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Butler-Dawson J, Johnson RJ, Krisher L, Jaramillo D, Cruz A, Pilloni D, Brindley S, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Dally M, Newman LS. A longitudinal assessment of heat exposure and biomarkers of kidney function on heat shock protein 70 and antibodies among agricultural workers. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:277. [PMID: 39198762 PMCID: PMC11351828 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to extreme heat impacts millions of people worldwide and outdoor workers are among the populations most affected by hot temperatures. Heat stress induces several biological responses in humans, including the production of heat shock proteins (HSP) and antibodies against HSP (anti-HSP) which may play a central role in the body's cellular response to a hot environment. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study investigated the impact of elevated temperatures and humidity on the presence of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 and examined relationships with markers of kidney function in an at-risk workforce under conditions of extreme heat and exertion in Guatemala. METHODS We collected ambient temperature and relative humidity data as well as biomarkers and clinical data from 40 sugarcane workers at the start and the end of a 6-month harvest. We used generalized mixed-effects models to estimate temperature effects on HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels. In addition, we examined trends between HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels and markers of kidney function across the harvest. RESULTS At the end of the harvest, temperatures were higher, and workers had, on average, higher levels of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 compared to the beginning of the season. We observed significant increasing trends with temperature indices, heat index, and HSP70 levels. Maximum temperature was associated with HSP70 increments after controlling for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β: 0.21, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.09, 0.33). Kidney function decline across the harvest was associated with both higher levels of anti-HSP70 levels at the end of the harvest as well as greater increases in anti-HSP70 levels across the harvest. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that workplace heat exposure may increase the production of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels and that there may be a relationship between increasing anti-HSP70 antibodies and the development of renal injury. HSP70 holds promise as a biomarker of heat stress in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lyndsay Krisher
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Diana Jaramillo
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex Cruz
- Grupo Pantaleón, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | | | - Stephen Brindley
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México City, 14080, México
| | - Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Pl B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Shokoples BG, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Immunological insights into hypertension: unraveling triggers and potential therapeutic avenues. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:2115-2125. [PMID: 38778172 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the development of novel antihypertensive therapies has only recently accelerated, with novel agents not yet commercialized, leaving a substantial proportion of individuals resistant to existing treatments. The intricate pathophysiology of hypertension is now understood to involve chronic low-grade inflammation, which places the immune system in the spotlight as a potential target for new therapeutics. This review explores the factors that initiate and sustain an immune response in hypertension, offering insights into potential targets for new treatments. Several factors contribute to immune activation in hypertension, including diet and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) generation. Diets rich in fat or sodium can promote inflammation by inducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and triggering salt-sensitive receptors in T cells and dendritic cells. DAMPs, such as extracellular adenosine triphosphate and heat-shock protein 70, are released during episodes of increased blood pressure, contributing to immune cell activation and inflammation. Unconventional innate-like γδ T cells contribute to initiating and maintaining an immune response through their potential involvement in antigen presentation and regulating cytokine-mediated responses. Immunologic memory, sustained through the formation of effector memory T cells after exposure to hypertensive insults, likely contributes to maintaining an immune response in hypertension. When exposed to hypertensive insults, these memory cells are rapidly activated and contribute to elevated blood pressure and end-organ damage. Evidence from human hypertension, although limited, supports the relevance of distinct immune pathways in hypertension, and highlights the potential of targeted immune interventions in human hypertension. Diet and acute bouts of high blood pressure result in the release of dietary triggers, neoantigens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote immune system activation. Elements such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), sodium, heat-shock protein (HSP)70, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP), and growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) promote activation of innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes (Mo) through their respective receptors (toll-like receptor [TLR]4, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel [ENaC], TLR2/4, P2X7 receptor [P2RX7], and Axl) leading to costimulatory molecule expression and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-23 production. The neoantigens HSP70 and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are presented to T cells by DCs and possibly γδ T cells, triggering T cell activation, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ production, and the formation of T effector memory (TEM) cells in the kidney, perivascular adipose tissue, bone marrow, and spleen. Exposure of TEM cells to their cognate antigen or previous activating stimuli causes these cells rapid expansion and activation. Cumulatively, this inflammatory state contributes to hypertension and end-organ damage. The figure was created using images from smart.servier.com and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Shokoples
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Geng Y, Gai Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Jiang A, Li X, Deng K, Zhang F, Tan L, Song L. Genome-Wide Identification and Interaction Analysis of Turbot Heat Shock Protein 40 and 70 Families Suggest the Mechanism of Chaperone Proteins Involved in Immune Response after Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7963. [PMID: 39063205 PMCID: PMC11277129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hsp40-Hsp70 typically function in concert as molecular chaperones, and their roles in post-infection immune responses are increasingly recognized. However, in the economically important fish species Scophthalmus maximus (turbot), there is still a lack in the systematic identification, interaction models, and binding site analysis of these proteins. Herein, 62 Hsp40 genes and 16 Hsp70 genes were identified in the turbot at a genome-wide level and were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes through chromosomal distribution analysis. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis provided strong evidence in supporting the orthologies and paralogies of these HSPs. Protein-protein interaction and expression analysis was conducted to predict the expression profile after challenging with Aeromonas salmonicida. dnajb1b and hspa1a were found to have a co-expression trend under infection stresses. Molecular docking was performed using Auto-Dock Tool and PyMOL for this pair of chaperone proteins. It was discovered that in addition to the interaction sites in the J domain, the carboxyl-terminal domain of Hsp40 also plays a crucial role in its interaction with Hsp70. This is important for the mechanistic understanding of the Hsp40-Hsp70 chaperone system, providing a theoretical basis for turbot disease resistance breeding, and effective value for the prevention of certain diseases in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Geng
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuxuan Gai
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- College of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shengwei Zhao
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Anlan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xueqing Li
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kaiqing Deng
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Fuxuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Lingling Tan
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Lin Song
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.G.); (Y.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Demirel O, Paar V, Tolnai P, Topf A, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Mirna M. Heat Shock Protein 70 Constitutes a Promising Novel Biomarker in Differential Diagnosis between Takotsubo Syndrome and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4152. [PMID: 39064192 PMCID: PMC11277720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to similar clinical presentation and a lack of specific biomarkers, initial differentiation between Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains challenging in daily practice. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) is a novel biomarker that is recognized for its potential in the diagnosis and differentiation of cardiovascular conditions. (2) Methods: Data from a total of 156 patients were analyzed (32.1% NSTEMI, 32.7% TTS, and 35.3% controls). Serum concentrations of HSP70 were determined using ELISA and compared between patients and controls. ROC curve analysis, logistic regression analysis and propensity-score-weighted logistic regression were conducted. (3) Results: Concentrations of HSP70 were highest in patients with TTS (median 1727 pg/mL vs. ACS: median 1545 pg/mL vs. controls: median 583 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). HSP70 was predictive for TTS in binary logistic regression analysis (B(SE) = 0.634(0.22), p = 0.004), which even remained significant after correction for possible confounders in propensity-score-weighted analysis. ROC curve analysis also revealed a significant association of HSP70 with TTS (AUC: 0.633, p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: Based on our findings, HSP70 constitutes a promising biomarker for discrimination between TTS and NSTEMI, especially in combination with established cardiovascular biomarkers like pBNP or high-sensitivity cardiac troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Demirel
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Philipp Tolnai
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Albert Topf
- Hospital Villach, Department of Internal Medicine, 9500 Villach, Austria
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (V.P.)
