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Contursi A, Tacconelli S, Di Berardino S, De Michele A, Patrignani P. Platelets and extracellular vesicles in disease promotion via cellular cross-talk and eicosanoid biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106848. [PMID: 38723943 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
New insights have been gained on the role of platelets beyond thrombosis. Platelets can accumulate in damaged and inflamed tissues, acting as a sentinel to detect and repair tissue damage. However, by releasing several soluble factors, including thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), platelets can activate vascular cells, stromal, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and cancer cells, leading to atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, tissue fibrosis, and tumor metastasis. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are released when platelets are activated and can transfer their cargo to other cell types, thus contributing to the development of diseases. Inhibitors of the internalization of PEVs can potentially represent novel therapeutic tools. Both platelets and PEVs contain a significant number of different types of molecules, and their omics assessment and integration with clinical data using computational approaches have the potential to detect early disease development and monitor drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Berardino
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Michele
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University Medical School, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Laboratory, at the Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University Medical School, Chieti, Italy.
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Brambillasca S, Cera MR, Andronache A, Dey SK, Fagá G, Fancelli D, Frittoli E, Pasi M, Robusto M, Varasi M, Scita G, Mercurio C. Novel selective inhibitors of macropinocytosis-dependent growth in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116991. [PMID: 38906021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a cellular process that enables cells to engulf extracellular material, such as nutrients, growth factors, and even whole cells. It is involved in several physiological functions as well as pathological conditions. In cancer cells, macropinocytosis plays a crucial role in promoting tumor growth and survival under nutrient-limited conditions. In particular KRAS mutations have been identified as main drivers of macropinocytosis in pancreatic, breast, and non-small cell lung cancers. We performed a high-content screening to identify inhibitors of macropinocytosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-derived cells, aiming to prevent nutrient scavenging of PDAC tumors. The screening campaign was conducted in a well-known pancreatic KRAS-mutated cell line (MIAPaCa-2) cultured under nutrient deprivation and using FITC-dextran to precisely quantify macropinocytosis. We assembled a collection of 3584 small molecules, including drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), drug-like molecules against molecular targets, kinase-targeted compounds, and molecules designed to hamper protein-protein interactions. We identified 28 molecules that inhibited macropinocytosis, with potency ranging from 0.4 to 29.9 μM (EC50). A few of them interfered with other endocytic pathways, while 11 compounds did not and were therefore considered specific "bona fide" macropinocytosis inhibitors and further characterized. Four compounds (Ivermectin, Tyrphostin A9, LY2090314, and Pyrvinium Pamoate) selectively hampered nutrient scavenging in KRAS-mutated cancer cells. Their ability to impair albumin-dependent proliferation was replicated both in different 2D cell culture systems and 3D organotypic models. These findings provide a new set of compounds specifically targeting macropinocytosis, which could have therapeutic applications in cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brambillasca
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Cera
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Andronache
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumit Kumar Dey
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fagá
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Fancelli
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pasi
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Robusto
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Chauvier J, Trone MC, Gain P, Ollier E, Robert PY, Arnould L, Bourcier T, Cassagne M, Maalouf J, Martel A, Hoffart L, Rousseau A, Mathis T, Labetoulle M. Corneal Toxicity in Patients Treated by BELANTAMAB MAFODOTIN: How to Improve and Facilitate Patients Follow-Up Using Refractive Shift? J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38976493 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common neoplastic blood disease worldwide. Belantamab mafodotin is a new antibody conjugate anti-B-cell maturation antigen effective against refractory myelomas. It induces intracorneal microcysts leading to refractive fluctuations. The aim of this study is to assess the value of monitoring refractive fluctuations based on the location of microcystic-like epithelial changes (MECs) to facilitate patient follow-up. Methods: This observational and multicentric study was conducted using data collected from several French centers contacted through secure email through a standardized data collection table. Results: The fluctuation of objective refraction in spherical equivalent confirms a significant myopic shift from peripheral to central forms. A decrease in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), an increase in keratometry, and an increase in central epithelial pachymetry have also been observed when MECs migrate toward the center. Conclusion: The myopization found in our study in patients with central and paracentral MECs is consistent with current literature. Fluctuations in BCVA, keratometry, and epithelial pachymetry are also consistent. This study is the first real-world study and highlights heterogeneity in follow-up, emphasizing the need to establish multidisciplinary follow-up strategies. The analysis of refractive fluctuations appears to be a reproducible and noninvasive screening method that could facilitate patient follow-up without the need for consultation focused on corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chauvier
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Trone
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology BiiO, EA2521, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medecine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology BiiO, EA2521, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medecine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Edouard Ollier
- Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1059, Vascular Dysfunction and Hemostasis, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Dupuytren 1 University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Louis Arnould
- Ophthalmology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (EA 7460), Faculty of Health Sciences, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Tristan Bourcier
- Ophthalmology Department, New Civil Hospital, Strasbourg University Hospital, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Gepromed, The Medical Hub for Patient Safety, Strasbourg, France
| | - Myriam Cassagne
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Ophthalmology Department, Pasteur clinic, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Maalouf
- Ophthalmology Department, Brabois University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Ophthalmology Department, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Louis Hoffart
- Ophthalmology Department, Monticelli-Velodrome Clinic, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Ophthalmology Department, Bicetre Hospital - APHP and Quinze-Vingts Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- IDMIT Infrastructure, Inserm U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Ophthalmology Department, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France
