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Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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2
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Marrocco I, Yarden Y. Resistance of Lung Cancer to EGFR-Specific Kinase Inhibitors: Activation of Bypass Pathways and Endogenous Mutators. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5009. [PMID: 37894376 PMCID: PMC10605519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed the landscape of lung cancer therapy. For patients who are treated with the new TKIs, the current median survival exceeds 3 years, substantially better than the average 20 month survival rate only a decade ago. Unfortunately, despite initial efficacy, nearly all treated patients evolve drug resistance due to the emergence of either new mutations or rewired signaling pathways that engage other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as MET, HER3 and AXL. Apparently, the emergence of mutations is preceded by a phase of epigenetic alterations that finely regulate the cell cycle, bias a mesenchymal phenotype and activate antioxidants. Concomitantly, cells that evade TKI-induced apoptosis (i.e., drug-tolerant persister cells) activate an intrinsic mutagenic program reminiscent of the SOS system deployed when bacteria are exposed to antibiotics. This mammalian system imbalances the purine-to-pyrimidine ratio, inhibits DNA repair and boosts expression of mutation-prone DNA polymerases. Thus, the net outcome of the SOS response is a greater probability to evolve new mutations. Deeper understanding of the persister-to-resister transformation, along with the development of next-generation TKIs, EGFR-specific proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as well as bispecific antibodies, will permit delaying the onset of relapses and prolonging survival of patients with EGFR+ lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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3
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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4
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Ebrahimi N, Fardi E, Ghaderi H, Palizdar S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Ghanaatian M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Baziyar P, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:104. [PMID: 36947256 PMCID: PMC11073124 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) some of which have entered clinical application. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Fardi
- Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajarossadat Ghaderi
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Medical Innovation, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Palizdar
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghanaatian
- Master 1 Bio-Santé-Parcours Toulouse Graduate School of Cancer, Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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5
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Jalalizadeh M, Yadollahvandmiandoab R, Reis LO. Immune Checkpoint Glycoproteins Have Polymorphism: Are Monoclonal Antibodies Too Specific? Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1267-1274. [PMID: 36661747 PMCID: PMC9857673 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 2018 Nobel prize in medicine was granted to the discovery of immune escape by cancer cells, billions of dollars have been spent on a new form of cancer immunotherapy called immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). In this treatment modality, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used to block cell-surface glycoproteins responsible for cancer immune escape. However, only a subset of patients benefit from this treatment. In this commentary, we focus on the polymorphism in the target molecules of these mAbs, namely PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4; we explain that using a single mAb from one clone is unlikely to succeed in treating all humans because humans have a genotype and phenotype polymorphism in these molecules. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and are capable of recognizing only one epitope ("monospecific"), which makes them ideal for use in laboratory animals because these animals are generationally inbred and genetically identical (isogenic). In humans, however, the encoding genes for PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA4 have variations (alleles), and the final protein products have phenotype polymorphism. This means that small differences exist in these proteins among individual humans, rendering one mAb too specific to cover all patients. Our suggestion for the next step in advancing this oncotherapy is to focus on methods to tailor the mAb treatment individually for each patient or replace a single clone of mAb with less specific alternatives, e.g., a "cocktail of mAbs", oligoclonal antibodies or recombinant polyclonal antibodies. Fortunately, there are ongoing clinical trials on oligoclonal antibodies at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrsa Jalalizadeh
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Reza Yadollahvandmiandoab
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
- Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas 13034-685, SP, Brazil
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6
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Taha Tolba EAEH, Ahmed Amer HZ. In silico Analysis of Tyrosine Kinases Receptor in Papillary and Medullary Thyroid Cancer Using Sequence-alignment-based Methods. BIOTECHNOLOGY(FAISALABAD) 2023; 22:18-27. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2023.18.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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7
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Fuselli A, de Los Milagros Bürgi M, Kratje R, Prieto C. Generation and functional evaluation of novel monoclonal antibodies targeting glycosylated human stem cell factor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8121-8137. [PMID: 36401641 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell factor (hSCF) is an early-acting growth factor that promotes proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival in several tissues. It plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, intestinal motility, and in development and recovery of nervous and cardiovascular systems. Potential therapeutic applications comprise anemia treatment, mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to peripheral blood, and increasing gene transduction efficiency for gene therapy. Developing new tools to characterize recombinant hSCF in most native-like form as possible is crucial to understand the complexity of its in vivo functions and for improving its biotechnological applications. The soluble domain of hSCF was expressed in HEK293 cells. Highly purified rhSCF showed great molecular mass variability due to the presence of N- and O-linked carbohydrates, and it presented a 2.5-fold increase on proliferative activity compared to bacteria-derived hSCF. Three hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity for the glycoprotein were obtained. 1C4 and 2D3 mAbs were able to detect bacteria-derived and glycosylated rhSCF and demonstrated to be excellent candidates to develop a sandwich ELISA assay for rhSCF quantification, with detection limits of 0.18 and 0.07 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, 1A10 mAb only recognized glycosylated rhSCF, suggesting that sugar moieties might be involved in epitope recognition. 1A10 mAb showed the highest binding affinity, and it constituted the best candidate for immunodetection of the entire set rhSCF glycoforms in western blot assays, and for intracellular cytokine staining. Our work shows that combining glycosylated rhSCF expression with hybridoma technology is a powerful strategy to obtain specific suitable immunochemical assays and thus improve glycoprotein-producing bioprocesses. KEY POINTS: • Soluble glycosylated human SCF exerted improved proliferative activity on UT-7 cells. • Three mAbs with high specificity targeting glycosylated human SCF were obtained. • mAbs applications comprise sandwich ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Fuselli
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168, Km 472.4, C.C. 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María de Los Milagros Bürgi
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168, Km 472.4, C.C. 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168, Km 472.4, C.C. 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168, Km 472.4, C.C. 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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8