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Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Environmental stress and hypertension: the disregarded role of HSP70. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:538-541. [PMID: 38773240 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Buneeva OA, Fedchenko VI, Kaloshina SA, Zavyalova MG, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. Comparative proteomic analysis of renal tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:89-98. [PMID: 38711408 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Comparative proteomic analysis of kidney tissue from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats revealed quantitative and qualitative changes in renal proteins. The number of renal proteins specific for WKY rats (blood pressure 110-120 mm Hg) was 13-16. There were 20-24 renal proteins specific for SHR (blood pressure 180 mm Hg and more). The total number of identified renal proteins common for both rat strains included 972-975 proteins. A pairwise comparison of all possible (SHR-WKY) variants identified 8 proteins specific only for normotensive (WKY) animals, and 7 proteins specific only for hypertensive ones (SHR). Taking into consideration their biological roles, the lack of some enzyme proteins in hypertensive rats (for example, biliverdin reductase A) reduces the production of molecules exhibiting antihypertensive properties, while the appearance of others (e.g. betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2, septin 2, etc.) can be interpreted as a compensatory reaction. Renal proteins with altered relative content (with more than 2.5-fold change) accounted for no more than 5% of all identified proteins. Among the proteins with an increased relative content in hypertensive animals, the largest group consisted of proteins involved in the processes of energy generation and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as antioxidant and protective proteins. In the context of the development of hypertension, the identified relative changes can apparently be considered compensatory. Among the proteins with the most pronounced decrease in the relative content in hypertensive rats, the dramatic reduction in acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase-3 (ACSM3) appears to make an important contribution to the development of renal pathology in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Butler-Dawson J, Johnson RJ, Krisher L, Jaramillo D, Cruz A, Pilloni D, Brindley S, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Dally M, Newman LS. A longitudinal assessment of heat exposure and biomarkers of kidney function on heat shock protein 70 and antibodies among agricultural workers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3887323. [PMID: 38343868 PMCID: PMC10854298 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887323/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Exposure to extreme heat impacts millions of people worldwide and outdoor workers are among the populations most affected by high temperatures. Heat stress induces several biological responses in humans, including the production of heat shock proteins (HSP) and antibodies against HSP (anti-HSP) which may play a central role in the body's cellular response to a hot environment. Objective This longitudinal study investigated the impact of high temperatures and humidity on the presence of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 and examined relationships with markers of kidney function in an at-risk workforce under conditions of extreme heat and exertion in Guatemala. Methods We collected ambient temperature and relative humidity data as well as biomarkers and clinical data from 40 sugarcane workers at the start and the end of a 6-month harvest. We used generalized mixed-effects models to estimate temperature effects on HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels. In addition, we examined trends between HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels and markers of kidney function across the harvest. Results At the end of the harvest, temperatures were higher, and workers had, on average, higher levels of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 compared to the beginning of the season. We observed significant increasing trends with temperature indices and HSP70 levels. Maximum temperature was associated with HSP70 increments after controlling for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β: 0.21, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.09, 0.33). Kidney function decline across the harvest was associated with both higher levels of anti-HSP70 levels at the end of the harvest as well as greater increases in anti-HSP70 levels across the harvest. Conclusions These results suggest that workplace heat exposure may increase the production of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 levels and that there may be a relationship between increasing anti-HSP70 antibodies and the development of renal injury. HSP70 holds promise as a biomarker of heat stress in exposed populations.
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Poznyak AV, Orekhova VA, Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Popov MA, Orekhov AN. Atheroprotective Aspects of Heat Shock Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11750. [PMID: 37511509 PMCID: PMC10380699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major global health problem. Being a harbinger of a large number of cardiovascular diseases, it ultimately leads to morbidity and mortality. At the same time, effective measures for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis have not been developed, to date. All available therapeutic options have a number of limitations. To understand the mechanisms behind the triggering and development of atherosclerosis, a deeper understanding of molecular interactions is needed. Heat shock proteins are important for the normal functioning of cells, actively helping cells adapt to gradual changes in the environment and survive in deadly conditions. Moreover, multiple HSP families play various roles in the progression of cardiovascular disorders. Some heat shock proteins have been shown to have antiatherosclerotic effects, while the role of others remains unclear. In this review, we considered certain aspects of the antiatherosclerotic activity of a number of heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara A Orekhova
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 61/2, Shchepkin St., 129110 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
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Nunes KP, de Oliveira AA. HSP70: From Signaling Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1141. [PMID: 37509178 PMCID: PMC10377571 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are primary stress responders that are vital to maintaining homeostasis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Patnaik S, Nathan S, Kar B, Gregoric ID, Li YP. The Role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1557. [PMID: 37371652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1960s, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were first identified as vital intracellular proteinaceous components that help in stress physiology and reprogram the cellular responses to enable the organism's survival. By the early 1990s, HSPs were detected in extracellular spaces and found to activate gamma-delta T-lymphocytes. Subsequent investigations identified their association with varied disease conditions, including autoimmune disorders, diabetes, cancer, hepatic, pancreatic, and renal disorders, and cachexia. In cardiology, extracellular HSPs play a definite, but still unclear, role in atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure. The possibility of HSP-targeted novel molecular therapeutics has generated much interest and hope in recent years. In this review, we discuss the role of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins (Ec-HSPs) in various disease states, with a particular focus on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Patnaik
- Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sriram Nathan
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Biswajit Kar
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor D Gregoric
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ikeno R, Ohhara Y, Goda T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. Combined effect of genetic variations in the genes for HSP90/HSP70 families and lifestyle factors for determining metabolic parameters: A population based study. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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12
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Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Johnson RJ, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Pons H. HSP70 and Primary Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2023; 13:272. [PMID: 36830641 PMCID: PMC9953434 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) production is a stress-generated cellular response with high interspecies homology. HSP70 has both chaperone and cytokine functions and may induce, depending on the context, tolerogenic anti-inflammatory reactivity or immunogenic and autoimmune reactivity. Intracellular (chaperoning transit of antigens to MHC in antigen-presenting cells) and extracellular HSP70-related effects are associated with hypertension, which is an inflammatory condition recognized as the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality. Here, we review (a) the relationship between HSP70, inflammation and immune reactivity, (b) clinical evidence relating to stress, HSP70 and anti-HSP70 reactivity with primary hypertension and (c) experimental data showing that salt-sensitive hypertension is associated with delayed hypersensitivity to HSP70. This is a consequence of anti-HSP70 reactivity in the kidneys and may be prevented and corrected by the T-cell-driven inhibition of kidney inflammation triggered by specific epitopes of HSP70. Finally, we discuss our postulate that lifelong stress signals and danger-associated molecular patterns stimulate HSP-70 and individual genetic and epigenetic characteristics determine whether the HSP70 response would drive inflammatory immune reactivity causing hypertension or, alternatively, would drive immunomodulatory responses that protect against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Hector Pons
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela
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Benson LN, Liu Y, Deck K, Mora C, Mu S. IFN- γ Contributes to the Immune Mechanisms of Hypertension. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:2164-2173. [PMID: 36591357 PMCID: PMC9802558 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and the primary risk factor for mortality worldwide. For more than half a century, researchers have demonstrated that immunity plays an important role in the development of hypertension; however, the precise mechanisms are still under investigation. The current body of knowledge indicates that proinflammatory cytokines may play an important role in contributing to immune-related pathogenesis of hypertension. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), in particular, as an important cytokine that modulates immune responses, has been recently identified as a critical regulator of blood pressure by several groups, including us. In this review, we focus on exploring the role of IFN-γ in contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension, outlining the various immune producers of this cytokine and described signaling mechanisms involved. We demonstrate a key role for IFN-γ in hypertension through global knockout studies and related downstream signaling pathways that IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cell (CD8T) in the kidney promoting CD8T-stimulated salt retention via renal tubule cells, thereby exacerbating hypertension. We discuss potential activators of these T cells described by the current literature and relay a novel hypothesis for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance N. Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Katherine Deck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christoph Mora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Churnosov M, Abramova M, Reshetnikov E, Lyashenko IV, Efremova O, Churnosova M, Ponomarenko I. Polymorphisms of hypertension susceptibility genes as a risk factors of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population of central Russia. Placenta 2022; 129:51-61. [PMID: 36219912 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study was designed to assess the effects of hypertension (HT) susceptibility genes polymorphisms in the development of preeclampsia (PE) in Caucasians from Central Russia. METHODS PE patients (n = 452) and women control group (n = 498) were genotyped for 10 polymorphisms of HT/blood pressure (BP) susceptibility genes (according to the previously published GWAS in Caucasian populations) including AC026703.1 (rs1173771), HFE (rs1799945), BAG6 (rs805303), PLCE1 (rs932764), OBFC1 (rs4387287), ARHGAP42 (rs633185), CERS5 (rs7302981), ATP2B1 (rs2681472), TBX2 (rs8068318) and RGL3 (rs167479). A logistic regression method was applied to search for associations between SNPs and PE. The relationship between SNP-SNP interactions and PE risk was analyzed by performing MB-MDR. RESULTS The rs1799945 gene in HFE significantly independently increased the risk of developing PE (OR = 2.24) and rs805303 in BAG6 was associated with a reduced risk in the occurrence of PE (OR = 0.55-0.78). Among the 10 SNPs examined, nine SNPs were associated with PEs within the 10 most significant SNP-SNP interaction models. Loci rs7302981 CERS5, rs805303 BAG6 and rs932764 PLCE1 contributed to the largest number of epistatic models (50% or more). DISCUSSION The present study is the first to report an association between polymorphisms of HT/BP susceptibility genes important for GWAS and the risk of PE in Caucasians from Central Russia. Our pathway-based functional annotation of the PE risk variants highlights the potential regulatory function (epigenetic/eQTL/sQTL/non-synonymous) that nine genetic risk markers and their 115 highly correlated variants exert on 155 genes. The study shows that these genes may function cooperatively in key signaling pathways in PE biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Churnosov
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria Abramova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Igor V Lyashenko
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of English Philology and Cross-cultural Communication, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Olesya Efremova
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Kharkov, Ukraine; Grishchenko Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