- MATEIS Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5510, INSA, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Bicetre Hospital - APHP and Quinze-Vingts Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- IDMIT Infrastructure, Inserm U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Rahmani A, Soleymani A, Almukhtar M, Behzad Moghadam K, Vaziri Z, Hosein Tabar Kashi A, Adabi Firoozjah R, Jafari Tadi M, Zolfaghari Dehkharghani M, Valadi H, Moghadamnia AA, Gasser RB, Rostami A. Exosomes, and the potential for exosome-based interventions against COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2562. [PMID: 38924213 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 760 million people affected and ∼seven million deaths reported. Although effective treatments for COVID-19 are currently limited, there has been a strong focus on developing new therapeutic approaches to address the morbidity and mortality linked to this disease. An approach that is currently being investigated is the use of exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that play a role in many clinical diseases, including viral infections, infected cells release exosomes that can transmit viral components, such as miRNAs and proteins, and can also include receptors for viruses that facilitate viral entry into recipient cells. SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to impact the formation, secretion, and release of exosomes, thereby potentially facilitating or intensifying the transmission of the virus among cells, tissues and individuals. Therefore, designing synthetic exosomes that carry immunomodulatory cargo and antiviral compounds are proposed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Moreover, exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might be employed as cell-free therapeutic agents, as MSC-derived exosomes can diminish the cytokine storm and reverse the suppression of host anti-viral defences associated with COVID-19, and boost the repair of lung damage linked to mitochondrial activity. The present article discusses the significance and roles of exosomes in COVID-19, and explores potential future applications of exosomes in combating this disease. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, exosome-based therapies could represent a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Hosein Tabar Kashi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Adabi Firoozjah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Li S, Li Y, Dou M, Zhang M, Zhao Z, Wu H, Zhu S, Obadina AO. Glycogen and zinc-enriched ferritin as bioavailable nanoparticulate nutrients released from gastrointestinal digestion of pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Food Chem 2024; 457:140125. [PMID: 38905826 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Oyster is a low-carbon animal food enriched with protein, glycogen, and trace minerals. Nano-nutrients are increasingly perceived as an unignorable part of foods. Here, simulated gastrointestinal digestion released a considerable amount of nanoparticulate nutrients from raw and cooked oysters. They were identified as glycogen monomers with size of 20-40 nm and their aggregates, as well as 6 nm-sized bare cores of ferritin containing iron and zinc (4:1, w/w). FITC-labeling and flow cytometry unveiled the efficient uptake of oyster glycogen by polarized Caco-2 cells via macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Calcein-fluorescence-quenching assay revealed divalent-metal-transporter-1- and macropinocytosis-mediated enterocyte iron absorption from oyster ferritin. Zinquin-fluorescence flow cytometry and ex-vivo mouse ileal loop experiments demonstrated the ready intestinal zinc absorption from oyster ferritin via macropinocytosis, as well as the good resistance of oyster ferritin to phytate's inhibition on zinc absorption. Overall, our results offer a new insight into the digestive and chemical properties of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266021, China
| | - Mengting Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai 264299, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Hainan/Haikou Research & Development Center for Biopeptide Engineering, Huayan Collagen Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 571000, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
| | - Suqin Zhu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266021, China.
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6
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Amaya L, Abe B, Liu J, Zhao F, Zhang WL, Chen R, Li R, Wang S, Kamber RA, Tsai MC, Bassik MC, Majeti R, Chang HY. Pathways for macrophage uptake of cell-free circular RNAs. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2104-2118.e6. [PMID: 38761795 PMCID: PMC11218042 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable RNAs present in cell-free RNA, which may comprise cellular debris and pathogen genomes. Here, we investigate the phenomenon and mechanism of cellular uptake and intracellular fate of exogenous circRNAs. Human myeloid cells and B cells selectively internalize extracellular circRNAs. Macrophage uptake of circRNA is rapid, energy dependent, and saturable. CircRNA uptake can lead to translation of encoded sequences and antigen presentation. The route of internalization influences immune activation after circRNA uptake, with distinct gene expression programs depending on the route of RNA delivery. Genome-scale CRISPR screens and chemical inhibitor studies nominate macrophage scavenger receptor MSR1, Toll-like receptors, and mTOR signaling as key regulators of receptor-mediated phagocytosis of circRNAs, a dominant pathway to internalize circRNAs in parallel to macropinocytosis. These results suggest that cell-free circRNA serves as an "eat me" signal and danger-associated molecular pattern, indicating orderly pathways of recognition and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amaya
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Abe
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenyan Lucy Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roarke A Kamber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miao-Chih Tsai
- RNA Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; RNA Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zygmunt A, Gubernator J. Metabolism and structure of PDA as the target for new therapies: possibilities and limitations for nanotechnology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:845-865. [PMID: 38899424 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2370492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Certainly, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma poses one of the greatest challenges in current oncology. The dense extracellular matrix and low vessel density in PDA tumor impede the effective delivery of drugs, primarily due to the short pharmacokinetics of most drugs and potential electrostatic interactions with stroma components. AREA COVERED Owing to the distinctive metabolism of PDA and challenges in accessing nutrients, there is a growing interest in cell metabolism inhibitors as a potential means to inhibit cancer development. However, even if suitable combinations of inhibitors are identified, the question about their administration remains, as the same hindrances that impede effective treatment with conventional drugs will also hinder the delivery of inhibitors. Methods including nanotechnology to increase drugs in PDA penetrations are reviewed and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult tumors to treat due to the small number of blood vessels, high content of extracellular matrix, and specialized resistance mechanisms of tumor cells. One possible method of treating this tumor is the use of metabolic inhibitors in combinations that show synergy. Despite promising results in in vitro tests, their effect is uncertain due to the tumor's structure. In the case of pancreatic cancer, priming of the tumor tissue is required through the sequential administration of drugs that generate blood vessels, increase blood flow, and enhance vascular permeability and extracellular matrix. The use of drug carriers with a size of 10-30 nm may be crucial in the therapy of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Zygmunt
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Du W, Chen H, Gróf I, Lemaitre L, Bocsik A, Perdyan A, Mieczkowski J, Deli MA, Hortobágyi T, Wan Q, Glebov OO. Antidepressant-induced membrane trafficking regulates blood-brain barrier permeability. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02626-1. [PMID: 38816584 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
As the most prescribed psychotropic drugs in current medical practice, antidepressant drugs (ADs) of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class represent prime candidates for drug repurposing. The mechanisms underlying their mode of action, however, remain unclear. Here, we show that common SSRIs and selected representatives of other AD classes bidirectionally regulate fluid-phase uptake at therapeutic concentrations and below. We further characterize membrane trafficking induced by a canonical SSRI fluvoxamine to show that it involves enhancement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, endosomal system, and exocytosis. RNA sequencing analysis showed few fluvoxamine-associated differences, consistent with the effect being independent of gene expression. Fluvoxamine-induced increase in membrane trafficking boosted transcytosis in cell-based blood-brain barrier models, while a single injection of fluvoxamine was sufficient to enable brain accumulation of a fluid-phase fluorescent tracer in vivo. These findings reveal modulation of membrane trafficking by ADs as a possible cellular mechanism of action and indicate their clinical repositioning potential for regulating drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Du
