1
|
Miura Y, Motoshima T, Anami T, Yano H, Mito R, Pan C, Urakami S, Kinowaki K, Tsukamoto H, Kurahashi R, Murakami Y, Yatsuda J, Fujiwara Y, Kamba T, Komohara Y. Predictive value of CXCL10 for the occurrence of immune-related adverse events in patient with renal cell carcinoma. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:345-354. [PMID: 36975091 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently improved the prognosis of various cancers. By contrast, some immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by ICIs are fatal and have become problematic. The pathogenesis of irAEs remains unknown and must be elucidated to establish biomarkers. This study investigated plasma cytokine, chemokine, and anti-CD74 autoantibody levels in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and analyzed their association with irAEs. In a discovery cohort of 13 patients, plasma levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 1, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, MCP-1, and TNFα were measured at baseline and post-dose 1. Only CXCL10, at post-dose 1 but not at baseline, was significantly associated with grade 2 or higher irAEs (P = 0.0413). Plasma CXCL10 levels were then measured at baseline and post-dose 1 in an extended cohort of 43 patients with RCC who received ICI-based treatment. Higher plasma CXCL10 levels both at baseline and post-dose1 were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade 2 or higher irAEs (P = 0.0246 and 0.0137, respectively). Plasma CXCL13 levels, which we measured in a previous study, were significantly higher in patients with grade 2 or higher irAEs at baseline but not at post-dose 1 (P = 0.0037 and 0.052, respectively). No significant association between plasma anti-CD74 autoantibody level and both irAE pneumonitis and any grade 2 or higher irAE was observed. In conclusion, plasma CXCL10 is significantly associated with the occurrence of irAEs in patients with RCC treated with ICIs. CXCL10 is a potential predictive and on-treatment biomarker for irAEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miura
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Motoshima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Anami
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Remi Mito
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kurahashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoji Murakami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Yatsuda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kruk L, Mamtimin M, Braun A, Anders HJ, Andrassy J, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Inflammatory Networks in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082212. [PMID: 37190141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated inflammation has been established as a hallmark feature of almost all solid cancers. Tumor-extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways regulate the process of cancer-associated inflammation. Tumor-extrinsic inflammation is triggered by many factors, including infection, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and exposure to toxic and radioactive substances. Intrinsic inflammation can be induced by genomic mutation, genome instability and epigenetic remodeling in cancer cells that promote immunosuppressive traits, inducing the recruitment and activation of inflammatory immune cells. In RCC, many cancer cell-intrinsic alterations are assembled, upregulating inflammatory pathways, which enhance chemokine release and neoantigen expression. Furthermore, immune cells activate the endothelium and induce metabolic shifts, thereby amplifying both the paracrine and autocrine inflammatory loops to promote RCC tumor growth and progression. Together with tumor-extrinsic inflammatory factors, tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways trigger a Janus-faced tumor microenvironment, thereby simultaneously promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. For therapeutic success, it is important to understand the pathomechanisms of cancer-associated inflammation, which promote cancer progression. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms of cancer-associated inflammation that influence cancer and immune cell functions, thereby increasing tumor malignancy and anti-cancer resistance. We also discuss the potential of anti-inflammatory treatments, which may provide clinical benefits in RCCs and possible avenues for therapy and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- Division of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of LMU, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
New Insights into the Identification of Metabolites and Cytokines Predictive of Outcome for Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection Showed Similarity with Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054922. [PMID: 36902351 PMCID: PMC10003544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by several clinical manifestations, ranging from the absence of symptoms to severe forms that necessitate intensive care treatment. It is known that the patients with the highest rate of mortality develop increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, called the "cytokine storm", which is similar to inflammatory processes that occur in cancer. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces modifications in host metabolism leading to metabolic reprogramming, which is closely linked to metabolic changes in cancer. A better understanding of the correlation between perturbed metabolism and inflammatory responses is necessary. We evaluated untargeted plasma metabolomics and cytokine profiling via 1H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) and multiplex Luminex assay, respectively, in a training set of a limited number of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection classified on the basis of their outcome. Univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves related to hospitalization time showed that lower levels of several metabolites and cytokines/growth factors, correlated with a good outcome in these patients and these data were confirmed in a validation set of patients with similar characteristics. However, after the multivariate analysis, only the growth factor HGF, lactate and phenylalanine retained a significant prediction of survival. Finally, the combined analysis of lactate and phenylalanine levels correctly predicted the outcome of 83.3% of patients in both the training and the validation set. We highlighted that the cytokines and metabolites involved in COVID-19 patients' poor outcomes are similar to those responsible for cancer development and progression, suggesting the possibility of targeting them by repurposing anticancer drugs as a therapeutic strategy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
|
4
|
CXCR4/CXCL12 Activities in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092314. [PMID: 35565443 PMCID: PMC9105267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemokines are small soluble proteins that control and regulate cell trafficking within and between tissues by binding to their receptors. Among them, CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 appeared with ancestral vertebrates, are expressed almost ubiquitously, and play essential roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved in antigen recognition by T and B cells and in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. New data indicate that CXCR4 interacts with the surface protein CD47 in a novel form of immunosurveillance, called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). Following the co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 in tumor cells, macrophages phagocytose them and cross-present their antigens to the adaptive immune system, leading to tumor rejection in a fraction of mice. All of these specific activities of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in antigen presentation might be complementary to current immunotherapies. Abstract CXCR4 is a G-Protein coupled receptor that is expressed nearly ubiquitously and is known to control cell migration via its interaction with CXCL12, the most ancient chemokine. The functions of CXCR4/CXCL12 extend beyond cell migration and involve the recognition and disposal of unhealthy or tumor cells. The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a relevant role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. Notably, CXCR4/CXCL12 cross-signal via the T and B cell receptors (TCR and BCR) and co-internalize with CD47, promoting tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages in an anti-tumor immune process called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). These specific activities in shaping the immune response might be exploited to improve current immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu G, Wang H, Yan H, Liu G, Wu M. Identification of CXCL10 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857619. [PMID: 35296026 PMCID: PMC8918693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the widespread forms of kidney tumor is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with poor prognosis and insensitivity to radio chemotherapy as there is limited capacity to understand the disease mechanism. This study aims at identifying potential biomarkers and the underlying processes of ccRCC using bioinformatics analysis. Methods Transcriptome data of relevant samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R software was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the “edgeR” package. Two types of analysis—Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment—were accomplished by applying Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) online bioinformatics tools. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the identified DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape software, and hub genes were subsequently selected via the Cytohubba plug-in. The selected genes were input into Oncomine for verification. Finally, selected hub genes were analyzed by doing survival analysis to notice the relationship between survival (OS) rate and the selected genes’ level of expression. Results There were 1,855 DEGs found connected to ccRCC, with 1,207 upregulated genes and 648 downregulated genes. G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, integral component of membrane, calcium ion binding, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction were among the DEGs discovered. Oncomine confirmed the top six hub genes from the PPI network (C3, CXCR3, CXCL10, CCR5, CCL4, and CCL5). A high level of expression of CXCL10, one of these hub genes, was linked to a poor prognosis in individuals with ccRCC. The results of survival analysis showed that the expression level of CXCL10 was significantly correlated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions From the analysis, the following results were drawn: CXCL10 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genyi Qu
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huiqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Genlin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genlin Liu, ; Min Wu,
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Emergency, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genlin Liu, ; Min Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Cao J, Li P, Deng R, Yao Z, Ying L, Tian J. A Bioinformatic Analysis of Immune-Related Prognostic Genes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on TCGA and GEO Databases. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:325-342. [PMID: 35035230 PMCID: PMC8754506 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a commonly occurring tumor. Through a deeper understanding of the immune regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy may serve as a potential treatment for cancer patients. This study aimed at identifying the survival-related immune cells and hub genes, which could be potential targets for immunotherapy in ccRCC. Methods The gene expression profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were extracted from UCSC Xena and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analyses were utilized to select the survival-related tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Multivariate Cox regression was utilized to develop a signature based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Based on the signature, the risk score was calculated, following which the samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two risk groups were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was performed and cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to identify the hub genes. Multiple datasets were utilized to validate these hub genes, including the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and the GEO datasets. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the hub genes and TIICs. Results Four immune survival-related cells, including T cell CD4 memory-activated, T cell regulatory (Tregs), eosinophils, and mast cell resting were identified. Nine immune-specific hub genes were identified, which included APOE, CASR, CTLA4, CXCL8, EGF, F2, KNG1, MMP9, and IL6. Furthermore, these hub genes were significantly correlated with clinical traits and closely associated with some TIICs. Conclusion A total of four survival-related immune cell types and nine hub genes were found to be closely associated with ccRCC. These findings may have implications for the development of novel potential immunotherapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ying
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anticancer Effect of Heparin-Taurocholate Conjugate on Orthotopically Induced Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225775. [PMID: 34830928 PMCID: PMC8616444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer has a less than 9% 5-year survival rate among patients because it is very difficult to detect and diagnose early. Combinatorial chemotherapy with surgery or radiotherapy is a potential remedy to treat pancreatic cancer. However, these strategies still have side effects such as hair loss, skin soreness and fatigue. To overcome these side effects, angiogenesis inhibitors such as sunitinib are used to deliver targeted blood vessels around tumor tissues, including pancreatic cancer tumors. It is still controversial whether antiangiogenesis therapy is sufficient to treat pancreatic cancer. So far, many scientists have not been focused on the tumor types of pancreatic cancer when they have developed antipancreatic cancer medication. Here, we used heparin–taurocholate (LHT) as an anticancer drug to treat pancreatic cancer through inhibition of angiogenic growth factors. In this study, we examined the anticancer efficacy of LHT on various types of pancreatic cancer in an orthotopic model. Abstract Pancreatic cancers are classified based on where they occur, and are grouped into those derived from exocrine and those derived from neuroendocrine tumors, thereby experiencing different anticancer effects under medication. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anticancer drugs that can inhibit both types. To this end, we developed a heparin–taurocholate conjugate, i.e., LHT, to suppress tumor growth via its antiangiogenic activity. Here, we conducted a study to determine the anticancer efficacy of LHT on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), in an orthotopic animal model. LHT reduced not only proliferation of cancer cells, but also attenuated the production of VEGF through ERK dephosphorylation. LHT effectively reduced the migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells via dephosphorylation of VEGFR, ERK1/2, and FAK protein. Especially, these effects of LHT were much stronger on PNET (RINm cells) than PDAC (PANC1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells). Eventually, LHT reduced ~50% of the tumor weights and tumor volumes of all three cancer cells in the orthotopic model, via antiproliferation of cancer cells and antiangiogenesis of endothelial cells. Interestingly, LHT had a more dominant effect in the PNET-induced tumor model than in PDAC in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that LHT could be a potential antipancreatic cancer medication, regardless of pancreatic cancer types.