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15
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Hu C, Yang J, Qi Z, Wu H, Wang B, Zou F, Mei H, Liu J, Wang W, Liu Q. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e161. [PMID: 35928554 PMCID: PMC9345296 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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16
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Caillet C, Stofberg ML, Muleya V, Shonhai A, Zininga T. Host cell stress response as a predictor of COVID-19 infectivity and disease progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:938099. [PMID: 36032680 PMCID: PMC9411049 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.938099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus identified in December 2019 has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has led to more than 6.3 million deaths. The pandemic has disrupted world travel, economies, and lifestyles worldwide. Although vaccination has been an effective tool to reduce the severity and spread of the disease there is a need for more concerted approaches to fighting the disease. COVID-19 is characterised as a severe acute respiratory syndrome . The severity of the disease is associated with a battery of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic lung disease, and renal disease. These underlying diseases are associated with general cellular stress. Thus, COVID-19 exacerbates outcomes of the underlying conditions. Consequently, coronavirus infection and the various underlying conditions converge to present a combined strain on the cellular response. While the host response to the stress is primarily intended to be of benefit, the outcomes are occasionally unpredictable because the cellular stress response is a function of complex factors. This review discusses the role of the host stress response as a convergent point for COVID-19 and several non-communicable diseases. We further discuss the merits of targeting the host stress response to manage the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Caillet
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Victor Muleya
- Department of Biochemistry, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Negahdary M, Angnes L. An aptasensing platform for detection of heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) using a modified gold electrode with lady fern-like gold (LFG) nanostructure. Talanta 2022; 246:123511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Natur S, Damri O, Agam G. The Effect of Global Warming on Complex Disorders (Mental Disorders, Primary Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159398. [PMID: 35954764 PMCID: PMC9368177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies imply a strong relationship between global warming (GW) and complex disorders. This review summarizes such reports concentrating on three disorders-mental disorders (MD), primary hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also attempt to point at potential mechanisms mediating the effect of GW on these disorders. Concerning mental disorders, immediate candidates are brain levels of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, given that heat stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which may lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and, hence, enhanced protein extravasation in the brain, this might finally cause, or exacerbate mental health. As for hypertension, since its causes are incompletely understood, the mechanism(s) by which heat exposure affects blood pressure (BP) is an open question. Since the kidneys participate in regulating blood volume and BP they are considered as a site of heat-associated disease, hence, we discuss hyperosmolarity as a potential mediator. In addition, we relate to autoimmunity, inflammation, sodium excretion, and HSP70 as risk factors that might play a role in the effect of heat on hypertension. In the case of T2D, we raise two potential mediators of the effect of exposure to ambient hot environment on the disease's incidence-brown adipose tissue metabolism and HSPs.
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19
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Fu X, Liu H, Liu J, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 Subfamily in the Hyperplastic Prostate: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132052. [PMID: 35805135 PMCID: PMC9266107 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, which is characterized by a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate. BPH troubles the vast majority of aging men worldwide; however, the pathogenetic factors of BPH have not been completely identified. The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) subfamily, which mainly includes HSP70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and GRP75, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. HSP70s are overexpressed in the course of BPH and involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell survival and proliferation, cell apoptosis, epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis, contributing to the development and progress of prostate diseases. These chaperone proteins also participate in oxidative stress, a cellular stress response that takes place under stress conditions. In addition, HSP70s can bind to the androgen receptor (AR) and act as a regulator of AR activity. This interaction of HSP70s with AR provides insight into the importance of the HSP70 chaperone family in BPH pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the function of the HSP70 family in prostate glands and the role of HSP70s in the course of BPH. We also review the potential applications of HSP70s as biomarkers of prostate diseases for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08028, USA;
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Genetic Deletion of HLJ1 Does Not Affect Blood Coagulation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042064. [PMID: 35216179 PMCID: PMC8880458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HLJ1 (also called DNAJB4) is a member of the DNAJ/Hsp40 family and plays an important role in regulating protein folding and activity. However, there is little information about the role of HLJ1 in the regulation of physiological function. In this study, we investigated the role of HLJ1 in blood coagulation using wild-type C57BL/6 mice and HLJ1-null (HLJ1-/-) mice. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression and distribution of HLJ1 protein, respectively. The tail bleeding assay was applied to assess the bleeding time and blood loss. A coagulation test was used for measuring the activity of extrinsic, intrinsic and common coagulation pathways. Thromboelastography was used to measure the coagulation parameters in the progression of blood clot formation. The results showed that HLJ1 was detectable in plasma and bone marrow. The distribution of HLJ1 was co-localized with CD41, the marker of platelets and megakaryocytes. However, genetic deletion of HLJ1 did not alter blood loss and the activity of extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, as well as blood clot formation, compared to wild-type mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that, although HLJ1 appears in megakaryocytes and platelets, it may not play a role in the function of blood coagulation under normal physiological conditions.