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lucien Lemaitre
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adrian Perdyan
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Oleg O Glebov
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Isanta B, Delgado A, Ciudad CJ, Busquets MA, Griera R, Llor N, Noé V. Synthesis and Validation of TRIFAPYs as a Family of Transfection Agents for Therapeutic Oligonucleotides. Biomolecules 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 38672408 PMCID: PMC11048556 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfection agents play a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells offering potential therapeutic solutions for genetic disorders. However, progress in this field needs the development of improved systems that guarantee efficient transfection. Here, we describe the synthesis of a set of chemical delivery agents (TRIFAPYs) containing alkyl chains of different lengths based on the 1,3,5-tris[(4-alkyloxy-1pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide structure. Their delivery properties for therapeutic oligonucleotides were evaluated using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) as a silencing tool. The binding of liposomes to PPRHs was evaluated by retardation assays in agarose gels. The complexes had a size of 125 nm as determined by DLS, forming well-defined concentrical vesicles as visualized by Cryo-TEM. The prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was used to study the internalization of the nanoparticles by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The mechanism of entrance involved in the cellular uptake was mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cytotoxicity analyses determined the intrinsic toxicity caused by each TRIFAPY and the effect on cell viability upon transfection of a specific PPRH (HpsPr-C) directed against the antiapoptotic target survivin. TRIFAPYs C12-C18 were selected to expand these studies in the breast cancer cell line SKBR-3 opening the usage of TRIFAPYs for both sexes and, in the hCMEC/D3 cell line, as a model for the blood-brain barrier. The mRNA levels of survivin decreased, while apoptosis levels increased upon the transfection of HpsPr-C with these TRIFAPYs in PC-3 cells. Therefore, TRIFAPYs can be considered novel lipid-based vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Isanta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Ana Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mª Antònia Busquets
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Griera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Núria Llor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.I.); (R.G.); (N.L.)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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10
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Choi S, Lee IY, Kim MJ, Lee SK, Lee KY. Multi-Functional Polymer Nanoparticles with Enhanced Adipocyte Uptake and Adipocytolytic Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300312. [PMID: 37902246 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional polymer nanoparticles have been widely utilized to improve cellular uptake and enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, it is hypothesized that the cellular uptake of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles loaded with calcium carbonate minerals into adipocytes can be improved by covalent modification with nona-arginine (R9 ) peptide. It is further hypothesized that the internalization mechanism of R9 -modified PLG nanoparticles by adipocytes may be contingent on the concentration of R9 peptide present in the nanoparticles. R9 -modified PLG nanoparticles followed the direct penetration mechanism when the concentration of R9 peptide in the nanoparticles reached 38 µM. Notably, macropinocytosis is the major endocytic mechanism when the R9 peptide concentration is ≤ 26 µM. The endocytic uptake of the nanoparticles effectively generated carbon dioxide gas at an endosomal pH, resulting in significant adipocytolytic effects in vitro, which are further supported by the findings in an obese mouse model induced by high-fat diet. Gas-generating PLG nanoparticles, modified with R9 peptide, demonstrated localized reduction of adipose tissue (reduction of 13.1%) after subcutaneous injection without significant side effects. These findings highlight the potential of multi-functional polymer nanoparticles for the development of effective and targeted fat reduction techniques, addressing both health and cosmetic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suim Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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11
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Akita T, Shimamura M, Tezuka A, Takagi M, Yamashita C. GLP-1 derivatives with functional sequences transit and migrate through trigeminal neurons. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 195:114176. [PMID: 38185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Patients with dementia are increasing with the aging of the population, and dementia has become a disease with high unmet medical needs. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a neuropeptide, has been reported to improve learning and memory following intracerebroventricular administration. We focused on intranasal administration, which can deliver drugs noninvasively and efficiently to the brain. Although much of the human nasal mucosa is occupied by respiratory epithelium, many capillaries are present in the paracellular route of respiratory epithelium. Therefore, to incorporate GLP-1 into cells, we created a GLP-1 derivative by adding cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and penetration accelerating sequences (PAS) to GLP-1. We investigated in vitro and in vivo function of PAS-CPP-GLP-1 to enable the translocation of GLP-1 directly from nose to brain. PAS-CPP-GLP-1 enhanced cellular uptake by macropinocytosis with CPP, efficiently escaped from the endosomes due to PAS, and exited the cells. PAS-CPP-GLP-1 also transited trigeminal nerve cells through axon transport and migrated to the adjacent trigeminal nerve cell. Moreover, PAS-CPP-GLP-1 showed significant improvement in learning memory in mice within 20 min of intranasal administration. These results suggested CPP and PAS may be important for the efficient transfer of GLP-1 to the site of action in the brain following intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Shimamura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayano Tezuka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Marina Takagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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12
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Schneider N, Hermann PC, Eiseler T, Seufferlein T. Emerging Roles of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Cancer Research and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:567. [PMID: 38339318 PMCID: PMC10854789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovered in the late eighties, sEVs are small extracellular nanovesicles (30-150 nm diameter) that gained increasing attention due to their profound roles in cancer, immunology, and therapeutic approaches. They were initially described as cellular waste bins; however, in recent years, sEVs have become known as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted from cells in substantial amounts and exert their influence on recipient cells by signaling through cell surface receptors or transferring cargos, such as proteins, RNAs, miRNAs, or lipids. A key role of sEVs in cancer is immune modulation, as well as pro-invasive signaling and formation of pre-metastatic niches. sEVs are ideal biomarker platforms, and can be engineered as drug carriers or anti-cancer vaccines. Thus, sEVs further provide novel avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will focus on the role of sEVs in GI-oncology and delineate their functions in cancer progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.C.H.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Tim Eiseler
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (T.E.); Tel.: +49-731-500-44678 (N.S.); +49-731-500-44523 (T.E.)
