1
|
Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cancer development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:1-61. [PMID: 37657856 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays essential roles in promoting malignant transformation of epithelial cells, leading to cancer progression and metastasis. During EMT-induced cancer development, a wide variety of genes are dramatically modified, especially down-regulation of epithelial-related genes and up-regulation of mesenchymal-related genes. Expression of other EMT-related genes is also modified during the carcinogenic process. Especially, epigenetic modifications are observed in the EMT-related genes, indicating their involvement in cancer development. Mechanically, epigenetic modifications of histone, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNA stably change the EMT-related gene expression at transcription and translation levels. Herein, we summarize current knowledge on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms observed in EMT process relate to cancer development in humans. The better understanding of epigenetic regulation of EMT during cancer development may lead to improvement of drug design and preventive strategies in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Wang H, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhan H, Feng L, Gao M, Zhao K, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhao N, Li Y, Liu P. EZH2 regulates pancreatic cancer cells through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3, and Mcm4. Hereditas 2023; 160:23. [PMID: 37198697 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in digestive tract. To explore the role of epigenetic factor EZH2 in the malignant proliferation of PC, so as to provide effective medical help in PC. Sixty paraffin sections of PC were collected and the expression of EZH2 in PC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Three normal pancreas tissue samples were used as controls. The regulation of EZH2 gene on proliferation and migration of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell were determined by MTS, colony forming, Ki-67 antibody, scratch and Transwell assays. Through differential gene annotation and differential gene signaling pathway analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell proliferation were selected and verified by RT-qPCR. EZH2 is mainly expressed in the nuclei of pancreatic tumor cells, but not in normal pancreatic cells. The results of cell function experiments showed that EZH2 overexpression could enhance the proliferation and migration ability of PC cell BXPC-3. Cell proliferation ability increased by 38% compared to the control group. EZH2 knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation and migration ability of cells. Compared with control, proliferation ability of cells reduced by 16%-40%. The results of bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR demonstrated that EZH2 could regulate the expression of E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4 in normal and PC cells. The results revealed that EZH2 might regulate the proliferation of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastric Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lixia Feng
- Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Konggang Hospital, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Mingyou Gao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kuo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The role of histone methylation in renal cell cancer: an update. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2735-2742. [PMID: 36575323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2-3% of all cancers. It is difficult to diagnose early. Recently, genome-wide studies have identified that histone methylation was one of the functional classes that is most frequently dysregulated in renal cell cancer. Mutation or mis-regulation of histone methylation, methyltransferases, demethylases are associated with gene expression and tumor progression in renal cell cancer. Herein, we summarize histone methylations, demethylases and their alterations and mechanisms in renal cell cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
miRNA let-7a inhibits invasion, migration, anchorage-independent growth by suppressing EZH2 and promotes mesenchymal to epithelial transition in MDAMB-231. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Cheng Y, Qu Y. The role of EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target in retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109389. [PMID: 36669714 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported selectively expressed in postnatal human retinoblastoma (RB). While, the contribution of EZH2 in progression of RB and its clinical importance has not been clarified. Here, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tumor specimens from 53 RB patients. UNC1999 and GSK503, inhibitors targeting EZH2, were incubated with human RB cell line WERI-Rb-1 and Y79 to assess the role and mechanism of EZH2 in RB proliferation, metastasis and tumor glycolysis. Administration of UNC1999 in subcutaneous tumor model of RB was conducted. The results showed that highly expressed EZH2 in RB tissues was significantly associated with the poor overall survival. UNC1999 and GSK503 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor glycolysis of RB. Results in mouse xenograft model confirmed the inhibitory effect of UNC1999 on tumor growth of RB and the regulation effect of EZH2 to STAT3/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Therefore, EZH2 is rewarding to study as a potential target for anti-RB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, 202132001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molina-Cerrillo J, Santoni M, Ruiz Á, Massari F, Pozas J, Ortego I, Gómez V, Grande E, Alonso-Gordoa T. Epigenetics in advanced renal cell carcinoma: Potential new targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Sekino Y, Teishima J, Liang G, Hinata N. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1419-1428. [PMID: 36122306 PMCID: PMC10087189 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Loss of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene is frequently observed in ccRCC and increases the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors and their targets, including epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) offer a survival benefit in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced in mRCC. Combination therapy with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improved patient outcomes. Therefore, TKIs still play an essential role in mRCC treatment. However, the clinical utility of TKIs is compromised when primary and acquired resistance are encountered. The mechanism of resistance to TKI is not fully elucidated. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of resistance to TKIs and a potential strategy to overcome this resistance. We outlined the involvement of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, activating bypass pathways, lysosomal sequestration, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic modifications and tumor microenvironment factors in the resistance to TKIs. Deep insight into the molecular mechanisms of resistance to TKIs will help to better understand the biology of RCC and can ultimately help in the development of more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Urology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin DS, Park K, Garon E, Dubinett S. Targeting EZH2 to overcome the resistance to immunotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00045-8. [PMID: 35851153 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has been a major breakthrough in cancer therapeutics since 2014 when anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) were approved for patients with metastatic melanoma. Therapeutic indications have rapidly expanded for many types of advanced cancer, including lung cancer. A variety of antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint are contributing to this paradigm shift. The field now confronts two salient challenges: first, to improve the therapeutic outcome given the low response rate across the histologies; second, to identify biomarkers for improved patient selection. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are underway to evaluate combinatorial treatments to improve the therapeutic outcome paired with correlative studies to identify the factors associated with response and resistance. One of the emerging strategies is to combine epigenetic modifiers with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) based on the evidence that targeting epigenetic elements can enhance anti-tumor immunity by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will briefly review pleotropic biological functions of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), clinical developments of oral EZH2 inhibitors, and potentially promising approaches to combine EZH2 inhibitors and PD-1 blockade for patients with advanced solid tumors, focusing on lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Steven Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DMDRMR promotes angiogenesis via antagonizing DAB2IP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:456. [PMID: 35562342 PMCID: PMC9106801 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients are highly angiogenic and treated by targeted therapies against VEGFA/VEGFR signaling pathway. However, tumors with such targeted therapies remain a significant clinic challenge. Understanding the underlying mechanism against angiogenesis is highly desired. Here, we demonstrated that the lncRNA DMDRMR serves as a sponge of miR-378a-5p to increase EZH2 and SMURF1 expression, thus promoting EZH2-mediated transcriptional repression of DAB2IP and SMURF1-mediated degradation of DAB2IP. Consequently, this axis activates VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, resulting in angiogenesis and resistance of tumor cells to sunitinib in ccRCC. Moreover, the competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis of DMDRMR is clinically relevant to ccRCC pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Our results support that the DMDRMR/miR-378a-5p/DAB2IP axis may serve as a novel target for combination diagnosis or therapy of ccRCC patients. Our findings may have highly clinical relevance for future translation to develop the targeted therapies for patients with ccRCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy and Antiangiogenic Treatments in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235981. [PMID: 34885091 PMCID: PMC8656474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype arising from renal cell carcinomas. This tumor is characterized by a predominant angiogenic and immunogenic microenvironment that interplay with stromal, immune cells, and tumoral cells. Despite the obscure prognosis traditionally related to this entity, strategies including angiogenesis inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as well as the enhancement of the immune system with the inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment landscape. This approach has achieved a substantial improvement in life expectancy and quality of life from patients with advanced ccRCC. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from this success as most patients will finally progress to these therapies and, even worse, approximately 5 to 30% of patients will primarily progress. In the last few years, preclinical and clinical research have been conducted to decode the biological basis underlying the resistance mechanisms regarding angiogenic and immune-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the insights of these molecular alterations to understand the resistance pathways related to the treatment with TKI and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Moreover, we include additional information on novel approaches that are currently under research to overcome these resistance alterations in preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials.