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Meng Y, Chu C, Niu X, Cheng L, Wu D, Liu L, Zhang S, Li T, Hou Y, Liu Y, Qin M. Discovery of 4-phenylindolines containing a (5-cyanopyridin-3-yl)methoxy moiety as potent inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 63:128647. [PMID: 35231577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the great success of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies in clinical applications, blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become the most compelling strategy in the field of tumor immunotherapy. In this study, a novel series of 4-phenylindolines containing a (5-cyanopyridin-3-yl)methoxy moiety were developed, and their structure-activity relationships were preliminarily discussed. Among them, compounds M17 and M23 exhibited the most potent ability to disrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, demonstrating IC50 values of 60.1 nM and 53.2 nM, respectively. The binding mode of M23 was further explored by molecular docking analysis with dimeric PD-L1. Therefore, M17 and M23 are promising lead compounds for developing potent inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Cuiping Chu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xinyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Liuyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Zeng QX, Wang K, Zhang X, Shi YL, Dou YY, Guo ZH, Zhang XT, Zhang N, Deng HB, Li YH, Song DQ. Structure-activity relationship and biological evaluation of 12 N-substituted aloperine derivatives as PD-L1 down-regulatory agents through proteasome pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105432. [PMID: 34678602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine 12 N-substituted aloperine derivatives were synthesized and screened for suppression on PD-L1 expression in H460 cells, as a continuation of our work. Systematic structural modifications led to the identification of compound 6b as the most active PD-L1 modulator. Compound 6b could significantly down-regulate both constitutive and inductive PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells, and successively enhance the cytotoxicity of co-cultured T cells against tumor cells at the concentration of 20 μM. Also, it exhibited a moderate in vivo anticancer efficacy against Lewis tumor xenograft with a stable PK and safety profile. The mechanism study indicated that 6b mediated the degradation of PD-L1 through a proteasome pathway, rather than a lysosome route. These results provided the powerful information for cancer immunotherapy of aloperine derivatives with unique endocyclic skeleton by targeting PD-L1 to activate immune cells to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Yu-Long Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Ying Dou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Bin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ying-Hong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dan-Qing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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10
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Wang T, Cai S, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang K, Chen D, Li Z, Jiang S. Novel Biphenyl Pyridines as Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7390-7403. [PMID: 34056906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the successful clinical application of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAb), targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has become a promising method for the discovery of cancer therapy. Due to the inherent limitations of antibodies, it is necessary to search for small-molecule inhibitors against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of a series of novel biphenyl pyridines as the inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1. 2-(((2-Methoxy-6-(2-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)amino)ethan-1-ol (24) was found to inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with an IC50 value of 3.8 ± 0.3 nM and enhance the killing activity of tumor cells by immune cells. Compound 24 displays great pharmacokinetics (oral bioavailability of 22%) and significant in vivo antitumor activity in a CT26 mouse model. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry data indicated that compound 24 activates the immune activity in tumors. These results suggest that compound 24 is a promising small-molecule inhibitor against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and merits further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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11
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Insights into non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction: Development and perspective. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:116038. [PMID: 33517226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a research hotspot in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been approved for treating different types of cancer. Many peptides, peptidomimetics and non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been published so far. In comparison with mAbs, small-molecule inhibitors have the potential to overcome inherent shortcomings of mAbs, such as poor oral bioavailability, low tumor penetration, and high manufacturing costs. In this article, we mainly review non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, their cocrystal structures, docking studies, and biological activities are also included to guide future study. In addition, we propose several strategies for designing more effective small-molecule modulators of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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12
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Kavvadas E. Autoantibodies specific for C1q, C3b, β2-glycoprotein 1 and annexins may amplify complement activity and reduce apoptosis-mediated immune suppression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110286. [PMID: 33254588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells hijack cell death pathways to evade the immune response. Phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptotic cells, and its highly conserved bridging proteins, annexins and β2-glycoprotein I, facilitate the efficient removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells via tumor-associated phagocytes in a process called efferocytosis. Efferocytosis results in the clearance of dead and dying cells and local immune suppression. Neoplastic cells also have an increased capacity to activate complement. Complement may facilitate the silent removal of tumor cells and has a dual role in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Here I hypothesize that immune response-generating IgG autoantibodies that recognize opsonizing fragments C1q, C3b, and phosphatidylserine-binding proteins (annexins, β2-glycoprotein I) may reduce tumor growth. I propose that these autoantibodies induce a pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic tumor microenvironment. Further, I predict that autoantibodies can drive neoplastic cell phagocytosis in an Fc receptor-dependent manner and recruit additional complement, resulting in immune-stimulatory effects. Excessive complement activation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity may stimulate anti-tumor responses, including damage to tumor vasculature. Here I provide insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic modalities to control cancer. Such therapeutic approaches should kill neoplastic cells and target their interaction with host immune cells. Thereby the pro-tumorigenic effect of dead cancer cells could be limited while inducing the anti-tumor potential of tumor-associated phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kavvadas
- 417 General Military Hospital NIMTS - Pathology Department, Monis Petraki 12, Postal Code: 11521, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor progression and implications for cancer treatment. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:1-57. [PMID: 32593398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a group of transmembrane molecules harboring cytoplasm-facing tyrosine-specific kinase functions, play essential roles in migration of multipotent cell populations and rapid proliferation of stem cells' descendants, transit amplifying cells, during embryogenesis and tissue repair. These intrinsic functions are aberrantly harnessed when cancer cells undergo intertwined phases of cell migration and proliferation during cancer progression. For example, by means of clonal expansion growth factors fixate the rarely occurring driver mutations, which initiate tumors. Likewise, autocrine and stromal growth factors propel angiogenesis and penetration into the newly sprouted vessels, which enable seeding micro-metastases at distant organs. We review genetic and other mechanisms that preempt ligand-mediated activation of RTKs, thereby supporting sustained cancer progression. The widespread occurrence of aberrant RTKs and downstream signaling pathways in cancer, identifies molecular targets suitable for pharmacological intervention. We list all clinically approved cancer drugs that specifically intercept oncogenic RTKs. These are mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which can inhibit cancer but inevitably become progressively less effective due to adaptive rewiring processes or emergence of new mutations, processes we overview. Similarly important are patient treatments making use of radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The many interfaces linking RTK-targeted therapies and these systemic or local regimens are described in details because of the great promise offered by combining pharmacological modalities.
