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Launonen KM, Varis V, Aaltonen N, Niskanen EA, Varjosalo M, Paakinaho V, Palvimo JJ. Central role of SUMOylation in the regulation of chromatin interactions and transcriptional outputs of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae653. [PMID: 39106160 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is pivotal in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and represents a critical therapeutic target. AR-mediated gene regulation involves intricate interactions with nuclear proteins, with many mediating and undergoing post-translational modifications that present alternative therapeutic avenues. Through chromatin proteomics in PCa cells, we identified SUMO ligases together with nuclear receptor coregulators and pioneer transcription factors within the AR's protein network. Intriguingly, this network displayed a significant association with SUMO2/3. To elucidate the influence of SUMOylation on AR chromatin interactions and subsequent gene regulation, we inhibited SUMOylation using ML-792 (SUMOi). While androgens generally facilitated the co-occupancy of SUMO2/3 and AR on chromatin, SUMOi induced divergent effects dependent on the type of AR-binding site (ARB). SUMOi augmented AR's pioneer-like binding on inaccessible chromatin regions abundant in androgen response elements (AREs) and diminished its interaction with accessible chromatin regions sparse in AREs yet rich in pioneer transcription factor motifs. The SUMOi-impacted ARBs divergently influenced AR-regulated genes; those associated with AR-mediated activation played roles in negative regulation of cell proliferation, while those with AR-mediated repression were involved in pattern formation. In conclusion, our findings underscore the pervasive influence of SUMOylation in shaping AR's role in PCa cells, potentially unveiling new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa-Mari Launonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vera Varis
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Aaltonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE-Proteomics Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Cormier SA, Kappen C. Identification of a Chondrocyte-Specific Enhancer in the Hoxc8 Gene. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38390956 PMCID: PMC10885077 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hox genes encode transcription factors whose roles in patterning animal body plans during embryonic development are well-documented. Multiple studies demonstrate that Hox genes continue to act in adult cells, in normal differentiation, in regenerative processes, and, with abnormal expression, in diverse types of cancers. However, surprisingly little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that govern Hox gene expression in specific cell types, as they differentiate during late embryonic development, and in the adult organism. The murine Hoxc8 gene determines the identity of multiple skeletal elements in the lower thoracic and lumbar region and continues to play a role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells in cartilage as the skeleton matures. This study was undertaken to identify regulatory elements in the Hoxc8 gene that control transcriptional activity, specifically in cartilage-producing chondrocytes. We report that an enhancer comprising two 416 and 224 bps long interacting DNA elements produces reporter gene activity when assayed on a heterologous transcriptional promoter in transgenic mice. This enhancer is distinct in spatial, temporal, and molecular regulation from previously identified regulatory sequences in the Hoxc8 gene that control its expression in early development. The identification of a tissue-specific Hox gene regulatory element now allows mechanistic investigations into Hox transcription factor expression and function in differentiating cell types and adult tissues and to specifically target these cells during repair processes and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania A. Cormier
- Department of Respiratory Immunology and Toxicology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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3
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Weng M, Lai Y, Ge X, Gu W, Zhang X, Li L, Sun M. HOXC6: A promising biomarker linked to an immunoevasive microenvironment in colorectal cancer based on TCGA analysis and cohort validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23500. [PMID: 38192826 PMCID: PMC10772581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
HOXC6 plays an essential part of the carcinogenesis of solid tumors, but its functional relevance within the immune contexture in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. We intended to investigate the predictive value of HOXC6 expression for survival outcomes and its correlation with immune contexture in CRC patients by utilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas database (n = 619). Validation was performed in cohorts from Zhongshan Hospital (n = 200) and Shanghai Cancer Center (n = 300). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was utilized to compare the levels of immunocytes infiltrating the tumor between the groups with high and low expression of HOXC6. Elevated levels of HOXC6 expression in CRC tissues were linked to malignant progression and poor prognosis. HOXC6 as a risk factor for survival of CRC patients was confirmed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed its diagnostic value, and a reliable prognostic nomogram was constructed. KEGG analysis and GSEA showed that HOXC6 participated in immune regulation, and its expression was tightly linked to the abundance of infiltrating immunocytes. HOXC6 was upregulated in patients diagnosed with CRC within the two cohorts, and high HOXC6 levels were correlated with a worse prognosis. The high-HOXC6 expression group showed increased infiltration of Treg cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD66b+ neutrophils, and CD8+ T-cells and elevated levels of PD-L1 and PD-1, but decreased levels of granzyme B and perforin. These findings suggest that HOXC6 abundance in patients with CRC determines a poor prognosis, promotes an immunoevasive environment, and directs CD8+ T-cell dysfunction. HOXC6 is expected to become a prospective biomarker for the outcome of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuling Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Faculty of medicine, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xixue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221, West Yan'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Patel RA, Sayar E, Coleman I, Roudier MP, Hanratty B, Low JY, Jaiswal N, Ajkunic A, Dumpit R, Ercan C, Salama N, O’Brien VP, Isaacs WB, Epstein JI, De Marzo AM, Trock BJ, Luo J, Brennen WN, Tretiakova M, Vakar-Lopez F, True LD, Goodrich DW, Corey E, Morrissey C, Nelson PS, Hurley PJ, Gulati R, Haffner MC. Characterization of HOXB13 expression patterns in localized and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Pathol 2024; 262:105-120. [PMID: 37850574 PMCID: PMC10871027 DOI: 10.1002/path.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
HOXB13 is a key lineage homeobox transcription factor that plays a critical role in the differentiation of the prostate gland. Several studies have suggested that HOXB13 alterations may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. Despite its potential biological relevance, little is known about the expression of HOXB13 across the disease spectrum of prostate cancer. To this end, we validated a HOXB13 antibody using genetic controls and investigated HOXB13 protein expression in murine and human developing prostates, localized prostate cancers, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers. We observed that HOXB13 expression increases during later stages of murine prostate development. All localized prostate cancers showed HOXB13 protein expression. Interestingly, lower HOXB13 expression levels were observed in higher-grade tumors, although no significant association between HOXB13 expression and recurrence or disease-specific survival was found. In advanced metastatic prostate cancers, HOXB13 expression was retained in the majority of tumors. While we observed lower levels of HOXB13 protein and mRNA levels in tumors with evidence of lineage plasticity, 84% of androgen receptor-negative castration-resistant prostate cancers and neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPCs) retained detectable levels of HOXB13. Notably, the reduced expression observed in NEPCs was associated with a gain of HOXB13 gene body CpG methylation. In comparison to the commonly used prostate lineage marker NKX3.1, HOXB13 showed greater sensitivity in detecting advanced metastatic prostate cancers. Additionally, in a cohort of 837 patients, 383 with prostatic and 454 with non-prostatic tumors, we found that HOXB13 immunohistochemistry had a 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity for prostatic origin. Taken together, our studies provide valuable insight into the expression pattern of HOXB13 during prostate development and cancer progression. Furthermore, our findings support the utility of HOXB13 as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer, particularly to confirm the prostatic origin of advanced metastatic castration-resistant tumors. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika A. Patel
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erolcan Sayar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Brian Hanratty
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jin-Yih Low
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Azra Ajkunic
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Salama
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Valerie P. O’Brien
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Epstein
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bruce J. Trock
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Maria Tretiakova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paula J. Hurley
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman Gulati
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Olatoke T, Wagner A, Astrinidis A, Zhang EY, Guo M, Zhang AG, Mattam U, Kopras EJ, Gupta N, Smith EP, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Whitsett JA, McCormack FX, Xu Y, Yu JJ. Single-cell multiomic analysis identifies a HOX-PBX gene network regulating the survival of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8549. [PMID: 37163604 PMCID: PMC10171823 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive lung disease that predominantly affects women. LAM cells carry TSC1/TSC2 mutations, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and uncontrolled cell growth. mTORC1 inhibitors stabilize lung function; however, sustained efficacy requires long-term administration, and some patients fail to tolerate or respond to therapy. Although the genetic basis of LAM is known, mechanisms underlying LAM pathogenesis remain elusive. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nuclei ATAC-seq of LAM lungs to construct a gene regulatory network controlling the transcriptional program of LAM cells. We identified activation of uterine-specific HOX-PBX transcriptional programs in pulmonary LAMCORE cells as regulators of cell survival depending upon HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization. Accordingly, blockage of HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization by HXR9 suppressed LAM cell survival in vitro and in vivo. PBX1 regulated STAT1/3, increased the expression of antiapoptotic genes, and promoted LAM cell survival in vitro. The HOX-PBX gene network provides promising targets for treatment of LAM/TSC mTORC1-hyperactive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Olatoke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andrew Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erik Y. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alan G. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ushodaya Mattam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Eric P. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jane J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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6
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Juárez-Rendón KJ, Castro-García MA, Prada-Ortega DG, Rivera G, Ruíz-Godoy LM, Enríquez-Cárcamo VI, Reyes-Lopez MA. Variants Identified in the HOXC13 and HOXD13 Genes Suggest Association with Cervical Cancer in a Cohort of Mexican Women. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020358. [PMID: 36833285 PMCID: PMC9957514 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX genes have been associated with carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which tumors are generated remains unclear. The HOXC13 and HOXD13 genes are of interest for their involvement in the development of genitourinary structures. The aim of this first study in the Mexican population was to search for and analyze variants in the coding region of the HOXC13 and HOXD13 genes in women with cervical cancer. Samples from Mexican women with cervical cancer and healthy women were sequenced (50/50). Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between groups. The functional impact of the proteins was determined with two bioinformatics servers (SIFT and PolyPhen-2), and the oncogenic potential of the identified nonsynonymous variants was determined using the CGI server. We identified five unreported gene variants: c.895C>A p.(Leu299Ile) and c.777C>T p.(Arg259Arg) in the HOXC13 gene and c.128T>A p.(Phe43Tyr), c.204G>A p.(Ala68Ala), and c.267G>A p.(Ser89Ser) in the HOXD13 gene. In this study, we suggest that the non-synonymous variants c.895C>A p.(Leu299Ile) and c.128T>A p.(Phe43Tyr) could represent a risk factor for the development of the disease, although additional studies in larger patient populations and in different ethnic groups are needed in order to support the results observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Janett Juárez-Rendón
