (LP3C), Department of Psychology, Univ Rennes, Place du Recteur Henri le Moal, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Michinov
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior and Communication (LP3C), Department of Psychology, Univ Rennes, Place du Recteur Henri le Moal, Rennes, France
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Berni I, Menouni A, Zegzouti YF, Kestemont MP, Godderis L, El Jaafari S. MAROCOVID: Snapshot Monitoring of Knowledge and Perceptions of Safety Behaviors during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Morocco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115745. [PMID: 34071889 PMCID: PMC8198599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted changes in behaviors among the general Moroccan population, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 30 March and 20 April involving a total of 14,157 participants. The statistical analysis of the data included univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Our results suggest that less than ten days after the Moroccan government announced "Health state of Emergency" response to the COVID-19 outbreak, public knowledge, attitude and responses to the pandemic were relatively high. More than half the respondents (63.2%) reported that they complied with more than five of nine recommended safety measures, including avoiding going out (93.2%), and frequent handwashing with soap and water (78.2%). Factors associated with an increased likelihood to adopt safety measures included perceptions that COVID-19 was a human health risk, the pandemic will continue for a long time, availability of clear information, and a lack of medicine. The largest predictor of safety behavior change was age; participants older than 55 were more likely to adopt recommended safety behaviors. Although knowledge and perception among the general public was reasonable, more encouragement from government via health education programs is needed to maintain appropriate behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Berni
- Cluster of Competency “Health and Environment”, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (Y.F.Z.); (S.E.J.)
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Aziza Menouni
- Cluster of Competency “Health and Environment”, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (Y.F.Z.); (S.E.J.)
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Younes Filali Zegzouti
- Cluster of Competency “Health and Environment”, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (Y.F.Z.); (S.E.J.)
| | - Marie-Paule Kestemont
- Institute for the Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- Cluster of Competency “Health and Environment”, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (Y.F.Z.); (S.E.J.)
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Üngür G, Karagözoğlu C. Do personality traits have an impact on anxiety levels of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic? CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:246-257. [PMID: 38013962 PMCID: PMC10658853 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sports world is one of the sectors most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Athletes from specific sport disciplines have experienced the new situation in different ways. Therefore, understanding their individual experiences and psychological responses may help to design better intervention programs. Accordingly, this study investigated the relationship between athletes' personality traits and anxiety in the light of their individual experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The COVID-19 impact questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-35, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 321 male and 168 female athletes in Turkey from various sport disciplines. At the time of data collection, training and competitions had been canceled in all sports for two months. RESULTS Most athletes (70.7%) were worried about being infected with SARS-CoV-2 if competitions were to restart soon. The regression analyses revealed that emotional stability, extroversion, and age were negative predictors of state anxiety; emotional stability, extroversion, and conscientiousness were negative predictors of trait anxiety; agreeableness was a positive predictor of state anxiety. Athletes who perceived that their relationships with family or close friends worsened during home confinement (17.2%) had significantly higher state anxiety and trait anxiety scores than those who perceived a positive relationship change (28%) or no relationship change (54.8%). The agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability scores of athletes who perceived a negative relationship change with family or close friends were also significantly lower than for athletes who perceived no change or a positive change. CONCLUSIONS Overall, personality traits affected athletes' anxiety levels and their relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Üngür
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Frías-Armenta M, Corral-Frías NS, Corral-Verdugo V, Lucas MY. Psychological Predictors of Precautionary Behaviors in Response to COVID-19: A Structural Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:559289. [PMID: 33995161 PMCID: PMC8113395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.559289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The first lines of defense during an epidemic are behavioral interventions, including stay-at-home measures or precautionary health training, aimed at reducing contact and disease transmission. Examining the psychosocial variables that may lead to greater adoption of such precautionary behaviors is critical. The present study examines predictors of precautionary practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 709 Mexican participants from 24 states. The study was conducted via online questionnaire between the end of March and the beginning of April 2020, when the pandemic response was in its initial stages in Mexico. The instrument included demographic items, as well as scales assessing COVID-19-resembling symptoms, empathy, impulsivity, anhedonic depression, general health practices, alcohol consumption, and COVID-19-associated precautionary behaviors. Most participants reported adopting limited social distancing or other precautionary behaviors against COVID-19. The results of a structural equation model demonstrated that the presence of COVID-19 symptoms was related to impulsivity and general health behaviors. However, no direct association between precautionary behaviors and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms was found. In turn, precautionary behaviors were more prevalent among participants who reported higher empathy and general health behaviors and were inhibited indirectly by impulsivity via alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the model suggests that anhedonic depression symptoms have a negative indirect effect on precautionary behaviors via general health behaviors. Finally, impulsivity showed a negative direct effect on general health behavior. These results highlight the role that general physical health and mental health play on precautionary behavior and the critical importance of addressing issues such as depression, general health behaviors, and impulsivity in promoting safe actions and the protection of self and others.