Collapse
|
8
|
Circulating Levels of the Interferon-γ-Regulated Chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11, IL-6 and HGF Predict Outcome in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Antiangiogenic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112849. [PMID: 34200459 PMCID: PMC8201218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib and pazopanib are standard first-line treatments for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Nonetheless, as the number of treatment options increases, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can predict drug efficacy and toxicity. In this prospective study we evaluated a set of biomarkers that had been previously identified within a secretory signature in mRCC patients. This set includes tumor expression of c-Met and serum levels of HGF, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Our cohort included 60 patients with mRCC from 10 different Spanish hospitals who received sunitinib (n = 51), pazopanib (n = 4) or both (n = 5). Levels of biomarkers were studied in relation to response rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). High tumor expression of c-Met and high basal serum levels of HGF, IL-6, CXCL11 and CXCL10 were significantly associated with reduced PFS and/or OS. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, CXCL11 was identified as an independent biomarker predictive of shorter PFS and OS, and HGF was an independent predictor of reduced PFS. Correlation analyses using our cohort of patients and patients from TCGA showed that HGF levels were significantly correlated with those of IL-6, CXCL11 and CXCL10. Bioinformatic protein-protein network analysis revealed a significant interaction between these proteins, all this suggesting a coordinated expression and secretion. We also developed a prognostic index that considers this group of biomarkers, where high values in mRCC patients can predict higher risk of relapse (HR 5.28 [2.32-12.0], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, high plasma HGF, CXCL11, CXCL10 and IL-6 levels are associated with worse outcome in mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib. Our findings also suggest that these factors may constitute a secretory cluster that acts coordinately to promote tumor growth and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santagata S, Ieranò C, Trotta AM, Capiluongo A, Auletta F, Guardascione G, Scala S. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Signaling Pathways: A Focus on the Cross-Talk Between Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:591386. [PMID: 33937018 PMCID: PMC8082172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.591386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated through their shared ligand CXCL12 in multiple human cancers. They play a key role in the tumor/tumor microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor progression, targeting cell proliferation and migration, while orchestrating the recruitment of immune and stromal cells within the TME. CXCL12 excludes T cells from TME through a concentration gradient that inhibits immunoactive cells access and promotes tumor vascularization. Thus, dual CXCR4/CXCR7 inhibition will target different cancer components. CXCR4/CXCR7 antagonism should prevent the development of metastases by interfering with tumor cell growth, migration and chemotaxis and favoring the frequency of T cells in TME. Herein, we discuss the current understanding on the role of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 cross-talk in tumor progression and immune cells recruitment providing support for a combined CXCR4/CXCR7 targeting therapy. In addition, we consider emerging approaches that coordinately target both immune checkpoints and CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Caterina Ieranò
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Capiluongo
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Auletta
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guardascione
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu K, Gao R, Wu H, Wang Z, Han G. Single-cell analysis reveals metastatic cell heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4260-4274. [PMID: 33759378 PMCID: PMC8093989 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Tumour metastasis and heterogeneity lead to poor survival outcomes and drug resistance in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC). In this study, we aimed to assess intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) in mRCC cells by performing a combined analysis of bulk data and single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and develop novel biomarkers for prognosis prediction on the basis of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Eligible single-cell cohorts related to mRCC were acquired using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to identify potential mRCC subpopulations. We then performed gene set variation analysis to understand the differential function in primary RCC and mRCC samples. Subsequently, we applied weighted correlation network analysis to identify coexpressing gene modules that were related to the external trait of metastasis. Protein-protein interactions were used to screen hub subpopulation-difference (sub-dif) markers (ACTG1, IL6, CASP3, ACTB and RAP1B) that might be involved in the regulation of RCC metastasis and progression. Cox regression analysis revealed that ACTG1 was a protective factor (HR < 1), whereas the other four genes (IL6, CASP3, ACTB and RAP1B) were risk factors (HR > 1). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested the potential prognostic value of these sub-dif markers. The expression of sub-dif markers in mRCC was further evaluated in clinical samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, the genetic features of sub-dif marker expression patterns, such as genetic variation profiles, correlations with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and targeted signalling pathway activities, were assessed in bulk RNA-seq datasets. In conclusion, we established novel subpopulation markers as key prognostic factors affecting EMT-related signalling pathway activation in mRCC, which could facilitate the implementation of a treatment for mRCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lv D, Wu X, Wang M, Chen W, Yang S, Liu Y, Zeng G, Gu D. Functional Assessment of Four Novel Immune-Related Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621618. [PMID: 33796525 PMCID: PMC8007883 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma whose pathogenesis is not well understood. We aimed at identifying novel immune-related biomarkers that could be valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC. Methods The Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method was used to integrate differently expressed genes (DEGs) of 7 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and obtain robust DEGs. Weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) were performed to identify hub genes associated with clinical traits in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were used to explore the role of hub genes in ccRCC. Results Four hub genes IFI16, LMNB1, RHBDF2 and TACC3 were screened by the RRA method and WGCNA. These genes were found to be up-regulated in ccRCC, an upregulation that could be due to their associations with late TNM stages and tumor grades. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the four hub genes had great diagnostic and prognostic values for ccRCC, while Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that they were involved in immune signaling pathways. They were also found to be closely associated with multiple tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and critical immune checkpoint expressions. The results of Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) analysis were consistent with bioinformatics analysis results. Conclusion The four hub genes were shown to have great diagnostic and prognostic values and played key roles in the tumor microenvironment of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Lv
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhe Chen
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligands in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228582. [PMID: 33202536 PMCID: PMC7696621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major invasive subtype of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The essential components of cancer development are chronic inflammation and neoangiogenesis. It has been suggested that the chemokine ligand 9, -10, –11 (CXCL9–11) and chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokines receptor expressed on monocytes, T and NK cells may be involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis. However, to date, little is known about the potential clinical significance of these chemokines and their receptor in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this review, we described the role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC. We performed an extensive search of the current literature in our investigation, using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. The changes of chemokines and their specific receptor in renal cell carcinoma were observed. Published studies revealed an increased expression of CXCR3 and elevated concentration of its ligands in RCC. The association between treatment of RCC and CXCL9–11/CXCR3 concentration and expression was also observed. Moreover, CXCR3 and its ligands levels were related to patient’s prognosis, risk of metastasis and tumor growth. This review describes the potential role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC, as well as their potential immune-therapeutic significance. However, future studies should aim to confirm the clinical and prognostic role of CXCL9–11/CXCR3 in renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu X, Zhao Z, Khan A, Cai C, Lv D, Gu D, Liu Y. Identification of a Novel Signature and Construction of a Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:1017. [PMID: 33101364 PMCID: PMC7500318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for majority of RCC-related deaths. It is clearly essential to further identify more novel prognostic signatures and therapeutic targets. Material and Methods We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues in GEO database using a Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method. An mRNA signature (mRNASig) based on DEGs was developed using Cox and LASSO analysis in the TCGA database and validated in the ICGC database. Afterward, the influence of mRNASig mRNAs on the immune microenvironment in ccRCC was explored using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Results A total of 957 robust DEGs were identified using the RRA method. mRNASig comprised CEP55, IFI44, NCF4, and TCIRG1 and was developed and validated to identify high-risk patients who had poorer prognosis than low-risk patients. A nomogram was also constructed based on mRNASig, AJCC stage, and tumor grade. The mRNASig were closely related to a variety of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, especially including CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ memory T cells, regulatory T cells, activated NK cells, and resting NK cells. The mRNASig were also correlated positively with the expression of CTLA4, LAG3, PDCD1, TIGIT, and HAVCR2. Conclusion We developed and validated mRNASig to assist clinicians in making personalized treatment decisions. Furthermore, CEP55, IFI44, NCF4, and TCIRG1 may be novel potential targets for future treatment of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, Yunshan Medical Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Russell KL, Gorgulho CM, Allen A, Vakaki M, Wang Y, Facciabene A, Lee D, Roy P, Buchser WJ, Appleman LJ, Maranchie J, Storkus WJ, Lotze MT. Inhibiting Autophagy in Renal Cell Cancer and the Associated Tumor Endothelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:165-177. [PMID: 31135523 PMCID: PMC10395074 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clear cell subtype of kidney cancer encompasses most renal cell carcinoma cases and is associated with the loss of von Hippel-Lindau gene function or expression. Subsequent loss or mutation of the other allele influences cellular stress responses involving nutrient and hypoxia sensing. Autophagy is an important regulatory process promoting the disposal of unnecessary or degraded cellular components, tightly linked to almost all cellular processes. Organelles and proteins that become damaged or that are no longer needed in the cell are sequestered and digested in autophagosomes upon fusing with lysosomes, or alternatively, released via vesicular exocytosis. Tumor development tends to disrupt the regulation of the balance between this process and apoptosis, permitting prolonged cell survival and increased replication. Completed trials of autophagic inhibitors using hydroxychloroquine in combination with other anticancer agents including rapalogues and high-dose interleukin 2 have now been reported. The complex nature of autophagy and the unique biology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma warrant further understanding to better develop the next generation of relevant anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abigail Allen