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14
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Beta-Blockers and Cancer: Where Are We? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13060105. [PMID: 32466499 PMCID: PMC7345088 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. After diagnosis, cancer treatment may involve radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Several of the approaches used to treat cancer also attack normal cells and, thus, there is the need for more effective treatments that decrease the toxicity to normal cells and increase the success rates of treatment. The use of beta-blockers in cancer has been studied for their antagonist action on the adrenergic system through inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors. Besides regulating processes such as blood pressure, heart rate, and airway strength or reactivity, beta-blockers block mechanisms that trigger tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. This study presents a literature review of the available studies addressing cancer treatments and beta-blockers. Overall, data suggest that propranolol may be used as a complement for the treatment of several types of cancer due to its ability to improve cancer outcomes by decreasing cancer cell proliferation rates. Nonetheless, additional in vitro studies should be performed to fully understand the protective role of BBs in cancer patients.
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15
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Harding SD, Faccenda E, Southan C, Pawson AJ, Maffia P, Alexander SPH, Davenport AP, Fabbro D, Levi‐Schaffer F, Spedding M, Davies JA. The IUPHAR Guide to Immunopharmacology: connecting immunology and pharmacology. Immunology 2020; 160:10-23. [PMID: 32020584 PMCID: PMC7160657 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the critical role that the immune system plays in a multitude of diseases, having a clear understanding of the pharmacology of the immune system is crucial to new drug discovery and development. Here we describe the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Guide to Immunopharmacology (GtoImmuPdb), which connects expert-curated pharmacology with key immunological concepts and aims to put pharmacological data into the hands of immunologists. In the pursuit of new therapeutics, pharmacological databases are a vital resource to researchers through providing accurate information on the fundamental science underlying drug action. This extension to the existing IUPHAR/British Pharmacological Society Guide to Pharmacology supports research into the development of drugs targeted at modulating immune, inflammatory or infectious components of disease. To provide a deeper context for how the resource can support research we show data in GtoImmuPdb relating to a case study on the targeting of vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D. Harding
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Present address:
TW2Informatics LtdGöteborg42166Sweden
| | - Adam J. Pawson
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for ImmunobiologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Doriano Fabbro
- Cellestia Biotech SABaselSwitzerland
- TargImmune Therapeutics AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Jamie A. Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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16
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Larbouret C, Poul MA, Chardès T. [Mimicking polyclonal immune response in therapy: from combination of two monoclonal antibodies to oligoclonal antibody-based mixtures]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1083-1091. [PMID: 31903921 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases, but their clinical effectiveness remains limited in some cases. Associations of antibodies binding to the same target (homo-combination) or to several different targets (hetero-combination), thereby mimicking a polyclonal humoral immune response, have demonstrated a therapeutic improvement in pre-clinical and clinical trials, mainly in the field of oncology and infectious diseases. The combinations increase the efficacy of the biological responses and override resistance mechanisms observed with antibody monotherapy. The most common method of formulating and administering antibody combinations is a separate formulation, with sequential injection of each antibody as individual drug substance. Alternatively, combined formulations are developed where the separately-produced antibodies are mixed before administration or produced simultaneously by a single cell line, or a mixture of cell lines as a polyclonal master cell bank. The regulation, the toxicity and the injection sequence of these oligoclonal antibody-based mixtures remain points to be clarified and optimized for a better therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Larbouret
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Alix Poul
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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17
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Chen S, Guo W, Liu X, Sun P, Wang Y, Ding C, Meng L, Zhang A. Design, synthesis and antitumor study of a series of N-Cyclic sulfamoylaminoethyl substituted 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amines as new indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:38-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Mathematical modeling of drug-induced receptor internalization in the HER2-positive SKBR3 breast cancer cell-line. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12709. [PMID: 31481718 PMCID: PMC6722142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20% of breast cancer tumors over-express the HER2 receptor. Trastuzumab, an approved drug to treat this type of breast cancer, is a monoclonal antibody directly binding at the HER2 receptor and ultimately inhibiting cancer cell growth. The goal of our study was to understand the early impact of trastuzumab on HER2 internalization and recycling in the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line SKBR3. To this end, fluorescence microscopy, monitoring the amount of HER2 expression in the plasma membrane, was combined with mathematical modeling to derive the flux of HER2 receptors from and to the membrane. We constructed a dynamic multi-compartment model based on ordinary differential equations. To account for cancer cell heterogeneity, a first, dynamic model was expanded to a second model including two distinct cell phenotypes, with implications for different conformational states of HER2, i.e. monomeric or homodimeric. Our mathematical model shows that the hypothesis of fast constitutive HER2 recycling back to the plasma membrane does not match the experimental data. It conclusively describes the experimental observation that trastuzumab induces sustained receptor internalization in cells with membrane ruffles. It is also concluded that for rare, non-ruffled (flat) cells, HER2 internalization occurs three orders of magnitude slower than for the bulk, ruffled cell population.