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13
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Chen Y, Zhou S, Pradhan K, Chernyak N, Kofman E, Zhang F, Kim SY, Seghezzi W, Willingham A, Seganish WM, Bhagwat B, Han JH. Development and application of an in vitro assay to assess target-independent B-cell activation by targeted TLR7 immune agonists. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113553. [PMID: 37661047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted immune agonist (TIA) comprising a TLR7 agonist conjugated to tumor-targeting antibodies have been shown to induce potent anti-tumor responses in various preclinical models. However, the clinical proof-of-concept of a TIA has been hampered by systemic dose-limiting immune-related toxicities, including rapid induction of anti-drug antibodies in patients. We have developed ELISPOT-based assay to measure activation of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), intended to simulate the interaction between TIA and peripheral B cells as a tool to pre-clinically de-risk tumor target-independent peripheral B-cell activation by TIA. This method has proven to be robust and has fast turn-around time to evaluate the induction of spontaneous B-cell activation by TIA in a tumor target- and FcγR-independent manner. This novel ASC assay platform may serve as a preclinical tool to de-risk TIAs that can potentially induce immune-related adverse effects in the clinic.
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14
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Maldonado-García JL, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Alvarez-Herrera S, Pavón L, Sánchez-Torres L, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Girón-Pérez MI, Damian-Morales G, Maldonado-Tapia JO, López-Santiago R, Moreno-Lafont MC. Imipramine Administration in Brucella abortus 2308-Infected Mice Restores Hippocampal Serotonin Levels, Muscle Strength, and Mood, and Decreases Spleen CFU Count. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1525. [PMID: 38004391 PMCID: PMC10674296 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis infection causes non-specific symptoms such as fever, chills, sweating, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, fatigue, and mood disorders. In mouse models, it has been associated with increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels within the hippocampus, induced loss of muscle strength and equilibrium, and increased anxiety and hopelessness. Imipramine (ImiP), a tricyclic antidepressant, is used to alleviate neuropathic pain. This study evaluated the effects of ImiP on Balb/c mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 (Ba) at 14- and 28-days post-infection. Serum levels of six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, MCP-1. and IL-10) were assessed by FACS, while the number of bacteria in the spleen was measured via CFU. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were analyzed via HPLC, and behavioral tests were conducted to assess strength, equilibrium, and mood. Our results showed that mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and treated with ImiP for six days (Im6Ba14) had significantly different outcomes compared to infected mice (Ba14) at day 14 post-infection. The mood was enhanced in the forced swimming test (FST) (p < 0.01), tail suspension test (TST) (p < 0.0001), and open-field test (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.01). Lastly, there was a decrease in IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) and CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). At 28 days, infected mice that received ImiP for 20 days (Im20Ba28) showed preservation of positive effects compared to infected mice (Ba28). These effects include the following: (1) improved FST (p < 0.0001) and TST (p < 0.0001); (2) better equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.0001); (3) decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05); and (4) reduced CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest the potential for ImiP to be used as an adjuvant treatment for the symptoms of brucellosis, which requires future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Luvia Sánchez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de los Microorganismos, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Damian-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Jesús Octavio Maldonado-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Rubén López-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Martha C Moreno-Lafont
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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15
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Sharma M, Marin M, Wu H, Prikryl D, Melikyan GB. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Preferentially Fuses with pH-Neutral Endocytic Vesicles in Cell Lines and Human Primary CD4+ T-Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17436-17450. [PMID: 37589658 PMCID: PMC10510587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, the principal sites of productive HIV-1 entry in different target cells─plasma membrane (PM) vs endosomes─remain controversial. To delineate the site(s) of HIV-1 fusion, we implemented a triple labeling approach that involves tagging pseudoviruses with the fluid-phase viral content marker, iCherry, the viral membrane marker, DiD, and the extraviral pH sensor, ecliptic pHluorin. The viral content marker iCherry is released into the cytoplasm upon virus-cell fusion irrespective of the sites of fusion. In contrast, the extent of dilution of the membrane marker upon fusion with the PM (loss of signal) vs the endosomal membrane (no change in punctate DiD appearance) discriminates between the principal sites of viral fusion. Additionally, ecliptic pHluorin incorporated into the viral membrane reports whether virus fusion occurs in acidic endosomes. Real-time single virus imaging in living HeLa-derived cells, a CD4+ T-cell line, and activated primary human CD4+ T-cells revealed a strong (80-90%) HIV-1 preference for fusion with endosomes. Intriguingly, we observed HIV-1 fusion only with pH-neutral intracellular vesicles and never with acidified endosomes. These endocytic fusion events are likely culminating in productive infection since endocytic inhibitors, such as EIPA, Pitstop2, and Dynasore, as well as a dominant-negative dynamin-2 mutant, inhibited HIV-1 infection in HeLa-derived and primary CD4+ T-cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of endocytosis in HeLa-derived cells promoted hemifusion at the PM but abrogated complete fusion. Collectively, these data reveal that the primary HIV-1 entry pathway in diverse cell types is through fusion with pH-neutral intracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - David Prikryl
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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16
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Rogers LC, Kremer JC, Brashears CB, Lin Z, Hu Z, Bastos AC, Baker A, Fettig N, Zhou D, Shoghi KI, Dehner CA, Chrisinger JS, Bomalaski JS, Garcia BA, Oyama T, White EP, Van Tine BA. Discovery and Targeting of a Noncanonical Mechanism of Sarcoma Resistance to ADI-PEG20 Mediated by the Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3189-3202. [PMID: 37339179 PMCID: PMC10425734 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many cancers lack argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme of arginine biosynthesis. This deficiency causes arginine auxotrophy, targetable by extracellular arginine-degrading enzymes such as ADI-PEG20. Long-term tumor resistance has thus far been attributed solely to ASS1 reexpression. This study examines the role of ASS1 silencing on tumor growth and initiation and identifies a noncanonical mechanism of resistance, aiming to improve clinical responses to ADI-PEG20. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor initiation and growth rates were measured for a spontaneous Ass1 knockout (KO) murine sarcoma model. Tumor cell lines were generated, and resistance to arginine deprivation therapy was studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Conditional Ass1 KO affected neither tumor initiation nor growth rates in a sarcoma model, contradicting the prevalent idea that ASS1 silencing confers a proliferative advantage. Ass1 KO cells grew robustly through arginine starvation in vivo, while ADI-PEG20 remained completely lethal in vitro, evidence that pointed toward a novel mechanism of resistance mediated by the microenvironment. Coculture with Ass1-competent fibroblasts rescued growth through macropinocytosis of vesicles and/or cell fragments, followed by recycling of protein-bound arginine through autophagy/lysosomal degradation. Inhibition of either macropinocytosis or autophagy/lysosomal degradation abrogated this growth support effect in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Noncanonical, ASS1-independent tumor resistance to ADI-PEG20 is driven by the microenvironment. This mechanism can be targeted by either the macropinocytosis inhibitor imipramine or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. These safe, widely available drugs should be added to current clinical trials to overcome microenvironmental arginine support of tumors and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard C. Rogers
