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Arturo Tozzi, Minella R. Dynamics and metabolic effects of intestinal gases in healthy humans. Biochimie 2024; 221:81-90. [PMID: 38325747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Many living beings use exogenous and/or endogenous gases to attain evolutionary benefits. We make a comprehensive assessment of one of the major gaseous reservoirs in the human body, i.e., the bowel, providing extensive data that may serve as reference for future studies. We assess the intestinal gases in healthy humans, including their volume, composition, source and local distribution in proximal as well as distal gut. We analyse each one of the most abundant intestinal gases including nitrogen, oxygen, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and cyanide. For every gas, we describe diffusive patterns, active trans-barrier transport dynamics, chemical properties, intra-/extra-intestinal metabolic effects mediated by intracellular, extracellular, paracrine and distant actions. Further, we highlight the local and systemic roles of gasotransmitters, i.e., signalling gaseous molecules that can freely diffuse through the intestinal cellular membranes. Yet, we provide testable hypotheses concerning the still unknown effects of some intestinal gases on the myenteric and submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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Quan X, Zhang M, Qiao Z, Kou X, Xue Q, Wang J, Li L. Nitric oxide and ion channels mediate L-cysteine-induced inhibition of colonic smooth muscle contraction. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:11-20. [PMID: 38141146 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that L-cysteine regulates gut motility through hydrogen sulfide. However, the mechanisms involved in the L-cysteine-induced response have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of L-cysteine on spontaneous contraction of rat colon. Longitudinal and circular muscle strips from rat middle colon were prepared to measure the spontaneous contractile activities of colon in an organ bath system. Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were applied to record the currents of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv) in isolated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from colon. L-cysteine inhibited the spontaneous contraction of longitudinal and circular muscle strips from the rat colon in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition induced by L-cysteine was significantly decreased by inhibitors of H2S synthesis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the suppression induced by L-cysteine was partially attenuated by tetrodotoxin, L-NNA and glibenclamide (p < 0.05). Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings showed that L-cysteine caused a remarkable reduction in the peak currents of VDCCs and significantly increased the membrane currents of Kv channels in isolated SMCs (p < 0.05). We concluded that L-cysteine inhibits the contractile activities of smooth muscle strips from the rat colon. The relaxation in response to L-cysteine may be in part mediated by a nitrergic pathway and by inhibiting the VDCCs in combination with a direct activation of the KV channels and KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaojun Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Kou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Koc A, Koc DS, Askin CI, Kara H, Ozturk Fincan GS, Ozger Ilhan S, Sarioglu Y. Effects of hydrogen sulfide on relaxation responses in the lower esophageal sphincter in rabbits: the potential role of potassium channels. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1537-1550. [PMID: 37668686 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a significant physiologic inhibitory neurotransmitter. The main goal of this research was to examine the contribution of diverse potassium (K+) channels and nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the H2S effect on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic contractile responses in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). EFS-induced contractile responses of rabbit isolated LES strips were recorded using force transducers in organ baths that contain Krebs-Henseleit solutions (20 ml). Cumulative doses of NaHS, L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA were evaluated in NO-dependent and NO-independent groups. The experiments were conducted again in the presence of K+ channel blockers. In both NO-dependent and NO-independent groups, NaHS, L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA significantly reduced EFS-induced contractile responses. In the NO-dependent group, the effect of NaHS and L-cysteine decreased in the presence of 4-AP, and also the effect of NaHS decreased in the NO-dependent and independent group in the presence of TEA. In the NO-independent group, K+ channel blockers didn't change L-cysteine-induced relaxations. K+ channel blockers had no impact on the effects of PAG and AOAA. In addition, NaHS significantly relaxed 80-mM KCl-induced contractions, whereas L-cysteine, PAG, and AOAA did not. In the present study, H2S decreased the amplitudes of EFS-induced contraction responses. These results suggest that Kv channels and NO significantly contribute to exogenous H2S and endogenous H2S precursor L-cysteine inhibitory effect on lower esophageal sphincter smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Koc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Sebile Koc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celil Ilker Askin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Sevil Ozger Ilhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sarioglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ye J, Salti T, Zanditenas E, Trebicz-Geffen M, Benhar M, Ankri S. Impact of Reactive Sulfur Species on Entamoeba histolytica: Modulating Viability, Motility, and Biofilm Degradation Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38397843 PMCID: PMC10886169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH) emerged as key signaling molecules with diverse physiological roles in the body, depending on their concentration and the cellular environment. While it is known that H2S and Cys-SSH are produced by both colonocytes and by the gut microbiota through sulfur metabolism, it remains unknown how these RSS affect amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic protozoan that can be present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates H2S and Cys-SSH's impact on E. histolytica physiology and explores potential therapeutic implications. Exposing trophozoites to the H2S donor, sodium sulfide (Na2S), or to Cys-SSH led to rapid cytotoxicity. A proteomic analysis of Cys-SSH-challenged trophozoites resulted in the identification of >500 S-sulfurated proteins, which are involved in diverse cellular processes. Functional assessments revealed inhibited protein synthesis, altered cytoskeletal dynamics, and reduced motility in trophozoites treated with Cys-SSH. Notably, cysteine proteases (CPs) were significantly inhibited by S-sulfuration, affecting their bacterial biofilm degradation capacity. