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Naudi-Fabra S, Elena-Real CA, Vedel IM, Tengo M, Motzny K, Jiang PL, Schmieder P, Liu F, Milles S. An extended interaction site determines binding between AP180 and AP2 in clathrin mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5884. [PMID: 39003270 PMCID: PMC11246429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The early phases of clathrin mediated endocytosis are organized through a highly complex interaction network mediated by clathrin associated sorting proteins (CLASPs) that comprise long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). AP180 is a CLASP exclusively expressed in neurons and comprises a long IDR of around 600 residues, whose function remains partially elusive. Using NMR spectroscopy, we discovered an extended and strong interaction site within AP180 with the major adaptor protein AP2, and describe its binding dynamics at atomic resolution. We find that the 70 residue-long site determines the overall interaction between AP180 and AP2 in a dynamic equilibrium between its bound and unbound states, while weaker binding sites contribute to the overall affinity at much higher concentrations of AP2. Our data suggest that this particular interaction site might play a central role in recruitment of adaptors to the clathrin coated pit, whereas more transient and promiscuous interactions allow reshaping of the interaction network until cargo uptake inside a coated vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Naudi-Fabra
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos A Elena-Real
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ida Marie Vedel
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maud Tengo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Kathrin Motzny
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pin-Lian Jiang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Milles
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Powell SK, Liao W, O’Shea C, Kammourh S, Ghorbani S, Rigat R, Elahi R, Deans PJM, Le DJ, Agarwal P, Seow WQ, Wang KC, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Schizophrenia Risk Mapping and Functional Engineering of the 3D Genome in Three Neuronal Subtypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549339. [PMID: 37502907 PMCID: PMC10370055 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Common variants associated with schizophrenia are concentrated in non-coding regulatory sequences, but their precise target genes are context-dependent and impacted by cell-type-specific three-dimensional spatial chromatin organization. Here, we map long-range chromosomal conformations in isogenic human dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons to track developmentally programmed shifts in the regulatory activity of schizophrenia risk loci. Massive repressive compartmentalization, concomitant with the emergence of hundreds of neuron-specific multi-valent chromatin architectural stripes, occurs during neuronal differentiation, with genes interconnected to genetic risk loci through these long-range chromatin structures differing in their biological roles from genes more proximal to sequences conferring heritable risk. Chemically induced CRISPR-guided chromosomal loop-engineering for the proximal risk gene SNAP91 and distal risk gene BHLHE22 profoundly alters synaptic development and functional activity. Our findings highlight the large-scale cell-type-specific reorganization of chromosomal conformations at schizophrenia risk loci during neurodevelopment and establish a causal link between risk-associated gene-regulatory loop structures and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Powell
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Callan O’Shea
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Sarah Kammourh
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Sadaf Ghorbani
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Raymond Rigat
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Rahat Elahi
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - PJ Michael Deans
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
| | - Derek J. Le
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Poonam Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
| | - Wei Qiang Seow
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
| | - Kevin C. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, California, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kristen J. Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, 06511
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3
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Jorgenson LM, Knight L, Widner RE, Rucks EA. Eukaryotic Clathrin Adapter Protein and Mediator of Cholesterol Homeostasis, PICALM, Affects Trafficking to the Chlamydial Inclusion. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:1-13. [PMID: 36779337 PMCID: PMC9980547 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2171695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis has unique metabolic requirements as it proceeds through its biphasic developmental cycle from within the inclusion within the host cell. In our previous study, we identified a host protein, PICALM, which localizes to the chlamydial inclusion. PICALM functions in many host pathways including the recycling of receptors, specific SNARE proteins, and molecules like transferrin, and maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Hence, we hypothesized that PICALM functions to maintain the cholesterol content and to moderate trafficking from the endosomal recycling pathway to the inclusion, which controls chlamydial access to this pathway. In uninfected cells, siRNA knockdown of PICALM resulted in increased cholesterol within the Golgi and transferrin receptor (TfR) positive vesicles (recycling endosomes). PICALM knockdown in cells infected with C. trachomatis resulted in increased levels of Golgi-derived lipid and protein, TfR, transferrin, and Rab11-FIP1 localized to inclusions and a decrease of Golgi fragmentation at and Rab11 trafficking to the inclusion. Interestingly, chlamydial infection alone also increases cholesterol in TfR and Rab11-associated vesicles, and PICALM knockdown reverses this effect. Our data suggest that PICALM functions to balance or limit chlamydial access to multiple subcellular trafficking pathways to maintain the health of the host cell during chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Jorgenson
- UNeMed Corporation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lindsey Knight
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ray E. Widner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Rucks
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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4