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Fu P, Jing B, Chen T, Xu C, Yang J, Cong G. Propagation Model of Panic Buying Under the Sudden Epidemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:675687. [PMID: 33968890 PMCID: PMC8100230 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.675687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 has had a huge impact on people's lives all over the world, and the overwhelmingly negative information about the epidemic has made people panic for the future. This kind of panic spreads and develops through online social networks, and further spreads to the offline environment, which triggers panic buying behavior and has a serious impact on social stability. In order to quantitatively study this behavior, a two-layer propagation model of panic buying behavior under the sudden epidemic is constructed. The model first analyzes the formation process of individual panic from a micro perspective, and then combines the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Model to simulate the spread of group behavior. Then, through simulation experiments, the main factors affecting the spread of panic buying behavior are discussed. The experimental results show that: (1) the dissipating speed of individual panics is related to the number of interactions and there is a threshold. When the number of individuals involved in interacting is equal to this threshold, the panic of the group dissipates the fastest, while the dissipation speed is slower when it is far from the threshold; (2) The reasonable external information release time will affect the occurrence of the second panic buying, meaning providing information about the availability of supplies when an escalation of epidemic is announced will help prevent a second panic buying. In addition, when the first panic buying is about to end, if the scale of the second panic buying is to be suppressed, it is better to release positive information after the end of the first panic buying, rather than ahead of the end; and (3) Higher conformity among people escalates panic, resulting in panic buying. Finally, two cases are used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Fu
- School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bailu Jing
- School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tinggui Chen
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chonghuan Xu
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chonghuan Xu
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Georgia, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Guodong Cong
- School of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Krupić D, Žuro B, Krupić D. Big Five traits, approach-avoidance motivation, concerns and adherence with COVID-19 prevention guidelines during the peak of pandemic in Croatia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 179:110913. [PMID: 33850340 PMCID: PMC8031466 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Without the vaccine, the only way to prevent the spread of coronavirus is following Covid-19 preventive guidelines such as keeping social distance, wearing masks and gloves, reducing mobility, etc. Success depends on how many individuals strictly follow the suggestions from epidemiologists. In this study, we examined who and why is adhering to the guidelines. A community sample of 500 participants fulfilled a short Big Five Inventory (BFI), Questionnaire of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (QAAM), and two scales constructed according to the Covid-19 epidemiological guidelines in Croatia. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicate that agreeable and conscientious individuals are complying more with preventive measures. In addition, approach, not avoidance, motivation appears to be more important in following the guidelines. Results are discussed in terms of framing messages to explain goals that might be reached by compliant behaviour rather than emphasising the negative consequences of the pandemic. Emphasising negative consequences seems to produce negative emotional states with no beneficial changes on the behavioural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Krupić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Žuro
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia.,Peter McVerry Trust, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dajana Krupić
- Centre for Psychological Counselling and Research Norvel, Croatia
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Kunzler AM, Röthke N, Günthner L, Stoffers-Winterling J, Tüscher O, Coenen M, Rehfuess E, Schwarzer G, Binder H, Schmucker C, Meerpohl JJ, Lieb K. Mental burden and its risk and protective factors during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analyses. Global Health 2021; 17:34. [PMID: 33781283 PMCID: PMC8006628 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental burden due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been widely reported for the general public and specific risk groups like healthcare workers and different patient populations. We aimed to assess its impact on mental health during the early phase by comparing pandemic with prepandemic data and to identify potential risk and protective factors. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analyses, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from January 1, 2019 to May 29, 2020, and screened reference lists of included studies. In addition, we searched PubMed and PsycINFO for prepandemic comparative data. Survey studies assessing mental burden by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the general population, healthcare workers, or any patients (eg, COVID-19 patients), with a broad range of eligible mental health outcomes, and matching studies evaluating prepandemic comparative data in the same population (if available) were included. We used multilevel meta-analyses for main, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses, focusing on (perceived) stress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sleep-related symptoms as primary outcomes. RESULTS Of 2429 records retrieved, 104 were included in the review (n = 208,261 participants), 43 in the meta-analysis (n = 71,613 participants). While symptoms of anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.40; 95% CI 0.15-0.65) and depression (SMD 0.67; 95% CI 0.07-1.27) were increased in the general population during the early phase of the pandemic compared with prepandemic conditions, mental burden was not increased in patients as well as healthcare workers, irrespective of COVID-19 patient contact. Specific outcome measures (eg, Patient Health Questionnaire) and older comparative data (published ≥5 years ago) were associated with increased mental burden. Across the three population groups, existing mental disorders, female sex, and concerns about getting infected were repeatedly reported as risk factors, while older age, a good economic situation, and education were protective. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis paints a more differentiated picture of the mental health consequences in pandemic situations than previous reviews. High-quality, representative surveys, high granular longitudinal studies, and more research on protective factors are required to better understand the psychological impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to help design effective preventive measures and interventions that are tailored to the needs of specific population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Kunzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Röthke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Günthner
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Jutta Stoffers-Winterling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schmucker
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
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Big Five traits as predictors of perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 175:110694. [PMID: 33531723 PMCID: PMC7843115 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of individual differences and changes in the perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between early April 2020 and early September 2020. This timeframe includes the first national “lockdown,” the period of “easing” of restrictions, and the summer vacation period. Data were collected from n = 588 full-time employees, who provided baseline data on their personality traits in early December 2019, and then later provided data on perceived stressfulness of the COVID-19 pandemic at five time points, spanning six months. Consistent with expectations based on event and transition theories, results showed that, on average, perceived stressfulness declined between early April 2020 and early September 2020. Moreover, this effect was stronger between early April 2020 and early July 2020. Hypotheses based on the differential reactivity model of personality and stress were partially supported. Emotional stability was associated with lower, and extraversion associated with higher, average levels of perceived stressfulness. Finally, extraversion was associated with increases (i.e., positive trajectories) in perceived stressfulness between early April 2020 and early July 2020 and decreases (i.e., negative trajectories) in perceived stressfulness between early July 2020 and early September 2020.
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Volk AA, Brazil KJ, Franklin-Luther P, Dane AV, Vaillancourt T. The influence of demographics and personality on COVID-19 coping in young adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 168:110398. [PMID: 32952250 PMCID: PMC7492069 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on human behavior and well-being. Demographic factors and personality traits have been shown to independently influence whether individuals adopt adaptive or maladaptive coping responses. However, to date, researchers have not considered how demographics and personality could interact to influence COVID-19 coping responses. In a sample of 516 North American young adults, we found direct links from two demographic factors (i.e., income and having children) and from multiple personality traits (as captured by the HEXACO model) to adaptive and maladaptive COVID-19 coping responses. We also found that personality indirectly linked a broader range of demographic factors (income, age, gender, having children) with COVID-19 coping responses. We encourage future research on COVID-19 coping responses to consider not just the individual contributions of demographics and personality, but their interdependent influence on whether individuals adopt more or less adaptive COVID-19 pandemic coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kristopher J Brazil
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Andrew V Dane
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), herbal, and other treatments and preventive uses for COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19 ) 2021. [PMCID: PMC8237643 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85780-2.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and has challenged fragile health care systems, vulnerable socioeconomic conditions, and population risk factors, and has led to an overwhelming tendency to misuse prescription drugs and self-medication with prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbals products, and unproven chemicals as a desperate preventive or curative measure for COVID-19. In this chapter, we present the legislative differences between prescription drugs, OTC drugs, and herbals. Various approved and nonapproved prescription and OTC drugs as symptomatic treatment for COVID-19 are listed and evaluated based on their reported efficacy, safety, and toxicological profile. We also present the various herbal products that are currently studied and used as treatment and preventive for COVID-19. The efficacy, toxicology profile, safety, and legal issues of some speculative preventive and treatment options against COVID-19, such as Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS), chlorine dioxide solution (CDS), colloidal silver, and hydrogen peroxide is presented. The chapter also emphasizes the specific strategies that need to be implemented to guide the population in the effective and safe use of prescribed medications, such as the Medication Therapy Management or Pharmaceutical Care process. Finally, this chapter aims to provide a deeper insight into the lack of health literacy in the population and the effect that drug utilization research (DUR) has in the decision making of health authorities and general public. We aim to provide the current information about the various treatment and preventive options used for COVID-19.