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed alterations in actin dynamics, corroborating the proteomic findings. Thus, our study reveals how RSS perturbs critical cellular functions in E. histolytica, potentially influencing its pathogenicity and interactions within the gut microbiota. Understanding these molecular mechanisms offers novel insights into amebiasis pathogenesis and unveils potential therapeutic avenues targeting RSS-mediated modifications in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Talal Salti
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Eva Zanditenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
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Li P, Tong T, Wu Y, Zhou X, Zhang M, Liu J, She Y, Li Z, Li Y. The Synergism of Human Lactobacillaceae and Inulin Decrease Hyperglycemia via Regulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Profiles in db/db Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1657-1670. [PMID: 37734909 PMCID: PMC10772568 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from human feces coordinating with inulin on the composition of gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in db/db mice. These supplements were administered to db/db mice for 12 weeks. The results showed that the Lactobacillaceae coordinating with inulin group (LI) exhibited lower fasting blood glucose levels than the model control group (MC). Additionally, LI was found to enhance colon tissue and increase the levels of short-chain fatty acids. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the abundance of Corynebacterium and Proteus, which were significantly increased in the MC group compared with NC group, were significantly decreased by the treatment of LI that also restored the key genera of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Desulfovibrio, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that lotaustralin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 13(S)-HpODE were increased while L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan were decreased in the MC group compared with the NC group. However, the intervention of LI reversed the levels of these metabolites in the intestine. Correlation analysis revealed that Lachnoclostridium and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were negatively correlated with 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 13(S)-HpODE, but positively correlated with L-tryptophan. 13(S)-HpODE was involved in the "linoleic acid metabolism". L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were involved in "tryptophan metabolism" and "serotonergic synapse". These findings suggest that LI may alleviate type 2 diabetes symptoms by modulating the abundance of Ruminococcus_gnavus_group and Lachnoclostridium to regulate the pathways of "linoleic acid metabolism", "serotonergic synapse", and" tryptophan metabolism". Our results provide new insights into prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifan Li
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Tong Tong
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Yusong Wu
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Sino Canada health engineering research institute, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Internal Trade Food Science and Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102209, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zuming Li
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Pouokam E, Vallejo A, Martínez E, Traserra S, Jimenez M. Complementary mechanisms of modulation of spontaneous phasic contractions by the gaseous signalling molecules NO, H 2S, HNO and the polysulfide Na 2S 3 in the rat colon. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:495-507. [PMID: 34624185 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may be produced during inflammation leading to the formation of NO, H2S or HNO. Enzymes such as iNOS, CSE and CBS might also be responsible for polysulfide production. Since these signalling molecules might have an impact on colonic motility, the aim of this study was to compare their effect on rat colonic slow phasic contractions (SPC). METHODS Organ bath measurements with strips obtained from rat proximal colon were performed using the polysulfide Na2S3, sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), Angeli's salt as NO, H2S, and HNO donors, respectively. TTX (1 µM) was used to block neuronal activity. RESULTS All four molecules, concentration-dependently, inhibited the amplitude and frequency of SPC both in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer. The relative potency was NaNP>Angeli's salt>NaHS>Na2S3. The inhibitory response induced by NaNP (1 µM) and Angeli's salt (50 µM) was reversed by ODQ (10 µM) whereas the inhibitory effect of NaHS (1 mM) was reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). Na2S3 (1 mM) response was partially reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). High concentrations of Na2S3 caused an increase in tone. Low concentrations of NaHS or Na2S3 did not potentiate NaNP responses. CONCLUSIONS All signalling molecules inhibit SPC in both muscle layers. The effect is independent of neural activity and involves guanylyl cyclase (NO and HNO) and SKCa and KATP channels (NaHS or Na2S3). Other pathways might also be involved in Na2S3 responses. Accordingly, complementary mechanisms of inhibition might be attributable to these signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervice Pouokam