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Partha Roy
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Serum levels of the IL-6 family of cytokines predict prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:19-30. [PMID: 32621022 PMCID: PMC7838134 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose An improved understanding of RCC immunology should shed further light on RCC tumor biology. Our objective was to study to what extent serum levels of the IL-6 family of cytokines at diagnosis were relevant to survival. Methods A total of 118 consecutively patients with RCC, in which the tumor was surgically removed at Haukeland University Hospital during the period from 2007 to 2010, were included. The patients were followed-up for 10 years. The morning before surgery blood was sampled and serum frozen, with levels of IL-6, IL-27, IL-31, OSM, CNTF, IL-6Rα and gp130 determined. Results Among patients with the highest quartile of IL-6 (> 8 pg/ml) (n = 29), six of nine who had metastasis at diagnosis had such high IL-6 values. Among presumed radically treated patients, a high IL-6 and IL-27 strongly predicted recurrence. In particular, the predictions among patients with large (diameter > 7 cm) tumors were excellent regarding both IL-6 and IL-27 values. High gp130 serum levels predicted an overall survival (OS) among RCC patients with large tumors. Patients with a high IL-6 exhibited a strong expression of IL-6 in endothelial- and vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, the level of intra-tumoral CD3-positive cells predicted survival. Conclusions IL-6 and IL-27 seem to play a role in RCC biology. IL-6 enables the pinpointing of metastatic condition at diagnosis, as well as together with IL-27, the predicting of survival and recurrence. Endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are both suggested as important sources of IL-6. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-020-02655-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jikuya R, Kishida T, Sakaguchi M, Yokose T, Yasui M, Hashizume A, Tatenuma T, Mizuno N, Muraoka K, Umemoto S, Kawai M, Yoshihara M, Nakamura Y, Miyagi Y, Sasada T. Galectin-9 expression as a poor prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2041-2051. [PMID: 32424467 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the effectiveness of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been established. Nevertheless, efficacy has been reported to be limited to only 10-30% of patients. To develop more effective immunotherapy for RCC, we analyzed the immunological characteristics in RCC tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We prepared a tissue microarray that consisted of tumor tissue sections (1 mm in diameter) from 83 RCC patients in Kanagawa Cancer Center between 2006 and 2015. IHC analysis was performed with antibodies specific to immune-related (CD8 and Foxp3) and immune checkpoint (programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2), B7-H4 and galectin-9) molecules. The numbers and proportions of positively stained tumor cells or immune cells were determined in each section. From multivariate analysis of all 83 patients, higher galectin-9 expression was detected as a factor associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.029) and that higher stage and higher B7-H4 expression were associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). Similarly, in multivariate analysis of 69 patients with clear cell RCC, though not statistically significant, there was a trend for association between higher galectin-9 expression and worse OS (P = 0.067), while higher stage was associated with worse PFS (P < 0.001). This study suggests that higher galectin-9 expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor of OS in RCC patients. Therefore, to develop more effective personalized immunotherapy to treat RCC, it may be important to target not only PD-1/PD-L1, but also other immune checkpoint molecules such as galectin-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Jikuya
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Sakaguchi
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Akihito Hashizume
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tatenuma
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Kentaro Muraoka
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Susumu Umemoto
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawai
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshihara
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan. .,Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eich M, Chaux A, Mendoza Rodriguez MA, Guner G, Taheri D, Rodriguez Pena MDC, Sharma R, Allaf ME, Netto GJ. Tumour immune microenvironment in primary and metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 76:423-432. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research School of Postgraduate Studies Norte University Asunción Paraguay
| | | | - Gunes Guner
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - Diana Taheri
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Pathology Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huaqi Y, Caipeng Q, Qiang W, Yiqing D, Xiang D, Xu T, Xiaowei Z, Qing L, Shijun L, Tao X. Transcription Factor SOX18 Promotes Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression and Alleviates Cabozantinib-Mediated Inhibitory Effects. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2433-2445. [PMID: 31527225 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huaqi
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Caipeng
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Qiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Du Yiqing
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Xiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tang Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Xiaowei
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Qing
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Shijun
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Second School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Zhang Y. Prognostic role of interleukin-6 in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:835-843. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Iida K, Miyake M, Onishi K, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Gotoh D, Itami Y, Onishi S, Nakai Y, Anai S, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD276/Foxp3-positive lymphocytes and associated circulating cytokines in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4004-4010. [PMID: 30930997 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor and pathological specimen generally contain large quantities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Numerous cell types and cytokines could affect the immune escape mechanism of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of TILs and the associated circulating cytokines on localized clear cell RCC following radical nephrectomy. A total of 87 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy and were pathologically diagnosed with localized clear cell RCC were included. The present study evaluated the profile of TILs with immunohistochemical analysis of tumor specimens using a panel of antibodies [cluster of differentiation (CD)-4, CD8, CD80, CD86, CD276, and Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)]. Counts of each TIL were compared with clinicopathological variables. Based on the results of immunohistochemical analyses, putative cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, were selected, and their levels in preoperative serum were measured by ELISA. The levels were compared with TIL counts in tumor specimens. High counts of the CD276+ and Foxp3+ TILs were identified as independent factors for poor prognosis for metastasis and local recurrence following radical nephrectomy (P=0.033 and 0.006, respectively). A high CD276+ TIL count was associated with preoperative serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ (P=0.027 and P=0.035, respectively), whereas a high count of Foxp3+ TILs was associated with preoperative serum levels of TGF-β (P=0.021). High levels of TNF-α and TGF-β were associated with recurrence-free survival (P=0.035 and P=0.031, respectively). Topical intra-tumoral immunoreaction and systemic immune status may be associated with patients with localized RCC. The topical induction of the CD276+ and Foxp3+ TILs was suggested to be associated with high levels of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ. Preoperative serum levels of TNF-α and TGF-β could be simple and non-invasive biomarkers for risk stratification before radical surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Iida
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenta Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Itami