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21
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Yang Y, Xia J, Yang Z, Wu G, Yang J. The abnormal level of HSP70 is related to Treg/Th17 imbalance in PCOS patients. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:155. [PMID: 34781996 PMCID: PMC8591891 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio and to provide evidence for the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.01), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. The protein levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in the PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10, and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, insulin, and glucose levels. CONCLUSION The abnormal level of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengxiang Wu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Murray EC, Nosalski R, MacRitchie N, Tomaszewski M, Maffia P, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Therapeutic targeting of inflammation in hypertension: from novel mechanisms to translational perspective. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2589-2609. [PMID: 34698811 PMCID: PMC9825256 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both animal models and human observational and genetic studies have shown that immune and inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in hypertension and its complications. We review the effects of immunomodulatory interventions on blood pressure, target organ damage, and cardiovascular risk in humans. In experimental and small clinical studies, both non-specific immunomodulatory approaches, such as mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate, and medications targeting T and B lymphocytes, such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, everolimus, and rituximab, lower blood pressure and reduce organ damage. Mechanistically targeted immune interventions include isolevuglandin scavengers to prevent neo-antigen formation, co-stimulation blockade (abatacept, belatacept), and anti-cytokine therapies (e.g. secukinumab, tocilizumab, canakinumab, TNF-α inhibitors). In many studies, trial designs have been complicated by a lack of blood pressure-related endpoints, inclusion of largely normotensive study populations, polypharmacy, and established comorbidities. Among a wide range of interventions reviewed, TNF-α inhibitors have provided the most robust evidence of blood pressure lowering. Treatment of periodontitis also appears to deliver non-pharmacological anti-hypertensive effects. Evidence of immunomodulatory drugs influencing hypertension-mediated organ damage are also discussed. The reviewed animal models, observational studies, and trial data in humans, support the therapeutic potential of immune-targeted therapies in blood pressure lowering and in hypertension-mediated organ damage. Targeted studies are now needed to address their effects on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Murray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Department of Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK,Manchester Heart Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbildt University Medical Centre, Nashville, 37232 TN, USA
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 141 3307590; fax: +44 141 3307590, E-mail:
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Small-molecule inhibitor targeting the Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction in CML cells overcomes BCR-ABL-independent TKI resistance. Leukemia 2021; 35:2862-2874. [PMID: 34007045 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we screened a novel inhibitor of the Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction (PPI), S1g-2, from a Bcl-2 inhibitor library; this compound specifically disrupted the Hsp70-Bim PPI by direct binding to an unknown site adjacent to that of an allosteric Hsp70 inhibitor MKT-077, showing binding affinity in sub-μM concentration range. S1g-2 exhibited overall 5-10-fold higher apoptosis-inducing activity in CML cells, primary CML blasts, and BCR-ABL-transformed BaF3 cells than other cancer cells, normal lymphocytes, and BaF3 cells, illustrating Hsp70-Bim PPI driven by BCR-ABL protects CML through oncoclient proteins that enriched in three pathways: eIF2 signaling, the regulation of eIF4E and p70S6K signaling, and the mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, S1g-2 progressively enhanced lethality along with the increase in BCR-ABL-independent TKI resistance in the K562 cell lines and is more effective in primary samples from BCR-ABL-independent TKI-resistant patients than those from TKI-sensitive patients. By comparing the underlying mechanisms of S1g-2, MKT-077, and an ATP-competitive Hsp70 inhibitor VER-155008, the Hsp70-Bim PPI was identified to be a CML-specific target to protect from TKIs through the above three oncogenic signaling pathways. The in vivo activity against CML and low toxicity endows S1g-2 a first-in-class promising drug candidate for both TKI-sensitive and resistant CML.