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeff C. Kremer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Caitlyn B. Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhixian Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Alliny C.S. Bastos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adriana Baker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kooresh I. Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John S.A. Chrisinger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Toshinao Oyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eileen P. White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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17
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Morè S, Offidani M, Corvatta L, Petrucci MT, Fazio F. Belantamab Mafodotin: From Clinical Trials Data to Real-Life Experiences. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112948. [PMID: 37296910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of novel immunotherapies, such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains incurable, and the acquisition of triple-refractoriness leads to really dismal outcomes in even earlier lines of therapy. More recently, innovative therapeutic strategies targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), highly expressed on the plasma cell surface, are drawing different future landscapes in terms of effectiveness and outcomes. Belantamab Mafodotin, a first-in-class anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate, demonstrated good efficacy and safety profile in triple-refractory patients in the phase 2 DREAMM-2 trial, and it was approved for the treatment of MM triple-exposed patients with >4 prior lines of therapy. Here, starting from Belantamab Mafodotin clinical trials and also exploring combination studies and different schedules in order to improve its efficacy and toxicity, we focused on real-life experiences all over the world, which have confirmed clinical trial data and encourage further Belantamab Mafodotin investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Morè
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Offidani
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Corvatta
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina, Ospedale Profili, 60044 Fabriano, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazio
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Hessien M, Donia T, Tabll AA, Adly E, Abdelhafez TH, Attia A, Alkafaas SS, Kuna L, Glasnovic M, Cosic V, Smolic R, Smolic M. Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2? Viruses 2023; 15:v15051040. [PMID: 37243127 DOI: 10.3390/v15051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein-protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Eiman Adly
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tawfeek H Abdelhafez
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Amany Attia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Department of Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Cosic
- Department of Paediatrics and Gynaecology with Obstetrics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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19
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Cao Y, Chen E, Wang X, Song J, Zhang H, Chen X. An emerging master inducer and regulator for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis: extracellular and intracellular ATP and its molecular functions and therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36750864 PMCID: PMC9903449 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, metastasis remains the major cause of cancer-related death and scientific challenge. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in cancer invasion and progression, a process by which tumor cells lose cell-cell adhesion and acquire increased invasiveness and metastatic activity. Recent work has uncovered some crucial roles of extracellular adenosine 5'- triphosphate (eATP), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Intratumoral extracellular ATP (eATP), at levels of 100-700 µM, is 103-104 times higher than in normal tissues. In the current literature, eATP's function in promoting metastasis has been relatively poorly understood as compared with intracellular ATP (iATP). Recent evidence has shown that cancer cells internalize eATP via macropinocytosis in vitro and in vivo, promoting cell growth and survival, drug resistance, and metastasis. Furthermore, ATP acts as a messenger molecule that activates P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumor and host cells, stimulating downstream signaling pathways to enhance the invasive and metastatic properties of tumor cells. Here, we review recent progress in understanding eATP's role in each step of the metastatic cascade, including initiating invasion, inducing EMT, overcoming anoikis, facilitating intravasation, circulation, and extravasation, and eventually establishing metastatic colonization. Collectively, these studies reveal eATP's important functions in many steps of metastasis and identify new opportunities for developing more effective therapeutic strategies to target ATP-associated processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Cao
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Eileen Chen
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Jingwen Song
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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20
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Delgado A, Griera R, Llor N, López-Aguilar E, Busquets MA, Noé V, Ciudad CJ. Trioleyl Pyridinium, a Cationic Transfection Agent for the Lipofection of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides into Mammalian Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020420. [PMID: 36839742 PMCID: PMC9960667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most significant limitations that therapeutic oligonucleotides present is the development of specific and efficient delivery vectors for the internalization of nucleic acids into cells. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new transfection agents that ensure a proper and efficient delivery into mammalian cells. METHODS We describe the synthesis of 1,3,5-tris[(4-oelyl-1-pyridinio)methyl]benzene tribromide (TROPY) and proceeded to the validation of its binding capacity toward oligonucleotides, the internalization of DNA into the cells, the effect on cell viability, apoptosis, and its capability to transfect plasmid DNA. RESULTS The synthesis and chemical characterization of TROPY, which can bind DNA and transfect oligonucleotides into mammalian cells through clathrin and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, are described. Using a PPRH against the antiapoptotic survivin gene as a model, we validated that the complex TROPY-PPRH decreased cell viability in human cancer cells, increased apoptosis, and reduced survivin mRNA and protein levels. TROPY was also able to stably transfect plasmid DNA, as demonstrated by the formation of viable colonies upon the transfection of a dhfr minigene into dhfr-negative cells and the subsequent metabolic selection. CONCLUSIONS TROPY is an efficient transfecting agent that allows the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as PPRHs and plasmid DNA, inside mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Griera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Llor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester López-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Busquets
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-403-4455
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21
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Small Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020325. [PMID: 36839647 PMCID: PMC9961868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing in many ways. Initially perceived as mere waste receptacles, sEVs have revealed other biological functions, such as cell-to-cell signal transduction and communication. Besides their notable biological functions, sEVs have profound advantages as future drug modalities: (i) excellent biocompatibility, (ii) high stability, and (iii) the potential to carry undruggable macromolecules as cargo. Indeed, many biopharmaceutical companies are utilizing sEVs, not only as diagnostic biomarkers but as therapeutic drugs. However, as all inchoate fields are challenging, there are limitations and hindrances in the clinical translation of sEV therapeutics. In this review, we summarize different types of sEV therapeutics, future improvements, and current strategies in large-scale production.