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19
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Kopalli SR, Kang TB, Lee KH, Koppula S. Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death (PD)-1, and its Ligand, PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review Update of Patent Literature. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:100-112. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892813666181029142812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:In the last few decades, cancer immunotherapy has been extensively researched, and novel checkpoint signaling mechanisms involving Programmed Death (PD)-1 and PDLigand 1 (PD-L1) receptors have been targeted. The PD-1/PD-L1 binding and interaction play a critical role in the development of malignancies.Objective:The present review focuses on recent patents on the pharmacological and biological cancerregulating properties of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors involved in immunotherapeutic cancer drug development.Methods:Thorough patent literature search published during the last seven years, including the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®), Espacenet®, and Google Patents, to identify PD-1/PD-L1-targeting small molecule immunomodulators.Results:Several small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were patented for regulation of tumor progression by academic and industry-associated investigators. Most of the claimed patents have been validated and confined to in vitro and in vivo mouse models limiting their entry into clinical settings. Majority of the patents are claimed by the researchers at Aurigene Ltd. (India) on novel peptidomimetic compounds. It is worth to be noted that macrocyclic compounds such as the peptides QP20, HD20, WQ20, SQ20, and CQ-22 from Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) Company, biaryl, and heterocyclic derivatives including 1,3-dihydroxy-phenyl compounds were efficient in regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein binding and interaction compared to those of the approved monoclonal antibodies.Conclusion:PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors show significant anti-cancer responses as stand-alone agents and in combination with other cancer therapies. More efficient experimental studies and clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the host-tumor cells’ interactions. Understanding the cancer microenvironment, and identifying specific biomarkers and X-ray crystalline structures of PD-1/PD-L1 complexes, including molecular and genomic signature studies are essential to determine the feasibility of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for development into drug-like cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana R. Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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20
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Ju A, Lee SW, Lee YE, Han KC, Kim JC, Shin SC, Park HJ, EunKyeong Kim E, Hong S, Jang M. A carrier-free multiplexed gene editing system applicable for suspension cells. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119298. [PMID: 31280073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered cells via CRISPR/Cas9 system can serve as powerful sources for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. Furthermore, multiple genetic alterations are necessary to overcome tumor-induced immune-suppressive mechanisms. However, one of the major obstacles is the technical difficulty with efficient multiple gene manipulation of suspension cells due to the low transfection efficacy. Herein, we established a carrier-free multiplexed gene editing platform in a simplified method, which can enhance the function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by modulating suspension cancer cells. Our multiple Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) enable simultaneous disruption of two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ligands, functioning as negative regulators in the immune system, by accessing engineered Cas9 proteins with abilities of complexation and cellular penetration. In addition, combination with electroporation enhanced multiple gene editing efficacy, compared with that by treatment of multiple Cas9 RNPs alone. This procedure resulted in high gene editing at multiple loci of suspension cells. The treatment of multiple Cas9 RNPs targeting both ligands strongly improved Th1-type cytokine production of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, resulting in synergistic cytotoxic effects against cancer. Simultaneous suppression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on cancer cells via our developed editing system allows effective anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the treatment of multiple Cas9 RNPs targeting PD-L1, PD-L2, and TIM-3 had approximately 70-90% deletion efficacy. Thus, our multiplexed gene editing strategy endows potential clinical utilities in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Cheol Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Constituents of Research Center, Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mihue Jang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Sharman JL, Harding SD, Southan C, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Davies JA. Accessing Expert-Curated Pharmacological Data in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 61:1.34.1-1.34.46. [PMID: 30040201 DOI: 10.1002/cpbi.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY is an expert-curated, open-access database of information on drug targets and the substances that act on them. This unit describes the procedures for searching and downloading ligand-target binding data and for finding detailed annotations and the most relevant literature. The database includes concise overviews of the properties of 1,700 data-supported human drug targets and related proteins, divided into families, and 9,000 small molecule and peptide experimental ligands and approved drugs that bind to those targets. More detailed descriptions of pharmacology, function, and pathophysiology are provided for a subset of important targets. The information is reviewed regularly by expert subcommittees of the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. A new immunopharmacology portal has recently been added, drawing together data on immunological targets, ligands, cell types, processes and diseases. The data are available for download and can be accessed computationally via Web services. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Sharman
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D Harding
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Southan
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Maron R, Schechter B, Nataraj NB, Ghosh S, Romaniello D, Marrocco I, Noronha A, Carvalho S, Yarden Y, Sela M. Inhibition of a pancreatic cancer model by cooperative pairs of clinically approved and experimental antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:219-225. [PMID: 30952434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
By year 2025 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer related death. However, other than improved chemotherapy and a small molecule inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), no targeted drugs are currently available. Repurposing of approved drugs might offer a rapid solution. We employed an animal PDAC model, expressing a mutant and a wild type form of p53 and KRAS, respectively. Cetuximab, a clinically approved anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb) weakly inhibited PDAC xenografts, similar to trastuzumab, a mAb against HER2, a co-receptor of EGFR. Because the combination of cetuximab and trastuzumab only moderately enhanced the anti-tumor effects, we combined each with a home-made mAb to the same receptor and identified two cooperative pairs. The pair of trastuzumab and a murine anti-HER2 mAb better than the anti-EGFR pair inhibited PDAC xenografts, although HER2's abundance in our model is 15-fold lower than the level of EGFR. In vitro studies attribute cooperation to forced receptor endocytosis/degradation and inhibition of both DNA synthesis and cell migration. Taken together, our results identify cooperative pairs of anti-PDAC antibodies and highlight potential mechanisms of anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Maron
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Bilha Schechter
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, for hematological malignancies, almost 30 additional mAbs have been approved in oncology. Despite remarkable advances, relatively weak responses and resistance to antibody monotherapy remain major open issue. Overcoming resistance might require combinations of drugs blocking both the major target and the emerging secondary target. We review clinically approved combinations of antibodies and either cytotoxic regimens (chemotherapy and irradiation) or kinase inhibitors. Thereafter, we focus on the most promising and currently very active arena that combines mAbs inhibiting immune checkpoints or growth factor receptors. Clinically approved and experimental oligoclonal mixtures of mAbs targeting different antigens (hetero-combinations) or different epitopes of the same antigen (homo-combinations) are described. Effective oligoclonal mixtures of antibodies that mimic the polyclonal immune response will likely become a mainstay of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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24
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Patel A, Gupta V, Hickey J, Nightlinger NS, Rogers RS, Siska C, Joshi SB, Seaman MS, Volkin DB, Kerwin BA. Coformulation of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies 3BNC117 and PGT121: Analytical Challenges During Preformulation Characterization and Storage Stability Studies. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3032-3046. [PMID: 30176252 PMCID: PMC6269598 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated analytical challenges associated with the formulation of 2 anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), 3BNC117 and PGT121, both separately at 100 mg/mL and together at 50 mg/mL each. The bnAb formulations were characterized for relative solubility and conformational stability followed by accelerated and real-time stability studies. Although the bnAbs were stable during 4°C storage, incubation at 40°C differentiated their stability profiles. Specific concentration-dependent aggregation rates at 30°C and 40°C were measured by size exclusion chromatography for the individual bnAbs with the mixture showing intermediate behavior. Interestingly, although the relative ratio of the 2 bnAbs remained constant at 4°C, the ratio of 3BNC117 to PGT121 increased in the dimer that formed during storage at 40°C. A mass spectrometry-based multiattribute method, identified and quantified differences in modifications of the Fab regions for each bnAb within the mixture including clipping, oxidation, deamidation, and isomerization sites. Each bnAb showed slight differences in the levels and sites of lysine residue glycations. Together, these data demonstrate the ability to differentiate degradation products from individual antibodies within the bnAb mixture, and that degradation rates are influenced not only by the individual bnAb concentrations but also by the mixture concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaben Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Nancy S Nightlinger
- Just Biotherapeutics Inc., 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Richard S Rogers
- Just Biotherapeutics Inc., 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Christine Siska
- Just Biotherapeutics Inc., 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
| | - Bruce A Kerwin
- Just Biotherapeutics Inc., 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109.