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sayuri Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferrandino F, Grazioli P, Bellavia D, Campese AF, Screpanti I, Felli MP. Notch and NF-κB: Coach and Players of Regulatory T-Cell Response in Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2165. [PMID: 30364244 PMCID: PMC6193072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays multiple roles in driving T-cell fate decisions, proliferation, and aberrant growth. NF-κB is a cell-context key player interconnected with Notch signaling either in physiological or in pathological conditions. This review focuses on how the multilayered crosstalk between different Notches and NF-κB subunits may converge on Foxp3 gene regulation and orchestrate CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell function, particularly in a tumor microenvironment. Notably, Treg cells may play a pivotal role in the inhibition of antitumor immune responses, possibly promoting tumor growth. A future challenge is represented by further dissection of both Notch and NF-κB pathways and consequences of their intersection in tumor-associated Treg biology. This may shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating Treg cell expansion and migration to peripheral lymphoid organs thought to facilitate tumor development and still to be explored. In so doing, new opportunities for combined and/or more selective therapeutic approaches to improve anticancer immunity may be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Grazioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Åström M, Tajeddinn W, Karlsson MG, Linder O, Palmblad J, Lindblad P. Cytokine Measurements for Diagnosing and Characterizing Leukemoid Reactions and Immunohistochemical Validation of a Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and CXCL8-Producing Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918792246. [PMID: 30147294 PMCID: PMC6100120 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918792246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various paraneoplastic syndromes are encountered in renal cell carcinomas. This case report illustrates that a paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction may precede the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and be explained by cytokine production from the cancer cells. Case presentations A 64-year-old man was referred for hematology workup due to pronounced leukocytosis. While being evaluated for a possible hematologic malignancy as the cause, he was found to have a metastasized renal cell carcinoma, and hyperleukocytosis was classified as a leukemoid reaction. A multiplex panel for measurement of 25 serum cytokines/chemokines showed highly elevated levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CXCL8 (C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand 8, previously known as interleukin [IL]-8). By immunohistochemistry it was shown that the renal carcinoma cells expressed both these cytokines. Two additional, consecutive patients with renal cell carcinoma with paraneoplastic leukocytosis also showed elevated serum levels of CXCL8, but not of G-CSF. Nonparametric statistical evaluation showed significantly higher serum concentrations of CXCL8, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor, but lower interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-1α, for the 3 renal cell carcinoma cases compared with healthy blood donors. Conclusions In suspected paraneoplastic leukocytosis, multiplex serum cytokine analyses may facilitate diagnosis and provide an understanding of the mechanisms for the reaction. In the index patient, combined G-CSF and CXCL8 protein expression by renal carcinoma cells was uniquely documented. A rapidly fatal course was detected in all 3 cases, congruent with the concept that autocrine/paracrine growth signaling in renal carcinoma cells may induce an aggressive tumor phenotype. Immune profiling studies could improve our understanding for possible targets when choosing therapies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Åström
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Walid Tajeddinn
- iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats G Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Olle Linder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan Palmblad
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Lindblad
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A 2-Protein Signature Predicting Clinical Outcome in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 28:51-58. [PMID: 28976449 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for approximately 70% deaths in ovarian cancer. The overall survival (OS) of HGSOC is poor and still remains a clinical challenge. High-grade serous ovarian cancer can be divided into 4 molecular subtypes. The prognosis of different molecular subtypes is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic values of immunohistochemistry-based different molecular subtypes in patients with HGSOC. METHODS We analyzed the protein expression of representative biomarkers (CXCL11, HMGA2, and MUC16) of 3 different molecular subtypes in 110 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HGSOC by tissue microarrays. RESULTS High CXCL11 expression predicted worse OS, not disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.028 for OS, P = 0.191 for DFS). High HMGA2 expression predicted worse OS and DFS (P = 0.037 for OS, P = 0.021 for DFS). MUC16 expression was not associated with OS or DFS (P = 0.919 for OS, P = 0.517 for DFS). Multivariate regression analysis showed that CXCL11 combined with HMGA2 signature was an independent predictor for OS and DFS in patients with HGSOC. CONCLUSIONS CXCL11 combined with HMGA2 signature was a clinically applicable prognostic model that could precisely predict an HGSOC patient's OS and tumor recurrence. This model could serve as an important tool for risk assessment of HGSOC prognosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pilskog M, Bostad L, Edelmann RJ, Akslen LA, Beisland C, Straume O. Tumour cell expression of interleukin 6 receptor α is associated with response rates in patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 4:114-123. [PMID: 29665322 PMCID: PMC5903692 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma, and anti‐angiogenic treatment is currently first line therapy for metastatic ccRCC (mccRCC). Response rates and duration of response show considerable variation, and adverse events have a major influence on patient quality of life. The need for predictive biomarkers to select responders to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors upfront is urgent. We investigated the predictive value of immunohistochemical biomarkers associated with angiogenesis and systemic inflammation in mccRCC. Forty‐six patients with metastatic or non‐resectable ccRCC treated with sunitinib were included. Metastatic and/or primary tumour tissue was stained by immunohistochemistry for selected markers related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)] and immune responses [Interleukin 6 receptor α (IL6Rα), interleukin‐6 (IL6), and jagged1 (JAG1)]. The predictive potential of the candidate markers was assessed by correlations with response rates (RECIST). In addition, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed. Low tumour cell expression of IL6Rα was significantly associated with improved response to sunitinib (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.03), but not with PFS or OS. Median/high expression of IL6Rα showed significant association with median/high expression of VEGF‐A and HSP27. Furthermore, low expression of IL6 was significantly associated with improved PFS, but not OS or response rates. High expression of IL6 was significantly associated with high expression of JAG1, VEGF‐A, VEGFR2, and PDGFRβ. Loss of tumour cell expression of IL6Rα in mccRCC patients treated with sunitinib predicts improved treatment response, and might represent a candidate predictive marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pilskog
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Bostad
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidunn J Edelmann
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Beisland
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddbjørn Straume
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
D'Arcangelo D, Facchiano F, Nassa G, Stancato A, Antonini A, Rossi S, Senatore C, Cordella M, Tabolacci C, Salvati A, Tarallo R, Weisz A, Facchiano AM, Facchiano A. PDGFR-alpha inhibits melanoma growth via CXCL10/IP-10: a multi-omics approach. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77257-77275. [PMID: 27764787 PMCID: PMC5363585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin-cancer, showing high mortality at advanced stages. Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor-alpha (PDGFR-alpha) potently inhibits melanoma- and endothelium-proliferation and its expression is significantly reduced in melanoma-biopsies, suggesting that melanoma progression eliminates cells expressing PDGFR-alpha. In the present study transient overexpression of PDGFR-alpha in endothelial (HUVEC) and melanoma (SKMel-28, A375, Preyer) human-cells shows strong anti-proliferative effects, with profound transcriptome and miRNome deregulation. PDGFR-alpha overexpression strongly affects expression of 82 genes in HUVEC (41 up-, 41 down-regulated), and 52 genes in SKMel-28 (43 up-, 9 down-regulated). CXCL10/IP-10 transcript showed up to 20 fold-increase, with similar changes detectable at the protein level. miRNA expression profiling in cells overexpressing PDGFR-alpha identified 14 miRNAs up- and 40 down-regulated, with miR-503 being the most down-regulated (6.4 fold-reduction). miR-503, miR-630 and miR-424 deregulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, the most upregulated transcript (i.e., CXCL10/IP-10) was a validated miR-503 target and CXCL10/IP-10 neutralization significantly reverted the anti-proliferative action of PDGFR-alpha, and PDGFR-alpha inhibition by Dasatinb totally reverted the CXCL10/IP10 induction, further supporting a functional interplay of these factors. Finally, integration of transcriptomics and miRNomics data highlighted several pathways affected by PDGFR-alpha. This study demonstrates for the first time that PDGFR-alpha strongly inhibits endothelial and melanoma cells proliferation in a CXCL10/IP-10 dependent way, via miR-503 down-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery,University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Andrea Stancato
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Antonini
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Senatore
- Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Cordella
- Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery,University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery,University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery,University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Antonio Facchiano
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Juengel E, Krueger G, Rutz J, Nelson K, Werner I, Relja B, Seliger B, Fisslthaler B, Fleming I, Tsaur I, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Renal cell carcinoma alters endothelial receptor expression responsible for leukocyte adhesion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20410-24. [PMID: 26943029 PMCID: PMC4991464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) escapes immune recognition. To elaborate the escape strategy the influence of RCC cells on endothelial receptor expression and endothelial leukocyte adhesion was evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were co-cultured with the RCC cell line, Caki-1, with and without tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial (E)-selectin, standard and variants (V) of CD44 were then analysed in HUVEC, using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. To determine which components are responsible for HUVEC-Caki-1 interaction causing receptor alteration, Caki-1 membrane fragments versus cell culture supernatant were applied to HUVECS. Adhesion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to endothelium was evaluated by co-culture adhesion assays. Relevance of endothelial receptor expression for adhesion to endothelium was determined by receptor blockage. Co-culture of RCC and HUVECs resulted in a significant increase in endothelial ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, CD44 V3 and V7 expression. Previous stimulation of HUVECs with TNF-alpha and co-cultivation with Caki-1 resulted in further elevation of endothelial CD44 V3 and V7 expression, whereas ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression were significantly diminished. Since Caki-1 membrane fragments also caused these alterations, but cell culture supernatant did not, cell-cell contact may be responsible for this process. Blocking ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin or CD44 with respective antibodies led to a significant decrease in PBL and PMN adhesion to endothelium. Thus, exposing HUVEC to Caki-1 results in significant alteration of endothelial receptor expression and subsequent endothelial attachment of PBL and PMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Geraldine Krueger
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabella Werner