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Murphy M, Moret-Tatay C. Personality and Attitudes Confronting Death Awareness During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy and Spain. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:627018. [PMID: 33613343 PMCID: PMC7889599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.627018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy and Spain are two representative examples on strict lockdown last March 2020, also suffering a high rate of mortality in Europe. The aim of this study is to examine their attitudes confronting death awareness during the Covid-19 outbreak. Moreover, Personality was also considered. Different sociodemographic, in situ questions related to attitudes and the brief Big Five of Personality were employed in a cross-sectional design. The main results suggested that Personality traits were stable across countries. A relationship was found between Fear to contagious diseases and Neuroticism and other attitudes during the Covid-19 outbreak, and two different clusters were identified with regards to attitudes, however these did not differ on Personality. Finally, a Cluster group, Neuroticism, Age and Sense of belonging to the Country did predict Fear to contagious diseases. Of note, no differences were found across countries during grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Il Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Bacon AM, Corr PJ. Behavioral Immune System Responses to Coronavirus: A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explanation of Conformity, Warmth Toward Others and Attitudes Toward Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566237. [PMID: 33324279 PMCID: PMC7725687 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral immune system (BIS) describes psychological mechanisms that detect cues to infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, trigger disease-relevant responses and facilitate behavioral avoidance/escape. BIS activation elicits a perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) which can result in conformity with social norms. However, a response to superficial cues can result in aversive responses to people that pose no actual threat, leading to an aversion to unfamiliar others, and likelihood of prejudice. Pathogen-neutralizing behaviors, therefore, have implications for social interaction as well as illness behaviors and responses to health communications. In this study, we investigate how PVD influences conformity, attitudes to other people and to lockdown regulations through the lens of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST describes personality in terms of biologically-driven approach and avoidance motivations which support personal goals. Participants from the United Kingdom public (N = 605) completed an RST personality questionnaire and then read either (a) coronavirus morbidity-mortality statistics and current United Kingdom government lifestyle regulations, (b) just the regulations (as presented in most government publicity materials), or (c) no information at all. They all completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale to assess BIS-relevant Germ Aversion and Perceived Infectability, followed by questions measuring social conformity, warmth toward others and attitudes toward lockdown measures. Significantly lower PVD scores were observed in the no-information condition, with the other conditions showing no difference. In terms of RST, approach behaviors related to goal-drive persistence work alongside fear in explaining conformity to social norms. Reward related approach behaviors partially explained warmth toward others, indicating that social rewards gained through interaction continue to be strong drivers of behavior. We found no role for RST traits in attitudes toward lockdown. Overall, coronavirus-related behavior is not driven purely by fear, but also by social and/or protection goals regulated by approach motivation. This study presents new insights into public perceptions of coronavirus and government regulated lifestyle restrictions, helping to explain social behaviors in terms of biologically driven mechanisms. Such understanding is vital if we are to successfully motivate public behavior to constrain spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Branovački B, Sadiković S, Smederevac S, Mitrović D, Pajić D. A person-centered approach in studying coronavirus pandemic response: The role of HEXACO-PI-R and PANAS dimensions. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 171:110536. [PMID: 33223589 PMCID: PMC7670908 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to explore reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship with personality traits using a person-centered approach. Sample of 471 Serbian citizens was collected during the first 7 weeks of the pandemic. Cluster analysis revealed three clusters based on reactions to the pandemic: Adapted, Antagonized, and Passive. Adaptive type is characterized by stable emotional reactions and adherence to behavioral guidelines. Antagonized cluster is characterized by lowered adherence to behavioral guidelines, while Passive cluster is characterized by increased fear and boredom. Clusters differed significantly on HEXACO and PANAS traits. Similarity of obtained clusters with prototypes that commonly emerge using personality traits for classification, stresses the importance of basic individual differences in pandemic-induced behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Branovački
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Dr. Zoran Djindjic 2, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Selka Sadiković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Dr. Zoran Djindjic 2, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Smederevac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Dr. Zoran Djindjic 2, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Mitrović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Dr. Zoran Djindjic 2, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pajić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Dr. Zoran Djindjic 2, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Muñoz-Moreno R, Chaves-Montero A, Morilla-Luchena A, Vázquez-Aguado O. COVID-19 and social services in Spain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241538. [PMID: 33206665 PMCID: PMC7725485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the state of alarm declared in Spain by COVID-19 due to the pandemic, the country's authorities declared Social Services and their workers to be essential, considering that the activity of these professionals with the vulnerable population was crucial and that services should continue to be provided to guarantee the well-being of users in this exceptionally serious situation. This article analyzes the impact that the COVID-19 and the state of alarm has had on Spanish social service professionals. An ad hoc questionnaire was used, administered on-line, individually, voluntarily and anonymously to 560 professionals working in social services, both in the public and private sectors, based throughout Spain. This questionnaire has five different parts: socio-demographic profiling, impact that the health crisis has had on the practice of professional functions, degree of knowledge of the measures imposed to guarantee the protection and safety of professionals and users, impact that it has had on the professional and personal development of social services professionals and, the fifth and last part, degree of adaptation of the measures aimed at the care of the vulnerable population. These results are discussed based on the situation in which professionals working in this sector find themselves in the face of the changes they are experiencing in the development of their work, and we are able to determine the profile of the workers who have felt most affected by the situation, with the consequent and foreseeable mental and emotional affectation that this implies. These professionals tend to value more negatively the set of measures developed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on Spanish social services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Muñoz-Moreno
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health,
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Chaves-Montero
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health,
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Aleix Morilla-Luchena
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health,
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Octavio Vázquez-Aguado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health,
University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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