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Dhande IS, Doris PA. Genomics and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2433-2454. [PMID: 34570903 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammatory responses within the blood vessels and end organs. The origin of this inflammation has not been certain, and neither is its relationship to disease clear. There is a need to determine whether this association is causal or coincidental to the processes leading to cardiovascular disease. These processes are themselves complex: many cardiovascular diseases arise in conjunction with the presence of sustained elevation of blood pressure. Inflammatory processes have been linked to hypertension, and causality has been suggested. Evidence of causality poses the difficult challenge of linking the integrated and multifaceted biology of blood pressure regulation with vascular function and complex elements of immune system function. These include both, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as interactions between the host immune system and the omnipresent microorganisms that are encountered in the environment and that colonize and exist in commensal relationship with the host. Progress has been made in this task and has drawn on experimental approaches in animals, much of which have focused on hypertension occurring with prolonged infusion of angiotensin II. These laboratory studies are complemented by studies that seek to inform disease mechanism by examining the genomic basis of heritable disease susceptibility in human populations. In this realm too, evidence has emerged that implicates genetic variation affecting immunity in disease pathogenesis. In this article, we survey the genetic and genomic evidence linking high blood pressure and its end-organ injuries to immune system function and examine evidence that genomic factors can influence disease risk. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-22, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Guo Y, Wang Z, Tang Y, Song T, Zhang Z. Bim transfer between Bcl-2-like protein and Hsp70 underlines Bcl-2/Hsp70 crosstalk to regulate apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114660. [PMID: 34153292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is crucial for avoiding protein misfolding under stress, but it is also upregulated in many kinds of cancers, where its ability to buffer cellular stress prevents apoptosis. Previous research has suggested that Bim, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family proteins, also serves as a cochaperone for Hsp70, which modulates the folding and stabilization of many Hsp70 oncogenic substrates in tumor cells. However, a definitive demonstration of crosstalk between Bcl-2 and Hsp70 family proteins and molecular mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we examined the effects of pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor S1, Hsp70 inhibitor S1g-6 on the K562, U937, H23, HL-60 cell lines and these inhibitors synergistically induce mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Moreover, we identified that Bim transfer between Bcl-2-like protein and Hsp70 underlines Bcl-2/Hsp70 crosstalk in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, the synergy of S1 and S1g-6 to induce a panel of cancer cell lines apoptosis by inhibiting free Bim and facilitating oncogenic client AKT folding and activation. Together, our results demonstrated the combination of Bcl-2 inhibitor and Hsp70 inhibitor showed synergistic effect in cancer cells and the potential to decrease tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Wang Z, Song T, Guo Z, Uwituze LB, Guo Y, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang X, Pan H, Ji T, Yin F, Zhou S, Dai J, Zhang Z. A novel Hsp70 inhibitor specifically targeting the cancer-related Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113452. [PMID: 33906046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cancer-related Hsp70-Bim protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offers a new strategy for the design of Hsp70 inhibitors. Herein, we discovered a novel Hsp70 inhibitor, S1g-6, based on the established BH3 mimetics. S1g-6 exhibited sub-μM binding affinity toward Hsp70 and selectively disrupted Hsp70-Bim PPI. The target specificity of S1g-6in situ was validated by affinity-based protein profiling, co-immunoprecipitation, and cell-based shRNA assays. S1g-6 specifically antagonized the ATPase activity of Hsp70 upon recruiting Bim and showed selective apoptosis induction in some cancer cell lines over normal ones through suppression of some oncogenic clients of Hsp70, representing a new class of antitumor candidates. Hsp70-Bim PPI exhibited cancer-dependent role as a potential anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China.
| | - Zongwei Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Laura B Uwituze
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Hang Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Tong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Fangkui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China.