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Adriana Vallejo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Traserra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hou J, Huang Y, Fu L, Sun M, Wang L, Guo R, Chen L, Lv C. Evaluating the Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Model with a Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5514-5521. [PMID: 36943917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. H2S has been proven to play a beneficial role in lung diseases, and the relationship between perturbations in endogenous H2S synthesis and degree with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has attacted increasing attention. However, the changes in endogenous lung H2S levels in the pathological progression of chronic pulmonary diseases remain unclear. To this end, we synthesized a fluorescent probe (Bcy-HS) for the selective imaging of H2S in living cells and mice. This probe was mainly used for in situ in vivo and cellular imaging as well as a systematic assessment of intrapulmonary H2S levels at different stages of IPF. In addition, we also discussed the potential of H2S supplementation in the treatment of pulmonary fibrotic diseases. Our results confirmed the key role of H2S in pulmonary fibrosis. In cellular and mice models of pulmonary fibrosis, intracellular H2S levels are reduced. However, the severity of oxidative damage and pulmonary fibrosis decreased after NaSH (H2S donor). Therefore, we concluded that increasing the H2S content in vivo may be a novel strategy for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Lili Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Mingzhao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Runjing Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
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Quan X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Sun C, Luo H, Wang J. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development of Colonic Hypomotility in a Diabetic Mouse Model Induced by Streptozocin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:287-295. [PMID: 36357158 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, is involved in the regulation of gut motility. Alterations in the balance of H2S play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the role of H2S in the colonic hypomotility of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce the type 1 diabetes model. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into a control group and an STZ-treated group. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, H2S generation, organ bath studies and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were carried out in single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the colon. We found that STZ-induced diabetic mice showed decreased stool output, impaired colonic contractility, and increased endogenous generation of H2S (p < 0.05). H2S-producing enzymes were upregulated in the colon tissues of diabetic mice (p < 0.05). The exogenous H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) elicited a biphasic action on colonic muscle contraction with excitation at lower concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations. NaHS (0.1 mM) increased the currents of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), while NaHS at 0.5 mM and 1.5 mM induced inhibition. Furthermore, NaHS reduced the currents of both voltage-dependent potassium (KV) channels and large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that spontaneous contraction of colonic muscle strips from diabetic mice induced by STZ was significantly decreased, which may underlie the constipation associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). H2S overproduction with subsequent suppression of muscle contraction via VDCCs on SMCs may contribute in part to the pathogenesis of colonic hypomotility in DM. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hydrogen sulfide may exhibit a biphasic effect on colonic motility in mice by regulating the activities of voltage-dependent calcium channels and voltage-dependent and large conductance calcium activated potassium channels. H2S overproduction with subsequent suppression of muscle contraction via VDCCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic hypomotility in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Ceng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology (X.Q., Y.L., C.S., J.W.) and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (J.Z.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; and Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (H.L.)
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Zhang J, Cen L, Zhang X, Tang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Lu C, Li M, Li S, Lin B, Zhang T, Song X, Yu C, Wu H, Shen Z. MPST deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via AKT. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102469. [PMID: 36126419 PMCID: PMC9486620 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are considered the main characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity in IBD. The main aim of this study was to explore the role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), a key enzyme that regulates endogenous H2S biosynthesis, in IBD. Methods Colonic MPST expression was evaluated in mice and patients with IBD. Various approaches were used to explore the concrete mechanism underlying MPST regulation of the progression of colitis through in vivo and in vitro models. Results MPST expression was markedly decreased in colonic samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) and from mice treated with DSS. MPST deficiency significantly aggravated the symptoms of murine colitis, exacerbated inflammatory responses and apoptosis, and inhibited epithelium stem cell-derived organoid formation in an H2S-independent manner. Consistently, when HT29 cells were treated with TNF-α, inhibition of MPST significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the amount of ROS and the prevalence of apoptosis, whereas overexpression of MPST markedly improved these effects. RNA-seq analysis showed that MPST might play a role in regulating apoptosis through AKT signaling. Mechanistically, MPST directly interacted with AKT and reduced the phosphorylation of AKT. Additionally, MPST expression was positively correlated with AKT expression in human IBD samples. In addition, overexpression of AKT rescued IEC apoptosis caused by MPST deficiency, while inhibition of AKT significantly aggravated it. Conclusions MPST protects the intestines from inflammation most likely by regulating the AKT/apoptosis axis in IECs. Our results may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li Cen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chao Lu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Song
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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10