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25
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Lopes A, Vanvarenberg K, Kos Š, Lucas S, Colau D, Van den Eynde B, Préat V, Vandermeulen G. Combination of immune checkpoint blockade with DNA cancer vaccine induces potent antitumor immunity against P815 mastocytoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15732. [PMID: 30356111 PMCID: PMC6200811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination against cancer has become a promising strategy for inducing a specific and long-lasting antitumor immunity. However, DNA vaccines fail to generate potent immune responses when used as a single therapy. To enhance their activity into the tumor, a DNA vaccine against murine P815 mastocytoma was combined with antibodies directed against the immune checkpoints CTLA4 and PD1. The combination of these two strategies delayed tumor growth and enhanced specific antitumor immune cell infiltration in comparison to the corresponding single therapies. The combination also promoted IFNg, IL12 and granzyme B production in the tumor microenvironment and decreased the formation of liver metastasis in a very early phase of tumor development, enabling 90% survival. These results underline the complementarity of DNA vaccination and immune checkpoint blockers in inducing a potent immune response, by exploiting the generation of antigen-specific T cells by the vaccine and the ability of immune checkpoint blockers to enhance T cell activity and infiltration in the tumor. These findings suggest how and why a rational combination therapy can overcome the limits of DNA vaccination but could also allow responses to immune checkpoint blockers in a larger proportion of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lopes
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Špela Kos
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sophie Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Didier Colau
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium.
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
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26
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Wang T, Wu X, Guo C, Zhang K, Xu J, Li Z, Jiang S. Development of Inhibitors of the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Signaling Pathway. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1715-1730. [PMID: 30247903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has made this an active field in cancer immunotherapy. Currently, most drugs targeting this pathway are monoclonal antibodies. Small-molecule inhibitors as the alternative to monoclonal antibodies are expected to overcome the disadvantages of mAbs which include production difficulties and their long half-life. Recently, progress has been reported on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitors. In this paper, we review the development of inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, focusing mainly on peptide-based and nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors. The structures and the preclinical and clinical studies of several peptide-based small-molecule candidate compounds in clinical trials are discussed. We also illustrate the design strategies underlying reported nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors and provide insight into possible future exploration. Development of small-molecule drugs for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 activity with specific cancer applications is a promising and challenging prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Changying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , 6670 Bertner Avenue , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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27
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Abstract
The benefits of polyclonal antibodies as tools for assay-specific target discovery and detection are numerous. As the future of basic research, diagnostics and biomarker discovery is dependent on high-quality reproducible data, there is a need to understand the importance and benefits of these valuable tools. All antibody forms - polyclonal, hybridoma-based monoclonal and recombinant monoclonal - have pros and cons for development, validation and use. Yet, polyclonal antibodies are embroiled in a firestorm of controversy concerning data reproducibility. We address best practices for developing and using polyclonal antibodies, pitfalls to their use and how to avoid them, and benefits to the life science community. Eliminating their use risks overlooking the unique benefits of polyclonal antibodies as 'fit-for-purpose' life science tools.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Zaia
- Center for Gene Therapy, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
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29
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Peterson GM, Thomas J, Yee KC, Kosari S, Naunton M, Olesen IH. Monoclonal antibody therapy in cancer: When two is better (and considerably more expensive) than one. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:925-930. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Thomas
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Kwang C. Yee
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Sam Kosari
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Mark Naunton
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Inger H. Olesen
- The Andrew Love Cancer Centre; Barwon Health; Geelong VIC Australia
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30
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Xu JW, Wang L, Cheng YG, Zhang GY, Hu SY, Zhou B, Zhan HX. Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: A long and hopeful journey. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:143-151. [PMID: 29605510 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the outcomes of these approaches are disappointing. Due to deeper understandings of the pivotal roles of the immune system in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and progression, novel therapeutic strategies based on immune cells and the tumor microenvironment are being investigated. Some of these approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and BiTE antibodies, have achieved exciting outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials. The current review describes the roles of immune cells and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the development of pancreatic cancer, as well as the preclinical and clinical outcomes and benefits of recent immunotherapeutic approaches, which may help us further disclose the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer progression and the dialectical views of feasibility and effectiveness of immunotherapy in treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Gang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Guang-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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31
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Li M, Lee D, Obi CR, Freeberg JK, Farr-Jones S, Tomic MT. An ambient temperature-stable antitoxin of nine co-formulated antibodies for botulism caused by serotypes A, B and E. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197011. [PMID: 29746518 PMCID: PMC5944936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective antitoxins to treat and prevent botulism are needed for biodefense. We have developed recombinant antibody-based therapeutics for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A, B, and E. The mechanism of action of this antitoxin requires that three mAbs bind one toxin molecule to achieve clearance. Here we present a co-formulation of an antitoxin to the three most important serotypes. Combining these antibodies obviates the need to identify the serotype causing intoxication prior to drug administration, which would facilitate administration. The lyophilized powder formulation contains nine mAbs, three mAbs for each of the three serotypes (A, B, E). The formulation was stored as a liquid and lyophilized powder for up to one year, and characterized by binding affinity and multiple physicochemical methods. No significant increase in soluble higher order aggregates, cleavage products, or change in charge isoforms was measured after storage as a lyophilized powder at 50°C for one year. Furthermore, toxin-domain binding ELISA data indicated that each of the individual antibodies in the lyophilized drug product showed essentially full binding capability to their respective toxin domains after being stored at 50°C for one year. Physicochemical characterization of the formulation demonstrated the nine individual mAbs were remarkably stable. This work demonstrates feasibility of lyophilized, oligoclonal antibody therapies for biodefense with ambient temperature stability, that would facilitate stockpiling, distribution, and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Li
- XOMA Corp., Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Dennis Lee
- XOMA Corp., Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Chidi R. Obi
- XOMA Corp., Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Shauna Farr-Jones
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Milan T. Tomic
- XOMA Corp., Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Hosseinzade A, Salehi M, Merikhian P, Farahmand L. Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family: from herceptin to Pan HER. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:841-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Monoclonal antibody-based of cancer therapy has been considered as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last two decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signalling pathways play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Hence, anti-EGFR family mAbs is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy.