Collapse
|
11
|
The Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase in the Glioma Microenvironment: Its Biomarker and Therapy Potentials. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:4907167. [PMID: 34745848 PMCID: PMC8566080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4907167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase that encrypts a member of the Polycomb group (PcG) family. EZH2 forms a repressive chromatin structure which eventually participates in regulating the development as well as lineage propagation of stem cells and glioma progression. Posttranslational modifications are distinct approaches for the adjusted modification of EZH2 in the development of cancer. The amino acid succession of EZH2 protein makes it appropriate for covalent modifications, like phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. The glioma microenvironment is a dynamic component that comprises, besides glioma cells and glioma stem cells, a complex network that comprises diverse cell types like endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia as well as stromal components, soluble factors, and the extracellular membrane. EZH2 is well recognized as an essential modulator of cell invasion as well as metastasis in glioma. EZH2 oversecretion was implicated in the malfunction of several fundamental signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Ras and NF-κB signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, β-adrenergic receptor signaling, and bone morphogenetic protein as well as NOTCH signaling pathways. EZH2 was more secreted in glioblastoma multiforme than in low-grade gliomas as well as extremely secreted in U251 and U87 human glioma cells. Thus, the blockade of EZH2 expression in glioma could be of therapeutic value for patients with glioma. The suppression of EZH2 gene secretion was capable of reversing temozolomide resistance in patients with glioma. EZH2 is a promising therapeutic as well as prognostic biomarker for the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lhuissier E, Aury-Landas J, Lenté M, Boumediene K, Baugé C. Co-Treatment with the Epigenetic Drug, 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) and Cisplatin after DZNep Priming Enhances the Response to Platinum-Based Therapy in Chondrosarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184648. [PMID: 34572877 PMCID: PMC8472299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chondrosarcoma is a rare bone tumor characterized by the secretion of a cartilage-like extracellular matrix. Its treatment poses major challenges, since chondrosarcoma is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Consequently, chondrosarcoma treatment has been limited over the past 30 years, and consists in the surgical resection of the tumor. Increasing evidence suggests that future cancer therapies will be enhanced by the combination of epigenetic and conventional antitumor agents, leading to further investigations to combine 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an epigenetic drug, with existing antitumoral agents. We show by in vitro and in vivo experiments that an optimised DZNep/cisplatin combination reduces chondrosarcoma viability and induces apoptosis more effectively than each of the drugs alone. These results demonstrate the potential use of this epigenetic-chemotherapeutic combination approach for further studies and management of chondrosarcoma treatment. Abstract Background: We have previously shown that 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) induces apoptosis in chondrosarcomas. Herein, we tested whether the combination of this epigenetic drug to a standard anticancer therapy may enhance the response to each drug in these bone tumors. Methods: Two chondrosarcoma cell lines (SW1353 and JJ012) were cultured in the presence of DZNep and/or cisplatin. Cell growth was evaluated by counting viable cells, and apoptosis was determined by Apo2.7 expression by flow cytometry. In vivo, the antitumoral effect of the DZNep/cisplatin combination was assessed through measurements of tumor volume of JJ012 xenografts in nude mice. Results: In vitro, the DZNep/cisplatin combination reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis compared to each drug alone in chondrosarcomas, but not in normal cells (chondrocytes). This enhancement of the antitumoral effect of the DZNep/cisplatin combination required a priming incubation with DZNep before the co-treatment with DZNep/cisplatin. Furthermore, in the chondrosarcoma xenograft mice model, the combination of both drugs more strongly reduced tumor growth and induced more apoptosis in tumoral cells than each of the drugs alone. Conclusion: Our results show that DZNep exposure can presensitize chondrosarcoma cells to a standard anticancer drug, emphasizing the promising clinical utilities of epigenetic-chemotherapeutic drug combinations in the future treatment of chondrosarcomas.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khalili-Tanha G, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of doxorubicin resistance in tumor cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:39. [PMID: 34425750 PMCID: PMC8381522 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against conventional chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main reasons for tumor relapse and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Various mechanisms are associated with drug resistance, including drug efflux, cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used first-line anti-cancer drug that functions as a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, DOX resistance has emerged as a large hurdle in efficient tumor therapy. Furthermore, despite its wide clinical application, DOX is a double-edged sword: it can damage normal tissues and affect the quality of patients’ lives during and after treatment. It is essential to clarify the molecular basis of DOX resistance to support the development of novel therapeutic modalities with fewer and/or lower-impact side effects in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles in the drug resistance of various tumors. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on all the lncRNAs associated with DOX resistance. The majority are involved in promoting DOX resistance. This review paves the way to introducing an lncRNA panel marker for the prediction of the DOX response and clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petitprez F, Ayadi M, de Reyniès A, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Job S. Review of Prognostic Expression Markers for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643065. [PMID: 33996558 PMCID: PMC8113694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The number of prognostic markers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been increasing regularly over the last 15 years, without being integrated and compared. Objective: Our goal was to perform a review of prognostic markers for ccRCC to lay the ground for their use in the clinics. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed database was searched to identify RNA and protein markers whose expression level was reported as associated with survival of ccRCC patients. Relevant studies were selected through cross-reading by two readers. Evidence Synthesis: We selected 249 studies reporting an association with prognostic of either single markers or multiple-marker models. Altogether, these studies were based on a total of 341 distinct markers and 13 multiple-marker models. Twenty percent of these markers were involved in four biological pathways altered in ccRCC: cell cycle, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and immune response. The main genes (VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2) involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis are not the most relevant for assessing survival. Conclusion: Among single markers, the most validated markers were KI67, BIRC5, TP53, CXCR4, and CA9. Of the multiple-marker models, the most famous model, ClearCode34, has been highly validated on several independent datasets, but its clinical utility has not yet been investigated. Patient Summary: Over the years, the prognosis studies have evolved from single markers to multiple-marker models. Our review highlights the highly validated prognostic markers and multiple-marker models and discusses their clinical utility for better therapeutic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Petitprez
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mira Ayadi
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H. Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, Complément et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, Complément et Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Job
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Role of Epigenetics in the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Basis for Future Epigenetic Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092071. [PMID: 33922974 PMCID: PMC8123355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulated evidence on the role of epigenetic markers of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is reviewed, as well as state of the art on epigenetic treatments for this malignancy. Several epigenetic markers are likely candidates for clinical use, but still have not passed the test of prospective validation. Development of epigenetic therapies, either alone or in combination with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, are still in their infancy. Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, but when disease is non-confined it is the urologic cancer with worst prognosis. Antiangiogenic treatment and immune checkpoint inhibition therapy constitute a very promising combined therapy for advanced and metastatic disease. Many exploratory studies have identified epigenetic markers based on DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNA expression that epigenetically regulate gene expression in ccRCC. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers genes have been proposed as promising biomarkers for ccRCC. We review and discuss the current understanding of how epigenetic changes determine the main molecular pathways of ccRCC initiation and progression, and also its clinical implications. Despite the extensive research performed, candidate epigenetic biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for several reasons. However, the accumulated body of evidence of developing epigenetically-based biomarkers will likely allow the identification of ccRCC at a higher risk of progression. That will facilitate the establishment of firmer therapeutic decisions in a changing landscape and also monitor active surveillance in the aging population. What is more, a better knowledge of the activities of chromatin modifiers may serve to develop new therapeutic opportunities. Interesting clinical trials on epigenetic treatments for ccRCC associated with well established antiangiogenic treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors are revisited.