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Shanahan ER, Kang S, Staudacher H, Shah A, Do A, Burns G, Chachay VS, Koloski NA, Keely S, Walker MM, Talley NJ, Morrison M, Holtmann GJ. Alterations to the duodenal microbiota are linked to gastric emptying and symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Gut 2022; 72:929-938. [PMID: 36167662 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex disorder, with debilitating epigastric symptoms. Evidence suggests alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) motility, visceral hypersensitivity, permeability and low-level immune activation in the duodenum may play a role. However, we still have a relatively poor understanding of how these factors interact to precipitate the onset of FD symptoms which are frequently meal related. The duodenal microbiota, in combination with specific dietary substrates, may be important mediators in disease pathophysiology; however, these interlinked factors have not been thoroughly investigated in FD. DESIGN Eighty-six individuals (56 FD, 30 controls) undergoing endoscopy were consecutively recruited and underwent detailed clinical assessment, including upper GI symptoms, gastric emptying and dietary assessment. Duodenal biopsies were obtained aseptically, and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) analysed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS The relative abundances of predominant members of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota phyla were linked to symptom burden in FD. Inverse relationships between the relative abundances of Streptococcus and Prevotella, and the relative abundance of Veillonella spp with gastric emptying time, were also observed. No significant differences in long-term nutrient intake or diet quality were found between FD and controls, and there appeared to be limited association between habitual diet and duodenal MAM profiles. CONCLUSION This study suggests a link between the duodenal MAM, gastric emptying and FD symptoms, and this is largely independent of long-term dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Shanahan
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Seungha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi Staudacher
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ayesha Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anh Do
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grace Burns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Veronique S Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natasha A Koloski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerald J Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, and NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Digestive Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Chen L, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Yang G, Wang C, Zhao Z, Li S. Chondroitin sulfate stimulates the secretion of H 2S by Desulfovibrio to improve insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:631-638. [PMID: 35667460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a bioactive gas regulating insulin secretion and sensitivity, produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the gut. The present study investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS) treatment, which indirectly increased the H2S production on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 7-week CS supplementation had beneficial effects on body weight gain, liver function, hepatic histology, and serum lipid levels. CS could ameliorate diet-induced insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity via the AKT pathway, and modulate gut microbiota composition, especially increased the abundance of Desulfovibrio and elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Collectively, these findings suggested that CS treatment was positively correlated with Desulfovibrio in the gut, and the metabolic H2S flowed into the liver via the gut-liver axis, thereby triggering the AKT signaling pathway and improving insulin resistance. Thus, CS-induced alterations in the gut microbiota seem a promising for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yansong Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Ge Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
| | - Shengyu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National R&D Center for Milk Processing, Changchun 130033, PR China.
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12
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Roda B, Zhang N, Gambari L, Grigolo B, Eller-Vainicher C, Gennari L, Zappi A, Giordani S, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Grassi F. Optimization of a Monobromobimane (MBB) Derivatization and RP-HPLC-FLD Detection Method for Sulfur Species Measurement in Human Serum after Sulfur Inhalation Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050939. [PMID: 35624802 PMCID: PMC9138032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a widely recognized gasotransmitter, with key roles in physiological and pathological processes. The accurate quantification of H2S and reactive sulfur species (RSS) may hold important implications for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. However, H2S species quantification in biological matrices is still a challenge. Among the sulfide detection methods, monobromobimane (MBB) derivatization coupled with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is one of the most reported. However, it is characterized by a complex preparation and time-consuming process, which may alter the actual H2S level; moreover, a quantitative validation has still not been described. (2) Methods: We developed and validated an improved analytical protocol for the MBB RP-HPLC method. MBB concentration, temperature and sample handling were optimized, and the calibration method was validated using leave-one-out cross-validation and tested in a clinical setting. (3) Results: The method shows high sensitivity and allows the quantification of H2S species, with a limit of detection of 0.5 µM. Finally, it can be successfully applied in measurements of H2S levels in the serum of patients subjected to inhalation with vapors rich in H2S. (4) Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the proposed method is precise and reliable for measuring H2S species in biological matrices and can be used to provide key insights into the etiopathogenesis of several diseases and sulfur-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- byFlow SRL, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.G.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Zappi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- byFlow SRL, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- byFlow SRL, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.Z.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (V.M.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- byFlow SRL, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grassi
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.G.)
