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Chae S, Lee HJ, Lee HE, Kim J, Jeong YJ, Lin Y, Kim HY, Leriche G, Ehrlich RS, Lingl SC, Seo MD, Lee YH, Yang J, Kim JI, Hoe HS. The dopamine analogue CA140 alleviates AD pathology, neuroinflammation, and rescues synaptic/cognitive functions by modulating DRD1 signaling or directly binding to Abeta. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:200. [PMID: 39129007 PMCID: PMC11317008 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that the dopamine (DA) analogue CA140 modulates neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-injected wild-type (WT) mice and in 3-month-old 5xFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of CA140 on Aβ/tau pathology and synaptic/cognitive function and its molecular mechanisms of action are unknown. METHODS To investigate the effects of CA140 on cognitive and synaptic function and AD pathology, 3-month-old WT mice or 8-month-old (aged) 5xFAD mice were injected with vehicle (10% DMSO) or CA140 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 10, 14, or 17 days. Behavioral tests, ELISA, electrophysiology, RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, Golgi staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were conducted. RESULTS In aged 5xFAD mice, a model of AD pathology, CA140 treatment significantly reduced Aβ/tau fibrillation, Aβ plaque number, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. In addition, CA140 treatment downregulated the expression of cxcl10, a marker of AD-associated reactive astrocytes (RAs), and c1qa, a marker of the interaction of RAs with disease-associated microglia (DAMs) in 5xFAD mice. CA140 treatment also suppressed the mRNA levels of s100β and cxcl10, markers of AD-associated RAs, in primary astrocytes from 5xFAD mice. In primary microglial cells from 5xFAD mice, CA140 treatment increased the mRNA levels of markers of homeostatic microglia (cx3cr1 and p2ry12) and decreased the mRNA levels of a marker of proliferative region-associated microglia (gpnmb) and a marker of lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia (cln3). Importantly, CA140 treatment rescued scopolamine (SCO)-mediated deficits in long-term memory, dendritic spine number, and LTP impairment. In aged 5xFAD mice, these effects of CA140 treatment on cognitive/synaptic function and AD pathology were regulated by dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1)/Elk1 signaling. In primary hippocampal neurons and WT mice, CA140 treatment promoted long-term memory and dendritic spine formation via effects on DRD1/CaMKIIα and/or ERK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CA140 improves neuronal/synaptic/cognitive function and ameliorates Aβ/tau pathology and neuroinflammation by modulating DRD1 signaling in primary hippocampal neurons, primary astrocytes/microglia, WT mice, and aged 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Chae
- Neurovascular Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-Gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, ChungBuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-Gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Geoffray Leriche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Rachel S Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Sascha Castro Lingl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, ChungBuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi , 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-Gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
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Wang C, Acosta D, McNutt M, Bian J, Ma A, Fu H, Ma Q. A single-cell and spatial RNA-seq database for Alzheimer's disease (ssREAD). Nat Commun 2024; 15:4710. [PMID: 38844475 PMCID: PMC11156951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology has been increasingly explored through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST). However, the surge in data demands a comprehensive, user-friendly repository. Addressing this, we introduce a single-cell and spatial RNA-seq database for Alzheimer's disease (ssREAD). It offers a broader spectrum of AD-related datasets, an optimized analytical pipeline, and improved usability. The database encompasses 1,053 samples (277 integrated datasets) from 67 AD-related scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq studies, totaling 7,332,202 cells. Additionally, it archives 381 ST datasets from 18 human and mouse brain studies. Each dataset is annotated with details such as species, gender, brain region, disease/control status, age, and AD Braak stages. ssREAD also provides an analysis suite for cell clustering, identification of differentially expressed and spatially variable genes, cell-type-specific marker genes and regulons, and spot deconvolution for integrative analysis. ssREAD is freely available at https://bmblx.bmi.osumc.edu/ssread/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Diana Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Megan McNutt
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Li H, Chen X, Dong J, Liu R, Duan J, Huang M, Hu S, Lu J. A direct estrogenic involvement in the expression of human hypocretin. Life Sci 2024; 344:122581. [PMID: 38514004 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypocretin is synthesized exclusively in the hypothalamus and distributes inputs to several areas of the brain, which may play an important role in depression. Our previous study showed that hypocretin-1 was increased in the lateral hypothalamus in female patients with depression compared to female controls. Estrogen acts through estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. We studied the possibility of a direct action of estrogen receptors on the expression of human hypocretin. We found that hypocretin-1 plasma levels were significantly higher in female patients with depression than in female controls. Female depression estrogen receptors and hypocretin are colocalized in the human lateral hypothalamus, PC12, and SK-N-SH cells. The estrogen receptor response elements (ERE) that exist in the hypocretin promoter region may directly regulate the gene expression of hypocretin. The synchronicity of change of hypocretin and estradiol both in hypothalamus and plasma was verified in female rats. In the presence of estradiol, specific binding occurs between the recombinant human ER and hypocretin-ERE. Expression of ER combined with estradiol repressed hypocretin promoter activity via the ERE. In conclusion, we found that estradiol may directly affect hypocretin neurons in the human hypothalamus via ER binding to the hypocretin-ERE, which may lead to the sex-specific pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, East Qingchun Road 3#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Jingyi Dong