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Kurishev AO, Karpov DS, Nadolinskaia NI, Goncharenko AV, Golimbet VE. CRISPR/Cas-Based Approaches to Study Schizophrenia and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:241. [PMID: 36613684 PMCID: PMC9820593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) at the molecular level is challenging because of the complexity of neural circuits and the huge number of specialized cell types. Moreover, genomic association studies have revealed the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and other genetically determined mental disorders. Investigating such complex genetic architecture to decipher the molecular basis of CNS pathologies requires the use of high-throughput models such as cells and their derivatives. The time is coming for high-throughput genetic technologies based on CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat)/Cas systems to manipulate multiple genomic targets. CRISPR/Cas systems provide the desired complexity, versatility, and flexibility to create novel genetic tools capable of both altering the DNA sequence and affecting its function at higher levels of genetic information flow. CRISPR/Cas tools make it possible to find and investigate the intricate relationship between the genotype and phenotype of neuronal cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss innovative CRISPR-based approaches for studying the molecular mechanisms of CNS pathologies using cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nonna I. Nadolinskaia
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Goncharenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Tonner H, Hunn S, Auler N, Schmelter C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Dynamin-like Protein 1 (DNML1) as a Molecular Target for Antibody-Based Immunotherapy to Treat Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113618. [PMID: 36362420 PMCID: PMC9654827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the main characteristic of glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Previous studies have shown that impaired mitochondrial dynamics could facilitate retinal neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated directly (fission) or more indirectly (fusion) by dynamin-like protein 1 (DNML1). Therefore, DNM1L might be a promising target for an antibody-based approach to treat glaucoma. The consequences of targeting endogenous DNM1L by antibodies in a glaucoma animal model have not been investigated yet. Here, we show that the intravitreal application of an anti-DNM1L antibody showed protective effects regarding the survival of RGCs and their axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Antibody treatment also improved retinal functionality, as observed by electroretinography (Ganzfeld ERG). Western blot analysis revealed altered DNM1L phosphorylation and altered expression of proteins related to apoptosis suggesting a decreased apoptosis rate. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed 28 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated proteins (p < 0.05) in both experimental groups. Protein pathway analysis showed that many proteins interacted directly with the target protein DNM1L and could be classified into three main protein clusters: Vesicle traffic-associated (NSF, SNCA, ARF1), mitochondrion-associated (HSP9A, SLC25A5/ANT2, GLUD1) and cytoskeleton-associated (MAP1A) signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that DNM1L is a promising target for an antibody-based approach to glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-3328; Fax: +49-6131-4970563
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6
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Aniento F, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Dagdas Y, Rojas-Pierce M, Russinova E. Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:146-173. [PMID: 34550393 PMCID: PMC8773984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Gallegos M, Hermes A, Patra D. Creation of a functional unc-11/PICALM GFP knock-in by CRISPR. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000389. [PMID: 33937722 PMCID: PMC8082290 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
unc-11 is the only C. elegans ortholog of mammalian PICALM/AP180, paralogs that play an important role in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis (CME) and the recycling of a subset of SNAREs, the vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs). In this publication we report the creation of a new unc-11 allele that is endogenously-tagged with GFP just upstream of the stop codon. Moreover, we demonstrate that the UNC-11::GFP fusion protein functions like wild type with an expression pattern similar to UNC-11 antibody staining described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gallegos
- California State University, East Bay,
Correspondence to: Maria Gallegos ()
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8
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Camblor-Perujo S, Kononenko NL. Brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery. FEBS J 2021; 289:2219-2246. [PMID: 33896112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process required for multiple physiological functions, including communication with the extracellular environment, nutrient uptake, and signaling by the cell surface receptors. In a broad sense, endocytosis is accomplished through either constitutive or ligand-induced invagination of the plasma membrane, which results in the formation of the plasma membrane-retrieved endocytic vesicles, which can either be sent for degradation to the lysosomes or recycled back to the PM. This additional function of endocytosis in membrane retrieval has been adopted by excitable cells, such as neurons, for membrane equilibrium maintenance at synapses. The last two decades were especially productive with respect to the identification of brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery, which additionally include but not limited to regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration, maintenance of neuron morphology and synaptic plasticity, and prevention of neurotoxic aggregates spreading. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of brain-specific functions of endocytic machinery with a specific focus on three brain cell types, neuronal progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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9
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Arun S, Chaiyamoon A, Lapyuneyong N, Bunsueb S, Wu ATH, Iamsaard S. Chronic stress affects tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and secretion of male rat epididymis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13981. [PMID: 33469986 DOI: 10.1111/and.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is shown to decrease the semen quality with changed expression of tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in testicular and seminal tissues. However, the alterations of such proteins and fluid contents in the epididymis, producing sperm maturation factors, have never been reported. Sixteen adult rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8). The control animals were not subjected to stressors whereas CS rats were immobilised within restraint cage (4 hr/day) before cold forced-water swimming (15 min/day) for 60 days. Corticosterone, testosterone, blood glucose level (BGL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical components in epididymal fluid were assayed. Expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), androgen receptor (AR) and TyrPho protein were investigated in epididymal tissue and fluid. Significantly, CS increased the corticosterone and BGL but decreased testosterone and epididymal substance levels. MDA level in tail epididymal fluid and HSP-70 expression in both regions of epididymal tissues and fluids, except in head epididymal fluid of CS were increased. Epididymal tissues showed the decrease of AR expression. Presence and changes of many TyrPho proteins were observed in CS. In conclusion, CS could affect functional proteins particularly TyrPho in epididymis, resulted in low semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Natthapol Lapyuneyong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudtida Bunsueb