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13
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Quan X, Chen W, Qin B, Wang J, Luo H, Dai F. The excitatory effect of hydrogen sulfide on rat colonic muscle contraction and the underlying mechanism. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Seydi E, Irandoost Z, Khansari MG, Naserzadeh P, Tanbakosazan F, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide on Rat Brain Neurons. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:197-202. [PMID: 35176794 DOI: 10.1055/a-1750-8870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic compound known as a member of the gasotransmitter family. H2S has the ability to inhibit the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria play an important role in energy production and the brain needs energy for normal function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by H2S in brain neurons. thioacetamide has been used to produce H2S in water solutions. The results of the study showed that thioacetamide at concentrations of 116, 232 and 464 µg/ml was able to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), damage to the lysosomal membrane, increase in the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decrease in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain neurons. The results of the study suggested that H2S causes damage to mitochondria and lysosomes in brain neurons that could be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Irandoost
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Tanbakosazan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ding H, Chang J, He F, Gai S, Yang P. Hydrogen Sulfide: An Emerging Precision Strategy for Gas Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101984. [PMID: 34788499 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the rapid development of stimuli-responsive therapeutic nanomaterials for precision gas therapy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a significant gaseous signaling molecule with intrinsic biochemical properties, which exerts its various physiological effects under both normal and pathological conditions. Various nanomaterials with H2 S-responsive properties, as new-generation therapeutic agents, are explored to guide therapeutic behaviors in biological milieu. The cross disciplinary of H2 S is an emerging scientific hotspot that studies the chemical properties, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic effects of H2 S. This review summarizes the state-of-art research on H2 S-related nanomedicines. In particular, recent advances in H2 S therapeutics for cancer, such as H2 S-mediated gas therapy and H2 S-related synergistic therapies (combined with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic therapy) are highlighted. Versatile imaging techniques for real-time monitoring H2 S during biological diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the biosafety issues, current challenges, and potential possibilities in the evolution of H2 S-based therapy that facilitate clinical translation to patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Jinhu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 P. R. China
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16
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Lee KJ. The Usefulness of Symptom-based Subtypes of Functional Dyspepsia for Predicting Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Choosing Appropriate Therapeutic Agents. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 27:326-336. [PMID: 34210898 PMCID: PMC8266502 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered to be a heterogeneous disorder with different pathophysiological mechanisms or pathogenetic factors. In addition to traditional mechanisms, novel concepts regarding pathophysiologic mechanisms of FD have been proposed. Candidates of therapeutic agents based on novel concepts have also been suggested. FD is a symptom complex and currently diagnosed by symptom-based Rome criteria. In the Rome criteria, symptom-based subtypes of FD including postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome are recommended to be used, based on the assumption that each subtype is more homogenous in terms of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms than FD as a whole. In this review, the usefulness of symptombased subtypes of FD for predicting underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and choosing appropriate therapeutic agents was evaluated. Although several classic pathophysiologic mechanisms are suggested to be associated with individual dyspeptic symptoms, symptom-based subtypes of FD are not specific for a certain pathogenetic factor or pathophysiologic mechanism, and may be frequently associated with multiple pathophysiologic abnormalities. Novel concepts on the pathophysiology of FD show complex interactions between pathophysiologic mechanisms and pathogenetic factors, and prediction of underlying mechanisms of individual patients simply by the symptom pattern or symptom-based subtypes may not be accurate in a considerable proportion of cases. Therefore, subtyping by the Rome criteria appears to have limited value to guide therapeutic strategy, suggesting that the addition of objective parameters or subclassification reflecting physiologic or pathologic tests may be necessary for the targeted therapeutic approaches, particularly when therapeutic agents targeting novel mechanisms are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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17
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Carco C, Young W, Gearry RB, Talley NJ, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 33014892 PMCID: PMC7509092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbial cells inhabiting the body, collectively known as the microbiota. These microbes have several implications for the maintenance of structural integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, metabolism of nutrients, and protection against pathogens. Dysfunctions in these mechanisms are linked to a range of conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, including functional gastrointestinal disorders, ranging from irritable bowel syndrome, to functional constipation and functional diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by chronic abdominal pain with changes in bowel habit in the absence of morphological changes. Despite the high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the global population, the mechanisms responsible for this condition are poorly understood. Although alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation and immune activation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders, there is inconsistency between studies and a lack of consensus on what the exact role of the microbiota is, and how changes to it relate to these conditions. The complex interplay between host factors, such as microbial dysbiosis, immune activation, impaired epithelial barrier function and motility, and environmental factors, including diet, will be considered in this narrative review of the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Carco