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n. Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Castro-García
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n. Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Diddier Giovanni Prada-Ortega
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Unit for Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City 14080, Mexico
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n. Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel Angel Reyes-Lopez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n. Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557296000 (ext. 87751)
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7
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Miller KJ, Henry I, Maylin Z, Smith C, Arunachalam E, Pandha H, Asim M. A compendium of Androgen Receptor Variant 7 target genes and their role in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1129140. [PMID: 36937454 PMCID: PMC10014620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1129140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the main driver of prostate cancer (PCa). Truncated isoforms of the AR called androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) lacking the ligand binding domain often emerge during treatment resistance against AR pathway inhibitors such as Enzalutamide. This review discusses how AR-Vs drive a more aggressive form of PCa through the regulation of some of their target genes involved in oncogenic pathways, enabling disease progression. There is a pressing need for the development of a new generation of AR inhibitors which can repress the activity of both the full-length AR and AR-Vs, for which the knowledge of differentially expressed target genes will allow evaluation of inhibition efficacy. This review provides a detailed account of the most common variant, AR-V7, the AR-V7 regulated genes which have been experimentally validated, endeavours to understand their relevance in aggressive AR-V driven PCa and discusses the utility of the downstream protein products as potential drug targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Maylin
- *Correspondence: Zoe Maylin, ; Mohammad Asim,
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8
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Setti Boubaker N, Gurtner A, Trabelsi N, Manni I, Blel A, Saadi A, Chakroun M, Naimi Z, Zaghbib S, Ksontini M, Meddeb K, Rammeh S, Ayed H, Chebil M, Piaggio G, Ouerhani S. An insight into the diagnostic and prognostic value of
HOX A13
’s expression in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24606. [PMID: 35853090 PMCID: PMC9459288 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have interrogated the molecular pathways and their interacting genes underlying bladder cancer (BCa) tumorigenesis, yet, the role of homeobox genes is still poorly understood. Specifically, HOXA13, which plays an important role as a major actor in the urogenital tract's development. Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to inspect the differential expression of HOXA13 protein in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and non‐tumoral tissues. A semiquantitative scoring system was adopted to evaluate the IHC labeling. Correlation to clinical parameters was performed by descriptive statistics. Overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. The functional HOX A13 protein association networks (PPI) were obtained using String 11.0 database. Results HOX A13 exhibited cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Its expression levels were lower in high‐grade NMIBC (HG NMIBC) compared to low‐grade ones (LG NMIBC). The expression of HOX A13 was correlated to tumor grade (LG/HG) (p = 0.036) and stage (TA/T1) (p = 0.036). Nevertheless, its expression was not correlated to clinical parameters and was not able to predict the overall survival of patients with HG NMIBC. Finally, PPI analysis revealed that HOX A13 seems to be a part of a molecular network holding mainly PBX1, MEIS, ALDH1A2, HOX A10, and HOX A11. Conclusion The deregulation of HOX A13 is not associated with the prognosis of BCa. It seems to be rather implicated in the early initiation of urothelial tumorigenesis and thus may serve as a diagnostic marker in patients with NMIBC. Further experimentations on larger validation sets are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Setti Boubaker
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP‐MB) INSAT University of Tunis Carthage Tunis Tunisia
- UOSD SAFU Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies IRCCS‐Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies IRCCS‐Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy
| | - Nesrine Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP‐MB) INSAT University of Tunis Carthage Tunis Tunisia
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies IRCCS‐Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
| | - Ahlem Blel
- Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Saadi
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Marouene Chakroun
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Naimi
- Medical Oncology Department Faculty of Medicine Salah Azaiez Institute University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Meriam Ksontini
- Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Khedija Meddeb
- Medical Oncology Department Faculty of Medicine Salah Azaiez Institute University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Haroun Ayed
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chebil
- Urology Department Faculty of Medicine Charles Nicolle Hospital University of Tunis‐El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies IRCCS‐Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP‐MB) INSAT University of Tunis Carthage Tunis Tunisia
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9
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Gao DZ, Yang YS, Wang Z, Zhao XF. Expression profile and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:140-148. [PMID: 35296171 DOI: 10.1177/17246008221076151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of HOXB13 in rectal cancer. METHODS HOXB13 expression in rectal cancer and normal adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and its clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were statistically tested. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between tumor immune infiltrating cells and HOXB13 using the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database. The potential biological mechanism associated with HOXB13 overexpression was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS The expression of HOXB13 messenger RNA and protein in human rectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). HOXB13 expression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and pathological tumor node metastasis stage (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed that HOXB13 overexpression was correlated negatively with overall survival and disease-free survival in rectal cancer (P < 0.05). Also, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that HOXB13 expression, age, and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors in rectal cancer (P < 0.05). Plus, the results from the TIMER database indicated that HOXB13 expression has a significant association with several immune cell infiltrates. Finally, the GSEA results indicated that HOXB13 participated in the various immune-associated processes, including natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study showed an essential role of HOXB13 in rectal cancer immunity and prognosis. Significantly, the overexpression of HOXB13 leads to the worse prognosis for patients with rectal cancer, which will contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms associated with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Gao
- Department of General Surgery, 194043Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 194043Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, 194043Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, 194043Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
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10
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Arunachalam E, Rogers W, Simpson GR, Möller-Levet C, Bolton G, Ismael M, Smith C, Keegen K, Bagwan I, Brend T, Short SC, Hong B, Otani Y, Kaur B, Annels N, Morgan R, Pandha H. HOX and PBX gene dysregulation as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:400. [PMID: 35418059 PMCID: PMC9006463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade malignant brain tumour in adults and arises from the glial cells in the brain. The prognosis of treated GBM remains very poor with 5-year survival rates of 5%, a figure which has not improved over the last few decades. Currently, there is a modest 14-month overall median survival in patients undergoing maximum safe resection plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. HOX gene dysregulation is now a widely recognised feature of many malignancies. METHODS In this study we have focused on HOX gene dysregulation in GBM as a potential therapeutic target in a disease with high unmet need. RESULTS We show significant dysregulation of these developmentally crucial genes and specifically that HOX genes A9, A10, C4 and D9 are strong candidates for biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM and GBM cancer stem cells. We evaluated a next generation therapeutic peptide, HTL-001, capable of targeting HOX gene over-expression in GBM by disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their co-factor, PBX. HTL-001 induced both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in GBM cell lines. CONCLUSION In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that the peptide was able to cross the blood brain barrier. Systemic delivery of HTL-001 resulted in improved control of subcutaneous murine and human xenograft tumours and improved survival in a murine orthotopic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einthavy Arunachalam
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - William Rogers
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Carla Möller-Levet
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Gemma Bolton
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Mohammed Ismael
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Christopher Smith
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Karl Keegen
- Surrey Technology Centre, HOX Therapeutics Ltd, Unit 2440 Occam Rd, Guildford, GU2 7YG, UK
| | - Izhar Bagwan
- Department of Pathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, GU2 7XX, Surrey, UK
| | - Tim Brend
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Susan C Short
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicola Annels
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, St Mary's Road, Ealing, London, W5 5RF, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
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11
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A Systematic Review on HOX Genes as Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: An Emerging Role of HOXB9. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413429. [PMID: 34948228 PMCID: PMC8707253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that Homeobox (HOX) genes are important in carcinogenesis, and their dysregulation has been linked with metastatic potential and poor prognosis. This review (PROSPERO-CRD42020190953) aims to systematically investigate the role of HOX genes as biomarkers in CRC and the impact of their modulation on tumour growth and progression. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible studies exploring two research questions: (a) the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HOX dysregulation in patients with CRC and (b) the functional role of HOX genes in CRC progression. Twenty-five studies enrolling 3003 CRC patients, showed that aberrant expression of HOX proteins was significantly related to tumour depth, nodal invasion, distant metastases, advanced stage and poor prognosis. A post-hoc meta-analysis on HOXB9 showed that its overexpression was significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases (pooled OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.64–10.43, I2 = 0%, p = 0.003). Twenty-two preclinical studies showed that HOX proteins are crucially related to tumour growth and metastatic potential by affecting cell proliferation and altering the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulators. In conclusion, HOX proteins may play vital roles in CRC progression and are associated with overall survival. HOXB9 may be a critical transcription factor in CRC.