Key findings
Here, recent advances in anti-EGFR mAb including approved or successfully tested in preclinical and clinical studies have been reviewed. Although we focus on monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy, to some extend the resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and some therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance such as combination of mAbs on different pathways are briefly discussed as well.
Summary
The EGFR family receptors, is considered as an attractive target for mAb development to inhibit their consecutive activities in tumour growth and resistance. However, due to resistance mechanisms, the combination therapies may become a good candidate for targeting EGFR family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Merikhian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Hsu YC, Coumar MS, Wang WC, Shiao HY, Ke YY, Lin WH, Kuo CC, Chang CW, Kuo FM, Chen PY, Wang SY, Li AS, Chen CH, Kuo PC, Chen CP, Wu MH, Huang CL, Yen KJ, Chang YI, Hsu JTA, Chen CT, Yeh TK, Song JS, Shih C, Hsieh HP. Discovery of BPR1K871, a quinazoline based, multi-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of AML and solid tumors: Rational design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86239-86256. [PMID: 27863392 PMCID: PMC5349910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a quinazoline-based, multi-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies is reported. Based on the previously reported furanopyrimidine 3, quinazoline core containing lead 4 was synthesized and found to impart dual FLT3/AURKA inhibition (IC50 = 127/5 nM), as well as improved physicochemical properties. A detailed structure-activity relationship study of the lead 4 allowed FLT3 and AURKA inhibition to be finely tuned, resulting in AURKA selective (5 and 7; 100-fold selective over FLT3), FLT3 selective (13; 30-fold selective over AURKA) and dual FLT3/AURKA selective (BPR1K871; IC50 = 19/22 nM) agents. BPR1K871 showed potent anti-proliferative activities in MOLM-13 and MV4-11 AML cells (EC50 ∼ 5 nM). Moreover, kinase profiling and cell-line profiling revealed BPR1K871 to be a potential multi-kinase inhibitor. Functional studies using western blot and DNA content analysis in MV4-11 and HCT-116 cell lines revealed FLT3 and AURKA/B target modulation inside the cells. In vivo efficacy in AML xenograft models (MOLM-13 and MV4-11), as well as in solid tumor models (COLO205 and Mia-PaCa2), led to the selection of BPR1K871 as a preclinical development candidate for anti-cancer therapy. Further detailed studies could help to investigate the full potential of BPR1K871 as a multi-kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Chang Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Wen-Chieh Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Yi Shiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsing Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Ming Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sing-Yi Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Siou Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chu Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hsine Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Lung Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuei-Jung Yen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-I Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John T-A Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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34
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Mancini M, Gal H, Gaborit N, Mazzeo L, Romaniello D, Salame TM, Lindzen M, Mahlknecht G, Enuka Y, Burton DG, Roth L, Noronha A, Marrocco I, Adreka D, Altstadter RE, Bousquet E, Downward J, Maraver A, Krizhanovsky V, Yarden Y. An oligoclonal antibody durably overcomes resistance of lung cancer to third-generation EGFR inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:294-308. [PMID: 29212784 PMCID: PMC5801506 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations identify patients with lung cancer who derive benefit from kinase inhibitors. However, most patients eventually develop resistance, primarily due to the T790M second-site mutation. Irreversible inhibitors (e.g., osimertinib/AZD9291) inhibit T790M-EGFR, but several mechanisms, including a third-site mutation, C797S, confer renewed resistance. We previously reported that a triple mixture of monoclonal antibodies, 3×mAbs, simultaneously targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, inhibits T790M-expressing tumors. We now report that 3×mAbs, including a triplet containing cetuximab and trastuzumab, inhibits C797S-expressing tumors. Unlike osimertinib, which induces apoptosis, 3×mAbs promotes degradation of the three receptors and induces cellular senescence. Consistent with distinct mechanisms, treatments combining 3×mAbs plus sub-inhibitory doses of osimertinib synergistically and persistently eliminated tumors. Thus, oligoclonal antibodies, either alone or in combination with kinase inhibitors, might preempt repeated cycles of treatment and rapid emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilah Gal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Georg Mahlknecht
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dominick Ga Burton
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Adreka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Emilie Bousquet
- Oncogenic Pathways in Lung Cancer, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Julian Downward
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Lung Cancer Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Antonio Maraver
- Oncogenic Pathways in Lung Cancer, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Harding SD, Sharman JL, Faccenda E, Southan C, Pawson AJ, Ireland S, Gray AJG, Bruce L, Alexander SPH, Anderton S, Bryant C, Davenport AP, Doerig C, Fabbro D, Levi-Schaffer F, Spedding M, Davies JA. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2018: updates and expansion to encompass the new guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:D1091-D1106. [PMID: 29149325 PMCID: PMC5753190 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1451] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb, www.guidetopharmacology.org) and its precursor IUPHAR-DB, have captured expert-curated interactions between targets and ligands from selected papers in pharmacology and drug discovery since 2003. This resource continues to be developed in conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the British Pharmacological Society (BPS). As previously described, our unique model of content selection and quality control is based on 96 target-class subcommittees comprising 512 scientists collaborating with in-house curators. This update describes content expansion, new features and interoperability improvements introduced in the 10 releases since August 2015. Our relationship matrix now describes ∼9000 ligands, ∼15 000 binding constants, ∼6000 papers and ∼1700 human proteins. As an important addition, we also introduce our newly funded project for the Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (GtoImmuPdb, www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org). This has been 'forked' from the well-established GtoPdb data model and expanded into new types of data related to the immune system and inflammatory processes. This includes new ligands, targets, pathways, cell types and diseases for which we are recruiting new IUPHAR expert committees. Designed as an immunopharmacological gateway, it also has an emphasis on potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Harding
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Chris Southan
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sam Ireland
- Department of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alasdair J G Gray
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Liam Bruce
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen Anderton
- MRC Centre for inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Clare Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Doerig
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | | | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | | | - Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 131 650 2999;
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36
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Abstract