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alexander Tsang-Hsien Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Overhoff M, De Bruyckere E, Kononenko NL. Mechanisms of neuronal survival safeguarded by endocytosis and autophagy. J Neurochem 2020; 157:263-296. [PMID: 32964462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple aspects of neuronal physiology crucially depend on two cellular pathways, autophagy and endocytosis. During endocytosis, extracellular components either unbound or recognized by membrane-localized receptors (termed "cargo") become internalized into plasma membrane-derived vesicles. These can serve to either recycle the material back to the plasma membrane or send it for degradation to lysosomes. Autophagy also uses lysosomes as a terminal degradation point, although instead of degrading the plasma membrane-derived cargo, autophagy eliminates detrimental cytosolic material and intracellular organelles, which are transported to lysosomes by means of double-membrane vesicles, referred to as autophagosomes. Neurons, like all non-neuronal cells, capitalize on autophagy and endocytosis to communicate with the environment and maintain protein and organelle homeostasis. Additionally, the highly polarized, post-mitotic nature of neurons made them adopt these two pathways for cell-specific functions. These include the maintenance of the synaptic vesicle pool in the pre-synaptic terminal and the long-distance transport of signaling molecules. Originally discovered independently from each other, it is now clear that autophagy and endocytosis are closely interconnected and share several common participating molecules. Considering the crucial role of autophagy and endocytosis in cell type-specific functions in neurons, it is not surprising that defects in both pathways have been linked to the pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the recent knowledge of the role of endocytosis and autophagy in neurons with a special focus on synaptic physiology and discuss how impairments in genes coding for autophagy and endocytosis proteins can cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elodie De Bruyckere
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Yu Y, Niccoli T, Ren Z, Woodling NS, Aleyakpo B, Szabadkai G, Partridge L. PICALM rescues glutamatergic neurotransmission, behavioural function and survival in a Drosophila model of Aβ42 toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2420-2434. [PMID: 32592479 PMCID: PMC7424762 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Genome-wide association studies have linked PICALM to AD risk. PICALM has been implicated in Aβ42 production and turnover, but whether it plays a direct role in modulating Aβ42 toxicity remains unclear. We found that increased expression of the Drosophila PICALM orthologue lap could rescue Aβ42 toxicity in an adult-onset model of AD, without affecting Aβ42 level. Imbalances in the glutamatergic system, leading to excessive, toxic stimulation, have been associated with AD. We found that Aβ42 caused the accumulation of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter (VGlut) and increased spontaneous glutamate release. Increased lap expression reversed these phenotypes back to control levels, suggesting that lap may modulate glutamatergic transmission. We also found that lap modulated the localization of amphiphysin (Amph), the homologue of another AD risk factor BIN1, and that Amph itself modulated postsynaptic glutamate receptor (GluRII) localization. We propose a model where PICALM modulates glutamatergic transmission, together with BIN1, to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yu
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nathaniel S Woodling
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin Aleyakpo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
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12
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Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
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Kroll J, Özçete ÖD, Jung S, Maritzen T, Milosevic I, Wichmann C, Moser T. AP180 promotes release site clearance and clathrin-dependent vesicle reformation in mouse cochlear inner hair cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.236737. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput neurotransmission at ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) requires tight coupling of neurotransmitter release and balanced recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) as well as rapid restoration of release sites. Here, we examined the role of the adaptor protein AP180 for IHC synaptic transmission in AP180-KO mice using high-pressure freezing and electron tomography, confocal microscopy, patch-clamp membrane-capacitance measurements and systems physiology. AP180 was found predominantly at the synaptic pole of IHCs. AP180-deficient IHCs had severely reduced SV numbers, slowed endocytic membrane retrieval, and accumulated endocytic intermediates near ribbon synapses, indicating that AP180 is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis and SV reformation in IHCs. Moreover, AP180 deletion led to a high prevalence of SVs in a multi-tethered or docked state after stimulation, a reduced rate of SV replenishment, and a hearing impairment. We conclude that, in addition to its role in clathrin recruitment, AP180 contributes to release site clearance in IHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kroll
- Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics Group, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen – A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max-Planck-Society, Göttingen, Germany
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, InnerEarLab and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neuroscience and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Özge Demet Özçete
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neuroscience and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuro Modulation and Neuro Circuitry Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 138667 Singapore
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ira Milosevic
- Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics Group, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen – A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max-Planck-Society, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wichmann
- Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, InnerEarLab and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Haucke V, Kozlov MM. Membrane remodeling in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/17/jcs216812. [PMID: 30177505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular mechanism by which all eukaryotic cells regulate their plasma membrane composition to control processes ranging from cell signaling to adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. The formation of endocytic vesicles and tubules involves extensive protein-mediated remodeling of the plasma membrane that is organized in space and time by protein-protein and protein-phospholipid interactions. Recent studies combining high-resolution imaging with genetic manipulations of the endocytic machinery and with theoretical approaches have led to novel multifaceted phenomenological data of the temporal and spatial organization of the endocytic reaction. This gave rise to various - often conflicting - models as to how endocytic proteins and their association with lipids regulate the endocytic protein choreography to reshape the plasma membrane. In this Review, we discuss these findings in light of the hypothesis that endocytic membrane remodeling may be determined by an interplay between protein-protein interactions, the ability of proteins to generate and sense membrane curvature, and the ability of lipids to stabilize and reinforce the generated membrane shape through adopting their lateral distribution to the local membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany .,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Candiello E, Mishra R, Schmidt B, Jahn O, Schu P. Differential regulation of synaptic AP-2/clathrin vesicle uncoating in synaptic plasticity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15781. [PMID: 29150658 PMCID: PMC5694008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AP-1/σ1B-deficiency causes X-linked intellectual disability. AP-1/σ1B -/- mice have impaired synaptic vesicle recycling, fewer synaptic vesicles and enhanced endosome maturation mediated by AP-1/σ1A. Despite defects in synaptic vesicle recycling synapses contain two times more endocytic AP-2 clathrin-coated vesicles. We demonstrate increased formation of two classes of AP-2/clathrin coated vesicles. One which uncoats readily and a second with a stabilised clathrin coat. Coat stabilisation is mediated by three molecular mechanisms: reduced recruitment of Hsc70 and synaptojanin1 and enhanced μ2/AP-2 phosphorylation and activation. Stabilised AP-2 vesicles are enriched in the structural active zone proteins Git1 and stonin2 and synapses contain more Git1. Endocytosis of the synaptic vesicle exocytosis regulating Munc13 isoforms are differentially effected. Regulation of synaptic protein endocytosis by the differential stability of AP-2/clathrin coats is a novel molecular mechanism of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermes Candiello
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ratnakar Mishra
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmidt
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- The Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Proteomics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schu
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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16
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Kaempf N, Maritzen T. Safeguards of Neurotransmission: Endocytic Adaptors as Regulators of Synaptic Vesicle Composition and Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:320. [PMID: 29085282 PMCID: PMC5649181 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between neurons relies on neurotransmitters which are released from synaptic vesicles (SVs) upon Ca2+ stimuli. To efficiently load neurotransmitters, sense the rise in intracellular Ca2+ and fuse with the presynaptic membrane, SVs need to be equipped with a stringently controlled set of transmembrane proteins. In fact, changes in SV protein composition quickly compromise neurotransmission and most prominently give rise to epileptic seizures. During exocytosis SVs fully collapse into the presynaptic membrane and consequently have to be replenished to sustain neurotransmission. Therefore, surface-stranded SV proteins have to be efficiently retrieved post-fusion to be used for the generation of a new set of fully functional SVs, a process in which dedicated endocytic sorting adaptors play a crucial role. The question of how the precise reformation of SVs is achieved is intimately linked to how SV membranes are retrieved. For a long time both processes were believed to be two sides of the same coin since Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), the proposed predominant SV recycling mode, will jointly retrieve SV membranes and proteins. However, with the recent proposal of Clathrin-independent SV recycling pathways SV membrane retrieval and SV reformation turn into separable events. This review highlights the progress made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms mediating the high-fidelity retrieval of SV proteins and discusses how the gathered knowledge about SV protein recycling fits in with the new notions of SV membrane endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kaempf
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Apel AR, Hoban K, Chuartzman S, Tonikian R, Sidhu S, Schuldiner M, Wendland B, Prosser D. Syp1 regulates the clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis of multiple cargo proteins through a novel sorting motif. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2434-2448. [PMID: 28701344 PMCID: PMC5576906 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of proteins from the plasma membrane (PM) allows for cell-surface composition regulation, signaling of network modulation, and nutrient uptake. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a major internalization route for PM proteins. During CME, endocytic adaptor proteins bind cargoes at the cell surface and link them to the PM and clathrin coat. Muniscins are a conserved family of endocytic adaptors, including Syp1 in budding yeast and its mammalian orthologue, FCHo1. These adaptors bind cargo via a C-terminal μ-homology domain (μHD); however, few cargoes exhibiting muniscin-dependent endocytosis have been identified, and the sorting sequence recognized by the µHD is unknown. To reveal Syp1 cargo-sorting motifs, we performed a phage display screen and used biochemical methods to demonstrate that the Syp1 µHD binds DxY motifs in the previously identified Syp1 cargo Mid2 and the v-SNARE Snc1. We also executed an unbiased visual screen, which identified the peptide transporter Ptr2 and the ammonium permease Mep3 as Syp1 cargoes containing DxY motifs. Finally, we determined that, in addition to regulating cargo entry through CME, Syp1 can promote internalization of Ptr2 through a recently identified clathrin-independent endocytic pathway that requires the Rho1 GTPase. These findings elucidate the mechanism of Syp1 cargo recognition and its role in trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Hoban
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Silvia Chuartzman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Raffi Tonikian
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Beverly Wendland
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Derek Prosser
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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18