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12
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Wang MQ, Yin QY, Chen YR, Zhu SL. Diagnostic and prognostic value of HOXC family members in gastric cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4907-4923. [PMID: 34751593 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: HOX clusters encode proteins that play pivotal roles in regulating transcription factors and many other proteins during embryogenesis. However, little is known about the diagnostic and prognostic values of HOXC family members in gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods: The authors evaluated the data in patients with GC based on bioinformatics analysis. Results: HOXC6/8/9/10/11/13 were overexpressed in GC and associated with a poor prognosis. HOXC4/5 were downregulated in GC tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that they have high diagnostic value. In addition, HOXC4/5/6/9/10/11/13 were negatively correlated with DNA methylation level. The gene set enrichment analysis results implied that they play essential roles in multiple biological processes underlying tumorigenesis. Conclusion: HOXC family members are potential targets for diagnosis and may work as prognostic biomarkers of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Yun Yin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen-Lin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li Y, Ma K, Xie Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen K, Kong L, Qian R. Identification of HOXD10 as a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5183-5195. [PMID: 34737577 PMCID: PMC8558040 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s336225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose HOXD10 is a tumor modulator that can either be a tumor-suppressor or a tumor-promoting gene. However, the role of HOXD10 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to detect protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM and normal brain tissue patients. Clinicopathological characteristics with GBM were recorded, and a Kaplan–Meier curve was plotted. Additionally, the mRNA expression of HOXD10 and its effect on prognosis were analyzed using the online tool GEPIA and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Based on the mRNA expression of HOXD10, GBM patients from TCGA database were divided into low- and high-HOXD10 expression groups to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Results The mRNA expression of HOXD10 was up-regulated in GBM according to GEPIA, while the protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM was down-regulated according to IHC analysis of samples from patients collected from our hospital. Correlation analysis showed that HOXD10 expression was significantly related to IDH1 status. Univariate analysis revealed that low HOXD10 expression, complete surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative temozolomide chemotherapy and IDH1 mutation were all beneficial prognostic factors. Further multivariate analysis revealed that only complete surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that HOXD10 expression is mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. In the ceRNA network, 89 nodes, containing 45 mRNAs, 39 miRNAs and five lncRNAs associated with prognosis were involved. The PPI network revealed a tight interaction between HOXD10 and HOXD8, HOXD9, HOXD11, HOXD13 and HOXB3. Conclusion Based on our experimental data, although HOXD10 expression is low in GBM compared with normal brain tissue, GBM patients with high HOXD10 expression have a worse prognosis. HOXD10 may play different or even opposite roles in different stages of GBM occurrence and development. For patients with GBM, HOXD10 may be a valid predictor of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kukkonen K, Taavitsainen S, Huhtala L, Uusi-Makela J, Granberg KJ, Nykter M, Urbanucci A. Chromatin and Epigenetic Dysregulation of Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3325. [PMID: 34283056 PMCID: PMC8268970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of chromatin and epigenetics has been defined as the overarching cancer hallmark. By disrupting transcriptional regulation in normal cells and mediating tumor progression by promoting cancer cell plasticity, this process has the ability to mediate all defined hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we collect and assess evidence on the contribution of chromatin and epigenetic dysregulation in prostate cancer. We highlight important mechanisms leading to prostate carcinogenesis, the emergence of castration-resistance upon treatment with androgen deprivation therapy, and resistance to antiandrogens. We examine in particular the contribution of chromatin structure and epigenetics to cell lineage commitment, which is dysregulated during tumorigenesis, and cell plasticity, which is altered during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konsta Kukkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Huhtala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Joonas Uusi-Makela
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Kirsi J. Granberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (K.K.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (J.U.-M.); (K.J.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Di Mauro A, Scognamiglio G, Aquino G, Cerrone M, Liguori G, Clemente O, Di Bonito M, Cantile M, Botti G, Tafuto S, Tatangelo F. Aberrant Expression of Long Non Coding RNA HOTAIR and De-Regulation of the Paralogous 13 HOX Genes Are Strongly Associated with Aggressive Behavior of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137049. [PMID: 34208964 PMCID: PMC8268982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare diseases occurring in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. They are characterized by the loss of epithelial tubular gland elements, and by the increased expression of neuroendocrine markers. GEP-NENs are subdivided into two histo-pathological types, gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs). According to WHO 2017 and 2019 classification criteria are graded and staged in four categories, NET-G1, NET-G2, NET-G3, and NEC-G3. The molecular characterization of these tumors can be fundamental for the identification of new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of the paralogous 13 HOX genes, normally involved in embryogenic development and frequently deregulated in human cancers, and of the HOX regulating lncRNA HOTAIR in GEP-NENs. The expression of HOX genes is gradually lost in the transition from GEP NET G1 to NET/NEC G3 tumors, while HOTAIR expression, inversely correlated with HOX genes expression and weakly expressed in low-grade GEP NENs, becomes aberrant in NET G3 and NEC G3 categories. Our data highlights their potential role in the molecular stratification of GEP-NENs by suggesting new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Di Mauro
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Margherita Cerrone
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Ottavia Clemente
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815903471; Fax: +39-0815903718
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.S.); (G.A.); (M.C.); (G.L.); (M.D.B.); (F.T.)