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22
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Goswami R, Lehot V, Çiçek YA, Nagaraj H, Jeon T, Nguyen T, Fedeli S, Rotello VM. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Citraconylated Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010218. [PMID: 36678847 PMCID: PMC9861219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current intracellular protein delivery strategies face the challenge of endosomal entrapment and consequent degradation of protein cargo. Methods to efficiently deliver proteins directly to the cytosol have the potential to overcome this hurdle. Here, we report the use of a straightforward approach of protein modification using citraconic anhydride to impart an overall negative charge on the proteins, enabling them to assemble with positively charged nano vectors. This strategy uses anhydride-modified proteins to electrostatically form polymer-protein nanocomposites with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. These supramolecular self-assemblies demonstrated the efficient cytosolic delivery of modified proteins through a membrane fusion-like mechanism. This approach was validated on five cell lines and seven proteins as cargo. Retention of protein function was confirmed through efficient cell killing via the intracellular enzymatic activity of RNase A. This platform provides a versatile, straightforward, and single-step method of protein modification and efficient direct cytosolic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Victor Lehot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yağız Anıl Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Prayag KS, Paul AT, Ghorui SK, Jindal AB. Preclinical evaluation of quinapyramine sulphate-loaded lipidic nanocarriers for trypanocidal effect against Trypanosoma evansi. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Ghosh S, Loutfy SA, Elkafas SS, Abdel Fattah NF, Hessien M. Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2403. [PMID: 36345157 PMCID: PMC9877911 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus-host cell interaction is essential for developing variant-independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS-CoV-2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant-independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis-mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, as variant-independent antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis-mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis-T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG-CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection remain understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research DepartmentNational Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR)GizaEgypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Samah A. Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Nanotechnology Research CenterBritish UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMenofia UniversityMenofiaEgypt
| | - Nasra F. Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
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25
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A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining. Commun Biol 2022; 5:730. [PMID: 35869260 PMCID: PMC9307623 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad Bombina maxima discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress. In addition to membrane-integrated aquaporins, a novel secretory pore-forming protein, βγ-CAT, can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.
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26
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Surface morphology live-cell imaging reveals how macropinocytosis inhibitors affect membrane dynamics. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Lin HP, Singla B, Ahn W, Ghoshal P, Blahove M, Cherian-Shaw M, Chen A, Haller A, Hui DY, Dong K, Zhou J, White J, Stranahan AM, Jasztal A, Lucas R, Stansfield BK, Fulton D, Chlopicki S, Csányi G. Receptor-independent fluid-phase macropinocytosis promotes arterial foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eadd2376. [PMID: 36130017 PMCID: PMC9645012 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the arterial wall plays a central role in atherosclerotic lesion development, plaque progression, and late-stage complications of atherosclerosis. However, there are still fundamental gaps in our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms leading to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic arteries. Here, we investigated the role of receptor-independent macropinocytosis in arterial lipid accumulation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genetic inhibition of fluid-phase macropinocytosis in myeloid cells (LysMCre+ Nhe1fl/fl) and repurposing of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that inhibits macrophage macropinocytosis substantially decreased atherosclerotic lesion development in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient and Apoe-/- mice. Stimulation of macropinocytosis using genetic (H-RASG12V) and physiologically relevant approaches promoted internalization of unmodified native (nLDL) and modified [e.g., acetylated (ac) and oxidized (ox) LDL] lipoproteins in both wild-type and scavenger receptor (SR) knockout (Cd36-/-/Sra-/-) macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis in hypercholesterolemic wild-type and Cd36-/-/Sra-/- mice identified an important role of macropinocytosis in LDL uptake by lesional macrophages and development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, serial section high-resolution imaging, LDL immunolabeling, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of subendothelial foam cells provide visual evidence of lipid macropinocytosis in both human and murine atherosclerotic arteries. Our findings complement the SR paradigm of atherosclerosis and identify a therapeutic strategy to counter the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - WonMo Ahn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Maria Blahove
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - April Haller
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - David Y. Hui
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Brian K. Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
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28
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Novel Regulators of Macropinocytosis-Dependent Growth Revealed by Informer Set Library Screening in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090831. [PMID: 36144235 PMCID: PMC9502772 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize multiple nutrient scavenging mechanisms to support growth and survival in nutrient-poor, hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Among these mechanisms, macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of extracellular nutrient acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated RAS signaling, such as pancreatic cancer. However, the absence of a clinically available inhibitor, as well as the gap of knowledge in macropinocytosis regulation, remain a hurdle for its use for cancer therapy. Here, we use the Informer set library to identify novel regulators of macropinocytosis-dependent growth in pancreatic cancer cells. Understanding how these regulators function will allow us to provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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29