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- College of First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jinfeng Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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Wang C, Acosta D, McNutt M, Bian J, Ma A, Fu H, Ma Q. A Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq Database for Alzheimer's Disease (ssREAD). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.08.556944. [PMID: 37745592 PMCID: PMC10515769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology has been increasingly explored through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST). However, the surge in data demands a comprehensive, user-friendly repository. Addressing this, we introduce a single-cell and spatial RNA-seq database for Alzheimer's disease (ssREAD). It offers a broader spectrum of AD-related datasets, an optimized analytical pipeline, and improved usability. The database encompasses 1,053 samples (277 integrated datasets) from 67 AD-related scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq studies, totaling 7,332,202 cells. Additionally, it archives 381 ST datasets from 18 human and mouse brain studies. Each dataset is annotated with details such as species, gender, brain region, disease/control status, age, and AD Braak stages. ssREAD also provides an analysis suite for cell clustering, identification of differentially expressed and spatially variable genes, cell-type-specific marker genes and regulons, and spot deconvolution for integrative analysis. ssREAD is freely available at https://bmblx.bmi.osumc.edu/ssread/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diana Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan McNutt
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, FL 32606, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
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Ali M, Garcia P, Lunkes LP, Sciortino A, Thomas M, Heurtaux T, Grzyb K, Halder R, Coowar D, Skupin A, Buée L, Blum D, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single cell transcriptome analysis of the THY-Tau22 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease reveals sex-dependent dysregulations. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:119. [PMID: 38453894 PMCID: PMC10920792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and pathology show pronounced sex differences, but the factors driving these remain poorly understood. To gain insights into early AD-associated molecular changes and their sex dependency for tau pathology in the cortex, we performed single-cell RNA-seq in the THY-Tau22 AD mouse model. By examining cell type-specific and cell type-agnostic AD-related gene activity changes and their sex-dimorphism for individual genes, pathways and cellular sub-networks, we identified both statistically significant alterations and interpreted the upstream mechanisms controlling them. Our results confirm several significant sex-dependent alterations in gene activity in the THY-Tau22 model mice compared to controls, with more pronounced alterations in females. Both changes shared across multiple cell types and cell type-specific changes were observed. The differential genes showed significant over-representation of known AD-relevant processes, such as pathways associated with neuronal differentiation, programmed cell death and inflammatory responses. Regulatory network analysis of these genes revealed upstream regulators that modulate many of the downstream targets with sex-dependent changes. Most key regulators have been previously implicated in AD, such as Egr1, Klf4, Chchd2, complement system genes, and myelin-associated glycoproteins. Comparing with similar data from the Tg2576 AD mouse model and human AD patients, we identified multiple genes with consistent, cell type-specific and sex-dependent alterations across all three datasets. These shared changes were particularly evident in the expression of myelin-associated genes such as Mbp and Plp1 in oligodendrocytes. In summary, we observed significant cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the THY-Tau22 mouse model, with a strong over-representation of known AD-associated genes and processes. These include both sex-neutral and sex-specific patterns, characterized by consistent shifts in upstream master regulators and downstream target genes. Collectively, these findings provide insights into mechanisms influencing sex-specific susceptibility to AD and reveal key regulatory proteins that could be targeted for developing treatments addressing sex-dependent AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laetitia P Lunkes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, 8 avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Zhang YN, Chen XL, Guo LY, Jiang PR, Lu H, Pan K, Guo L, Hu YT, Bao AM. Downregulation of peripheral luteinizing hormone rescues ovariectomy-associated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 135:60-69. [PMID: 38185053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is more prevalent in women than men, supposing due to the decline of estrogens in menopause, accompanied by increased gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH). We and others found that the transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) regulates cholinergic function including the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plays a significant role in cognitive decline of AD. Here we investigated in APP/PS1 mice by ovariectomy (OVX) and estradiol (E2) supplementation or inhibition of LH the effect on hippocampus-related cognition and