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kampan NC, Madondo MT, McNally OM, Stephens AN, Quinn MA, Plebanski M. Interleukin 6 Present in Inflammatory Ascites from Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1482. [PMID: 29163543 PMCID: PMC5681739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a highly lethal gynecological malignancy. Ascites, an accumulation of peritoneal fluid present in one-third of patients at presentation, is linked to poor prognosis. High levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in ascites are correlated with tumor progression and reduced survival. Malignant ascites harbors high levels of Tregs expressing the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), as well as pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). IL-6 is also associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we study the effect of IL-6 and TNF present in ascites on the modulation of TNFR2 expression on T cells, and specifically Tregs. Methods Ascites and respective peripheral blood sera were collected from 18 patients with advanced EOC and soluble biomarkers, including IL-6, sTNFR2, IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF, were quantified using multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were incubated with cell-free ascites for 48 h (or media as a negative control). In some experiments, IL-6 or TNF within the ascites were neutralized by using monoclonal antibodies. The phenotype of TNFR2+ Tregs and TNFR2− Tregs were characterized post incubation in ascites. In some experiments, cell sorted Tregs were utilized instead of PBMC. Results High levels of immunosuppressive (sTNFR2, IL-10, and TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF) were present in malignant ascites. TNFR2 expression on all T cell subsets was higher in post culture in ascites and highest on CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ Tregs, resulting in an increased TNFR2+ Treg/effector T cell ratio. Furthermore, TNFR2+ Tregs conditioned in ascites expressed higher levels of the functional immunosuppressive molecules programmed cell death ligand-1, CTLA-4, and GARP. Functionally, TNFR2+ Treg frequency was inversely correlated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by effector T cells, and was uniquely able to suppress TNFR2+ T effectors. Blockade of IL-6, but not TNF, within ascites decreased TNFR2+ Treg frequency. Results indicating malignant ascites promotes TNFR2 expression, and increased suppressive Treg activity using PBMC were confirmed using purified Treg subsets. Conclusion IL-6 present in malignant ovarian cancer ascites promotes increased TNFR2 expression and frequency of highly suppressive Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mutsa Tatenda Madondo
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Orla M McNally
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael A Quinn
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, van de Vijver K, Estrada MV, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders M, Solomon B, Solinas C, Van den Eynden GGGM, Allory Y, Preusser M, Hainfellner J, Pruneri G, Vingiani A, Demaria S, Symmans F, Nuciforo P, Comerma L, Thompson EA, Lakhani S, Kim SR, Schnitt S, Colpaert C, Sotiriou C, Scherer SJ, Ignatiadis M, Badve S, Pierce RH, Viale G, Sirtaine N, Penault-Llorca F, Sugie T, Fineberg S, Paik S, Srinivasan A, Richardson A, Wang Y, Chmielik E, Brock J, Johnson DB, Balko J, Wienert S, Bossuyt V, Michiels S, Ternes N, Burchardi N, Luen SJ, Savas P, Klauschen F, Watson PH, Nelson BH, Criscitiello C, O’Toole S, Larsimont D, de Wind R, Curigliano G, André F, Lacroix-Triki M, van de Vijver M, Rojo F, Floris G, Bedri S, Sparano J, Rimm D, Nielsen T, Kos Z, Hewitt S, Singh B, Farshid G, Loibl S, Allison KH, Tung N, Adams S, Willard-Gallo K, Horlings HM, Gandhi L, Moreira A, Hirsch F, Dieci MV, Urbanowicz M, Brcic I, Korski K, Gaire F, Koeppen H, Lo A, Giltnane J, Ziai J, Rebelatto MC, Steele KE, Zha J, Emancipator K, Juco JW, Denkert C, Reis-Filho J, Loi S, Fox SB. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:311-335. [PMID: 28777143 PMCID: PMC5638696 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are evaluated and implemented in different tumor types. However, many different approaches can be used to assess and describe the immune response, which limits efforts at implementation as a routine clinical biomarker. In part 1 of this review, we have proposed a standardized methodology to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumors, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines for invasive breast carcinoma. In part 2 of this review, we discuss the available evidence for the prognostic and predictive value of TILs in common solid tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, gynecologic system, and head and neck, as well as primary brain tumors, mesothelioma and melanoma. The particularities and different emphases in TIL assessment in different tumor types are discussed. The standardized methodology we propose can be adapted to different tumor types and may be used as a standard against which other approaches can be compared. Standardization of TIL assessment will help clinicians, researchers and pathologists to conclusively evaluate the utility of this simple biomarker in the current era of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory/Breast International Group, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology and TCRU, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gevaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tom John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bibhusal Thapa
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Koen van de Vijver
- Divisions of Diagnostic Oncology & Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert GGM Van den Eynden
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Allory
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- INSERM, UMR 955, Créteil, France
- Département de pathologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hainfellner
- Institute of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Demaria
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sunil Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seong-Rim Kim
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart Schnitt
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cecile Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan J. Scherer
- Academic Medical Innovation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Robert H. Pierce
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Central Laboratory and Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Sirtaine
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of Auvergne UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tomohagu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical School, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Gliwice, Poland
- Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jane Brock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Justin Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- VMscope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nils Ternes
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Stephen J. Luen
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter H. Watson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sandra O’Toole
- The Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Bella Vista, Australia
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland de Wind
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark van de Vijver
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shahinaz Bedri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Centre, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Torsten Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Gelareh Farshid
- Directorate of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Nadine Tung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Sylvia Adams
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Andre Moreira
- Pulmonary Pathology, New York University Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Fred Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Urbanowicz
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Gaire
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Amy Lo
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Jiping Zha
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersberg, USA
| | | | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Santagata S, Napolitano M, D'Alterio C, Desicato S, Maro SD, Marinelli L, Fragale A, Buoncervello M, Persico F, Gabriele L, Novellino E, Longo N, Pignata S, Perdonà S, Scala S. Targeting CXCR4 reverts the suppressive activity of T-regulatory cells in renal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77110-77120. [PMID: 29100374 PMCID: PMC5652768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the intent to identify biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the functional status of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) was investigated in primary RCC. Tregs were isolated from tumoral-(TT), peritumoral tissue-(PT) and peripheral blood-(PB) of 42 primary RCC patients and function evaluated through effector T cells (Teff) proliferation, cytokines release and demethylation of Treg Specific Region (TSDR). The highest value of Tregs was detected in TT with the uppermost amount of effector-Tregs-(CD4+CD25hiFOXP3hiCD45RA-). PB-RCC Tregs efficiently suppress Teff proliferation compared to healthy donor (HD)-Tregs and, at the intrapatient evaluation, TT-derived Tregs were the most suppressive. Higher demethylation TSDR was detected in TT- and PB-RCC Tregs vs HD-Tregs (P <0,001). CXCR4 is highly expressed on Tregs, thus we wished to modulate Tregs function through CXCR4 inhibition. CXCR4 antagonism, elicited by a new peptidic antagonist, Peptide-R29, efficiently reversed Tregs suppression of Teff proliferation. Thus Tregs functional evaluation precisely reflects Tregs status and may be a reliable biomarker of tumoral immune response. In addition, treatment with CXCR4 antagonist, impairing Tregs function, could improve the anticancer immune response, in combination with conventional therapy and/or immunotherapy such as checkpoints inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Desicato
- Uro-Gynecological Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Buoncervello
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- Urology Division, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Uro-Gynecological Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Uro-Gynecological Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fortis SP, Sofopoulos M, Sotiriadou NN, Haritos C, Vaxevanis CK, Anastasopoulou EA, Janssen N, Arnogiannaki N, Ardavanis A, Pawelec G, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN. Differential intratumoral distributions of CD8 and CD163 immune cells as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:39. [PMID: 28428887 PMCID: PMC5395775 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor immune cell infiltrates are essential in hindering cancer progression and may complement the TNM classification. CD8+ and CD163+ cells have prognostic impact in breast cancer but their spatial heterogeneity has not been extensively explored in this type of cancer. Here, their potential as prognostic biomarkers was evaluated, depending on their combined densities in the tumor center (TC) and the tumor invasive margin (IM). Methods CD8+ and CD163+ cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples from a cohort totaling 162 patients with histologically-confirmed primary invasive non-metastatic ductal breast cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2015. Clinical follow-up (median 6.9 years) was available for 97 of these patients. Results Differential densities of CD8+ and CD163+ cells in the combined TC and IM compartments (i.e., high(H)/low(L), respectively for CD8+ cells and the reverse L/H combination for CD163+ cells) were found to have significant prognostic value for survival, and allowed better patient stratification than TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node invasion and histological grade. The combined evaluation of CD8+ and CD163+ cell densities jointly in TC and IM further improves prediction of clinical outcomes based on disease-free and overall survival. Patients having the favorable immune signatures had favorable clinical outcomes despite poor clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions Given the important roles of CD8+ and CD163+ cells in regulating opposing immune circuits, adding an assessment of their differential densities to the prognostic biomarker armamentarium in breast cancer would be valuable. Larger validation studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Trial registrations Study code: IRB-ID 6079/448/10-6-13 Date of approval: 10/06/2013 Retrospective study (2000–2010) First patient prospectively enrolled 14/2/2014 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0240-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios P Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christoforos Haritos