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li T, Yu C, Zhuang S. Histone Methyltransferase EZH2: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Kidney Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640700. [PMID: 33679454 PMCID: PMC7930071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme that catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 27, leading to gene silencing. Mutation or over-expression of EZH2 has been linked to many cancers including renal carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that EZH2 expression and activity are also increased in several animal models of kidney injury, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis (LN), and renal transplantation rejection. The pharmacological and/or genetic inhibition of EZH2 can alleviate AKI, renal fibrosis, and LN, but potentiate podocyte injury in animal models, suggesting that the functional role of EZH2 varies with renal cell type and disease model. In this article, we summarize the role of EZH2 in the pathology of renal injury and relevant mechanisms and highlight EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Q, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Q. Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Cancer With TKIs Resistance: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Front Genet 2021; 11:562868. [PMID: 33510766 PMCID: PMC7835797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been a major breakthrough in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) therapy. Unfortunately, a portion of patients with TKIs resistance experience disease progression after TKIs therapy. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the development of TKIs resistance. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations occur frequently in RCC patients with poor response to TKIs therapy, and modulation of them could enhance the cytotoxic effect of antitumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the currently known epigenetic alterations relating to TKIs resistance in RCC, focusing on DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), histone modifications, and their interactions with TKIs treatment. In addition, we discuss application of epigenetic alteration analyses in the clinical setting to predict prognosis of patients with TKIs treatment, and the potential use of epigenetics-based therapies to surmount TKIs resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The treatment landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been revolutionized over the past two decades, bringing forth an era in which more than a dozen therapeutic agents are now available to treat patients. As a consequence, personalized care has become a critical part of developing effective treatment guidelines and improving patient outcomes. One of the most important emerging aspects of precision medicine in cancer is matching patients and treatments based on the genomic characteristics of an individual and their tumour. Despite the lack of a single genomic predictor of treatment response or prognostication feature in RCC, emerging research suggests that the identification of such markers remains promising. Mutations in VHL and alterations in its downstream pathways are the mainstay of RCC development and progression. However, the predictive value of VHL mutations has been questioned. Further research has examined mutations in genes involved in chromosome remodelling (for example, PBRM1, BAP1 and SETD2), DNA methylation and DNA damage repair, all of which have been associated with clinical outcomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genomic evidence in the context of RCC and its potential predictive and prognostic value.
Collapse
|
19
|
Eichenauer T, Simmendinger L, Fraune C, Mandelkow T, Blessin NC, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Möller K, Clauditz T, Weidemann S, Dahlem R, Fisch M, Riechardt S, Simon R, Sauter G, Büscheck F, Rink M. High level of EZH2 expression is linked to high density of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes and an aggressive phenotype in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2020; 39:481-490. [PMID: 32303902 PMCID: PMC7910252 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic part of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), has a prognostic role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and was recently shown to modulate the immune response by reducing tumor cell immunogenicity. Methods To investigate whether the prognostic role of EZH2 might be driven by a modified immune environment, more than 1800 RCCs were analyzed in a tissue microarray for EZH2 expression and CD8 positive lymphocytes were quantitated by automated digital imaging. Results EZH2 positivity was found in 75.2% of 1603 interpretable tumors. In clear cell RCC, high EZH2 expression was significantly linked to high ISUP, Furmann, and Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001 each), advanced stage (p < 0.0001), nodal (p = 0.0190) and distant metastasis (p < 0.0001) as well as shortened overall (p < 0.0027) and recurrence free survival (p < 0.0001). The density of CD8+ cells varied from 0 to 5048 cells/mm2 (Median 120 cells/mm2). A high CD8+ count was significantly associated with high ISUP, Fuhrmann, and Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001 each), advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0041), distant metastasis (p = 0.0026) as well as reduced overall survival (p = 0.0373) and recurrence free survival (p = 0.0450). The density of CD8+ cells continuously increased with raising EZH2 levels (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our data support a striking prognostic role of both EZH2 expression and the density of CD8+ cells in RCC. The tight relationship of EZH2 expression and CD8+ cell counts in RCC is consistent with models suggesting that EZH2 overexpression can be caused by high lymphocyte content in certain tumor types. Such a mechanism could explain the unique finding of high lymphocyte counts driving poor prognosis in RCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca Simmendinger
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Mandelkow
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Dahlem
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Riechardt
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng Y, Ma Y, Yue H, Liu G, Han S. EGFRvIII epigenetically regulates ARHI to promote glioma cell proliferation and migration. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 112:104344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
21
|
Ma H, Duan S, Yan F, Yang H, Cao Y, Ge L, Gao R. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 enhances the migration and chemotaxis of dental mesenchymal stem cells. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519882149. [PMID: 31642363 PMCID: PMC7262854 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the function of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the migration and chemotaxis of human dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Methods The expression of EZH2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), CXCL16, and CXCR1 in stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) was determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. The effects of EZH2 on the homing of SCAPs and the effects of EZH2-overexpressing SCAP culture supernatant on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were tested by scratch migration assays and transwell chemotaxis assays. Results EZH2 overexpression significantly enhanced the migration and chemotaxis of SCAPs and upregulated the expression of CXCL11, CXCL16, and CXCR1 in SCAPs. EZH2 depletion had the opposite effect, impairing the migration and chemotaxis of SCAPs and downregulating the expression of CXCL11, CXCL16, and CXCR1. The culture supernatant of EZH2-overexpressing SCAPs advanced the migration and chemotaxis of PDLSCs. Conclusions EZH2 evidently promoted the migration and chemotaxis of SCAPs by upregulating the expression of CXCL11, CXCL16, and CXCR1. Moreover, EZH2-overexpressing SCAPs enhanced the homing, migration, and chemotaxis of PDLSCs via paracrine signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyu Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Xiangya Stomatology Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, China
| | - Runtao Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Colón-Caraballo M, Torres-Reverón A, Soto-Vargas JL, Young SL, Lessey B, Mendoza A, Urrutia R, Flores I. Effects of histone methyltransferase inhibition in endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:293-307. [PMID: 29408993 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and its product H3K27me3 are well studied in cancer, little is known about their role and potential as therapeutic targets in endometriosis. We have previously reported that endometriotic lesions are characterized by global enrichment of H3K27me3. Therefore, we aimed to (1) characterize the expression levels of EZH2 in endometriotic tissues; (2) assess H3K27me3 enrichment in candidate genes promoter regions; and (3) determine if pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 impacts migration, proliferation, and invasion of endometriotic cells. Immunohistochemistry of an endometriosis-focused tissue microarray was used to assess the EZH2 protein levels in tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR was conducted to assess enrichment of H3K27me3 in candidate gene promoter regions in tissues. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the effect of an EZH2-specific pharmacological inhibitor on H3K27me3 global enrichment in cell lines. To measure effects of the inhibitor in migration, proliferation, and invasion in vitro we used Scratch, BrdU, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Endometriotic lesions had significantly higher EZH2α nuclear immunostaining levels compared to eutopic endometrium from patients (glands, stroma) and controls (glands). H3K27me3 was enriched within promoter regions of candidate genes in some but not all of the endometriotic lesions. Inhibition of EZH2 reduced H3K27me3 levels in the endometriotic cells specifically, and also reduced migration, proliferation but not invasion of endometriotic epithelial cells (12Z). These findings support future preclinical studies to determine in vivo efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors as promising nonhormonal treatments for endometriosis, still an incurable gynecological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Colón-Caraballo