related molecular changes. We found that OVX-associated cognitive impairment was accompanied by increased dorsal hippocampal EGR1 expression, which was rescued by downregulating peripheral LH rather than by supplementing E2. We also found in postmortem AD brains a higher expression of pituitary LH-mRNA and higher EGR1 expression in the posterior hippocampus. Both, in human and mice, there was a significant positive correlation between respectively posterior/dorsal hippocampal EGR1 and peripheral LH expression. We conclude that peripheral increased LH and increased posterior hippocampal EGR1 plays a significant role in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, East Qingchun Road 3#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Ling-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Ran Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- National Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, East Qingchun Road 3#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
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Ali M, Huarte OU, Heurtaux T, Garcia P, Rodriguez BP, Grzyb K, Halder R, Skupin A, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling and Gene Regulatory Network Modeling in Tg2576 Mice Reveal Gender-Dependent Molecular Features Preceding Alzheimer-Like Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:541-566. [PMID: 35980567 PMCID: PMC10861719 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression is influenced by a complex interplay of several environmental and genetic factors, one of them gender. Pronounced gender differences have been observed both in the relative risk of developing AD and in clinical disease manifestations. A molecular level understanding of these gender disparities is still missing, but could provide important clues on cellular mechanisms modulating the disease and reveal new targets for gender-oriented disease-modifying precision therapies. We therefore present here a comprehensive single-cell analysis of disease-associated molecular gender differences in transcriptomics data from the neocortex, one of the brain regions most susceptible to AD, in one of the most widely used AD mouse models, the Tg2576 model. Cortical areas are also most commonly used in studies of post-mortem AD brains. To identify disease-linked molecular processes that occur before the onset of detectable neuropathology, we focused our analyses on an age with no detectable plaques and microgliosis. Cell-type specific alterations were investigated at the level of individual genes, pathways, and gene regulatory networks. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was not large enough to build context-specific gene regulatory networks for each individual cell type, and thus, we focused on the study of cell types with dominant changes and included analyses of changes across the combination of cell types. We observed significant disease-associated gender differences in cellular processes related to synapse organization and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and identified a limited set of transcription factors, including Egr1 and Klf6, as key regulators of many of the disease-associated and gender-dependent gene expression changes in the model. Overall, our analyses revealed significant cell-type specific gene expression changes in individual genes, pathways and sub-networks, including gender-specific and gender-dimorphic changes in both upstream transcription factors and their downstream targets, in the Tg2576 AD model before the onset of overt disease. This opens a window into molecular events that could determine gender-susceptibility to AD, and uncovers tractable target candidates for potential gender-specific precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L‑4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- University of the Basque Country, Cell Biology and Histology Department, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a av. de la Faïencerie, 1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Heo C, Kwak HJ, Ngo LH, Woo RS, Lee SJ. Implementation of the neuro-glia-vascular unit through co-culture of adult neural stem cells and vascular cells and transcriptomic analysis of diverse Aβ assembly types. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110029. [PMID: 38042304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized layer between blood vessels and tissue in the brain, which is comprised of a neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) unit, thus play a vital role in various brain diseases. NEW METHOD We developed the in vitro NGV units by co-culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs; bEnd.3) and primary neural stem cells extracted from subventricular zone of adult mice. This approach was designed to mimic the RNA profile conditions found in the microvessels of a mouse brain and confirmed through various comparative transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Optimal NGV unit development was achieved by adjusting cell density-dependent co-culture ratios. Specifically, the morphogenic development and neuronal association of astrocyte endfeet were well observed in the contact region with BMECs in the NGV unit. Through transcriptome analysis, we compared co-cultured bEnd.3/NSCs with monocultured bEnd.3 or NSCs and additionally compared them with previously reported mouse brain vascular tissue to show that this NGV unit model is a suitable in vitro model for neurological disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This in vitro NGV unit was formed from neural stem cells and vascular cells in the brain of adult mice, not embryos. It is very useful for studying brain disease mechanisms by identifying proteins and genes associated with diseases progress. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that this simple in vitro NGV model is appropriate to investigate the relationship between BBB changes and pathological factors in the fields of neurovascular biology and cerebrovascular diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Institute for Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Long Hoang Ngo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, South Korea.