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Cheng J, Gu W, Lan T, Deng J, Ni Z, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Sun X, Yang Y, Xu Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell type- and artery type-specific vascular remodelling in male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1202-1216. [PMID: 32589721 PMCID: PMC7983007 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized yet. We described systematic vascular remodelling, especially the artery type- and cell type-specific changes, in hypertension using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to depict the cell atlas of mesenteric artery (MA) and aortic artery (AA) from SHRs. More than 20 000 cells were included in the analysis. The number of immune cells more than doubled in aortic aorta in SHRs compared to Wistar Kyoto controls, whereas an expansion of MA mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was observed in SHRs. Comparison of corresponding artery types and cell types identified in integrated datasets unravels dysregulated genes specific for artery types and cell types. Intersection of dysregulated genes with curated gene sets including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), receptors, etc. revealed vascular remodelling events involving cell-cell interaction and ECM re-organization. Particularly, AA remodelling encompasses upregulated cytokine genes in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and especially MSCs, whereas in MA, change of genes involving the contractile machinery and downregulation of ECM-related genes were more prominent. Macrophages and T cells within the aorta demonstrated significant dysregulation of cellular interaction with vascular cells. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first cell landscape of resistant and conductive arteries in hypertensive animal models. Moreover, it also offers a systematic characterization of the dysregulated gene profiles with unbiased, artery type-specific and cell type-specific manners during hypertensive vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhichao Ni
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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Le Poole IC. Myron Gordon Award paper: Microbes, T-cell diversity and pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:244-255. [PMID: 33438345 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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de Oliveira AA, Faustino J, de Lima ME, Menezes R, Nunes KP. Unveiling the Interplay between the TLR4/MD2 Complex and HSP70 in the Human Cardiovascular System: A Computational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3121. [PMID: 31247943 PMCID: PMC6651210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While precise mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still not fully understood, previous studies suggest that the innate immune system, through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), plays a crucial part in the pathways leading to these diseases, mainly because of its interplay with endogenous molecules. The Heat-shock protein 70 family (HSP70-70kDa) is of particular interest in cardiovascular tissues as it may have dual effects when interacting with TLR4 pathways. Although the hypothesis of the HSP70 family members acting as TLR4 ligands is becoming widely accepted, to date no co-crystal structure of this complex is available and it is still unknown whether this process requires the co-adaptor MD2. In this study, we aimed at investigating the interplay between the TLR4/MD2 complex and HSP70 family members in the human cardiovascular system through transcriptomic data analysis and at proposing a putative interaction model between these proteins. We report compelling evidence of correlated expression levels between TLR4 and MD2 with HSP70 cognate family members, especially in heart tissue. In our molecular docking simulations, we found that HSP70 in the ATP-bound state presents a better docking score towards the TLR4/MD2 complex compared to the ADP-bound state (-22.60 vs. -10.29 kcal/mol, respectively). Additionally, we show via a proximity ligation assay for HSP70 and TLR4, that cells stimulated with ATP have higher formation of fluorescent spots and that MD2 might be required for the complexation of these proteins. The insights provided by our computational approach are potential scaffolds for future in vivo studies investigating the interplay between the TLR4/MD2 complex and HSP70 family members in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Josemar Faustino
- Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Grupo Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Biomedicina e Medicina, Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG 30150-240, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Menezes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
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Vinh A, Drummond GR, Sobey CG. Immunity and hypertension: New targets to lighten the pressure. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1813-1817. [PMID: 31127619 PMCID: PMC6534776 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
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Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The role of autoimmune reactivity induced by heat shock protein 70 in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1829-1838. [PMID: 29679484 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as having a central role in essential hypertension. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immunodominant molecules with high interspecies homology and autoimmune reactivity directed against HSP70 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Autoimmunity to HSP70 may result from molecular mimicry between human HSP and bacterial HSP or, alternatively, as a response to HSP70-peptide complexes generated during cellular stress and delivered to the major histocompatibility complex by antigen-presenting cells. HSP70 is increased in the circulation and kidney of hypertensive patients, and genetic polymorphisms of HSP70 are associated with essential hypertension. Depending on the route and conditions of administration, HSP70 may induce or suppress immune-related inflammation. Renal inflammation induced by immunity to HSP70 causes hypertension in laboratory animals, and administration of specific peptide sequences of HSP70 results in a protective anti-inflammatory response that prevents and corrects salt-induced hypertension. Potential therapeutic uses of HSP70 in essential hypertension deserve to be investigated. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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