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Annelyn Torres-Reverón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neurosciences, University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley-School of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - John Lee Soto-Vargas
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Step-Up Summer Program, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bruce Lessey
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Adalberto Mendoza
- Southern Pathology Inc., Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences-Pathology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Raúl Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Basic Sciences-Microbiology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Ob/Gyn, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
HOXA11-AS promotes the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting miR-124 expression by binding to EZH2. Hum Cell 2019; 32:504-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Duan J, Ma X, Shi J, Xuan Y, Wang H, Li P, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Gong H, Ma X, Pang Y, Wang L, Yan Y, Zhang X. Long noncoding RNA LINC-PINT promotes proliferation through EZH2 and predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4729-4740. [PMID: 31417274 PMCID: PMC6592040 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urological malignant tumors. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and management of RCC, its prognosis remains poor. Emerging evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in cancer biology. Materials and methods: The most abundant transcript of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA p53 induced transcript (LINC-PINT) in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) was determined by RT-PCR. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to examine LINC-PINT expression in paired ccRCC samples and cell lines. The relationship of LINC-PINT expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcome was analyzed. The biological function of LINC-PINT was studied by MTS and colony formation. The flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The subcelluar fractionation and RIP assay was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of LINC-PINT. Western blotting and immunofluorescence was carried out to examine EZH2 and p53. Results: We found that the LINC-PINT was frequently upregulated in ccRCC samples. Furthermore, we observed that the level of LINC-PINT depended on gender as well as on pT and TNM stage of patients with ccRCC. Moreover, patients with high LINC-PINT expression had poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Functionally, overexpression of LINC-PINT promoted ccRCC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis. LINC-PINT was primarily located in cell nuclei and interacted with EZH2. When EZH2 was knocked down in 769P and OS-RC-2 cells overexpressing LINC-PINT, the effect of LINC-PINT on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was partially reversed. Additionally, inducing p53 by doxorubicin (Dox) promoted LINC-PINT expression. Conclusion: Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the important role of LINC-PINT in ccRCC development and indicate that LINC-PINT may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Duan
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Xuan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Gong
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Ma
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Pang
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongji Yan
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, PLA Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
3-deazaneplanocin A protects against cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis and acute kidney injury by restoration of E-cadherin expression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 31043583 PMCID: PMC6494881 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3-deazaneplanocin A (3-DZNeP) has been used as an inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Here, we explore the role and underlying mechanisms action of 3-DZNeP in abrogating cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Exposure of cultured mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) to cisplatin resulted in dose and time-dependent cleavage of caspase-3, decrease of cell viability, and increase of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), whereas expression levels of EZH2, a major methyltransferase of H3K27me3, were not affected. Treatment with 3-DZNeP significantly inhibited cisplatin-induced activation of caspase-3, apoptosis, loss of cell viability but did not alter levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in cultured mTECs. 3-DZNeP treatment did not affect activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 or c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) 1/2, which contribute to renal epithelial cell death, but caused dose-dependent restoration of E-cadherin in mTECs exposed to cisplatin. Silencing of E-cadherin expression by siRNA abolished the cytoprotective effects of 3-DZNeP. In contrast, 3-DZNeP treatment potentiated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in H1299, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line that expresses lower E-cadherin levels. Finally, administration of 3-DZNeP attenuated renal dysfunction, morphological damage, and renal tubular cell death, which was accompanied by E-cadherin preservation, in a mouse model of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Overall, these data indicate that 3-DZNeP suppresses cisplatin-induced tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and acute kidney injury via an E-cadherin-dependent mechanism, and suggest that combined application of 3-DZNeP with cisplatin would be a novel chemotherapeutic strategy that enhances the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and reduces its nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Perotti V, Baldassari P, Molla A, Nicolini G, Bersani I, Grazia G, Benigni F, Maurichi A, Santinami M, Anichini A, Mortarini R. An actionable axis linking NFATc2 to EZH2 controls the EMT-like program of melanoma cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4384-4396. [PMID: 30710146 PMCID: PMC6756060 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of new actionable targets and functional networks in melanoma is an urgent need as only a fraction of metastatic patients achieves durable clinical benefit by targeted therapy or immunotherapy approaches. Here we show that NFATc2 expression is associated with an EMT-like transcriptional program and with an invasive melanoma phenotype, as shown by analysis of melanoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels, interrogation of the TCGA melanoma dataset and characterization of melanoma lesions by immunohistochemistry. Gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of NFATc2 downregulated EMT-related genes and AXL, and suppressed c-Myc, FOXM1, and EZH2. Targeting of c-Myc suppressed FOXM1 and EZH2, while targeting of FOXM1 suppressed EZH2. Inhibition of c-Myc, or FOXM1, or EZH2 downregulated EMT-related gene expression, upregulated MITF and suppressed migratory and invasive activity of neoplastic cells. Stable silencing of NFATc2 impaired melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in SCID mice. In NFATc2+ EZH2+ melanoma cell lines pharmacological co-targeting of NFATc2 and EZH2 exerted strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, irrespective of BRAF or NRAS mutations and of BRAF inhibitor resistance. These results provide preclinical evidence for a role of NFATc2 in shaping the EMT-like melanoma phenotype and reveal a targetable vulnerability associated with NFATc2 and EZH2 expression in melanoma cells belonging to different mutational subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perotti
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Baldassari
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Molla
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bersani
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grazia
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- HuMabs Biomed, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ramakrishnan S, Granger V, Rak M, Hu Q, Attwood K, Aquila L, Krishnan N, Osiecki R, Azabdaftari G, Guru K, Chatta G, Gueron G, McNally L, Ohm J, Wang J, Woloszynska A. Inhibition of EZH2 induces NK cell-mediated differentiation and death in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2100-2114. [PMID: 30692641 PMCID: PMC6748105 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and members of the Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) family are known to counteract the activity of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), which is often overexpressed and is associated with poor prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Here we provide evidence that alterations in chromatin modifying enzymes, including KDM6A and members of the SWI/SNF complex, are frequent in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We exploit the loss of function mutations in KDM6A and SWI/SNF complex to make bladder cancer cells susceptible to EZH2-based epigenetic therapy that activates an immune response to drive tumor cell differentiation and death. We reveal a novel mechanism of action of EZH2 inhibition, alone and in combination with cisplatin, which induces immune signaling with the largest changes observed in interferon gamma (IFN-γ). This upregulation is a result of activated natural killer (NK) signaling as demonstrated by the increase in NK cell-associated genes MIP-1α, ICAM1, ICAM2, and CD86 in xenografts treated with EZH2 inhibitors. Conversely, EZH2 inhibition results in decreased expression of pluripotency markers, ALDH2 and CK5, and increased cell death. Our results reveal a novel sensitivity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells with KMD6A and SWI/SNF mutations to EZH2 inhibition alone and in combination with cisplatin. This sensitivity is mediated through increased NK cell-related signaling resulting in tumor cell differentiation and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Victoria Granger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007, Krakow, Poland