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea.
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Izuo N, Watanabe N, Noda Y, Saito T, Saido TC, Yokote K, Hotta H, Shimizu T. Insulin resistance induces earlier initiation of cognitive dysfunction mediated by cholinergic deregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13994. [PMID: 37822109 PMCID: PMC10652326 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although insulin resistance increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanisms remain unclear, partly because no animal model exhibits the insulin-resistant phenotype without persistent hyperglycemia. Here we established an AD model with whole-body insulin resistance without persistent hyperglycemia (APP/IR-dKI mice) by crossbreeding constitutive knock-in mice with P1195L-mutated insulin receptor (IR-KI mice) and those with mutated amyloid precursor protein (AppNL-G-F mice: APP-KI mice). APP/IR-dKI mice exhibited cognitive impairment at an earlier age than APP-KI mice. Since cholinergic dysfunction is a major characteristic of AD, pharmacological interventions on the cholinergic system were performed to investigate the mechanism. Antagonism to a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChRα7) suppressed cognitive function and cortical blood flow (CBF) response to cholinergic-regulated peripheral stimulation in APP-KI mice but not APP/IR-dKI mice. Cortical expression of Chrna7, encoding nAChRα7, was downregulated in APP/IR-dKI mice compared with APP-KI. Amyloid β burden did not differ between APP-KI and APP/IR-dKI mice. Therefore, insulin resistance, not persistent hyperglycemia, induces the earlier onset of cognitive dysfunction and CBF deregulation mediated by nAChRα7 downregulation. Our mouse model will help clarify the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic NeuroscienceTokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Animal FacilityTokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic NeuroscienceRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Neurocognitive ScienceInstitute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic NeuroscienceRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic NeuroscienceTokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Aging Stress Response Research Project TeamNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
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10
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Chen XL, Fortes JM, Hu YT, van Iersel J, He KN, van Heerikhuize J, Balesar R, Swaab D, Bao AM. Sexually dimorphic age-related molecular differences in the entorhinal cortex of cognitively intact elderly: Relation to early Alzheimer's changes. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3848-3857. [PMID: 36960685 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women are more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the earliest structures affected in AD. We identified in cognitively intact elderly different molecular changes in the EC in relation to age. METHODS Changes in 12 characteristic molecules in relation to age were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in the EC. They were arbitrarily grouped into sex steroid-related molecules, markers of neuronal activity, neurotransmitter-related molecules, and cholinergic activity-related molecules. RESULTS The changes in molecules indicated increasing local estrogenic and neuronal activity accompanied by a higher and faster hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in women's EC in relation to age, versus a mainly stable local estrogenic/androgenic and neuronal activity in men's EC. DISCUSSION EC employs a different neurobiological strategy in women and men to maintain cognitive function, which seems to be accompanied by an earlier start of AD in women. HIGHLIGHTS Local estrogen system is activated with age only in women's entorhinal cortex (EC). EC neuronal activity increased with age only in elderly women with intact cognition. Men and women have different molecular strategies to retain cognition with aging. P-tau accumulation in the EC was higher and faster in cognitively intact elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jennifer Monteiro Fortes
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juliet van Iersel
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kang-Ning He
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joop van Heerikhuize
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Swaab
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yamada T, Yamamori Y, Matsuda N, Nagamune H, Ohkura K, Tomoyasu T, Tabata A. Streptolysin S induces pronounced calcium-ion influx-dependent expression of immediate early genes encoding transcription factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13720. [PMID: 37608082 PMCID: PMC10444759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic human pathogens of the oral cavity. The β-hemolytic subgroup of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus secretes streptolysin S (SLS) and exhibits not only hemolytic activity but also cytotoxicity toward cultured human cell lines. However, the detailed mechanism of action of SLS and the cellular responses of host cells have not yet been fully clarified. To determine the pathogenic potential of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus, the SLS-dependent response induced in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2 cells was investigated to determine the pathogenic potential of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus. This study revealed that the Ca2+ influx and the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) encoding transcription factors such as early growth responses (EGRs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were greatly increased in HSC-2 cells incubated with the culture supernatant of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus. Moreover, this SLS-dependent increase in expression was significantly suppressed by Ca2+ chelation, except for jun. These results suggest that SLS caused Ca2+ influx into the cells following greatly enhanced expression of IEG-encoding transcription factors. The results of this study may help in understanding the pathogenicity of SLS-producing AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yugo Yamamori
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Nanami Matsuda
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-Cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan.