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Gordon SL, Harper CB, Smillie KJ, Cousin MA. A Fine Balance of Synaptophysin Levels Underlies Efficient Retrieval of Synaptobrevin II to Synaptic Vesicles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149457. [PMID: 26871701 PMCID: PMC4752265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptobrevin II (sybII) is a vesicular soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein that is essential for neurotransmitter release, and thus its correct trafficking to synaptic vesicles (SVs) is critical to render them fusion competent. The SV protein synaptophysin binds to sybII and facilitates its retrieval to SVs during endocytosis. Synaptophysin and sybII are the two most abundant proteins on SVs, being present in a 1:2 ratio. Synaptophysin and sybII are proposed to form a large multimeric complex, and the copy number of the proteins in this complex is also in a 1:2 ratio. We investigated the importance of this ratio between these proteins for the localisation and trafficking of sybII in central neurons. SybII was overexpressed in mouse hippocampal neurons at either 1.6 or 2.15–2.35-fold over endogenous protein levels, in the absence or presence of varying levels of synaptophysin. In the absence of exogenous synaptophysin, exogenous sybII was dispersed along the axon, trapped on the plasma membrane and retrieved slowly during endocytosis. Co-expression of exogenous synaptophysin rescued all of these defects. Importantly, the expression of synaptophysin at nerve terminals in a 1:2 ratio with sybII was sufficient to fully rescue normal sybII trafficking. These results demonstrate that the balance between synaptophysin and sybII levels is critical for the correct targeting of sybII to SVs and suggests that small alterations in synaptophysin levels might affect the localisation of sybII and subsequent presynaptic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Gordon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (SG); (MC)
| | - Callista B. Harper
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Smillie
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, George Square, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SG); (MC)
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19
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Koo SJ, Kochlamazashvili G, Rost B, Puchkov D, Gimber N, Lehmann M, Tadeus G, Schmoranzer J, Rosenmund C, Haucke V, Maritzen T. Vesicular Synaptobrevin/VAMP2 Levels Guarded by AP180 Control Efficient Neurotransmission. Neuron 2015; 88:330-44. [PMID: 26412491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission depends on synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis driven by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex formation of vesicular synaptobrevin/VAMP2 (Syb2). Exocytic fusion is followed by endocytic SV membrane retrieval and the high-fidelity reformation of SVs. Syb2 is the most abundant SV protein with 70 copies per SV, yet, one to three Syb2 molecules appear to be sufficient for basal exocytosis. Here we demonstrate that loss of the Syb2-specific endocytic adaptor AP180 causes a moderate activity-dependent reduction of vesicular Syb2 levels, defects in SV reformation, and a corresponding impairment of neurotransmission that lead to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Further reduction of Syb2 levels in AP180(-/-)/Syb2(+/-) mice results in perinatal lethality, whereas Syb2(+/-) mice partially phenocopy loss of AP180, indicating that reduced vesicular Syb2 levels underlie the observed defects in neurotransmission. Thus, a large vesicular Syb2 pool maintained by AP180 is crucial to sustain efficient neurotransmission and SV reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Joo Koo
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rost
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgi Tadeus
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Endocytosis, the process whereby the plasma membrane invaginates to form vesicles, is essential for bringing many substances into the cell and for membrane turnover. The mechanism driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves > 50 different protein components assembling at a single location on the plasma membrane in a temporally ordered and hierarchal pathway. These proteins perform precisely choreographed steps that promote receptor recognition and clustering, membrane remodeling, and force-generating actin-filament assembly and turnover to drive membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Many critical aspects of the CME mechanism are conserved from yeast to mammals and were first elucidated in yeast, demonstrating that it is a powerful system for studying endocytosis. In this review, we describe our current mechanistic understanding of each step in the process of yeast CME, and the essential roles played by actin polymerization at these sites, while providing a historical perspective of how the landscape has changed since the preceding version of the YeastBook was published 17 years ago (1997). Finally, we discuss the key unresolved issues and where future studies might be headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Goode
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Julian A Eskin
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Beverly Wendland
- The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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21
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The role of protein-protein interactions in the intracellular traffic of the potassium channels TASK-1 and TASK-3. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:1105-20. [PMID: 25559843 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular transport of membrane proteins is controlled by trafficking signals: Short peptide motifs that mediate the contact with COPI, COPII or various clathrin-associated coat proteins. In addition, many membrane proteins interact with accessory proteins that are involved in the sorting of these proteins to different intracellular compartments. In the K2P channels, TASK-1 and TASK-3, the influence of protein-protein interactions on sorting decisions has been studied in some detail. Both TASK paralogues interact with the adaptor protein 14-3-3; TASK-1 interacts, in addition, with the adaptor protein p11 (S100A10) and the endosomal SNARE protein syntaxin-8. The role of these interacting proteins in controlling the intracellular traffic of the channels and the underlying molecular mechanisms are summarised in this review. In the case of 14-3-3, the interacting protein masks a retention signal in the C-terminus of the channel; in the case of p11, the interacting protein carries a retention signal that localises the channel to the endoplasmic reticulum; and in the case of syntaxin-8, the interacting protein carries an endocytosis signal that complements an endocytosis signal of the channel. These examples illustrate some of the mechanisms by which interacting proteins may determine the itinerary of a membrane protein within a cell and suggest that the intracellular traffic of membrane proteins may be adapted to the specific functions of that protein by multiple protein-protein interactions.