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Lanni Aquila
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Nithya Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine-GU Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, CABA, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lacey McNally
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Joyce Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Monteiro-Reis S, Lobo J, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic Mechanisms Influencing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E297. [PMID: 30642115 PMCID: PMC6358899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most incident neoplasms worldwide, and its treatment remains a significant challenge, since the mechanisms underlying disease progression are still poorly understood. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proven to play an important role in the tumorigenic process, particularly in cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Several studies have reported the importance of epigenetic mechanisms and enzymes, which orchestrate them in several features of cancer cells and, specifically, in EMT. In this paper, we discuss the epigenetic enzymes, protein-coding and non-coding genes, and mechanisms altered in the EMT process occurring in bladder cancer cells, as well as its implications, which allows for improved understanding of bladder cancer biology and for the development of novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han X, Piao L, Yuan X, Wang L, Liu Z, He X. Knockdown of NSD2 Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1404-1411. [PMID: 31692936 PMCID: PMC6818196 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 85% of all primary kidney neoplasms, which is one of top 10 common cancers worldwide. Nuclear receptor suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax (SET) domain-containing 2 (NSD2), belonging to NSD protein family, functions as an oncogene in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. Methods: GEO database was used to analyze the expression of NSD2 mRNA in renal cancer. Furthermore, NSD2 protein level in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Knockdown efficiency of different siRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The biological role and molecular mechanism of NSD2 in RCC metastasis were investigated via a series of functional experiments. Results: NSD2 mRNA was massively amplified in several types of renal cancer, especially in metastatic ccRCC. The expression level of NSD2 protein was elevated in ccRCC tissues, but not correlated with pathological grading. The migratory and invasive properties were significantly repressed in NSD2-silenced RCC cells, concurrent with an increase of E-cadherin expression and a decrease of N-cadherin and Vimentin expression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of NSD2 could potently suppress cell migration and invasion through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), indicating that NSD2 may be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 213001, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Increased expression of EZH2 indicates aggressive potential of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17792. [PMID: 30542123 PMCID: PMC6290761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we attempt to better define the long-term outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a Chinese population and to investigate the relationship between EZH2 protein expression levels and the clinicopathological parameters and outcomes in patients with UC. We detected the relative EZH2 protein expression levels by immunohistochemistry in tumour specimens from a cohort of 189 Chinese UC patients. In patients who underwent RC, the 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 69% and 61% respectively. EZH2 expression was increased in UC compared with normal urothelium. The expression levels of EZH2 were elevated in parallel with tumour stage (p = 0.001) and tumour grade (p = 0.001) and were increased in cases with lymph node metastasis compared with node-negative cases (p = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that higher EZH2 expression was related to significantly shorter CSS and OS in patients who underwent RC. High EZH2 expression was associated with worse CSS (HR = 3.51; p = 0.037) and OS (HR = 2.15; p = 0.047) in the univariate analysis, but only lymph node invasion maintained its predictive value for CSS in a multivariate model. This contemporary and homogeneous single-centre series found acceptable outcomes for Chinese UC patients who underwent RC. Clinically, our retrospective studies suggest that EZH2 levels can be used to identify more aggressive phenotypes in UC patients, thereby improving our prognostic knowledge.
Collapse
|
31
|
Song Y, Wang R, Li LW, Liu X, Wang YF, Wang QX, Zhang Q. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR mediates the switching of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation to methylation to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:77-86. [PMID: 30431069 PMCID: PMC6254860 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), a well-known long non-coding RNA, plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we propose a novel mechanism through which HOTAIR promotes EMT by switching histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation to methylation at the E-cadherin promoter, which induces the transcriptional inhibition of E-cadherin. HOTAIR recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to catalyze H3K27me3; however, whether HOTAIR is associated with the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27, a marker of transcriptional activation, and the mechanisms through which HOTAIR triggers the metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) by epigenetic regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, HOTAIR knockdown significantly reversed EMT by increasing the expression of E-cadherin in GC cells. Additionally, the loss of PRC2 activity induced by HOTAIR knockdown resulted in a global decrease in H3K27 methylation and an increase in H3K27 acetylation. Furthermore, HOTAIR recruits PRC2 (which consists of H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, SUZ12 and EED), which may inhibit the reaction between the acetyltransferase CBP and H3K27 acetylation. On the whole, the findings of this study suggested that the HOTAIR-mediated acetylation to methylation switch was associated with the transcriptional inhibition of E-cadherin. HOTAIR can promote the development of GC through the epigenetic regulation of E-cadherin, switching the state of the E-cadherin promoter from the transcriptionally active to the transcriptionally repressive state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Xue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He W, Zhong G, Wang P, Jiang C, Jiang N, Huang J. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA FENDRR predicts poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:103-112. [PMID: 30655744 PMCID: PMC6313193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA FOXF1 adjacent non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) dysregulation associates with multiple types of human cancer. However, the biological functions of FENDRR in renal cell carcinoma are unresolved. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression level of FENDRR in renal cell carcinoma tissues. An RNA interference assay and ectopic expression experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of FENDRR on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in vitro. RNA immunoprecipitation was conducted to identify proteins associated with FENDRR. It was observed that FENDRR is frequently downregulated in renal cell carcinoma and overexpression of FENDRR attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion and colony growth of renal carcinoma cells. Conversely, knockdown of FENDRR promotes proliferation and invasiveness of renal carcinoma cells. Downregulation of FENDRR associates with poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Mechanistically, it was identified that FENDRR may bind to Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and lysin methyltransferase 2A histone modifying complexes. In summary, FENDRR acts as an tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma and may serve as a candidate target for gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Guangzheng Zhong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 protects against acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1067. [PMID: 30341286 PMCID: PMC6195522 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the established oncogenic and profibrotic functions of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a methyltransferase that induces histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EZH2 and H3K27me3 were upregulated in the murine kidney with AKI induced by either ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or folic acid (FA). Pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 with 3-deazaneplanocin A (3-DZNeP) prevented tubular injury in both models as demonstrated by reduced renal dysfunction, diminished neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin expression and decreased renal tubular cell death. Injury to the kidney resulted in reduced expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, whereas EZH2 inhibition largely preserved their expression. Moreover, 3-DZNep was effective in counteracting the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, as well as the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and ERK1/2 in the injured kidney. Conversely, blocking EZH2 reversed the decrease of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, and Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) in the kidney after acute injury. Similarly, oxidant injury to cultured kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells caused a decrease in the expression of E-cadherin, ZO-1, TIMP-2/-3, and RKIP, as well as an increase in the expression of MMP-2/9 and phosphorylation of Raf-1 ERK1/2. Blocking EZH2 with 3-DZNep or SiRNA hindered these responses. Thus, these results suggest that targeting EZH2 protects against AKI through a mechanism associated with the preservation of adhesion/junctions, reduction of matrix metalloproteinases and attenuation of the Raf-1/ERK1/2 pathway.