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
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12
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Jin B, Cheng X, Fei G, Sang S, Zhong C. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease by integrated bioinformatic analysis and machine learning strategies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169620. [PMID: 37434738 PMCID: PMC10331604 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, and is becoming one of the most burdening and lethal diseases. More useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and reflecting the disease progression are in need and of significance. Methods The integrated bioinformatic analysis combined with machine-learning strategies was applied for exploring crucial functional pathways and identifying diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Four datasets (GSE5281, GSE131617, GSE48350, and GSE84422) with samples of AD frontal cortex are integrated as experimental datasets, and another two datasets (GSE33000 and GSE44772) with samples of AD frontal cortex were used to perform validation analyses. Functional Correlation enrichment analyses were conducted based on Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Reactome database to reveal AD-associated biological functions and key pathways. Four models were employed to screen the potential diagnostic biomarkers, including one bioinformatic analysis of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)and three machine-learning algorithms: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF) analysis. The correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the identified biomarkers with CDR scores and Braak staging. Results The pathways of the immune response and oxidative stress were identified as playing a crucial role during AD. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), early growth response 1 (EGR1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) were screened as diagnostic markers of AD. The diagnostic efficacy of TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 was validated with corresponding AUCs of 0.857, 0.888, and 0.856 in dataset GSE33000, 0.867, 0.909, and 0.841 in dataset GSE44770. And the AUCs of the combination of these three biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for AD were 0.954 and 0.938 in the two verification datasets. Conclusion The pathways of immune response and oxidative stress can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 are useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and their mRNA level may reflect the development of the disease by correlation with the CDR scores and Breaking staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Shanghai Raising Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Hu YT, Chen XL, Zhang YN, McGurran H, Stormmesand J, Breeuwsma N, Sluiter A, Zhao J, Swaab D, Bao AM. Sex differences in hippocampal β-amyloid accumulation in the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and the potential role of local estrogens. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1117584. [PMID: 36968493 PMCID: PMC10030503 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies show that women have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. Peripheral estrogen reduction during aging in women is proposed to play a key role in this sex-associated prevalence, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously found that transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) significantly regulates cholinergic function. EGR1 stimulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression and is involved in AD pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate whether the triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice harboring PS1 M146V , APP Swe , and Tau P301L show sex differences in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau), the two primary AD hallmarks, and how local 17β-estradiol (E2) may regulate the expression of EGR1 and AChE. Methods We first sacrificed male and female 3xTg-AD mice at 3-4, 7-8, and 11-12 months and measured the levels of Aβ, p-Tau, EGR1, and AChE in the hippocampal complex. Second, we infected SH-SY5Y cells with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, cultured with or without E2 administration we measured the levels of extracellular Aβ and intracellular EGR1 and AChE. Results Female 3xTg-AD mice had higher levels of Aβ compared to males, while no p-Tau was found in either group. In SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, we observed significantly increased extracellular Aβ and decreased expression of intracellular EGR1 and AChE. By adding E2 to the culture medium, extracellular Aβ(l-42) was significantly decreased while intracellular EGR1 and AChE expression were elevated. Discussion This data shows that the 3xTg-AD mouse model can be useful for studying the human sex differences of AD, but only in regards to Ap. Furthermore, in vitro data shows local E2 may be protective for EGR1 and cholinergic functions in AD while suppressing soluble Aβ(1-42) levels. Altogether, this study provides further in vivo and in vitro data supporting the human epidemiological data indicating a higher prevalence of AD in women is related to changes in brain estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hugo McGurran