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Lee DH, Olson AW, Wang J, Kim WK, Mi J, Zeng H, Le V, Aldahl J, Hiroto A, Wu X, Sun Z. Androgen action in cell fate and communication during prostate development at single-cell resolution. Development 2021; 148:dev.196048. [PMID: 33318148 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Androgens/androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling pathways are essential for prostate development, morphogenesis and regeneration. Specifically, stromal AR signaling has been shown to be essential for prostatic initiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AR-initiated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in prostate development remain unclear. Here, using a newly generated mouse model, we have directly addressed the fate and role of genetically marked AR-expressing cells during embryonic prostate development. Androgen signaling-initiated signaling pathways were identified in mesenchymal niche populations at single-cell transcriptomic resolution. The dynamic cell-signaling networks regulated by stromal AR were additionally characterized in relation to prostatic epithelial bud formation. Pseudotime analyses further revealed the differentiation trajectory and fate of AR-expressing cells in both prostatic mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations. Specifically, the cellular properties of Zeb1-expressing progenitors were assessed. Selective deletion of AR signaling in a subpopulation of mesenchymal rather than epithelial cells dysregulated the expression of the master regulators and significantly impaired prostatic bud formation. These data provide novel, high-resolution evidence demonstrating the important role of mesenchymal androgen signaling in the cellular niche controlling prostate early development by initiating dynamic mesenchyme-epithelia cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam W Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hong Zeng
- Transgenic, Knockout and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vien Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joseph Aldahl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alex Hiroto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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17
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León-Mateos L, Abalo A, Casas H, Anido U, Rapado-González Ó, Vieito M, Suárez-Cunqueiro M, Gómez-Tato A, Abal M, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L. Global Gene Expression Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastasic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072066. [PMID: 32630240 PMCID: PMC7408664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current therapeutic options in the course of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) reinforce the need for reliable tools to characterize the tumor in a dynamic way. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as a viable solution to the problem, whereby patients with a variety of solid tumors, including PC, often do not have recent tumor tissue available for analysis. The biomarker characterization in CTCs could provide insights into the current state of the disease and an overall picture of the intra-tumor heterogeneity. Methods: in the present study, we applied a global gene expression characterization of the CTC population from mCRPC (n = 9), with the goal to better understand the biology of these cells and identify the relevant molecules favoring this tumor progression. Results: This analysis allowed the identification of 50 genes specifically expressed in CTCs from patients. Six of these markers (HOXB13, QKI, MAOA, MOSPD1, SDK1, and FGD4), were validated in a cohort of 28 mCRPC, showing clinical interest for the management of these patients. Of note, the activity of this CTC signature was related to the regulation of MYC, a gene strongly implicated in the biology of mCRPC. Conclusions: Overall, our results represent new evidence on the great value of CTCs as a non-invasive biopsy to characterize PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis León-Mateos
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.L.-M.); (U.A.); (M.S.-C.); (M.A.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Helena Casas
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Urbano Anido
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.L.-M.); (U.A.); (M.S.-C.); (M.A.)
| | - Óscar Rapado-González
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.A.); (H.C.)
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Vieito
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.L.-M.); (U.A.); (M.S.-C.); (M.A.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Tato
- School of Mathematics, University of Santiago de Compostela (Campus Vida), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.L.-M.); (U.A.); (M.S.-C.); (M.A.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.L.-M.); (U.A.); (M.S.-C.); (M.A.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.L.-L.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.A.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.-L.); (L.M.-R.)
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18
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Tsumura K, Arai E, Tian Y, Shibuya A, Nishihara H, Yotani T, Yamada Y, Takahashi Y, Maeshima AM, Fujimoto H, Nakagawa T, Kume H, Homma Y, Yoshida T, Kanai Y. Establishment of permutation for cancer risk estimation in the urothelium based on genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1308-1319. [PMID: 31241739 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish permutation for cancer risk estimation in the urothelium. Twenty-six samples of normal control urothelium obtained from patients without urothelial carcinomas (C), 47 samples of non-cancerous urothelium without noticeable morphological changes obtained from patients with urothelial carcinomas (N), and 46 samples of the corresponding cancerous tissue (T) in the learning cohort and 64 N samples in the validation cohort, i.e. 183 tissue samples in total, were analyzed. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip, and DNA methylation levels were verified using pyrosequencing and MassARRAY. Amplicon sequencing was performed using the GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Panels V2. Although N samples rarely showed genetic mutations or copy number alterations, they showed DNA methylation alterations at 2502 CpG sites compared to C samples, and such alterations were inherited by or strengthened in T samples, indicating that DNA methylation alterations may participate in field cancerization in the urothelium. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the feasibility of cancer risk estimation to identify urothelium at the precancerous stage by DNA methylation quantification. Cancer risk estimation permutation was established using a combination of two marker CpG loci on the HOXC4, TENM3 and TLR1 genes (sensitivity and specificity 96-100%). Among them, the diagnostic impact of 10 patterns of permutation was successfully validated in the validation cohort (sensitivity and specificity 94-98%). These data suggest that cancer risk estimation using procedures such as urine tests during health checkups might become applicable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsumura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Arai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Shibuya
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yotani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamada
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Yoriko Takahashi
- Biomedical Department, Cloud Service Division, IT Infrastructure Services Unit, Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyagi Maeshima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Li J, Ye M, Zhou C. Expression Profile and Prognostic Values of HOXA Family Members in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:368. [PMID: 32296636 PMCID: PMC7136465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox A cluster (HOXA) gene family, comprising 11 members, is involved in a wide spectrum of biological functions in human cancers. However, there is little research on the expression profile and prognostic values of HOXA genes in laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). Based on updated public resources and integrative bioinformatics analysis, we assessed the expression profile and prognostic values of the HOXA family members. Expression and methylation data on HOXA family members were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The prognostic values of HOXA members and clinical features were identified. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore the mechanism underlying the involvement of HOXA members in LSCC. The associations between tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs) and the HOXA family members were evaluated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. HOXA2 and HOXA4 were downregulated and HOXA7 and HOXA9–13 were upregulated in LSCC. Upregulation of HOXA10, HOXA11, and HOXA13, along with two clinical characteristics (M stage and gender), were associated with a poor LSCC prognosis based on the results of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Although there were no significant correlations between TIICs and HOXA members, the GSEA results indicated that HOXA members participate in multiple biological processes underlying tumorigenesis. This study comprehensively analyzed the HOXA members, providing insights for further investigation of the HOXA family members as potential targets in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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20
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Yang F, Liu D, Deng Y, Wang J, Mei S, Ge S, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang T. Frequent promoter methylation of HOXD10 in endometrial carcinoma and its pathological significance. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3602-3608. [PMID: 32269635 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox D 10 (HOXD10) is important in cell differentiation and morphogenesis and serves as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in a number of malignancies. The present study investigated its promoter methylation status and association with the clinicopathological features of endometrial cancer (EC), and measured HOXD10 protein expression levels. EC samples (n=62), including 50 endometroid adenocarcinoma (EA) and 12 mucinous endometrial carcinoma samples (EC) and 70 non-cancerous samples were collected. All samples were evaluated for the methylation status of several TSGs, including HOXD10, using methylation-specific PCR. HOXD10 expression level was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment was performed in the EC cell line Ishikawa to observe the change in HOXD10 expression levels. HOXD10 promoter methylation was more frequent in cancer samples (P<0.001). Downregulation of HOXD10 in EC samples was confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (P<0.001) and immunohistochemical staining was negatively associated with methylation status (P<0.05). Less HOXD10 protein was expressed in MEC compared with EA samples (P<0.001). The HOXD10 promoter was hypermethylated in both EA and MEC, causing decreased HOXD10 protein expression levels in EC cells. HOXD10 expression levels were partially reversed by 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of HOXD10 putatively contributed to the tumorigenesis of EA. Although there was no significant difference in HOXD10 methylation between EA and MEC, HOXD10 protein expression levels differed between these two diseases, indicating that it may be a useful protein biomarker for distinguishing between these two lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Mei
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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21
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Engrailed 2 (EN2) acts as a glioma suppressor by inhibiting tumor proliferation/invasion and enhancing sensitivity to temozolomide. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 32158355 PMCID: PMC7053055 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most malignant brain tumors and accounts for the majority of brain cancer related death. Despite progress on mechanistic studies, current understandings of the initiation and progression of glioma are still incomplete. Previous studies demonstrate that Engrailed-2 (EN2), a homeobox-containing transcription factor, is associated with tumorigenesis in a range of cancers heterogeneously, however, the profiles of EN2 expression and its potential functions in gliomas remain unclear. Methods Real-time PCR was used to identify the expression of EN2 in glioma tissues. To study the biological function of EN2 in glioma, we compared the cell viability and proliferation profiles between EN2 overexpressed and control cells using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, EdU incorporation assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining assays were performed to investigate the role of EN2 on glioma cell death. Finally, wound healing and transwell assays were carried out to investigate the role of EN2 on glioma cell invasion. Results We identified that EN2 was downregulated in human gliomas compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and negatively associated with glioma malignancy. Elevated EN2 expression inhibits cell proliferation, enhances glioma sensitivity to temozolomide and inhibits migration/invasion of glioma cells. Conclusions Our data identify a novel function of EN2 in glioma suppression and provide potential therapeutic targets for glioma therapy.