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22
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Moreau K, Fleming A, Imarisio S, Lopez Ramirez A, Mercer JL, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Bento CF, Puri C, Zavodszky E, Siddiqi F, Lavau CP, Betton M, O'Kane CJ, Wechsler DS, Rubinsztein DC. PICALM modulates autophagy activity and tau accumulation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4998. [PMID: 25241929 PMCID: PMC4199285 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified several loci associated with
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including proteins involved in endocytic
trafficking such as PICALM/CALM
(phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin
assembly protein). It is unclear how these loci may contribute to
AD pathology. Here we show that CALM modulates autophagy and alters clearance of tau, a protein which is a known autophagy
substrate and which is causatively linked to AD, both in vitro and in
vivo. Furthermore, altered CALM expression exacerbates tau-mediated toxicity in zebrafish transgenic models.
CALM influences autophagy by
regulating the endocytosis of SNAREs, such as VAMP2, VAMP3
and VAMP8, which have diverse
effects on different stages of the autophagy pathway, from autophagosome formation
to autophagosome degradation. This study suggests that the AD genetic risk factor
CALM modulates autophagy, and
this may affect disease in a number of ways including modulation of tau turnover. The protein PICALM/CALM is implicated in Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) pathology, but it is unclear how. In this study, the authors show that CALM
regulates clearance of the protein tau, which is also implicated in AD pathology, by
facilitating endocytosis-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moreau
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK [2] Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Sara Imarisio
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ana Lopez Ramirez
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK [2] Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Jacob L Mercer
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carla F Bento
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eszter Zavodszky
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Farah Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Catherine P Lavau
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Maureen Betton
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK [2] Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cahir J O'Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Daniel S Wechsler
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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23
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AP-1/σ1B-Dependent SV Protein Recycling Is Regulated in Early Endosomes and Is Coupled to AP-2 Endocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:142-61. [PMID: 25128028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP)-1/σ1B(-/-) mice have reduced synaptic-vesicle (SV) recycling and increased endosomes. Mutant mice have impaired spatial memory, and σ1B-deficient humans have a severe mental retardation. In order to define these σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes and to determine their functions in SV recycling, we developed a protocol to separate them from the majority of the neuronal endosomes. The σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes proved to be classic early endosomes with an increase in the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI-3-P), which recruits proteins mediating protein sorting out of early endosomes into different routes. σ1B deficiency induced alterations in the endosomal proteome reveals two major functions: SV protein storage and sorting into endolysosomes. Alternative endosomal recycling pathways are not up-regulated, but certain SV proteins are misrouted. Tetraspanins are enriched in σ1B(-/-) synaptosomes, but not in their endosomes or in their clathrin-coated-vesicles (CCVs), indicating AP-1/σ1B-dependent sorting. Synapses contain also more AP-2 CCV, although it is expected that they contain less due to reduced SV recycling. Coat composition of these AP-2 CCVs is altered, and thus, they represent a subpopulation of AP-2 CCVs. Association of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-IIα, -δ and casein kinase (CK)-IIα with the endosome/SV pool is altered, as well as 14-3-3η, indicating changes in specific signalling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity. The accumulation of early endosomes and endocytotic AP-2 CCV indicates the regulation of SV recycling via early endosomes by the interdependent regulation of AP-2-mediated endocytosis and AP-1/σ1B-mediated SV reformation.
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Moshkanbaryans L, Chan LS, Graham ME. The Biochemical Properties and Functions of CALM and AP180 in Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:388-413. [PMID: 25090048 PMCID: PMC4194041 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a fundamental process for the regulated internalization of transmembrane cargo and ligands via the formation of vesicles using a clathrin coat. A vesicle coat is initially created at the plasma membrane by clathrin assembly into a lattice, while a specific cargo sorting process selects and concentrates proteins for inclusion in the new vesicle. Vesicles formed via CME traffic to different parts of the cell and fuse with target membranes to deliver cargo. Both clathrin assembly and cargo sorting functions are features of the two gene family consisting of assembly protein 180 kDa (AP180) and clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM). In this review, we compare the primary structure and domain organization of CALM and AP180 and relate these properties to known functions and roles in CME and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Moshkanbaryans
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Ling-Shan Chan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Mark E Graham
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Stern JA, White SN, Lehmkuhl LB, Reina-Doreste Y, Ferguson JL, Nascone-Yoder NM, Meurs KM. A single codon insertion in PICALM is associated with development of familial subvalvular aortic stenosis in Newfoundland dogs. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1139-48. [PMID: 24898977 PMCID: PMC4148152 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Familial subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital heart defects in dogs and is an inherited defect of Newfoundlands, golden retrievers and human children. Although SAS is known to be inherited, specific genes involved in Newfoundlands with SAS have not been defined. We hypothesized that SAS in Newfoundlands is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and caused by a single genetic variant. We studied 93 prospectively recruited Newfoundland dogs, and 180 control dogs of 30 breeds. By providing cardiac screening evaluations for Newfoundlands we conducted a pedigree evaluation, genome-wide association study and RNA sequence analysis to identify a proposed pattern of inheritance and genetic loci associated with the development of SAS. We identified a three-nucleotide exonic insertion in phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) that is associated with the development of SAS in Newfoundlands. Pedigree evaluation best supported an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and provided evidence that equivocally affected individuals may pass on SAS in their progeny. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of PICALM in the canine myocardium and area of the subvalvular ridge. Additionally, small molecule inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis resulted in developmental abnormalities within the outflow tract (OFT) of Xenopus laevis embryos. The ability to test for presence of this PICALM insertion may impact dog-breeding decisions and facilitate reduction of SAS disease prevalence in Newfoundland dogs. Understanding the role of PICALM in OFT development may aid in future molecular and genetic investigations into other congenital heart defects of various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Stern