Collapse
|
34
|
Shelar S, Shim EH, Brinkley GJ, Kundu A, Carobbio F, Poston T, Tan J, Parekh V, Benson D, Crossman DK, Buckhaults PJ, Rakheja D, Kirkman R, Sato Y, Ogawa S, Dutta S, Velu SE, Emberley E, Pan A, Chen J, Huang T, Absher D, Becker A, Kunick C, Sudarshan S. Biochemical and Epigenetic Insights into L-2-Hydroxyglutarate, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6433-6446. [PMID: 30108105 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevation of L-2-hydroxylgutarate (L-2-HG) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is due in part to reduced expression of L-2-HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). However, the contribution of L-2-HG to renal carcinogenesis and insight into the biochemistry and targets of this small molecule remains to be elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genetic and pharmacologic approaches to modulate L-2-HG levels were assessed for effects on in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. Metabolomics was used to dissect the biochemical mechanisms that promote L-2-HG accumulation in RCC cells. Transcriptomic analysis was utilized to identify relevant targets of L-2-HG. Finally, bioinformatic and metabolomic analyses were used to assess the L-2-HG/L2HGDH axis as a function of patient outcome and cancer progression. RESULTS L2HGDH suppresses both in vitro cell migration and in vivo tumor growth and these effects are mediated by L2HGDH's catalytic activity. Biochemical studies indicate that glutamine is the predominant carbon source for L-2-HG via the activity of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2). Inhibition of the glutamine-MDH2 axis suppresses in vitro phenotypes in an L-2-HG-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo growth of RCC cells with basal elevation of L-2-HG is suppressed by glutaminase inhibition. Transcriptomic and functional analyses demonstrate that the histone demethylase KDM6A is a target of L-2-HG in RCC. Finally, increased L-2-HG levels, L2HGDH copy loss, and lower L2HGDH expression are associated with tumor progression and/or worsened prognosis in patients with RCC. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies provide biochemical and mechanistic insight into the biology of this small molecule and provide new opportunities for treating L-2-HG-driven kidney cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shelar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eun-Hee Shim
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Garrett J Brinkley
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anirban Kundu
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Francesca Carobbio
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tyler Poston
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jubilee Tan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vishwas Parekh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel Benson
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Phillip J Buckhaults
- South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Calorina
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard Kirkman
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shilpa Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadanandan E Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Alison Pan
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Chen
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tony Huang
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Anja Becker
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sunil Sudarshan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanchez DJ, Simon MC. Genetic and metabolic hallmarks of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:23-31. [PMID: 29959988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy characterized by deregulated hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, mutation of several key chromatin modifying enzymes, and numerous alterations in cellular metabolism. Pre-clinical studies have historically been limited to cell culture models, however, the identification of critical tumor suppressors and oncogenes from large-scale patient sequencing data has led to several new genetically engineered mouse models with phenotypes reminiscent of ccRCC. In this review, we summarize recent literature on these topics and discuss how they inform targeted therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Sanchez
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Estrogen receptor β promotes renal cell carcinoma progression via regulating LncRNA HOTAIR-miR-138/200c/204/217 associated CeRNA network. Oncogene 2018; 37:5037-5053. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Liu X, Wu Q, Li L. Functional and therapeutic significance of EZH2 in urological cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38044-38055. [PMID: 28410242 PMCID: PMC5514970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which is overexpressed in numerous cancers and mutated in several others. Notably, EZH2 acts not only a critical epigenetic repressor through its role in histone methylation, it is also an activator of gene expression, acting through multiple signaling pathways in distinct cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that EZH2 is an oncogene and is central to initiation, growth and progression of urological cancers. In this review, we highlight the critical role of EZH2 as a master regulator of tumorigenesis in the prostate, bladder and the kidney through epigenetic control of transcription as well as a modulation of various critical signaling pathways. We also discuss the promise and challenges for EZH2 inhibitors as future anticancer therapeutics, some of which are currently in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ruggero K, Farran-Matas S, Martinez-Tebar A, Aytes A. Epigenetic Regulation in Prostate Cancer Progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:101-115. [PMID: 29888169 PMCID: PMC5976687 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-018-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review An important number of newly identified molecular alterations in prostate cancer affect gene encoding master regulators of chromatin biology epigenetic regulation. This review will provide an updated view of the key epigenetic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression, therapy resistance, and potential actionable mechanisms and biomarkers. Recent Findings Key players in chromatin biology and epigenetic master regulators has been recently described to be crucially altered in metastatic CRPC and tumors that progress to AR independency. As such, epigenetic dysregulation represents a driving mechanism in the reprograming of prostate cancer cells as they lose AR-imposed identity. Summary Chromatin integrity and accessibility for transcriptional regulation are key features altered in cancer progression, and particularly relevant in nuclear hormone receptor-driven tumors like prostate cancer. Understanding how chromatin remodeling dictates prostate development and how its deregulation contributes to prostate cancer onset and progression may improve risk stratification and treatment selection for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Ruggero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Farran-Matas
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Martinez-Tebar
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.,Programs of Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lhuissier E, Aury-Landas J, Bouet V, Bazille C, Repesse Y, Freret T, Boumédiene K, Baugé C. Evaluation of the impact of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin A, on tissue injury and cognitive function in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20698-20708. [PMID: 29755682 PMCID: PMC5945538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients display cognitive impairment due, at least partly, to the treatments. Additionally, chemotherapeutic treatments can lead to organ injury, limiting their use, and are likely to have negative impacts on patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) on several tissues and organs, as well as on cognitive functions. DZNep is an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (in particular of the histone methyltransferase EZH2) which showed antitumoral functions in preclinical trials but whose effects on behavior and on organs (side effects) are not known. Chronic injections of DZNep were performed intraperitoneally in male NMRI mice (2 mg/kg; i.p.; three times per week) during 8 weeks. A follow-up of body weight was assessed during all experiments. Histological analysis were performed on several organs. EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 were assayed by western-blot. Several behavioral tests were performed during treatment and 2 weeks after. A particular focus was made on spontaneous locomotor activity, cognitive functions (spontaneous alternation and recognition memory), and anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Hematological modifications were also assessed. Chronic DZNep treatment transiently reduced animal growth. It had no effect on most organs but provoked a reversible splenomegaly, and persistent testis reduction and erythropoiesis. DZNep administration did not alter animal behavior. In conclusion, this study is encouraging for the use of DZNep for cancer treatment. Indeed, it has no effect on animal behavior, conferring an advantageous safety, and induces irreversible side effects limited on testis which are unfortunately found in most chemotherapy treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BioConnecT, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, Caen, France
| | - Yohann Repesse