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nicole Janssen
- Center for Medical Research, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Quan Z, He Y, Luo C, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Liu N, Wu X. Interleukin 6 induces cell proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing hepaCAM via the STAT3-dependent up-regulation of DNMT1 or DNMT3b. Cell Signal 2017; 32:48-58. [PMID: 28093267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a tumor promoting cytokine, has been largely implicated in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM) is a novel tumor suppressor, which is lost or down-regulated in many cancer types including RCC. In the present study, we intensively investigated the connection between IL-6 and hepaCAM in RCC. Our analysis of RCC tissues, adjacent tissues and paired serum samples from RCC patients revealed that IL-6 was elevated in patient serum and RCC tissue, whereas hepaCAM was completely lost or significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed an association between IL-6 increase and hepaCAM decrease in RCC tissue samples. In the section of cytological researches, we found in RCC cell lines that IL-6 was a direct upstream regulator of hepaCAM, and that hepaCAM down-regulation was involved in IL-6-driven cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that IL-6-mediated promoter hypermethylation largely accounted for the hepaCAM loss in RCC, and it was STAT3-dependent. Additionally, our data showed that DNMT1 up-regulation induced by IL-6/STAT3 signaling was indispensable for IL-6-mediated hepaCAM loss in RCC cell lines ACHN and 769-P, while DNMT3b up-regulation was crucial for hepaCAM loss in A498. Our findings provide a novel signal pathway regulating cell proliferation, potentially representing a therapeutic target for RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dieu-Nosjean MC, Giraldo NA, Kaplon H, Germain C, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C. Tertiary lymphoid structures, drivers of the anti-tumor responses in human cancers. Immunol Rev 2016; 271:260-75. [PMID: 27088920 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of the microenvironment of human tumors led to the description of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) characterized by mature dendritic cells in a T-cell zone adjacent to B-cell follicle including a germinal center. TLS represent sites of lymphoid neogenesis that develop in most solid cancers. Analysis of the current literature shows that the TLS presence is associated with a favorable clinical outcome for cancer patients, regardless of the approach used to quantify TLS and the stage of the disease. Using several approaches that combine immunohistochemistry, gene expression assays, and flow cytometry on large series of lung tumors, our work demonstrated that TLS are important sites for the initiation and/or maintenance of the local and systemic T- and B-cell responses against tumors. Surrounded by high endothelial venules, they represent a privileged area for the recruitment of lymphocytes into tumors and generation of central-memory T and B cells that circulate and limit cancer progression. TLS can be considered as a novel biomarker to stratify the overall survival risk of untreated cancer patients and as a marker of efficient immunotherapies. The induction and manipulation of cancer-associated TLS using drug agonists and/or biotherapies should open new avenues to treat cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Kaplon
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Claire Germain
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 13 Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Serum Cytokinome Profile Evaluation: A Tool to Define New Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Cancer Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3064643. [PMID: 28050120 PMCID: PMC5168457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3064643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers are focusing their attention on the link between inflammation and cancer. The inflammation is involved in the tumor development and suppression, by stimulating the immune response. In particular, the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer produces angiogenic and growth factors able to repair the tissue and to promote cancer cell survival, implantation, and growth. In this contest, the cytokines contribute to the development of these processes becoming active before and during the inflammatory process and playing an important function at the various disease levels. Thus, these proteins can represent specific markers of tumor development and progression. Therefore the "cytokinome" term is used to indicate the evaluation of cytokine pattern by using an "omics" approach. Newly, specific protein chips of considerable and improved sensitivity are being developed to determine simultaneously several and different cytokines. This can be achieved by a multiplex technology that, through the use of small amounts of serum or other fluids, is used to determine the presence and the levels of underrepresented cytokines. Since this method is an accurate, sensitive, and reproducible cytokine assay, it is already used in many different studies. Thus, this review focuses on the more latest aspects related to cytokinome profile evaluation in different cancers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yeh CR, Ou ZY, Xiao GQ, Guancial E, Yeh S. Infiltrating T cells promote renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression via altering the estrogen receptor β-DAB2IP signals. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44346-59. [PMID: 26587829 PMCID: PMC4792561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated the T cells, one of the most common types of immune cells existing in the microenvironment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), may influence the progression of RCC. The potential linkage of T cells and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a key player to impact RCC progression, however, remains unclear. Our results demonstrate that RCC cells can recruit more T cells than non-malignant kidney cells. Using an in vitro matrigel invasion system, we found infiltrating T cells could promote RCC cells invasion via increasing ERβ expression and transcriptional activity. Mechanism dissection suggested that co-culturing T cells with RCC cells released more T cell attraction factors, including IFN-γ, CCL3 and CCL5, suggesting a positive regulatory feed-back mechanism. Meanwhile, infiltrating T cells may also promote RCC cell invasion via increased ERβ and decreased DAB2IP expressions, and knocking down DAB2IP can then reverse the T cells-promoted RCC cell invasion. Together, our results suggest that infiltrating T cells may promote RCC cell invasion via increasing the RCC cell ERβ expression to inhibit the tumor suppressor DAB2IP signals. Further mechanism dissection showed that co-culturing T cells with RCC cells could produce more IGF-1 and FGF-7, which may enhance the ERβ transcriptional activity. The newly identified relationship between infiltrating T cells/ERβ/DAB2IP signals may provide a novel therapeutic target in the development of agents against RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zheng-Yu Ou
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Guang-Qian Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guancial
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Najjar YG, Rayman P, Jia X, Pavicic PG, Rini BI, Tannenbaum C, Ko J, Haywood S, Cohen P, Hamilton T, Diaz-Montero CM, Finke J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subset Accumulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Parenchyma Is Associated with Intratumoral Expression of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2346-2355. [PMID: 27799249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Little is known about the association between myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and various chemokines in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or the factors that draw MDSC into tumor parenchyma.Experimental Design: We analyzed polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), and immature MDSC (I-MDSC) from the parenchyma and peripheral blood of 48 patients with RCC, isolated at nephrectomy. We analyzed levels of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, Mip-1α, MCP-1, and Rantes. Furthermore, we performed experiments in a Renca murine model to assess therapeutic synergy between CXCR2 and anti-PD1 and to elucidate the impact of IL1β blockade on MDSC.Results: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, and I-MDSC correlate with IL8 and CXCL5. Furthermore, peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade. Given that PMN-MDSC express CXCR2 and parenchymal PMN-MDSC correlated with IL8 and CXCL5, we assessed the response of CXCR2 blockade with or without anti-PD1. Combination therapy reduced tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In addition, anti-IL1β decreased PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC in the periphery, PMN-MDSC in the tumor, and peripheral CXCL5 and KC. Anti-IL1β also delayed tumor growth.Conclusions: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, suggesting they may attract PMN-MDSC into the tumor. Peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade, suggesting prognostic significance. Anti-CXCR2 and anti-PD1 synergized to reduce tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in a Renca murine model, suggesting that CXCR2+ PMN-MDSC are important in reducing activity of anti-PD1 antibody. Finally, anti-IL1β decreases MDSC and delayed tumor growth, suggesting a potential target for MDSC inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2346-55. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Najjar
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institite, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Rayman
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xuefei Jia
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul G Pavicic
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian I Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jennifer Ko
- Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel Haywood
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter Cohen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Thomas Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - James Finke