As of May 1, 2017, 74 antibody-based molecules have been approved by a regulatory authority in a major market. Additionally, there are 70 and 575 antibody-based molecules in phase III and phase I/II clinical trials, respectively. These total 719 antibody-based clinical stage molecules include 493 naked IgGs, 87 antibody-drug conjugates, 61 bispecific antibodies, 37 total Fc fusion proteins, 17 radioimmunoglobulins, 13 antibody fragments, and 11 immunocytokines. New uses for these antibodies are being discovered each year. For oncology, many of the exciting new approaches involve antibody modulation of T-cells. There are over 80 antibodies in clinical trials targeting T cell checkpoints, 26 T-cell-redirected bispecific antibodies, and 145 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell-based candidates (all currently in phase I or II clinical trials), totaling more than 250 T cell interacting clinical stage antibody-based candidates. Finally, significant progress has been made recently on routes of delivery, including delivery of proteins across the blood-brain barrier, oral delivery to the gut, delivery to the cellular cytosol, and gene- and viral-based delivery of antibodies. Thus, there are currently at least 864 antibody-based clinical stage molecules or cells, with incredible diversity in how they are constructed and what activities they impart. These are followed by a next wave of novel molecules, approaches, and new methods and routes of delivery, demonstrating that the field of antibody-based biologics is very innovative and diverse in its approaches to fulfill their promise to treat unmet medical needs.
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37
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Aptamers and Glioblastoma: Their Potential Use for Imaging and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122576. [PMID: 29189740 PMCID: PMC5751179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumour, renowned for its infiltrative growth and varied genetic profiles. The current treatment options are insufficient, and their off-target effects greatly reduce patient quality of life. The major challenge in improving glioblastoma diagnosis and treatment involves the development of a targeted imaging and drug delivery platform, capable of circumventing the blood brain barrier and specifically targeting glioblastoma tumours. The unique properties of aptamers demonstrate their capability of bridging the gap to the development of successful diagnosis and treatment options, where antibodies have previously failed. Aptamers possess many characteristics that make them an ideal novel imaging and therapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma and other brain malignancies, and are likely to provide patients with a better standard of care and improved quality of life. Their target sensitivity, selective nature, ease of modification and low immunogenicity make them an ideal drug-delivery platform. This review article summarises the aptamers previously generated against glioblastoma cells or its identified biomarkers, and their potential application in diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma tumours.
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38
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Toyokuni S, Ito F, Yamashita K, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S. Iron and thiol redox signaling in cancer: An exquisite balance to escape ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:610-626. [PMID: 28433662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a constant worldwide increase in cancer mortality, although the age of onset is increasing. Recent accumulation of genomic data on human cancer via next-generation sequencing confirmed that cancer is a disease of genome alteration. In many cancers, the Nrf2 transcription system is activated via mutations either in Nrf2 or Keap1 ubiquitin ligase, leading to persistent activation of the genes with antioxidative functions. Furthermore, deep sequencing of passenger mutations is clarifying responsible cancer causative agent(s) in each case, including aging, APOBEC activation, smoking and UV. Therefore, it is most likely that oxidative stress is the principal initiating factor in carcinogenesis, with the involvement of two essential molecules for life, iron and oxygen. There is evidence based on epidemiological and animal studies that excess iron is a major risk for carcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of ferroptosis-resistance. Microscopic visualization of catalytic Fe(II) has recently become available. Although catalytic Fe(II) is largely present in lysosomes, proliferating cells harbor catalytic Fe(II) also in the cytosol and mitochondria. Oxidative stress catalyzed by Fe(II) is counteracted by thiol systems at different functional levels. Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen (per)sulfide modulate these reactions. Mitochondria generate not only energy but also heme/iron sulfur cluster cofactors and remain mostly dysfunctional in cancer cells, leading to Warburg effects. Cancer cells are under persistent oxidative stress with a delicate balance between catalytic iron and thiols, thereby escaping ferroptosis. Thus, high-dose L-ascorbate and non-thermal plasma as well as glucose/glutamine deprivation may provide additional benefits as cancer therapies over preexisting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
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Vlachostergios PJ, Galletti G, Palmer J, Lam L, Karir BS, Tagawa ST. Antibody therapeutics for treating prostate cancer: where are we now and what comes next? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:135-149. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1258398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Galletti
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Palmer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Lam
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beerinder S. Karir
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott T. Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Groner BL, Hynes NE. Breast Cancer Patients Have Greatly Benefited from the Progress in Molecular Oncology. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000314. [PMID: 27684370 PMCID: PMC5042426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has become a global enterprise, and the number of researchers, as well as the cost for their activities, has skyrocketed. The budget for the National Cancer Institute of the United States National Institutes of Health alone was US$5.2 billion in 2015. Since most of the research is funded by public money, it is perfectly legitimate to ask if these large expenses are worth it. In this brief commentary, we recapitulate some of the breakthroughs that mark the history of breast cancer research over the past decades and emphasize the resulting benefits for afflicted women. In 1971, only 40% of women diagnosed with breast cancer would live another 10 years. Today, nearly 80% of women reach that significant milestone in most developed countries. This dramatic change has afforded breast cancer patients many productive years and a better quality of life. Progress resulted largely from advances in the understanding of the molecular details of the disease and their translation into innovative, rationally designed therapies. These developments are founded on the revolution in molecular and cellular biology, an entirely new array of methods and technologies, the enthusiasm, optimism, and diligence of scientists and clinicians, and the considerable funding efforts from public and private sources. We were lucky to be able to spend our productive years in a period of scientific upheaval in which methods and concepts were revolutionized and that allowed us to contribute, within the global scientific community, to the progress in basic science and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd L. Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (BLG); (NEH)
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (BLG); (NEH)