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Gearry
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Li Y, Long S, Liu Q, Ma H, Li J, Xiaoqing W, Yuan J, Li M, Hou B. Gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide-induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4388-4398. [PMID: 32884719 PMCID: PMC7455974 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders accompanied with intestinal dysbiosis. Laxatives for constipation usually have side effects. Bee honey is a natural food with unique composition, antimicrobial properties, and bifidogenic effect. In order to assess whether honey can ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation in BALB/c mice through the alteration of the gut microbiota, the present study was undertaken. Mice were given Jarrah honey (7.5 g/kg body weight) by gavage once per day for 5 days. Fecal water content, intestinal transit rate together with the colon concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) were evaluated. Furthermore, we determined the effect of honey treatment on gut microbiota in mice using stool genomic 16S rRNA sequencing. As a result, honey showed an obvious improvement in fecal water content and alleviated constipation by modulating the microbial composition of the microbiota, and this was highly associated with a proportional decrease in gut Desulfovibrio. In addition, we found that the colon level of neurotransmitters SP and VIP was significantly related to microbial variations. Our results indicate that gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide-induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice, and it could be considered as an evaluating parameter in constipation therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shangqin Long
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiaochu Liu
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wei Xiaoqing
- The Core Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Liaoning ProvinceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of MicroecologyCollege of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Binbin Hou
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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19
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Knauf C, Abot A, Wemelle E, Cani PD. Targeting the Enteric Nervous System to Treat Metabolic Disorders? "Enterosynes" as Therapeutic Gut Factors. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:139-146. [PMID: 31280267 DOI: 10.1159/000500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is of crucial importance for controlling glucose homeostasis. Alteration of this axis promotes the type 2 diabetes (T2D) phenotype (hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance). Recently, a new concept has emerged to demonstrate the crucial role of the enteric nervous system in the control of glycaemia via the hypothalamus. In diabetic patients and mice, modification of enteric neurons activity in the proximal part of the intestine generates a duodenal hyper-contractility that generates an aberrant message from the gut to the brain. In turn, the hypothalamus sends an aberrant efferent message that provokes a state of insulin resistance, which is characteristic of a T2D state. Targeting the enteric nervous system of the duodenum is now recognized as an innovative strategy for treatment of diabetes. By acting in the intestine, bioactive gut molecules that we called "enterosynes" can modulate the function of a specific type of neurons of the enteric nervous system to decrease the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle cells. Here, we focus on the origins of enterosynes (hormones, neurotransmitters, nutrients, microbiota, and immune factors), which could be considered therapeutic factors, and we describe their modes of action on enteric neurons. This unsuspected action of enterosynes is proposed for the treatment of T2D, but it could be applied for other therapeutic solutions that implicate communication between the gut and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Knauf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), Toulouse, France,
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL) INSERM, Toulouse, France,
| | - Anne Abot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), Toulouse, France
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL) INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Wemelle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), Toulouse, France
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL) INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL) INSERM, Toulouse, France
- UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, WELBIO - Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Simultaneous multi-signal quantification for highly precise serodiagnosis utilizing a rationally constructed platform. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5361. [PMID: 31767865 PMCID: PMC6877524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnosis with a single quantification method suffers from high false positive/negative rates. In this study, a three-channel platform with an accessional instrumented system was constructed for simultaneous electrochemical, luminescent, and photothermal quantification of H2S, a bio-indicator for acute pancreatitis (AP) diagnosis. Utilizing the specific reaction between platform and H2S, the three-channel platform showed high sensitivity and selectivity in the biological H2S concentration range. The three-channel platform was also feasible for identifying the difference in the plasma H2S concentrations of AP and normal mice. More importantly, the precision of AP serodiagnosis was significantly improved (>99.0%) using the three-signal method based on the three-channel platform and an optimized threshold, which was clearly higher than that of the single- or two-signal methods (79.5%–94.1%). Our study highlights the importance of constructing a multichannel platform for the simultaneous multi-signal quantification of bio-indicators, and provides rigorous ways to improve the precision of medical serodiagnosis. Single channel detection methods often suffer from false positives when analysing biological samples. Here, the authors report on the development of a three-channel detection device for measuring hydrogen sulphide in serum and demonstrate application in an in vivo model.