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, EFS, PhIND, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Hématologie biologique, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CURB-BRP, Caen, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu K, Deng Y, Weng G, Hu D, Huang C, Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T, Koji T, Zheng X, Jiang W, Lin G, Cai Y, Weng G, Chen X. Analysis of H3K27me3 expression and DNA methylation at CCGG sites in smoking and non-smoking patients with non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6179-6188. [PMID: 29616099 PMCID: PMC5876441 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking frequently leads to epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. The effect that smoking has on the DNA methylation levels at CCGG sites, the expression of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and their interactions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were analyzed. There were a total of 42 patients with NSCLC, 22 with adenocarcinomas and 20 with squamous cell carcinomas enrolled in the present study. Expression of H3K27me3, EZH2 and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) were immunohistochemically detected. DNA methylation at CCGG sites was evaluated via histoendonuclease-linked detection of DNA methylation sites. The apoptotic index of cancerous tissues obtained from patients of different smoking statuses was evaluated via the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method. The association with clinicopathological data was calculated relative to different smoking statuses. Compared with the non-smokers, smokers with NSCLC exhibited a significantly lower apoptotic index (P<0.05), and frequently had a lower level of DNA methylation at CCGG sites, lower H3K27me3 expression and a higher EZH2 expression (P<0.05). DNA methylation levels at CCGG sites were negatively correlated to the Brinkman index (P=0.017). Furthermore, there was a parallel association between the H3K27me3 and EZH2 expression levels in the majority of smokers, whereas in the majority of non-smokers, there was a diverging association (P=0.015). There was a diverging association between the PCNA and EZH2 expression levels in the majority of smokers; however, in the majority of non-smokers, there was a parallel association (P=0.048). In addition, the association between the CCGG methylation ratio and immunohistochemical expression of H3K27me3 was a parallel association in the majority of smokers, while in the majority of non-smokers there was a diverging association (P=0.049). Conclusively, patients with NSCLC and different smoking statuses exhibit different epigenetic characteristics. Additionally, DNA methylation levels at the CCGG sites may have the ability to determine associations between the expression levels of H3K27me3, EZH2 and PCNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunshou Zhu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Weng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Cai
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Weng
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xie Y, Zhang H, Guo XJ, Feng YC, He RZ, Li X, Yu S, Zhao Y, Shen M, Zhu F, Wang X, Wang M, Balakrishnan A, Ott M, Peng F, Qin RY. Let-7c inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth but promotes tumor cell invasion and growth at extrahepatic sites. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29445149 PMCID: PMC5833708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer type with high postoperative relapse rates and poor long-term survival largely due to tumor invasion, distant metastasis, and multidrug resistance. Deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several cancer types including CCA. The specific roles of the miRNA let-7c in cholangiocarcinoma are not known and need to be further elucidated. In our translational study we show that microRNA let-7c expression was significantly downregulated in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues when compared to adjacent tissues of the same patient. Let-7c inhibited the tumorigenic properties of cholangiocarcinoma cells including their self-renewal capacity and sphere formation in vitro and subcutaneous cancer cell growth in vivo. Ectopic let-7c overexpression suppressed migration and invasion capacities of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in vitro, however, promoted distant invasiveness in vivo. Furthermore, we found that let-7c regulated the aforementioned malignant biological properties, at least in part, through regulation of EZH2 protein expression and through the DVL3/β-catenin axis. The miRNA let-7c thus plays an important dual role in regulating tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of human cholangiocarcinoma through mechanisms involving EZH2 protein and the DVL3/β-catenin axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xing-Jun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ye-Chen Feng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rui-Zhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Ren-Yi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
EZH2 promotes metabolic reprogramming in glioblastomas through epigenetic repression of EAF2-HIF1α signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45134-45143. [PMID: 27259264 PMCID: PMC5216711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells prefer glycolysis for energy metabolism, even when there is sufficient oxygen to make it unnecessary. This is called the Warburg effect, and it promotes tumorigenesis and malignant progression. In this study, we demonstrated that EZH2, a multifaceted oncogenic protein involved in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis and malignant progression through activation of the Warburg effect. We observed that HIF1α is a target of EZH2 whose activation is necessary for EZH2-mediated metabolic adaption, and that HIF1α is activated upon EZH2 overexpression. EZH2 suppressed expression of EAF2, which in turn upregulated HIF1α levels. We conclude from these results that EZH2 promotes tumorigenesis and malignant progression in part by activating glycolysis through an EAF2-HIF1α signaling axis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang M, Zhao Z, Duan X, Chen P, Peng Z, Qiu H. FSCN1 predicts survival and is regulated by a PI3K-dependent mechanism in renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4748-4758. [PMID: 29148041 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While overexpression of FSCN1 is reported in several cancers, the prognostic significance of FSCN1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unclear. We retrospectively enrolled 194 patients with non-metastatic clear-cell RCC undergoing nephrectomy in our center between 2008 and 2011. FSCN1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and its association with clinicopathologic features and survival were evaluated. Functional effects of a modulated FSCN1 expression were analyzed with regard to invasion in RCC cell lines and metastasis in vivo. Here, we reported that FSCN1 was up-regulated in RCC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues, and associated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Its expression was not associated with age, tumor size, and clinical TNM stage. The incorporation of FSCN1 into the T stage and histologic grade would help to refine individual risk stratification. Preclinical studies using multiple RCC cells and orthotopic xenografts mice model indicated that FSCN1 could promote RCC cell invasion in vitro, and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, overexpression of FSCN1 led to an up-regulation of MMP9 and N-Cadherin. Notably, treating RCC cells with PI3 K/AKT inhibitors or knockdown GSK-3β decreased the expression of FSCN1, and then attenuated RCC invasion. Together, our results demonstrate that FSCN as an oncogene is a potential novel prognostic biomarker for RCC patients after nephrectomy, and can promote RCC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of VIP, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Department of VIP, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu L, Luo Q, Sun J, Ju Y, Morita Y, Song G. Chromatin organization regulated by EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 is required for OPN-induced migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:29-39. [PMID: 29337251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemokine-like extracellular matrix-associated protein involved in the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). An increasing number of studies have found that chromatin organization may affect cellular migration. However, whether OPN regulates chromatin organization is not understood, nor are the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the link between chromatin organization and BMSC migration and demonstrated that OPN-mediated BMSC migration leads to elevated levels of heterochromatin marker histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) through the methyltransferase EZH2. The expression of EZH2 reorganizes the chromatin structure of BMSCs. Pharmacological inhibition or depletion of EZH2 blocks BMSC migration. Moreover, using an atomic force microscope (AFM), we found that chromatin decondensation alters the mechanical properties of the nucleus. In addition, inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signals represses OPN-promoted chromatin condensation and cell migration. Thus, our results identify a mechanism by which ERK1/2 signalling drives specific chromatin modifications in BMSCs, which alters chromatin organization and thereby enables OPN-mediated BMSC migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Han T, Jiao F, Hu H, Yuan C, Wang L, Jin ZL, Song WF, Wang LW. EZH2 promotes cell migration and invasion but not alters cell proliferation by suppressing E-cadherin, partly through association with MALAT-1 in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11194-207. [PMID: 26848980 PMCID: PMC4905466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an essential component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is required for epigenetic silencing of target genes, including those affecting cancer progression. Its role in pancreatic cancer remains to be clarified; therefore, we investigated the effects of aberrantly expressed EZH2 on pancreatic cancer. We found that EZH2 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage in pancreatic cancer patients. EZH2 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cell lines inhibited cell migration and invasion, but did not alter cell proliferation. Silencing of EZH2 also increased E-cadherin expression in vitro, and E-cadherin expression was inversely correlated with EZH2 expression in pancreatic cancer tissue samples. Patients with high EZH2 and low E-cadherin expression had the worst prognosis. RIP and ChIP assays suggest that EZH2 is recruited to the E-cadherin promoter by the long non-coding RNA, MALAT-1 (metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), where it represses E-cadherin expression. Our results show that EZH2-based therapies may be an option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cuncun Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zi-Liang Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei-Feng Song