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Lazki-Hagenbach P, Kleeblatt E, Ali H, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Substance P-Bound MRGPRX2 Reveal a Novel Connection Between Macropinosome Resolution and Secretory Granule Regeneration in Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892239. [PMID: 35837385 PMCID: PMC9273857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MRGPRX2, the human member of the MAS-related G protein coupled receptors (Mrgprs), serves as the cellular target of human mast cells (MCs) for innate ligands, including neuropeptides and antimicrobial peptides. In addition, MRGPRX2 also functions as the receptor for multiple FDA-approved drugs. As such, MRGPRX2 is a mediator of MC responses in neurogenic inflammation, host defense and pseudoallergy. We analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of MRGPRX2 following its binding of the neuropeptide substance P (SP). Herein, we show that MRGPRX2 internalizes via both endocytosis and macropinocytosis, followed by its distribution between a perinuclear region and the secretory granules (SGs). Further, we show that MRGPRX2-containing macropinosomes undergo resolution by a mechanism that involves dynamin and LC3, giving rise to the incorporation of both LC3 and MRGPRX2 into the SGs. SP then promotes the acidification of the LC3-associated SGs, presumably by stimulating their fusion with lysosomes. Taken together, our results reveal a unique mode of MRGPRX2 trafficking that complements endocytosis and involves macropinocytosis, autophagic machinery-assisted macropinosome resolution and receptor delivery to the SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lazki-Hagenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisabeth Kleeblatt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg,
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30
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Luther DC, Lee YW, Nagaraj H, Clark V, Jeon T, Goswami R, Gopalakrishnan S, Fedeli S, Jerome W, Elia JL, Rotello VM. Cytosolic Protein Delivery Using Modular Biotin-Streptavidin Assembly of Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7323-7330. [PMID: 35435664 PMCID: PMC10586328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for the delivery of proteins into cells face general challenges of endosomal entrapment and concomitant degradation of protein cargo. Efficient delivery directly to the cytosol overcomes this obstacle: we report here the use of biotin-streptavidin tethering to provide a modular approach to the generation of nanovectors capable of a cytosolic delivery of biotinylated proteins. This strategy uses streptavidin to organize biotinylated protein and biotinylated oligo(glutamate) peptide into modular complexes that are then electrostatically self-assembled with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. The resulting polymer-protein nanocomposites demonstrate efficient cytosolic delivery of six biotinylated protein cargos of varying size, charge, and quaternary structure. Retention of protein function was established through efficient cell killing via delivery of the chemotherapeutic enzyme granzyme A. This platform represents a versatile and modular approach to intracellular delivery through the noncovalent tethering of multiple components into a single delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - William Jerome
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - James L. Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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31
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Frolova AY, Pakhomov AA, Kakuev DL, Sungurova AS, Deyev SM, Martynov VI. Cancer cells targeting with genetically engineered constructs based on a pH-dependent membrane insertion peptide and fluorescent protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 612:141-146. [PMID: 35525198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of nanodrugs to malignant neoplasm is one of the most pressing challenges in the development of modern medicine. It was reported earlier that a bacteriorhodopsin-derived pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) targets acidic tumors and has the ability to translocate low molecular weight cargoes across the cancer cell membrane. Here, to better understand the potential of pHLIP-related technologies, we used genetically engineered fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model protein cargo and examined targeting efficiencies of EGFP-pHLIP hybrid constructs in vitro with the HeLa cell line at different pHs. By two independent monitoring methods we observed an increased binding affinity of EGFP-pHLIP fusions to HeLa cells at pH below 6.8. Confocal images of EGFP-pHLIP-treated cells showed bright fluorescence associated with the cell membrane and fluorescent dots localized inside the cell, that became brighter with time. To elucidate the pHLIP-mediated EGFP cell entry mechanisms, we performed a series of experiments with specific inhibitors of endocytosis. Our results imply that EGFP-pHLIP internalization is realized by endocytosis of various types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu Frolova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Pakhomov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry L Kakuev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S Sungurova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Martynov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
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32
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Group B Streptococcus-Induced Macropinocytosis Contributes to Bacterial Invasion of Brain Endothelial Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040474. [PMID: 35456149 PMCID: PMC9028350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is defined as serious inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) in which bacteria infect the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a network of highly specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs). Dysfunction of the BBB is a hallmark of bacterial meningitis. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the leading organisms that cause bacterial meningitis, especially in neonates. Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent form of endocytosis that is also tightly regulated at the BBB. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of actin-dependent processes decreases bacterial invasion, suggesting that pathogens can utilize macropinocytotic pathways for invasion. The purpose of this project is to study the factors that lead to dysfunction of the BBB. We demonstrate that infection with GBS increases rates of endocytosis in BECs. We identified a potential pathway, PLC-PKC-Nox2, in BECs that contributes to macropinocytosis regulation. Here we demonstrate that downstream inhibition of PLC, PKC, or Nox2 significantly blocks GBS invasion of BECs. Additionally, we show that pharmacological activation of PKC can turn on macropinocytosis and increase bacterial invasion of nonpathogenic yet genetically similar Lactococcus lactis. Our results suggest that GBS activates BEC signaling pathways that increase rates of macropinocytosis and subsequently the invasion of GBS.
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33
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Piezo1 activation using Yoda1 inhibits macropinocytosis in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6322. [PMID: 35428847 PMCID: PMC9012786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a type of endocytosis accompanied by actin rearrangement-driven membrane deformation, such as lamellipodia formation and membrane ruffling, followed by the formation of large vesicles, macropinosomes. Ras-transformed cancer cells efficiently acquire exogenous amino acids for their survival through macropinocytosis. Thus, inhibition of macropinocytosis is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. To date, few specific agents that inhibit macropinocytosis have been developed. Here, focusing on the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, we found that Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, potently inhibits macropinocytosis induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF). The inhibition of ruffle formation by Yoda1 was dependent on the extracellular Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 and on the activation of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1. This suggests that Ca2+ ions can regulate EGF-stimulated macropinocytosis. We propose the potential for macropinocytosis inhibition through the regulation of a mechanosensitive channel activity using chemical tools.