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21
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Rastelli M, Cani PD, Knauf C. The Gut Microbiome Influences Host Endocrine Functions. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1271-1284. [PMID: 31081896 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is considered an organ contributing to the regulation of host metabolism. Since the relationship between the gut microbiome and specific diseases was elucidated, numerous studies have deciphered molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria interact with host cells and eventually shape metabolism. Both metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have contributed to the discovery of bacterial-derived metabolites acting on host cells. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites act as paracrine or endocrine factors, thereby regulating host metabolism. We highlight the impact of specific short-chain fatty acids on the secretion of gut peptides (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY) and other metabolites produced from different amino acids and regulating inflammation, glucose metabolism, or energy homeostasis. We also discuss the role of gut microbes on the regulation of bioactive lipids that belong to the endocannabinoid system and specific neurotransmitters (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, nitric oxide). Finally, we review the role of specific bacterial components (i.e., ClpB, Amuc_1100) also acting as endocrine factors and eventually controlling host metabolism. In conclusion, this review summarizes the recent state of the art, aiming at providing evidence that the gut microbiome influences host endocrine functions via several bacteria-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Rastelli
- Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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22
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Grasa L, Abecia L, Peña-Cearra A, Robles S, Layunta E, Latorre E, Mesonero JE, Forcén R. TLR2 and TLR4 interact with sulfide system in the modulation of mouse colonic motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13648. [PMID: 31119834 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2 S is a neuromodulator that may inhibit intestinal motility. H2 S production in colon is yielded by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize intestinal microbiota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of TLR2 and TLR4 on the endogenous and SRB-mediated synthesis of H2 S and its consequences on the colonic motility of mouse. METHODS Muscle contractility studies were performed in colon from WT, Tlr2-/- , and Tlr4-/- mice. The mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, CBS, CSE, and SRB were measured by real-time PCR. Free sulfide levels in colon and feces were determined by colorimetric assays. RESULTS NaHS and GYY4137, donors of H2 S, reduced the contractility of colon. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), inhibitor of CBS, and D-L propargylglycine (PAG), inhibitor of CSE, increased the contractility of colon. In vivo treatment with NaHS or GYY4137 inhibited the spontaneous contractions and upregulated TLR2 expression. The in vivo activation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide increased the contractile response to PAG, mRNA levels of CSE, and the free sulfide levels of H2 S in colon. In Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice, the contractions induced by AOAA and PAG and mRNA levels of CBS and CSE were lower with respect to WT mice. Deficiency of TLR2 or TLR4 provokes alterations in free sulfide levels and SRB of colon. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our study demonstrates interaction between TLR2 and TLR4 and the sulfide system in the regulation of colonic motility and contributes to the pathophysiology knowledge of intestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ainize Peña-Cearra
- CIC bioGUNE, Spain.,University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sofia Robles
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Layunta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Univesity of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Latorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Emilio Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Forcén
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Xu JW, Gao DD, Peng L, Qiu ZE, Ke LJ, Zhu YX, Zhang YL, Zhou WL. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide inhibits transepithelial anion secretion of pregnant mouse endometrial epithelium. Nitric Oxide 2019; 90:37-46. [PMID: 31175932 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium exhibits a robust ion transport activity required for dynamical regulation of uterine fluid environment and thus embryo implantation. However, there still lacks a thorough understanding of the ion transport processes and regulatory mechanism in peri-implantation endometrial epithelium. As a gaseous signaling molecule or gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulates a myriad of cellular and physiological processes in various tissues, including the modulation of ion transport proteins in epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2S on ion transport across mouse endometrial epithelium and its possible role in embryo implantation. The existence of endogenous H2S in pregnant mouse uterus was tested by the detection of two key H2S-generating enzymes and measurement of H2S production rate in tissue homogenates. Transepithelial ion transport processes were electrophysiologically assessed in Ussing chambers on early pregnant mouse endometrial epithelial layers, demonstrating that H2S suppressed the anion secretion by blocking cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). H2S increased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) in mouse endometrial epithelial cells, which was abolished by pretreatment with the CFTR selective inhibitor CFTRinh-172. The cAMP level in mouse endometrial epithelial cells was not affected by H2S, indicating that H2S blocked CFTR in a cAMP-independent way. In vivo study showed that interference with H2S synthesis impaired embryo implantation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that H2S inhibits the transepithelial anion secretion of early pregnant mouse endometrial epithelium via blockade of CFTR, contributing to the preparation for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jiao Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Kastl AJ, Terry NA, Wu GD, Albenberg LG. The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:33-45. [PMID: 31344510 PMCID: PMC6881639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing literature characterizing the fecal microbiome and its association with health and disease, few studies have analyzed the microbiome of the small intestine. Here, we examine what is known about the human small intestinal microbiota in terms of community structure and functional properties. We examine temporal dynamics of select bacterial populations in the small intestine, and the effects of dietary carbohydrates and fats on shaping these populations. We then evaluate dysbiosis in the small intestine in several human disease models, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, short-bowel syndrome, pouchitis, environmental enteric dysfunction, and irritable bowel syndrome. What is clear is that the bacterial biology, and mechanisms of bacteria-induced pathophysiology, are enormously broad and elegant in the small intestine. Studying the small intestinal microbiota is challenged by rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions in these intestinal segments, as well as the complexity of sample collection and bioinformatic analysis. Because the functionality of the digestive tract is determined primarily by the small intestine, efforts must be made to better characterize this unique and important microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Kastl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Arthur J. Kastl Jr, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, 7NW, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 590-3606.