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ho TH, Kapur P, Eckel-Passow JE, Christie A, Joseph RW, Serie DJ, Cheville JC, Thompson RH, Homayoun F, Panwar V, Brugarolas J, Parker AS. Multicenter Validation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Expression as an Independent Prognostic Marker in Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3706-3713. [PMID: 28976794 PMCID: PMC5678341 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a chromatin remodeler, is implicated in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the effect of EZH2 on outcomes in localized ccRCC is unclear, and molecular biomarkers are not currently integrated into prognostic models or adjuvant therapy trials. Methods We performed Cox regression to evaluate the association of tumor-based EZH2 gene and protein expression with survival in three independent cohorts: a cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 532), a cohort from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (n = 122), and a cohort from Mayo Clinic (n = 1,338). Analyses were adjusted for the prognostic stage, size, grade, and necrosis (SSIGN) score as well as within low-, intermediate-, and high-risk SSIGN groups. Results Patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort with EZH2-high gene expression were 1.5 times more likely to experience overall death than patients with EZH2-low expression (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3; P = .028). Patients in the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center cohort with EZH2-high protein expression were two times more likely to experience overall death than patients with EZH2-low expression (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4; P = .034). Similarly, patients in the Mayo Clinic cohort with EZH2-high protein expression were 1.4 times more likely to experience overall death (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.7; P < .001). Patients in the Mayo Clinic cohort with EZH2-high protein expression were nearly two times more likely to experience RCC-specific death (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.6; P < .001); EZH2 protein expression was particularly prognostic among patients with low-risk SSIGN tumors (HR, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.4 to 11.1; P < .001). Conclusion EZH2 expression accurately predicts risk of RCC death beyond existing clinicopathologic models, particularly in low- and intermediate-risk SSIGN tumors. Further studies are required to incorporate molecular biomarkers into surveillance guidelines and adjuvant clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thai Huu Ho
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Payal Kapur
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jeanette E Eckel-Passow
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Alana Christie
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Richard W Joseph
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Daniel J Serie
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John C Cheville
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - R Houston Thompson
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Farrah Homayoun
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Vandana Panwar
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - James Brugarolas
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Alexander S Parker
- Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, John C. Cheville, and R. Houston Thompson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Payal Kapur, Alana Christie, Vandana Panwar, and James Brugarolas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Payal Kapur, Farrah Homayoun, and James Brugarolas, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Richard W. Joseph, Daniel J. Serie, and Alexander S. Parker, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wen X, Han X, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhuang J, Zhang Z, Shan Q, Li M, Hu B, Sun C, Wu Q, Tan J, Wu D, Lu J, Zheng Y. Retracted
: Effects of long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1‐mediated EZH2 on the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xin‐Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yong‐Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Shao‐Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
- School of Environment Science and Spatial InformaticsChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouP. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco‐Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze LakeSchool of Life SciencesHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuaianP. R. China
| | - Zi‐Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Meng‐Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun‐Hua Tan
- Department of OncologyCangzhou Central HospitalCangzhouP. R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Life ScienceJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhouP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen WM, Chen WD, Jiang XM, Jia XF, Wang HM, Zhang QJ, Shu YQ, Zhao HB. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA represses E-cadherin expression by binding to EZH2 in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6100-6110. [PMID: 28970725 PMCID: PMC5597501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the mechanisms of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in gastric cancer (GC) migration and invasion.
METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of HOTAIR in GC tissues. The correlation of its expression with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of HOTAIR. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the biological effects of HOTAIR in GC cells. qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation was used for the analysis of EZH2 interactions with HOTAIR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to investigate direct interactions between EZH2 and E-cadherin.
RESULTS The expression of HOTAIR was up-regulated in GC tumorous tissues compared with the para-tumorous tissues (P < 0.001). Its over-expression was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.024), tumor invasion (P = 0.018), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), and poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed expression of HOTAIR as an independent predictor of overall survival (P = 0.033), together with TNM stage (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002). The AUCROC was up to 0.709 (95%CI: 0.623-0.785, P < 0.001). Knockdown of HOTAIR by siRNA in GC cells suppressed the migration and invasion of GC cells. Significantly negative correlation between HOTAIR and E-cadherin was found in GC tissues and cell lines, and HOTAIR contributed to the regulation of E-cadherin through binding to EZH2 with the E-cadherin promoter.
CONCLUSION HOTAIR may play a pivotal role in tumor cell migration and invasion. It can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for GC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jining City, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Jia
- Department of Oncology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- The Special Hospital Serving the Municipal Officials of Jining City, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Qian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Epigenome Aberrations: Emerging Driving Factors of the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081774. [PMID: 28812986 PMCID: PMC5578163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of Kidney cancer, is characterized by frequent mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in ~85% of sporadic cases. Loss of pVHL function affects multiple cellular processes, among which the activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is the best-known function. Constitutive activation of HIF signaling in turn activates hundreds of genes involved in numerous oncogenic pathways, which contribute to the development or progression of ccRCC. Although VHL mutations are considered as drivers of ccRCC, they are not sufficient to cause the disease. Recent genome-wide sequencing studies of ccRCC have revealed that mutations of genes coding for epigenome modifiers and chromatin remodelers, including PBRM1, SETD2 and BAP1, are the most common somatic genetic abnormalities after VHL mutations in these tumors. Moreover, recent research has shed light on the extent of abnormal epigenome alterations in ccRCC tumors, including aberrant DNA methylation patterns, abnormal histone modifications and deregulated expression of non-coding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic modifiers that are commonly mutated in ccRCC, and our growing knowledge of the cellular processes that are impacted by them. Furthermore, we explore new avenues for developing therapeutic approaches based on our knowledge of epigenome aberrations of ccRCC.
Collapse
|