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22
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Silencing of HOXB9 suppresses cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Lempiäinen JK, Manjur ABMK, Malinen M, Ketola K, Niskanen EA, Palvimo JJ. BCOR-coupled H2A monoubiquitination represses a subset of androgen receptor target genes regulating prostate cancer proliferation. Oncogene 2020; 39:2391-2407. [PMID: 31925334 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have identified BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) as a hormone-dependent interaction partner of androgen receptor (AR), a key transcription factor in the development of normal and cancerous prostate. BCOR is often mutated in cancers and hematological diseases and as a component of a non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (ncPRC1.1) required for arranging many facets of cellular differentiation. However, its role in androgen signaling or prostate cancer cells remains unknown. Here, our genome-wide analyses reveal that BCOR is recruited in an androgen-dependent fashion to majority of AR-binding chromatin sites in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Interestingly, depletion of BCOR has a significant effect on the expression of androgen-repressed genes linked to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and development. At many of these genes, such as HOX genes, the depletion leads to a decrease in H2A K119 monoubiquitination and an increase in mRNA expression. Consistently, BCOR depletion impairs the proliferation and viability of CRPC cells, inducing their apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate a key role for the BCOR-ncPRC1.1 complex in the corepression of an important subset of AR target genes and the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari A Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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24
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Park CK, Shin SJ, Cho YA, Joo JW, Cho NH. HoxB13 expression in ductal type adenocarcinoma of prostate: clinicopathologic characteristics and its utility as potential diagnostic marker. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20205. [PMID: 31882852 PMCID: PMC6934792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The histologic criteria and selective biomarkers of prostate ductal type adenocarcinoma (DAC) are relatively unknown compared to that known about acinar type adenocarcinoma (AAC). It is known that genetic alteration in Hox13 gene is associated with carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated clinicopathologic characteristics of HoxB13 expression in prostate cancer and compared clinicopathologic profiles of DAC and AAC of prostate. After slide review, some morphological variants of DAC, equivalent to Gleason pattern 3 and 5 of AAC were identified. High level of HoxB13 expression was identified in 46.5% (46 out of 99 cases) and 39.2% (31 out of 79 cases) of cases that belong to the training set and test set, respectively. In the training set, high level of HoxB13 expression was significantly correlated with DAC (P < 0.001), higher Gleason score (P < 0.001), advanced pathologic T stage (P = 0.010), and occurrence of biochemical recurrence (BCR; P < 0.001). The test set confirmed that high level of HoxB13 expression was associated with DAC (P < 0.001), higher Gleason score (P = 0.001), advanced pathologic T stage (P < 0.001), and occurrence of BCR (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that HoxB13 may be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of DAC and a prognostic marker for prediction of BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational genomics, Samsung medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Joo
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Do Carmo Silva J, Vesely S, Novak V, Luksanova H, Prusa R, Babjuk M. Is Engrailed-2 (EN2) a truly promising biomarker in prostate cancer detection? Biomarkers 2019; 25:34-39. [PMID: 31692391 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1690047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a sensitive but unspecific marker for prostate cancer (PC) detection, which may result in harms including overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Therefore, the development of new markers is of absolute value. The urinary level of engrailed-2 (EN2) protein has been recently suggested as a promising PC biomarker, correlating with tumour volume and stage. This study evaluated EN2 and its potential use in clinical practice.Materials and methods: Urinary EN2 was assessed by different commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The study sample included 90 patients with clinically localized PC compared to 30 healthy controls, and a group of 40 patients indicated for prostate biopsy due to an elevated PSA level where both pre- and post-digital rectal examination urine samples were collected.Results: No statistical difference between the patient group and the control group was obtained in all measured variables. There was no significant correlation between urinary EN2 and serum PSA, tumour staging and grading. Attentive DRE did not lead to significant changes of urinary EN2 or impact on its predictive power.Conclusions: Our results show that EN2 as a PC biomarker brings no additional value to the current use of PSA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Do Carmo Silva
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Vesely
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novak
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Luksanova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Paralogous HOX13 Genes in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050699. [PMID: 31137568 PMCID: PMC6562813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of “spatio-temporal collinearity”, with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3’ end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5’ end. The onset of 3’ Hox gene activation is determined by Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, whereas 5’ Hox activation is due to paralogous group 13 genes, which act as posterior-inhibitors of more anterior Hox proteins (posterior prevalence). Deregulation of HOX genes is associated with developmental abnormalities and different human diseases. Paralogous HOX13 genes (HOX A13, HOX B13, HOX C13 and HOX D13) also play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of paralogous HOX13 genes regarding their regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis and tumor progression and their use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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27
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Han R, Zhang L, Gan W, Fu K, Jiang K, Ding J, Wu J, Han X, Li D. piRNA-DQ722010 contributes to prostate hyperplasia of the male offspring mice after the maternal exposed to microcystin-leucine arginine. Prostate 2019; 79:798-812. [PMID: 30900311 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) could disrupt prostate development and cause prostate hyperplasia. But whether and how maternal and before-weaning MC-LR exposure causes prostate hyperplasia in male offspring by changing expression profile of P-element-induced wimpy (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have not yet been reported. METHODS From the 12th day in the embryonic period to the 21st day after offspring birth, three groups of pregnant mice that were randomly assigned were exposed to 0, 10, and 50 μg/L of MC-LR through drinking water followed by the analyses of their male offspring. Abortion rate and litter size of maternal mice were recorded. The prostate histopathology was observed. Differential expressed piRNAs of prostate were screened by piRNA microarray analysis. Murine prostate cancer cell line (RM-1) was used for further mechanism study. Luciferase report assay was used to determine the relationship between piRNA-DQ722010 and polypeptide 3 (Pik3r3). RESULTS The downregulated expression of piRNA-DQ722010 was the most significant in piRNA microarray analysis in 10 μg/L MC-LR treated group, while Pik3r3 was significantly upregulated, consistent with the results that a distinct prostatic epithelial hyperplasia was observed and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protien kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was activated. Pik3r3 was verified as the target gene of piRNA-DQ722010. In addition, we found MC-LR decreased the expression of PIWI-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (Piwil2) and 4 (Piwil4) both in vivo and in vitro, and both Piwil4 and Piwil2 could regulate the expression of DQ722010. CONCLUSION MC-LR caused downregulation of piRNA-DQ722010 and PIWI proteins, while piRNA-DQ722010 downregulation promoted activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inducing prostate hyperplasia by upregulating the expression of Pik3r3. In contrast, piRNA-DQ722010 downregulation may be attributed to PIWI proteins downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Primon M, Hunter KD, Pandha HS, Morgan R. Kinase Regulation of HOX Transcription Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040508. [PMID: 30974835 PMCID: PMC6521248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are a group of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that play important regulatory roles in early development, including the establishment of cell and tissue identity. HOX expression is generally reduced in adult cells but is frequently re-established as an early event in tumour formation and supports an oncogenic phenotype. HOX transcription factors are also involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, along with normal adult physiological process including stem cell renewal. There have been extensive studies on the mechanism by which HOX proteins regulate transcription, with particular emphasis on their interaction with cofactors such as Pre-B-cell Leukaemia Homeobox (PBX) and Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 (MEIS). However, significantly less is known of how the activity of HOX proteins is regulated. There is growing evidence that phosphorylation may play an important role in this context, and in this review, we draw together a number of important studies published over the last 20 years, and discuss the relevance of phosphorylation in the regulation and function of HOX proteins in development, evolution, cell cycle regulation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Primon
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Upregulated expression of HOXB7 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is associated with tumor cell metastasis and poor prognosis. J Transl Med 2019; 99:736-748. [PMID: 30664713 PMCID: PMC6760572 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox B7 (HOXB7) protein is reported to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers and to play an important role in multiple cellular processes. However, the specific mechanism by which HOXB7 promotes the malignant progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. Therefore, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the expression level of HOXB7 in 38 paired ICC tissue samples. Additionally, to assess correlation between HOXB7 and ICC prognosis, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using 122 ICC tissues to detect HOXB7 expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were employed to assess ICC cell proliferation, and Transwell assays were performed to estimate the invasion and migration abilities of ICC cells. The capillary tube formation assay was applied to explore the angiogenic effects of HOXB7. A xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice to assess the role of HOXB7 in tumor growth and lung metastasis. The results showed higher expression of HOXB7 in ICC tissues than in noncancerous tissues, and this increased expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, HOXB7 overexpression enhanced capillary tube formation, invasion and migration of ICC cells in vitro, whereas HOXB7 knockdown produced the opposite results in vitro. Moreover, the role of HOXB7 in promoting tumor growth and metastasis was verified in vivo. Further investigation revealed that the expression levels of MMP2, MMP9, VEGFa, and IL8 were elevated by HOXB7 and that the ERK pathway was activated. Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of HOXB7 and its role in metastasis and angiogenesis in ICC. HOXB7 upregulated MMP2, MMP9, VEGFa, and IL8 expression via the ERK pathway to accelerate the malignant progression of ICC.