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jochem Stormmesand
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Breeuwsma
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arja Sluiter
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan Zhao
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Swaab
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dick Swaab,
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ai-Min Bao,
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14
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Wei R, Hu Q, Lu Y, Wang X. ceRNA Network Analysis Reveals AP-1 Transcription Factor Components as Potential Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:387-406. [PMID: 35702791 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220613142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly, characterized by decreased cognitive function. Non-coding RNAs contribute to AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To identify potential therapeutic targets for AD, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed using the hippocampus of 6-month-old amyloid precursor protein/ presenilin 1 double transgenic (APP/PS1) and wild-type mice. METHODS RNA-seq data (GSE158995), generated from the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and wild-type mice, were analyzed with the limma R package to identify significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs (DEMs and DECs, respectively). DEM Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using Enrichr (https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/). Correlations between DEMs and DECs were determined using the ggcorrplot R package. Main clusters and hub DEMs were selected using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. ceRNA interactions were predicted with the miRTarbase and Starbase tools and constructed with the ggalluvial R package and Cytoscape software. ceRNA networks were validated using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS 198 DEMs and 90 DECs were differentially expressed in APP/PS1 vs. wild-type hippocampus. DEM GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in transcription regulation, which was subdivided into three main clusters: transcription regulation, synaptic plasticity, and protein refolding. Within the transcription regulation cluster, AP-1 transcription factor components serve as hub genes. The mmu_circ_0001787(circGLCE)/miR-339-5p/Junb and mmu_circ_0001899(circFAM120C)/ miR-181a-5p/Egr1 ceRNA networks were established based on qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Two AP-1 transcription factor component-related ceRNA networks, circGLCE/miR- 339-5p/Junb and circFAM120C/miR-181a-5p/Egr1, were constructed using a mouse model of AD. These ceRNA networks may contribute to transcription regulation in AD and provide potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
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15
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Key Disease Mechanisms Linked to Alzheimer's Disease in the Entorhinal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083915. [PMID: 33920138 PMCID: PMC8069371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative brain disorder affecting millions of Americans that is expected to increase in incidence with the expanding aging population. Symptomatic AD patients show cognitive decline and often develop neuropsychiatric symptoms due to the accumulation of insoluble proteins that produce plaques and tangles seen in the brain at autopsy. Unexpectedly, some clinically normal individuals also show AD pathology in the brain at autopsy (asymptomatic AD, AsymAD). In this study, SWItchMiner software was used to identify key switch genes in the brain’s entorhinal cortex that lead to the development of AD or disease resilience. Seventy-two switch genes were identified that are differentially expressed in AD patients compared to healthy controls. These genes are involved in inflammation, platelet activation, and phospholipase D and estrogen signaling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), zinc-finger transcription factor (YY1), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), and early growth response 1 (EGR1) were identified as transcription factors that potentially regulate switch genes in AD. Comparing AD patients to AsymAD individuals revealed 51 switch genes; PPARG as a potential regulator of these genes, and platelet activation and phospholipase D as critical signaling pathways. Chemical–protein interaction analysis revealed that valproic acid is a therapeutic agent that could prevent AD from progressing.