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA,
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Renigunta V, Fischer T, Zuzarte M, Kling S, Zou X, Siebert K, Limberg MM, Rinné S, Decher N, Schlichthörl G, Daut J. Cooperative endocytosis of the endosomal SNARE protein syntaxin-8 and the potassium channel TASK-1. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1877-91. [PMID: 24743596 PMCID: PMC4055267 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SNARE proteins can have functions unrelated to membrane fusion. The unassembled form of the SNARE protein syntaxin-8 interacts with the K+ channel TASK-1; both proteins are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a cooperative manner. This is a novel mechanism for the control of endocytosis by cargo proteins. The endosomal SNARE protein syntaxin-8 interacts with the acid-sensitive potassium channel TASK-1. The functional relevance of this interaction was studied by heterologous expression of these proteins (and mutants thereof) in Xenopus oocytes and in mammalian cell lines. Coexpression of syntaxin-8 caused a fourfold reduction in TASK-1 current, a corresponding reduction in the expression of TASK-1 at the cell surface, and a marked increase in the rate of endocytosis of the channel. TASK-1 and syntaxin-8 colocalized in the early endosomal compartment, as indicated by the endosomal markers 2xFYVE and rab5. The stimulatory effect of the SNARE protein on the endocytosis of the channel was abolished when both an endocytosis signal in TASK-1 and an endocytosis signal in syntaxin-8 were mutated. A syntaxin-8 mutant that cannot assemble with other SNARE proteins had virtually the same effect as wild-type syntaxin-8. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy showed formation and endocytosis of vesicles containing fluorescence-tagged clathrin, TASK-1, and/or syntaxin-8. Our results suggest that the unassembled form of syntaxin-8 and the potassium channel TASK-1 are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a cooperative manner. This implies that syntaxin-8 regulates the endocytosis of TASK-1. Our study supports the idea that endosomal SNARE proteins can have functions unrelated to membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Renigunta
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marylou Zuzarte
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kling
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xinle Zou
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Siebert
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maren M Limberg
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Günter Schlichthörl
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Daut
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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27
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Loebrich S. The role of F-actin in modulating Clathrin-mediated endocytosis: Lessons from neurons in health and neuropsychiatric disorder. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e28740. [PMID: 25053985 PMCID: PMC4091099 DOI: 10.4161/cib.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is one of several mechanisms for retrieving transmembrane proteins from the cell surface. This key mechanism is highly conserved in evolution and is found in any eukaryotic cell from yeast to mammals. Studies from several model organisms have revealed that filamentous actin (F-actin) plays multiple distinct roles in shaping Clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Yet, despite the identification of numerous molecules at the interface between endocytic machinery and the cytoskeleton, our mechanistic understanding of how F-actin regulates endocytosis remains limited. Key insights come from neurons where vesicular release and internalization are critical to pre- and postsynaptic function. Recent evidence from human genetics puts postsynaptic organization, glutamate receptor trafficking, and F-actin remodeling in the spotlight as candidate mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Here I review recent findings that connect the F-actin cytoskeleton mechanistically to Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the central nervous system, and discuss their potential involvement in conferring risk for neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Loebrich
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
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Thangavel M, Seelan RS, Lakshmanan J, Vadnal RE, Stagner JI, Parthasarathy LK, Casanova MF, El-Mallakh RS, Parthasarathy RN. Proteomic analysis of rat prefrontal cortex after chronic valproate treatment. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:927-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Thangavel
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Ratnam S. Seelan
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Molecular; Cellular; and Craniofacial Biology; School of Dentistry, University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Jaganathan Lakshmanan
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
- Price Institute of Surgical Research; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine, University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Robert E. Vadnal
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System; Department of Veterans Affairs; Pueblo Colorado
| | - John I. Stagner
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Latha K. Parthasarathy
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Manuel F. Casanova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Rifaat Shody El-Mallakh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Ranga N. Parthasarathy
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories; Mental Health; Behavioral Science; and Research Services; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
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Kanatsu K, Morohashi Y, Suzuki M, Kuroda H, Watanabe T, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T. Decreased CALM expression reduces Aβ42 to total Aβ ratio through clathrin-mediated endocytosis of γ-secretase. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3386. [PMID: 24577224 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A body of evidence suggests that aberrant metabolism of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) underlies the aetiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM/CALM) gene, which encodes a protein implicated in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, was identified as a genetic protective factor for AD, although its mechanistic details have little been explored. Here we show that loss of CALM leads to the selective decrease in the production ratio of the pathogenic Aβ species, Aβ42. Active form of γ-secretase is constitutively endocytosed via the clathrin-mediated pathway in a CALM dependent manner. Alteration in the rate of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of γ-secretase causes a shift in its steady-state localization, which consequently impacts on the production ratio of Aβ42. Our study identifies CALM as an endogenous modulator of γ-secretase activity by regulating its endocytosis and also as an excellent target for Aβ42-lowering AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Kanatsu