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Espinoza JA, Jabeen S, Batra R, Papaleo E, Haakensen V, Timmermans Wielenga V, Møller Talman ML, Brunner N, Børresen-Dale AL, Gromov P, Helland Å, Kristensen VN, Gromova I. Cytokine profiling of tumor interstitial fluid of the breast and its relationship with lymphocyte infiltration and clinicopathological characteristics. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1248015. [PMID: 28123884 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1248015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is composed of many immune cell subpopulations and is an important factor in the malignant progression of neoplasms, particularly breast cancer (BC). However, the cytokine networks that coordinate various regulatory events within the BC interstitium remain largely uncharacterized. Moreover, the data obtained regarding the origin of cytokine secretions, the levels of secretion associated with tumor development, and the possible clinical relevance of cytokines remain controversial. Therefore, we profiled 27 cytokines in 78 breast tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) samples, 43 normal interstitial fluid (NIF) samples, and 25 matched serum samples obtained from BC patients with Luminex xMAP multiplex technology. Eleven cytokines exhibited significantly higher levels in the TIF samples compared with the NIF samples: interleukin (IL)-7, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor-2, IL-13, interferon (IFN)γ-inducible protein (IP-10), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β, IL-1β, chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES), vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-12. An immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated that IL-1RA, IP-10, IL-10, PDGF-β, RANTES, and VEGF are widely expressed by both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), whereas IP-10 and RANTES were preferentially abundant in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) compared to Luminal A subtype cancers. The latter observation corresponds with the high level of TILs in the TNBC samples. IL-1β, IL-7, IL-10, and PDGFβ also exhibited a correlation between the TIF samples and matched sera. In a survival analysis, high levels of IL-5, a hallmark TH2 cytokine, in the TIF samples were associated with a worse prognosis. These findings have important implications for BC immunotherapy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Richa Batra
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Timmermans Wielenga
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj-Lis Møller Talman
- Department of Pathology, Center of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Irina Gromova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Cancer Proteomics Group , Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guðbrandsdottir G, Hjelle KM, Frugård J, Bostad L, Aarstad HJ, Beisland C. Preoperative high levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor are a prognostic marker for poor outcome after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol 2016; 49:388-94. [PMID: 25773545 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1021833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood taken preoperatively can predict subtype, survival and recurrence in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient group consisted of 124 patients with an RCC that was surgically removed with nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery at Haukeland University Hospital from 2007 to 2010. All subtypes and stages were included. Preoperative blood samples were taken on the day of surgery, and the samples were prepared and frozen at -80 °C. The level of VEGF in serum was analysed using Luminex® immunobead technology. The patients were followed until death or to 31 October 2014 (>4.5 years). RESULTS Patients with higher levels of VEGF were more likely to have clear cell RCC [odds ratio (OR) 2.43, p = 0.046], as were older patients (OR 1.04, p = 0.024). In a multivariate analysis, high VEGF, stage and nuclear grade all had a significant predictive value for cancer-specific survival (OR 4.56, p = 0.017; OR 11.54, p < 0.001; and OR 7.85, p = 0.015, respectively). VEGF, stage and nuclear grade predicted recurrence in patients presumed to have been radically treated (OR 4.37, p = 0.03; OR 5.02, p = 0.011; and OR 6.57, p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tumour stage and a high level of serum VEGF were predictors for an increased risk of recurrence and cancer-specific death. Furthermore, the study showed that serum VEGF may be used to determine the subtype of RCC preoperatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin M Hjelle
- a Departments of 1Urology, Haukeland University Hospital.,b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Bostad
- b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway.,c 3 Department of Pathology
| | - Hans J Aarstad
- b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway.,d 4 Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Beisland
- a Departments of 1Urology, Haukeland University Hospital.,b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dielmann A, Letsch A, Nonnenmacher A, Miller K, Keilholz U, Busse A. Favorable prognostic influence of T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin in metastatic renal cell cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:181-92. [PMID: 26753694 PMCID: PMC11029520 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factors, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) encoded by Tbx21 and Eomesodermin (Eomes), drive the differentiation of effector/memory T cell lineages and NK cells. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic influence of the expression of these transcription factors in peripheral blood (pB) in a cohort of 41 metastatic (m) RCC patients before receiving sorafenib treatment and to analyze their association with the immunophenotype in pB. In contrast to Tbx21, in the multivariate analysis including clinical features, Eomes mRNA expression was identified as an independent good prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.042) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.001) in addition to a favorable ECOG performance status (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008, respectively). Eomes expression correlated positively not only with expression of Tbx21 and TGFβ1 mRNA, but also with mRNA expression of the activation marker ICOS, and with in vivo activated HLA-DR(+) T cells. Eomes expression was negatively associated with TNFα-producing T cells. On protein level, Eomes was mainly expressed by CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells in pB. In conclusion, we identified a higher Eomes mRNA expression as an independent good prognostic factor for OS and PFS in mRCC patients treated with sorafenib.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dielmann
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Letsch
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Nonnenmacher
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Busse
- Department of Medicine III (Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology), Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Becht E, Giraldo NA, Germain C, de Reyniès A, Laurent-Puig P, Zucman-Rossi J, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Immune Contexture, Immunoscore, and Malignant Cell Molecular Subgroups for Prognostic and Theranostic Classifications of Cancers. Adv Immunol 2016; 130:95-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
41
|
IL-37 mediates the antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:250. [PMID: 26464282 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 is a natural suppressor of innate inflammatory and immune responses. IL-37 plays an important role in renal function and antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-37 in renal cell carcinoma (Rcc). Serum IL-37 levels in 120 Rcc patients and 50 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Rcc cell lines A498 and Caki-1 were cultured with 0-100 ng/mL of recombinant human IL-37 protein (rhIL-37). Cancer cells were transfected with or without pcDNA3.1-IL-6 to alter IL-6 expression. Cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis were tested by wound-healing assay, MTT, and flow cytometry, respectively. Levels of IL-6, pSTAT3 Y705, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA, or western blot. Additionally, therapeutic effect of rhIL-37 was also confirmed in SCID mice. The expression of IL-37 was decreased in Rcc patients and was negatively correlated with tumor progression. In vitro, IL-37 markedly inhibited the migration and proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in Rcc cells. Furthermore, the expressions of IL-6, pSTAT3 Y705, HIF-1α, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 were decreased by IL-37. However, these effects were reversed by the transfection of pcDNA3.1-IL-6. In vivo, tumor growth and gene expressions of IL-6 and HIF-1α were suppressed by IL-37. In conclusion, IL-37 might serve as a novel tumor suppressor in Rcc and exert its antitumor activity through inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kamińska K, Czarnecka AM, Escudier B, Lian F, Szczylik C. Interleukin-6 as an emerging regulator of renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:476-85. [PMID: 26296264 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge on the molecular basis of kidney cancer metastasisis still relatively low. About 25-30% of patients suffering from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)present metastatic disease at the time of primary diagnosis. Only 10% of patients diagnosed with stage IV disease survive 5 years and 20-50% of patients diagnosed with localized tumor develop metastases within 3 years. High mortality of patients with this cancer is associated with a large potential for metastasis and resistance to oncologic treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy. Literature data based on studies conducted on other types of cancers suggest that in metastatic ccRCC, the complex of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R; complex IL-6/sIL-6R) and the signal transduction pathway (gp130/STAT3) might play a key role in this process. PURPOSE Therefore, in this review we focus on the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathways as a factor for development and spread of RCC. Analyzing the molecular basis of cancer spreading will enable the development of prognostic tests, evaluate individual predisposition for metastasis, and produce drugs that target metastases. As the development of effective systemic treatments evolve from advancements in molecular biology, continued studies directed at understanding the genetic and molecular complexities of this disease are critical to improve RCC treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fei Lian
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Present and future perspectives on immunotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Going to the core or beating around the bush? J Kidney Cancer VHL 2015; 2:55-63. [PMID: 28326259 PMCID: PMC5345540 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occasionally regress spontaneously after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Although this is an exceptionally rare occurrence, RCC has thus been postulated to be immunogenic. Immunotherapies, including cytokine therapy, peptide-based vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have therefore been used to treat patients with advanced, metastatic RCC. We review the history, trends, and recent progress in immunotherapy for advanced RCC and discuss future perspectives, with consideration of our experimental work on galectin 9 and PINCH as promising specific immunotherapy targets.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim CS, Kim Y, Kwon T, Yoon JH, Kim KH, You D, Hong JH, Ahn H, Jeong IG. Regulatory T cells and TGF-β1 in clinically localized renal cell carcinoma: Comparison with age-matched healthy controls. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:113.e19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