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Siebert N, Jensen C, Troschke-Meurer S, Zumpe M, Jüttner M, Ehlert K, Kietz S, Müller I, Lode HN. Neuroblastoma patients with high-affinity FCGR2A, -3A and stimulatory KIR 2DS2 treated by long-term infusion of anti-GD 2 antibody ch14.18/CHO show higher ADCC levels and improved event-free survival. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1235108. [PMID: 27999754 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1235108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in Fc-gamma-receptor (FCGR) genes as well as killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and KIR ligand (KIRL) repertoires may influence antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Here, we systematically analyzed high- and low-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes as well as stimulating and inhibitory KIR/KIRL combinations in 53 neuroblastoma (NB) patients treated by long-term infusion (LTI) of anti-GD2 IgG1 Ab ch14.18/CHO using validated real-time PCR methods. Patients with high-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes showed a higher level of Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) on day 8 after the start of ch14.18/CHO and superior event-free survival (EFS) compared to patients with low FCGR genotypes. Similar observations were made for patients with stimulatory KIR/KIRL haplotype B (combination of KIR genes including activating receptor genes) compared to inhibitory haplotype A (a fixed set of genes encoding for inhibitory receptors, except 2DS4) and stronger effects were found in patients when haplotype B and high-affinity FCGRs were combined. Surprisingly, independent analysis of KIRs showed a major role of activating KIR 2DS2 for high ADCC levels and prolongation of EFS. The greatest effect was observed in 2DS2-positive patients that also had high-affinity FCGR2A and -3A genotypes. In summary, the presence of the activating KIR 2DS2 has a major effect on ADCC levels and survival in NB patients treated by LTI of ch14.18/CHO and may therefore be a useful biomarker in combination with FCGR polymorphisms for Ab-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Jensen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Madlen Jüttner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karoline Ehlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Kietz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ina Müller
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
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Di Lorenzo G, De Placido S, Pagliuca M, Ferro M, Lucarelli G, Rossetti S, Bosso D, Puglia L, Pignataro P, Ascione I, De Cobelli O, Caraglia M, Aieta M, Terracciano D, Facchini G, Buonerba C, Sonpavde G. The evolving role of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1387-1401. [PMID: 27463642 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1216964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the majority of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors currently used for the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are small molecule agents inhibiting multiple targets, monoclonal antibodies are inhibitors of specific targets, which may decrease off-target effects while preserving on-target activity. A few monoclonal antibodies have already been approved for mRCC (bevacizumab, nivolumab), while many others may play an important role in the therapeutic scenario of mRCC. AREAS COVERED This review describes emerging monoclonal antibodies for treating RCC. Currently, bevacizumab, a VEGF monoclonal antibody, is approved in combination with interferon for the therapy of metastatic RCC, while nivolumab, a Programmed Death (PD)-1 inhibitor, is approved following prior VEGF inhibitor treatment. Other PD-1 and PD-ligand (L)-1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical development. EXPERT OPINION Combinations of inhibitors of the PD1/PD-L1 axis with VEGF inhibitors or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in mRCC. The development of biomarkers predictive for benefit and rational tolerable combinations are both important pillars of research to improve outcomes in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Martina Pagliuca
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- b Department of Urology , European Institute of Oncology (IEO) , Milan , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- c Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- d Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Davide Bosso
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Livio Puglia
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- e Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Ilaria Ascione
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- b Department of Urology , European Institute of Oncology (IEO) , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- f Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- g Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology , Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- h Department of Translational Medical Sciences , University 'Federico II' , Naples , Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- d Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University Federico II of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- i University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Konstantinidou M, Gao Y, Krzemien D, Zak K, Dubin G, Holak TA, Dömling A. Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1): a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:973-7. [PMID: 27367741 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1206527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongzhi Gao
- a Department of Drug Design , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Dobroslawa Krzemien
- b Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zak
- b Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- b Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- b Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland.,c Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- a Department of Drug Design , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Corti D, Kearns JD. Promises and pitfalls for recombinant oligoclonal antibodies-based therapeutics in cancer and infectious disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 40:51-61. [PMID: 26995095 PMCID: PMC7127534 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases and the application of combinations of mAbs has demonstrated improved therapeutic activity in both preclinical and clinical testing. Combinations of antibodies have several advantages such as the capacities to target multiple and mutating antigens in complex pathogens and to engage varied epitopes on multiple disease-related antigens (e.g. receptors) to overcome heterogeneity and plasticity. Oligoclonal antibodies are an emerging therapeutic format in which a novel antibody combination is developed as a single drug product. Here, we will provide historical context on the use of oligoclonal antibodies in oncology and infectious diseases and will highlight practical considerations related to their preclinical and clinical development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey D Kearns
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Carvalho S, Levi‐Schaffer F, Sela M, Yarden Y. Immunotherapy of cancer: from monoclonal to oligoclonal cocktails of anti-cancer antibodies: IUPHAR Review 18. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1407-24. [PMID: 26833433 PMCID: PMC4831314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapy of cancer employs monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to soluble ligands, membrane antigens of T-lymphocytes or proteins located at the surface of cancer cells. The latter mAbs are often combined with cytotoxic regimens, because they block survival of residual fractions of tumours that evade therapy-induced cell death. Antibodies, along with kinase inhibitors, have become in the last decade the mainstay of oncological pharmacology. However, partial and transient responses, as well as emergence of tumour resistance, currently limit clinical application of mAbs. To overcome these hurdles, oligoclonal antibody mixtures are being tested in animal models and in clinical trials. The first homo-combination of two mAbs, each engaging a distinct site of HER2, an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), has been approved for treatment of breast cancer. Likewise, a hetero-combination of antibodies to two distinct T-cell antigens, PD1 and CTLA4, has been approved for treatment of melanoma. In a similar vein, additive or synergistic anti-tumour effects observed in animal models have prompted clinical testing of hetero-combinations of antibodies simultaneously engaging distinct RTKs. We discuss the promise of antibody cocktails reminiscent of currently used mixtures of chemotherapeutics and highlight mechanisms potentially underlying their enhanced clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Francesca Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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