- 1] Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2]
| | - Yuichi Morohashi
- 1] Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [3]
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kuroda
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- 1] Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- 1] Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [3] Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Vanlandingham PA, Barmchi MP, Royer S, Green R, Bao H, Reist N, Zhang B. AP180 couples protein retrieval to clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Traffic 2014; 15:433-50. [PMID: 24456281 PMCID: PMC4320755 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
How clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) retrieves vesicle proteins into newly formed synaptic vesicles (SVs) remains a major puzzle. Besides its roles in stimulating clathrin-coated vesicle formation and regulating SV size, the clathrin assembly protein AP180 has been identified as a key player in retrieving SV proteins. The mechanisms by which AP180 recruits SV proteins are not fully understood. Here, we show that following acute inactivation of AP180 in Drosophila, SV recycling is severely impaired at the larval neuromuscular synapse based on analyses of FM 1-43 uptake and synaptic ultrastructure. More dramatically, AP180 activity is important to maintain the integrity of SV protein complexes at the plasma membrane during endocytosis. These observations suggest that AP180 normally clusters SV proteins together during recycling. Consistent with this notion, SV protein composition and distribution are altered in AP180 mutant flies. Finally, AP180 co-immunoprecipitates with SV proteins, including the vesicular glutamate transporter and neuronal synaptobrevin. These results reveal a new mode by which AP180 couples protein retrieval to CME of SVs. AP180 is also genetically linked to Alzheimer's disease. Hence, the findings of this study may provide new mechanistic insight into the role of AP180 dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
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31
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Chen J, Pikuleva IA, Turko IV. Mass spectrometry quantification of PICALM and AP180 in human frontal cortex and neural retina. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:253-8. [PMID: 23954523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have suggested that endocytic factors, such as phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), may be implicated in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). The cellular functions of PICALM are in line with this possibility: (i) PICALM is involved in regulation of amyloid-β levels and (ii) PICALM is important for a presynaptic function, which is diminished in AD. To facilitate the analysis of PICALM, we developed a quantitative method to assess the expression level of PICALM in various biological samples. For this purpose, a stable isotope-labeled quantification concatamer (QconCAT) of PICALM was designed, expressed, purified, and characterized. The PICALM QconCAT was first used as an internal standard in a multiple reaction monitoring assay to measure PICALM concentrations in the human frontal cortex, a tissue strongly affected by AD. A second endocytic factor that is highly homologous to PICALM and also functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin coat assembly protein AP180, was quantified as well. Because age-related macular degeneration shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, the measurements were then extended to human normal neural retina. Overall, the developed method is suitable for PICALM and AP180 quantitative analysis in various biological samples of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Soohoo AL, Puthenveedu MA. Divergent modes for cargo-mediated control of clathrin-coated pit dynamics. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1725-34, S1-12. [PMID: 23536704 PMCID: PMC3667725 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-07-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis has long been viewed as a process driven by core endocytic proteins, with internalized cargo proteins being passive. In contrast, an emerging view suggests that signaling receptor cargo may actively control its fate by regulating the dynamics of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that mediate their internalization. Despite its physiological implications, very little is known about such "cargo-mediated regulation" of CCPs by signaling receptors. Here, using multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy imaging and quantitative analysis in live cells, we show that the μ-opioid receptor, a physiologically relevant G protein-coupled signaling receptor, delays the dynamics of CCPs in which it is localized. This delay is mediated by the interactions of two critical leucines on the receptor cytoplasmic tail. Unlike the previously known mechanism of cargo-mediated regulation, these residues regulate the lifetimes of dynamin, a key component of CCP scission. These results identify a novel means for selectively controlling the endocytosis of distinct cargo that share common trafficking components and indicate that CCP regulation by signaling receptors can operate via divergent modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Soohoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Sahlender DA, Kozik P, Miller SE, Peden AA, Robinson MS. Uncoupling the functions of CALM in VAMP sorting and clathrin-coated pit formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64514. [PMID: 23741335 PMCID: PMC3669311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein) is a cargo-selective adaptor for the post-Golgi R-SNAREs VAMPs 2, 3, and 8, and it also regulates the size of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles at the plasma membrane. The present study has two objectives: to determine whether CALM can sort additional VAMPs, and to investigate whether VAMP sorting contributes to CALM-dependent vesicle size regulation. Using a flow cytometry-based endocytosis efficiency assay, we demonstrate that CALM is also able to sort VAMPs 4 and 7, even though they have sorting signals for other clathrin adaptors. CALM homologues are present in nearly every eukaryote, suggesting that the CALM family may have evolved as adaptors for retrieving all post-Golgi VAMPs from the plasma membrane. Using a knockdown/rescue system, we show that wild-type CALM restores normal VAMP sorting in CALM-depleted cells, but that two non-VAMP-binding mutants do not. However, when we assayed the effect of CALM depletion on coated pit morphology, using a fluorescence microscopy-based assay, we found that the two mutants were as effective as wild-type CALM. Thus, we can uncouple the sorting function of CALM from its structural role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Sahlender
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Kozik
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E. Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. Peden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret S. Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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