| | - Natalie A. Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsey G. Albenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Ruszkowski J, Witkowski JM. Lactulose: Patient- and dose-dependent prebiotic properties in humans. Anaerobe 2019; 59:100-106. [PMID: 31176002 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose is a disaccharide used in clinical practice since 1957 and has since been tested in the treatment of many human disorders, including chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Its mode of action is based on the lactulose fermentation by intestinal microbiota. Based on in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies we comprehensively review here the impact of lactulose on human gut/fecal and vaginal microbiota composition and both fecal and blood metabolomes. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies summarized in this review have revealed that the effects of lactulose on human microbiota composition are both patient- and dose-dependent. This highlights the need of heterogeneity indication in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ruszkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Jalanka J, Major G, Murray K, Singh G, Nowak A, Kurtz C, Silos-Santiago I, Johnston JM, de Vos WM, Spiller R. The Effect of Psyllium Husk on Intestinal Microbiota in Constipated Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020433. [PMID: 30669509 PMCID: PMC6358997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psyllium is a widely used treatment for constipation. It traps water in the intestine increasing stool water, easing defaecation and altering the colonic environment. We aimed to assess the impact of psyllium on faecal microbiota, whose key role in gut physiology is being increasingly recognised. We performed two randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trials comparing 7 days of psyllium with a placebo (maltodextrin) in 8 healthy volunteers and 16 constipated patients respectively. We measured the patients’ gastrointestnal (GI) transit, faecal water content, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and the stool microbiota composition. While psyllium supplement had a small but significant effect on the microbial composition of healthy adults (increasing Veillonella and decreasing Subdoligranulum), in constipated subjects there were greater effects on the microbial composition (increased Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Veillonella and Sutterella and decreased uncultured Coriobacteria and Christensenella) and alterations in the levels of acetate and propionate. We found several taxa to be associated with altered GI transit, SCFAs and faecal water content in these patients. Significant increases in three genera known to produce butyrate, Lachnospira, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium, correlated with increased faecal water. In summary, psyllium supplementation increased stool water and this was associated with significant changes in microbiota, most marked in constipated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Jalanka
- Immunobiology Research Program and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Giles Major
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Kathryn Murray
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Gulzar Singh
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Adam Nowak
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG5 1PB, UK.
| | | | | | - Jeffrey M Johnston
- Neurogastrx, Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA, formerly at Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, the University of Nottingham, Notts NG7 2UH, UK.
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27
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Shin A, Preidis GA, Shulman R, Kashyap PC. The Gut Microbiome in Adult and Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:256-274. [PMID: 30153517 PMCID: PMC6314902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology was well described, but our ability to study gut microbial ecosystems in their entirety was limited by culture-based methods prior to the sequencing revolution. The advent of high-throughput sequencing opened new avenues, allowing us to study gut microbial communities as an aggregate, independent of our ability to culture individual microbes. Early studies focused on association of changes in gut microbiota with different disease states, which was necessary to identify a potential role for microbes and generate novel hypotheses. Over the past few years the field has moved beyond associations to better understand the mechanistic implications of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of complex diseases. This movement also has resulted in a shift in our focus toward therapeutic strategies, which rely on better understanding the mediators of gut microbiota-host cross-talk. It is not surprising the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders given its role in modulating physiological processes such as immune development, GI motility and secretion, epithelial barrier integrity, and brain-gut communication. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge and future directions in microbiome research as it pertains to functional gastrointestinal disorders. We summarize the factors that help shape the gut microbiome in human beings. We discuss data from animal models and human studies to highlight existing paradigms regarding the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated alterations in physiological processes and their relevance in human interventions. While translation of microbiome science is still in its infancy, the outlook is optimistic and we are advancing in the right direction toward precise mechanism-based microbiota therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Geoffrey A Preidis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Shulman
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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28
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Jimenez M, Gil V, Martinez‐Cutillas M, Mañé N, Gallego D. Hydrogen sulphide as a signalling molecule regulating physiopathological processes in gastrointestinal motility. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174. [PMID: 28631296 PMCID: PMC5554320 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of H2 S is a still developing area of research and several biological functions have been recently attributed to this gaseous molecule in many physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, digestive and central nervous system (CNS). H2 S exerts anti-inflammatory effects and can be considered an endogenous mediator with potential effects on gastrointestinal motility. During the last few years, we have investigated the role of H2 S as a regulator of gastrointestinal motility using both animal and human tissues. The aim of the present work is to review published data regarding the potential role of H2 S as a signalling molecule regulating physiopathological processes in gastrointestinal motor function. H2 S is endogenously produced by defined enzymic pathways in different cell types of the intestinal wall including neurons and smooth muscle. Inhibition of H2 S biosynthesis increases motility and H2 S donors cause smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of propulsive motor patterns. Impaired H2 S production has been described in animal models with gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The mechanism(s) of action underlying these effects may include several ion channels, although no specific receptor has been identified. At this time, even though there is much experimental evidence for H2 S as a modulator of gastrointestinal motility, we still do not have conclusive experimental evidence to definitively propose H2 S as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract, causing nerve-mediated relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - V Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - M Martinez‐Cutillas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - N Mañé
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - D Gallego
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
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