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Yang X, Deng Y, He RQ, Li XJ, Ma J, Chen G, Hu XH. Upregulation of HOXA11 during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma detected via multiple approaches. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2650-2664. [PMID: 30106131 PMCID: PMC6192730 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered expression of homeobox (HOX)A11 has been observed in various malignant tumor types, but it has remained to be determined in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the present study, the expression of HOXA11 in LUAD and the potential associated mechanisms were assessed. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine microarrays were gathered and in‑house polymerase chain reaction data were produced to investigate the altered expression of HOXA11 in LUAD and its association with various clinicopathological characteristics. Genes co‑expressed with HOXA11 were also identified by searching the cBioPortal and Multi Experiment Matrix databases, and performing a bioinformatics analysis, through which the potential molecular mechanisms of HOXA11 in LUAD were explored. The data analyses indicated that HOXA11 was overexpressed in the LUAD samples, and together with its co‑expressed genes, it was indicated to participate in various key signaling pathways, including the focal adhesion, extracellular matrix‑receptor interaction, axon guidance and small cell lung cancer signaling pathways. Furthermore, collagen type III α 1 chain (COL3A1), ephrin B2 (EFNB2), integrin subunit α 8 (ITGA8) and syndecan 2 (SDC2) were confirmed to be differentially expressed in LUAD vs. normal controls at the mRNA and protein level. Of note, LUAD patients with low expression of HOXA11 and ITGB1 had better overall survival rates. The present study indicated that HOXA11 may function as an oncogene in LUAD, and HOXA11 protein probably combines with ITGB1, COL3A1, EFNB2, ITGA8 and SDC2 to have a role in the focal adhesion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Guan Y, He Y, Lv S, Hou X, Li L, Song J. Overexpression of HOXC10 promotes glioblastoma cell progression to a poor prognosis via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. J Drug Target 2018; 27:60-66. [PMID: 29768063 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1473408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HOX gene is expressed in neoplasias occurred in multiple tissues, such as the colon, lung and breast. However, the effects of the HOX gene on glioblastoma (GBM) remain poorly understood. We examined HOXC10 expression in GBM tissues and cells, analysed its effect on GBM prognosis, and finally assessed its possible underlying mechanisms in this study. METHODS HOXC10 expression levels and its prognostic effects on GBM tissues were analysed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ONCOMINE database. Overall survival (OS) analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Then, the expression of HOXC10 was detected in four GBM cell lines using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, small interfering RNA (si-RNA) was utilised in the U87 cell line with the highest HOXC10 expression to facilitate subsequent in vitro cell experiment. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay, wound healing, Transwell assay, respectively in GBM U87 cell after HOXC10 knockdown. Key proteins related to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway were measured by western blotting. RESULTS HOXC10 expression was significantly increased in GBM tissues and cell lines, leading a poor OS in GBM patients. Knockdown of HOXC10 could inhibit the GBM U87 cells proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as decreased expression levels of key proteins in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. CONCLUSION HOXC10 was overexpressed in GBM tissues and cells, and associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Moreover, HOXC10 knockdown inhibited U87 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which were potentially related to PI3K/AKT signalling pathway activation. Our findings revealed that HOXC10 represent a promising biological target for GBM treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guan
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qingdao Minicipal Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
| | - Yajie He
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qingdao Minicipal Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
| | - Shaoping Lv
- b Department of Rehabilitation , Qingdao Central Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Hou
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qingdao Minicipal Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
| | - Luo Li
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qingdao Minicipal Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
| | - Jianjun Song
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qingdao Minicipal Hospital , Qingdao , Shandong , PR China
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Huang Y, Chen L, Guo A. Upregulated expression of HOXC8 is associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7291-7296. [PMID: 29725445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox C8 (HOXC8) is a transcription factor that has been reported to regulate numerous genes associated with tumor progression. However, its function in cervical cancer (CC) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression level of HOXC8 was examined in CC tissues and cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Additionally, CC cell lines were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to downregulate the expression of HOX8 and assess cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8. The results demonstrated a significantly increased expression of HOXC8 in CC tissues and cell lines compared with non-tumor tissues, and a normal cervical cell line, respectively. Additionally, the downregulation of HOXC8, which was achieved by siRNA transfection, significantly inhibited the proliferation rate of CC cell lines. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the increased expression of HOXC8 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CC. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that HOXC8 was a significant and independent predictor for overall survival of patients with CC. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that HOXC8 may be involved in the progression of CC and may serve as a therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Aqin Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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Morgan R, El-Tanani M, Hunter KD, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS. Targeting HOX/PBX dimers in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32322-32331. [PMID: 28423659 PMCID: PMC5458287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOX and PBX gene families encode transcription factors that have key roles in establishing the identity of cells and tissues in early development. Over the last 20 years it has become apparent that they are also dysregulated in a wide range of solid and haematological malignancies and have a predominantly pro-oncogenic function. A key mode of transcriptional regulation by HOX and PBX proteins is through their interaction as a heterodimer or larger complex that enhances their binding affinity and specificity for DNA, and there is growing evidence that this interaction is a potential therapeutic target in malignancies that include prostate, breast, renal, ovarian and lung cancer, melanoma, myeloma, and acute myeloid leukaemia. This review summarizes the roles of HOX and PBX genes in cancer and assesses the therapeutic potential of HOX/PBX dimer inhibition, including the availability of biomarkers for its application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Zhang X, Liu G, Ding L, Jiang T, Shao S, Gao Y, Lu Y. HOXA3 promotes tumor growth of human colon cancer through activating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2864-2874. [PMID: 29073728 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox A3 (HOXA3), one of HOX transcription factors, regulates gene expression during embryonic development. HOXA3 expression has been reported to be associated with several cancers; however, its role in colon cancer and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The expression of HOXA3 in 232 paired of human colon tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were measured by qPCR. The relationship between HOXA3 expression and clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HTC116 were transfected with HOXA3 siRNA, or HOXA3 expressing vector, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA3-overexpressing and HOXA3-suppressing HT29 cells were subcutaneous injected into nod mice to confirm the regulation of HOXA3 on EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in regulating tumor growth. HOXA3 was upregulated in colon tumor tissues and cell lines, and upregulated expression of HOXA3 was associated with low survival rate. Knockdown of HOXA3 suppressed cell viability and clone formation, while induced cell apoptosis. HOXA3 knockdown could not induce the increase of cell apoptosis on the condition of EGFR overexpression. In vivo xenograft studies, HOXA3-suppressing cells showed less tumorigenic. Moreover, HOXA3 knockdown suppressed the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To conclude, this study indicated that HOXA3 might act as a promoter of human colon cancer formation by