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16
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Scarpa JR, Jiang P, Gao VD, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Kasarskis A. NREM delta power and AD-relevant tauopathy are associated with shared cortical gene networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7797. [PMID: 33833255 PMCID: PMC8032807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced NREM sleep in humans is associated with AD neuropathology. Recent work has demonstrated a reduction in NREM sleep in preclinical AD, pointing to its potential utility as an early marker of dementia. We test the hypothesis that reduced NREM delta power and increased tauopathy are associated with shared underlying cortical molecular networks in preclinical AD. We integrate multi-omics data from two extensive public resources, a human Alzheimer's disease cohort from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (N = 125) reflecting AD progression and a (C57BL/6J × 129S1/SvImJ) F2 mouse population in which NREM delta power was measured (N = 98). Two cortical gene networks, including a CLOCK-dependent circadian network, are associated with NREM delta power and AD tauopathy progression. These networks were validated in independent mouse and human cohorts. Identifying gene networks related to preclinical AD elucidate possible mechanisms associated with the early disease phase and potential targets to alter the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vance D Gao
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Li WY, Zhu QB, Jin LY, Yang Y, Xu XY, Hu XY. Exosomes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells protect neuronal function under ischemic conditions. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2064-2070. [PMID: 33642395 PMCID: PMC8343330 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with other stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) are more similar to cortical neurons in morphology and immunohistochemistry. Thus, they have greater potential for promoting the survival and growth of neurons and alleviating the proliferation of astrocytes. Transplantation of stem cell exosomes and stem cells themselves have both been shown to effectively repair nerve injury. However, there is no study on the protective effects of exosomes derived from iPSC-NPCs on oxygen and glucose deprived neurons. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in embryonic cortical neurons of the rat by culturing the neurons in an atmosphere of 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 1 hour and then treated them with iPSC-NPC-derived exosomes for 30 minutes. Our results showed that iPSC-NPC-derived exosomes increased the survival of oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the culture medium. Additionally, it attenuated oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced changes in the expression of the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway as well as synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the neurons. Further, it increased the length of the longest neurite in the oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons. These findings validate the hypothesis that exosomes from iPSC-NPCs exhibit a neuroprotective effect on oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons by regulating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and neurite outgrowth. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (approval No. SRRSH20191010) on October 10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiong-Bin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu-Ya Jin
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Poon CH, Tse LSR, Lim LW. DNA methylation in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease: from gene to cognition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1475:15-33. [PMID: 32491215 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disorder that manifests with amyloid beta plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, and severe cognitive impairment. Although much effort has been made to decipher the pathogenesis of this disease, the mechanisms causing these detrimental outcomes remain obscure. Over the past few decades, neuroepigenetics has emerged as an important field that, among other things, explores how reversible modifications can change gene expression to control behavior and cognitive abilities. Among epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation requires further elucidation for the conflicting observations from AD research and its pivotal role in learning and memory. In this review, we focus on the essential components of DNA methylation, the effects of aberrant methylation on gene expressions in the amyloidogenic pathway and neurochemical processes, as well as memory epigenetics in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Long Sum Rachel Tse
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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19
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Madrer N, Soreq H. Cholino-ncRNAs modulate sex-specific- and age-related acetylcholine signals. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2185-2198. [PMID: 32330292 PMCID: PMC7496432 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) signaling orchestrates mammalian movement, mental capacities, and inflammation. Dysregulated ACh signaling associates with many human mental disorders and neurodegeneration in an individual‐, sex‐, and tissue‐related manner. Moreover, aged patients under anticholinergic therapy show increased risk of dementia, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we report that certain cholinergic‐targeting noncoding RNAs, named Cholino‐noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), can modulate ACh signaling, agonistically or antagonistically, via distinct direct and indirect mechanisms and at different timescales. Cholino‐ncRNAs include both small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The former may attenuate translation and/or induce destruction of target mRNAs that code for either ACh‐signaling proteins or transcription factors controlling the expression of cholinergic genes. lncRNAs may block miRNAs via ‘sponging’ events or by competitive binding to the cholinergic target mRNAs. Also, single nucleotide polymorphisms in either Cholino‐ncRNAs or in their recognition sites in the ACh‐signaling associated genes may modify ACh signaling‐regulated processes. Taken together, both inherited and acquired changes in the function of Cholino‐ncRNAs impact ACh‐related deficiencies, opening new venues for individual, sex‐related, and age‐specific oriented research, diagnosis, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Madrer
- The Life Sciences Institute and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Life Sciences Institute and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Kriebel M, Ebel J, Battke F, Griesbach S, Volkmer H. Interference With Complex IV as a Model of Age-Related Decline in Synaptic Connectivity. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:43. [PMID: 32265651 PMCID: PMC7105595 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairment of mitochondrial function may negatively impact energy-demanding processes such as synaptic transmission thereby triggering cognitive decline and processes of neurodegeneration. Here, we present a novel model for age-related mitochondrial impairment based on partial inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (Cox4) of complex IV of the respiratory chain. miRNA-mediated knockdown of Cox4 correlated with a marked reduction in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic marker densities in vitro and in vivo as well as an impairment of neuronal network activity in primary neuronal cultures. Transcriptome analysis identified the deregulation of gene clusters, which link induced mitochondrial perturbation to impaired synaptic function and plasticity as well as processes of aging. In conclusion, the model of Cox4 deficiency reflects aspects of age-related dementia and might, therefore, serve as a novel test system for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kriebel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ebel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hansjürgen Volkmer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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