45
|
Comparison of circulating and intratumoral regulatory T cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3727-34. [PMID: 25563193 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clear evidence that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) exists in the tumor microenvironment raises the question why renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progresses. Numerous studies support the implication of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T (Treg) cells in RCC development. We aimed in this study to characterize the phenotype and function of circulating and intratumoral Treg cells of RCC patient in order to evaluate their implication in the inhibition of the local antitumor immune response. Our results demonstrate that the proportion of Treg in TIL was, in average, similar to that found in circulating CD4(+) T cells of patients or healthy donors. However, intratumoral Treg exhibit a marked different phenotype when compared with the autologous circulating Treg. A higher CD25 mean level, HLA-DR, Fas, and GITR, and a lower CD45RA expression were observed in intratumoral Treg, suggesting therefore that these cells are effector in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, intratumoral Treg showed a higher inhibitory function on autologous CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells when compared with circulating Treg that may be explained by an overexpression of FoxP3 transcription factor. These findings suggest that intratumoral Treg could be major actors in the impairment of local antitumor immune response for RCC patients.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chong TW, Goh FY, Sim MY, Huang HH, Thike AA, Thike DAA, Lim WK, Teh BT, Tan PH. CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma is associated with higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival. J Clin Pathol 2014; 68:200-5. [PMID: 25477528 PMCID: PMC4345982 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims We hypothesised that CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may play a role in modifying the host immune response. Our aims were to investigate the expression of CD1d and to correlate this with histopathology and clinical outcomes in a cohort study of patients with RCC. Methods Gene expression and tissue microarray studies on a panel of RCC tissue were performed. Clinicopathological correlation was analysed using χ2/Fisher's exact test. Relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival were calculated for both CD1d high and low expressors. Survival outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using Cox regression analysis. Results Gene expression microarray showed significant expression of CD1d in RCC versus normal renal tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we found that CD1d expression significantly associated with tumour stage/grade, higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival. Conclusions CD1d expression on RCC correlated with aggressive disease and poorer clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung Wen Chong
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fera Yiqian Goh
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yi Sim
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Hong Huang
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daw Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peng YP, Zhang JJ, Liang WB, Tu M, Lu ZP, Wei JS, Jiang KR, Gao WT, Wu JL, Xu ZK, Miao Y, Zhu Y. Elevation of MMP-9 and IDO induced by pancreatic cancer cells mediates natural killer cell dysfunction. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:738. [PMID: 25274283 PMCID: PMC4287420 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in non-specific immune response in different cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However the anti-tumor effect of NK cells decreases during pancreatic cancer progression. The regulatory pathways by which NK cells facilitate tumor immune escape are unclear, therefore our purpose was to investigate the roles of the contributory factors. Methods NK cells isolated from fresh healthy peripheral blood were co-cultured with normal human pancreatic ductal cells hTERT-HPNE and human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and BxPc-3 in vitro. Then NK cell function was determined by Flow cytometric analysis of surface receptors and cytotoxic granules in NK cells, NK cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cytokines. Expression level of MMP-9, IDO and COX-2 in hTERT-HPNE and SW1990 cells were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Statistical differences between data groups were determined by independent t-tests using SPSS 19.0 software. Results Our results showed that NK cell function was significantly downregulated following exposure to pancreatic cancer cells compared to normal pancreatic cells, as demonstrated by lower expressions of activating surface receptors (NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30 and NKp46) and cytotoxic granules (Perforin and Granzyme B); decreased secretion of cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ); and reduced cytotoxicity against myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. Further investigations revealed that MMP-9 and IDO may be implicated in SW1990 cell-induced NK cell dysfunction by facilitating tumor immune evasion. Blockade by TIMP-1 and/or 1-MT could partially restore NK function. Conclusions Taken together, elevation of MMP-9 and IDO induced by pancreatic cancer cells mediates NK cell dysfunction. Our findings could contribute to the development of NK cell-based immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lu J, Zhao J, Feng H, Wang P, Zhang Z, Zong Y, Ma J, Zheng M, Lu A. Antitumor efficacy of CC motif chemokine ligand 19 in colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2153-62. [PMID: 24705643 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the function of CC motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed separately to detect the expression of CCL19 in colorectal carcinoma tissues. The expression of CCL19 and its receptor (CCR7) in CRC cell lines were screened by Western blot. SW620, SW1116 and LoVo cell lines were screened and processed with recombinant human CCL19 (rhCCL19) or si-CCL19 RNA. Cell proliferation assay and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, respectively. And the role of proangiogenesis was checked by endothelial tube formation assay. RESULTS qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed that both CCL19 mRNA and protein were obviously expressed in a lower degree in CRC tissues than normal tissues (P < 0.01). The CCL19 expression correlated with tumor size (P = 0.03) and invasion depth (P = 0.04) in a negative manner and CCL19-positive patients had longer lifespans (P < 0.05). SW620 and SW1116 cells were screened as CCL19/CCR7 high-expression cells, while LoVo was selected as CCL19/CCR7 low-expression cell among seven CRC cell lines by Western blot. The proliferation, migration, invasion and proangiogenesis of SW620 and SW1116 cells were distinctly suppressed after they were stimulated by rhCCL19 (P < 0.05), and the data presented dose-dependency. Oppositely, these abilities were significantly enhanced after CCL19 gene was silenced (P < 0.05). However, the effects of rhCCL19 and si-CCL19 RNA on LoVo were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our research findings indicate that CCL19 may play a suppressive role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Second Ruijin Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cella D, Jensen SE, Hahn EA, Beaumont JL, Korytowsky B, Bhattacharyya H, Motzer R. Fatigue in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving sunitinib on an intermittent versus continuous dosing schedule in a randomized phase II trial. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1353-8. [PMID: 25044922 PMCID: PMC4302685 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A phase II trial in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) found no benefit in efficacy or safety between patients receiving oral sunitinib 50 mg/day for 4 weeks followed by 2-week off-treatment (Schedule 4/2) and those receiving 37.5 mg continuous daily sunitinib. We hypothesized that fatigue would have a more variable “on-off” effect with the 4/2 schedule. A total of 292 patients completed two fatigue-related items on Days 1 and 29 of each treatment cycle. Mean absolute slopes were compared across treatments. A planned analysis of item “I feel fatigued” demonstrated that the mean absolute slope was greater in Schedule 4/2 compared to continuous dosing (0.042 vs. 0.032, P = 0.003), and analysis based on the change from Day 1 to Day 29 (0.52 vs. 0.21, P = 0.002) and, separately, Day 29 to the next Day 1 (−0.38 vs. −0.05, P < 0.001) showed the changes to be significantly larger in Schedule 4/2 than continuous dosing. “I have a lack of energy” showed a similar pattern graphically, however, the planned analysis was not statistically significant based on the absolute slopes but was when Day 1 to Day 29 and Day 29 to Day 1 changes were analyzed separately. The 4/2 arm was associated with a greater degree of variability in fatigue reflecting a possible “on-off” effect whereby patients receiving the 4/2 schedule reported less fatigue at the beginning of each cycle compared to Day 29. The findings can inform care for individuals with advanced RCC receiving intermittent dosing of sunitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kawashima H, Obayashi A, Kawamura M, Masaki S, Tamada S, Iguchi T, Uchida J, Kuratsukuri K, Tanaka T, Nakatani T. Galectin 9 and PINCH, novel immunotherapy targets of renal cell carcinoma: a rationale to find potential tumour antigens and the resulting cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by the derived peptides. BJU Int 2014; 113:320-32. [PMID: 24895689 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse and then generalize the mechanism by which partial or complete response is achieved among a limited number of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with interferon or interleukin-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expression library of RCC (clear-cell carcinoma) was screened using the sera of patients with metastatic RCC who benefited from partial or complete response to cytokine therapy, the postulation being that those remarkable responders obtained specific cellular immunity against RCC with the antibodies to react with the cancer antigen. Peripheral blood mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers were stimulated with the antigen-derived peptides to induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Specific activities of CTLs were measured by ⁵¹Cr-releasing assay. RESULTS Among 15 positive clones isolated, two novel genes, galectin 9 and PINCH, were expressed at much higher levels in cancerous lesions than in normal tissues in all the patients with clear-cell carcinoma who were examined. Both HLA-A*2402-restricted and HLA-A*0201-restricted CTLs were induced by each antigen-derived peptide to exhibit specific and highly cytotoxic activities towards RCC cells. Specific CTLs were induced abundantly, as shown by flow cytometry analysis of the CTLs labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate anti-CD107a and APC anti-CD8. The clonal expansion of the CTLs was shown by the clonality of T-cell receptor Vβ repertoires. CONCLUSION A novel approach based on clinical observations yielded promising tumour antigens as immunotherapy targets of RCC.
Collapse
|