regulating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. HOXA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Office of Medical Safety Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Gupta RP, Bajpai A, Sinha P. Selector genes display tumor cooperation and inhibition in Drosophila epithelium in a developmental context-dependent manner. Biol Open 2017; 6:1581-1591. [PMID: 29141951 PMCID: PMC5703612 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During animal development, selector genes determine identities of body segments and those of individual organs. Selector genes are also misexpressed in cancers, although their contributions to tumor progression per se remain poorly understood. Using a model of cooperative tumorigenesis, we show that gain of selector genes results in tumor cooperation, but in only select developmental domains of the wing, haltere and eye-antennal imaginal discs of Drosophila larva. Thus, the field selector, Eyeless (Ey), and the segment selector, Ultrabithorax (Ubx), readily cooperate to bring about neoplastic transformation of cells displaying somatic loss of the tumor suppressor, Lgl, but in only those developmental domains that express the homeo-box protein, Homothorax (Hth), and/or the Zinc-finger protein, Teashirt (Tsh). In non-Hth/Tsh-expressing domains of these imaginal discs, however, gain of Ey in lgl- somatic clones induces neoplastic transformation in the distal wing disc and haltere, but not in the eye imaginal disc. Likewise, gain of Ubx in lgl- somatic clones induces transformation in the eye imaginal disc but not in its endogenous domain, namely, the haltere imaginal disc. Our results reveal that selector genes could behave as tumor drivers or inhibitors depending on the tissue contexts of their gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prakash Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Anjali Bajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Zuo Z, Roy B, Chang YK, Granas D, Stormo GD. Measuring quantitative effects of methylation on transcription factor-DNA binding affinity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao1799. [PMID: 29159284 PMCID: PMC5694663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) dinucleotides is a common epigenetic mark that influences gene expression. The effects of methylation on transcription factor (TF) binding are unknown for most TFs and, even when known, such knowledge is often only qualitative. In reality, methylation sensitivity is a quantitative effect, just as changes to the DNA sequence have quantitative effects on TF binding affinity. We describe Methyl-Spec-seq, an easy-to-use method that measures the effects of CpG methylation (mCPG) on binding affinity for hundreds to thousands of variants in parallel, allowing one to quantitatively assess the effects at every position in a binding site. We demonstrate its use on several important DNA binding proteins. We calibrate the accuracy of Methyl-Spec-seq using a novel two-color competitive fluorescence anisotropy method that can accurately determine the relative affinities of two sequences in solution. We also present software that extends standard methods for representing, visualizing, and searching for matches to binding site motifs to include the effects of methylation. These tools facilitate the study of the consequences for gene regulation of epigenetic marks on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zuo
- Corresponding author. (G.D.S.); (Z.Z.)
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Rui J, Chunming Z, Binbin G, Na S, Shengxi W, Wei S. IL-22 promotes the progression of breast cancer through regulating HOXB-AS5. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103601-103612. [PMID: 29262587 PMCID: PMC5732753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a well-known tumor related inflammatory factor that is associated with variety of cancers. HOXB-AS5, a long non-coding RNA located in HOX gene clusters, has been elevated in breast cancer (BC) tissues. Herein, IL-22 and HOXB-AS5 were upregulated in the serum and tissues of BC patients and were associated with clinical stages. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of IL-22-HOXB-AS5 pathway on progression of BC, and the results suggested that IL-22 and HOXB-AS5 synergistically promoted MDA-MB-231 cell growth, migration and invasion and activated the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. These findings demonstrated that the IL-22-HOXB-AS5-PI3K/AKT functional axes may serve as potential molecule biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy evaluation or targeted therapeutic strategy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Rui
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhao Chunming
- Department of Opthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Gao Binbin
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shao Na
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wang Shengxi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Wang X, Bu J, Liu X, Wang W, Mai W, Lv B, Zou J, Mo X, Li X, Wang J, Niu B, Fan Y, Hou B. miR-133b suppresses metastasis by targeting HOXA9 in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63935-63948. [PMID: 28969042 PMCID: PMC5609974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functions and mechanisms of microRNA (miRNA) involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis are largely unknown. Here, a miRNA microarray analysis was performed in CRC primary tissues and metastatic hepatic tissues to disclose crucial miRNA involved in CRC metastasis. MiR-133b was decreased and negatively correlated with metastasis in CRC. Overexpression of miR-133b significantly suppressed metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. HOXA9 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-133b. In addition, HOXA9 was negatively correlated with miR-133b and promoted CRC malignant progress. Moreover, miR-133b decreased HOXA9 expression, and subsequently downregulated ZEB1 and upregulated E-cadherin expression. Intriguingly, lower miR-133b and higher HOXA9 expression significantly contributed to poorer outcomes in CRC patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that miR-133b was an independent and significant predictor of CRC patient overall survival. In conclusion, we newly determined that miR-133b targeted the HOXA9/ZEB1 pathway to promote tumor metastasis in CRC cells. This axis provided insights into the mechanism underlying miRNA regulation of CRC metastasis and a novel therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juyuan Bu
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingwei Liu
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weihua Mai
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Baojun Lv
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinlin Zou
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangqiong Mo
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunping Fan
- Departments of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingzong Hou
- Departments of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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Cava C, Colaprico A, Bertoli G, Graudenzi A, Silva TC, Olsen C, Noushmehr H, Bontempi G, Mauri G, Castiglioni I. SpidermiR: An R/Bioconductor Package for Integrative Analysis with miRNA Data. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020274. [PMID: 28134831 PMCID: PMC5343810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) control many biological systems, but how such network coordination is shaped is still unknown. GRNs can be subdivided into basic connections that describe how the network members interact e.g., co-expression, physical interaction, co-localization, genetic influence, pathways, and shared protein domains. The important regulatory mechanisms of these networks involve miRNAs. We developed an R/Bioconductor package, namely SpidermiR, which offers an easy access to both GRNs and miRNAs to the end user, and integrates this information with differentially expressed genes obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Specifically, SpidermiR allows the users to: (i) query and download GRNs and miRNAs from validated and predicted repositories; (ii) integrate miRNAs with GRNs in order to obtain miRNA-gene-gene and miRNA-protein-protein interactions, and to analyze miRNA GRNs in order to identify miRNA-gene communities; and (iii) graphically visualize the results of the analyses. These analyses can be performed through a single interface and without the need for any downloads. The full data sets are then rapidly integrated and processed locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate (Mi) 20090, Italy.
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
- Machine Learning Group (MLG), Department d'Informatique, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate (Mi) 20090, Italy.
| | - Alex Graudenzi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate (Mi) 20090, Italy.
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Genetics Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
- Machine Learning Group (MLG), Department d'Informatique, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Genetics Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Gianluca Bontempi
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
- Machine Learning Group (MLG), Department d'Informatique, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan 20125, Italy.
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology (SYSBIO), Milan 20126, Italy.
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate (Mi) 20090, Italy.
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Hu H, Chen Y, Cheng S, Li G, Zhang Z. Dysregulated expression of homebox gene HOXA13 is correlated with the poor prognosis in bladder cancer. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 129:391-397. [PMID: 27830363 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeobox (HOX) genes have been implicated playing important roles in many human cancers. HOXA13 is a member of HOX genes that encode transcription factors regulating embryonic development and cell fate. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of HOXA13 in bladder cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was initially performed to screen the differentially expressed HOXA13 between bladder cancer tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Subsequent Western blotting analysis validation was conducted using tissue samples from patients with bladder cancer. RESULTS The expression level of HOXA13 was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.001). The χ2-test showed that expression of HOXA13 was positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.013), bladder tumor TNM stage (P = 0.002) and pathological grade (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with bladder cancer with high expression of HOXA13 had shorter overall survival time (P = 0.001) and disease-free survival time (P = 0.001) compared to patients with low expression of HOXA13. Multivariate analysis indicated that HOXA13 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival for bladder cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that high expression of HOXA13 is associated with the progression of bladder cancer and that HOXA13 might serve as a biomarker for prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 300016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuebing Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 300016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 300016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 300016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 300016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ramberg H, Grytli HH, Nygård S, Wang W, Ögren O, Zhao S, Løvf M, Katz B, Skotheim RI, Bjartell A, Eri LM, Berge V, Svindland A, Taskén KA. PBX3 is a putative biomarker of aggressive prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1810-20. [PMID: 27273830 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need to identify new and better prognostic and predictive biomarkers to stratify prostate cancer patients for optimal treatment. The aims of this study were to characterize the expression profile of pre-B cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) transcription factors in prostate cancer with an emphasis on investigating whether PBX3 harbours any prognostic value. The expression profile of PBX3 and PBX1 in prostate tissue was determined by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, the expression of PBX3 transcript variants was analyzed by RT-PCR, NanoString Technologies®, and by analyzing RNA sequence data. The potential of PBX3 to predict prognosis, either at mRNA or protein level, was studied in four independent cohorts. PBX3 was mainly expressed in the nucleus of normal prostate basal cells, while it showed cytosolic expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer cells. We detected four PBX3 transcript variants in prostate tissue. Competing risk regression analysis revealed that high PBX3 expression was associated with slower progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (sub-hazard ratio (SHR) 0.18, 95% CI: 0.081-0.42, p values < 0.001). PBX3 expression had a high predictive accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82) when combined with Gleason score and age. Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with high levels of PBX3 mRNA, had improved prostate cancer specific survival compared to patients expressing low levels (SHR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.46-0.93, p values < 0.001, and AUC = 0.75). Our findings strongly indicate that PBX3 has potential as a biomarker, both as part of a larger gene panel and as an immunohistochemical marker, for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ramberg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Hartvedt Grytli
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olov Ögren
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marthe Løvf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Betina Katz
- Department of Pathology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Magne Eri
- Department of Urology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aud Svindland
- Department of Pathology, Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Austlid Taskén
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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The function of homeobox genes and lncRNAs in cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1635-1641. [PMID: 27588114 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the homeobox (HOX) gene family has been reported as a factor in tumorigenesis. In the human genome, the HOX gene family contains 4 clusters with 39 genes and multiple transcripts. Mutation or abnormal expression of genes is responsible for developmental disorders. In addition, changes in the levels and activation of certain HOX genes has been associated with the development of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been identified to serve critical functions in cancer. Although a limited number of lncRNAs have been previously investigated, the list of functional lncRNA genes has recently grown. Two of the most important and well-studied lncRNAs and HOX transcript genes are HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (HOTTIP). The present study aimed to review not only the function of the HOTAIR and HOTTIP genes in certain forms of cancer, but also to review other HOX genes and protein functions in cancer, particularly HOX family genes associated with lncRNAs.
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Lu S, Liu R, Su M, Wei Y, Yang S, He S, Wang X, Qiang F, Chen C, Zhao S, Qian L, Shao M, Mao G. Overexpression of HOXC8 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:944-54. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fulin Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengting Shao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Signaling classically involves the secretion of diverse molecules that bind specific cell-surface receptors and engage intracellular transduction cascades. Some exceptions-namely, lipophilic agents-can cross plasma membranes to bind intracellular receptors and be carried to the nucleus to regulate transcription. Homeoprotein transcription factors are among the few proteins with such a capacity. Here, we review the signaling activities of homeoproteins in the developing and adult nervous system, with particular emphasis on axon/cell migration and postnatal critical periods of cerebral cortex plasticity. We also describe homeoprotein non-cell-autonomous mechanisms and explore how this "novel" signaling pathway impacts emerging research in brain development and physiology. In this context, we explore hypotheses on the evolution of signaling, the role of homeoproteins as early morphogens, and their therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Overexpression of HOXC11 homeobox gene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma induces cellular proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Bai Y, Fang N, Gu T, Kang Y, Wu J, Yang D, Zhang H, Suo Z, Ji S. HOXA11 gene is hypermethylation and aberrant expression in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:79. [PMID: 25788862 PMCID: PMC4364045 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation is an acquired epigenetic alteration that serves as an alternative to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and other genes in diverse human cancers. Gastric carcinoma is one of the tumors with a high frequency of aberrant methylation in promoter region. Hence we investigated the promoter methylation status and expression level of HOXA11 gene which may involve in GC development. Methods Thirty-two surgical excised gastric cancer specimens, twelve paired adjacent non-cancerous specimens and seven normal gastric mucosas were examined. The methylation status and expression level of HOXA11 gene were determined by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively. HOXA11 expression was knocked-down with siRNA to mimic HOXA11 gene hypermethylation and ability of cell proliferation and migration was determinate. In addition, we analyzed and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features. Results The methylation level of HOXA11 gene in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were higher than those in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). The methylation level was higher in TNM III and IV patients of GC than those in TNM I and II patients (P < 0.05). The expression of HOXA11 mRNA and protein decreased in normal gastric mucosa, peri-cancer tissue and GC (P < 0.05). HOXA11 expression was inversely correlated with DNA methylation (P < 0.05). Knocked-down of HOXA11 expression with siRNA in BGC-823 cells enhanced cell proliferation compared with control, but no significant different was observed in migration ability. Conclusion Hypermethylation and decreased expression of HOXA11 gene may be involved in the carcinogenesis and development of GC and may provide useful information for the prediction of the malignant behaviors of GC. And the expression of HOXA11 is impaired by DNA methylation. However, repression of HOXA11 expression promoted BGC-823 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguo Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Tingxun Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuhua Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Desheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhimin Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
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Bhatlekar S, Fields JZ, Boman BM. HOX genes and their role in the development of human cancers. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:811-23. [PMID: 24996520 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize published findings on the involvement of HOX genes in oncogenesis. HOX genes are developmental genes--they code for proteins that function as critical master regulatory transcription factors during embryogenesis. Many reports have shown that the protein products of HOX genes also play key roles in the development of cancers. Based on our review of the literature, we found that the expression of HOX genes is not only up- or downregulated in most solid tumors but also that the expression of specific HOX genes in cancers tends to differ based on tissue type and tumor site. It was also observed that HOXC family gene expression is upregulated in most solid tumor types, including colon, lung, and prostate cancer. The two HOX genes that were reported to be most commonly altered in solid tumors were HOXA9 and HOXB13. HOXA were often reported to have altered expression in breast and ovarian cancers, HOXB genes in colon cancers, HOXC genes in prostate and lung cancers, and HOXD genes in colon and breast cancers. It was found that HOX genes are also regulated at the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport level in carcinomas. Tumors arising from tissue having similar embryonic origin (endodermal), including colon, prostate, and lung, showed relatively similar HOXA and HOXB family gene expression patterns compared to breast tumors arising from mammary tissue, which originates from the ectoderm. The differential expression of HOX genes in various solid tumors thus provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of cancer development and to develop new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Delaware, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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DNA methylation status is more reliable than gene expression at detecting cancer in prostate biopsy. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:781-9. [PMID: 24937670 PMCID: PMC4134497 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We analysed critically the potential usefulness of RNA- and DNA-based biomarkers in supporting conventional histological diagnostic tests for prostate carcinoma (PCa) detection. Methods: Microarray profiling of gene expression and DNA methylation was performed on 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 32 cancerous and non-cancerous prostate samples extracted by radical prostatectomy. The predictive value of the selected biomarkers was validated by qPCR-based methods using tissue samples extracted from the 58 prostates and, separately, using 227 prostate core biopsies. Results: HOXC6, AMACR and PCA3 expression showed the best discrimination between PCa and BPH. All three genes were previously reported as the most promising mRNA-based markers for distinguishing cancerous lesions from benign prostate lesions; however, none were sufficiently sensitive and specific to meet the criteria for a PCa diagnostic biomarker. By contrast, DNA methylation levels of the APC, TACC2, RARB, DGKZ and HES5 promoter regions achieved high discriminating sensitivity and specificity, with area under the curve (AUCs) reaching 0.95−1.0. Only a small overlap was detected between the DNA methylation levels of PCa-positive and PCa-negative needle biopsies, with AUCs ranging between 0.854 and 0.899. Conclusions: DNA methylation-based biomarkers reflect the prostate malignancy and might be useful in supporting clinical decisions for suspected PCa following an initial negative prostate biopsy.
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