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34
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Jaldin-Fincati J, Moussaoui S, Gimenez MC, Ho CY, Lancaster CE, Botelho R, Ausar F, Brookes R, Terebiznik M. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant diverts the uptake and trafficking of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin to lysosomes in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:1173-1195. [PMID: 35344242 PMCID: PMC9321756 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salts have been successfully utilized as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens since the 1930s. However, the cellular mechanisms behind the immune adjuvanticity effect of these materials in antigen‐presenting cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the uptake and trafficking of aluminum oxy‐hydroxide (AlOOH), in RAW 264.7 murine and U‐937 human macrophages‐like cells. Furthermore, we determined the impact that the adsorption to AlOOH particulates has on the trafficking of a Bordetella pertussis vaccine candidate, the genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (gdPT). Our results indicate that macrophages internalize AlOOH by constitutive macropinocytosis assisted by the filopodial protrusions that capture the adjuvant particles. Moreover, we show that AlOOH has the capacity to nonspecifically adsorb IgG, engaging opsonic phagocytosis, which is a feature that may allow for more effective capture and uptake of adjuvant particles by antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) at the site of vaccine administration. We found that AlOOH traffics to endolysosomal compartments that hold degradative properties. Importantly, while we show that gdPT escapes degradative endolysosomes and traffics toward the retrograde pathway, as reported for the wild‐type pertussis toxin, the adsorption to AlOOH diverts gdPT to traffic to the adjuvant’s lysosome‐type compartments, which may be key for MHC‐II‐driven antigen presentation and activation of CD4+ T cell. Thus, our findings establish a direct link between antigen adsorption to AlOOH and the intracellular trafficking of antigens within antigen‐presenting cells and bring to light a new potential mechanism for aluminum adjuvancy. Moreover, the in‐vitro single‐cell approach described herein provides a general framework and tools for understanding critical attributes of other vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jaldin-Fincati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Serene Moussaoui
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maria Cecilia Gimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheuk Y Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Charlene E Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Roberto Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Ausar
- BioProcess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1755 Steeles Ave West, Toronto, Ontario M3R 3T4, Canada
| | - Roger Brookes
- BioProcess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1755 Steeles Ave West, Toronto, Ontario M3R 3T4, Canada
| | - Mauricio Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
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35
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Ballerini P, Contursi A, Bruno A, Mucci M, Tacconelli S, Patrignani P. Inflammation and Cancer: From the Development of Personalized Indicators to Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838079. [PMID: 35308229 PMCID: PMC8927697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated with chronic inflammation, which plays a role in tumor development and malignant progression. An unmet medical need in these settings is the availability of sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarkers. Their use will allow surveillance of high-risk populations, early detection, and monitoring of disease progression. Moreover, the characterization of specific fingerprints of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without or with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) at the early stages of liver fibrosis is necessary. Some lines of evidence show the contribution of platelets to intestinal and liver inflammation. Thus, low-dose Aspirin, an antiplatelet agent, reduces CRC and liver cancer incidence and mortality. Aspirin also produces antifibrotic effects in NAFLD. Activated platelets can trigger chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis via the release of soluble mediators, such as thromboxane (TX) A2 and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β, and vesicles containing genetic material (including microRNA). These platelet-derived products contribute to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis by tumor microenvironment cells, such as immune and endothelial cells and fibroblasts, alongside cancer cells. Enhanced COX-2-dependent PGE2 plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation and promotes tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Antiplatelet agents can indirectly prevent the induction of COX-2 in target cells by inhibiting platelet activation. Differently, selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) block the activity of COX-2 expressed in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. However, coxib chemopreventive effects are hampered by the interference with cardiovascular homeostasis via the coincident inhibition of vascular COX-2-dependent prostacyclin biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced risk of atherothrombosis. A strategy to improve anti-inflammatory agents' use in cancer prevention could be to develop tissue-specific drug delivery systems. Platelet ability to interact with tumor cells and transfer their molecular cargo can be employed to design platelet-mediated drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity associated with anti-inflammatory agents in these settings. Another peculiarity of platelets is their capability to uptake proteins and transcripts from the circulation. Thus, cancer patient platelets show specific proteomic and transcriptomic expression profiles that could be used as biomarkers for early cancer detection and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Mucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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36
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Cui L, Hunter MR, Sonzini S, Pereira S, Romanelli SM, Liu K, Li W, Liang L, Yang B, Mahmoudi N, Desai AS. Mechanistic Studies of an Automated Lipid Nanoparticle Reveal Critical Pharmaceutical Properties Associated with Enhanced mRNA Functional Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105832. [PMID: 34914866 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted attention due to their emergent use for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The success of LNPs can be attributed to ionizable lipids, which enable functional intracellular delivery. Previously, the authors established an automated high-throughput platform to screen ionizable lipids and identified that the LNPs generated using this automated technique show comparable or increased mRNA functional delivery in vitro as compared to LNPs prepared using traditional microfluidics techniques. In this study, the authors choose one benchmark lipid, DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), and investigate whether the automated formulation technique can enhance mRNA functional delivery in vivo. Interestingly, a 4.5-fold improvement in mRNA functional delivery in vivo by automated LNPs as compared to LNPs formulated by conventional microfluidics techniques, is observed. Mechanistic studies reveal that particles with large size accommodate more mRNA per LNP, possess more hydrophobic surface, are more hemolytic, bind a larger protein corona, and tend to accumulate more in macropinocytosomes, which may quantitatively benefit mRNA cytosolic delivery. These data suggest that mRNA loading per particle is a critical factor that accounts for the enhanced mRNA functional delivery of automated LNPs. These mechanistic findings provide valuable insight underlying the enhanced mRNA functional delivery to accelerate future mRNA LNP product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Morag R Hunter
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Silvia Sonzini
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Sara Pereira
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Steven M Romanelli
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5624, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43183, Sweden
| | - Weimin Li
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Lihuan Liang
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Bin Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Arpan S Desai
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
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37
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Murthy ASN, Das S, Singh T, Kim TW, Sepay N, Jeon S, Im J. Mitochondria targeting molecular transporters: synthesis, lipophilic effect, and ionic complex. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:270-283. [PMID: 35014934 PMCID: PMC8757599 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2023696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As mitochondria are potential therapeutic targeting sites for the treatment of human diseases, delivering cytotoxic drugs, antioxidants, and imaging molecules to mitochondria can provide new therapeutic opportunities. In an attempt to develop a new mitochondria-targeting vector, we synthesized sorbitol-based molecular transporters with multiple guanidines, measured their partition coefficients, compared their targeting efficiency using fluorescent images and Pearson's correlation coefficients, and studied cellular uptake mechanisms. To increase the targeting ability of these molecular transporters to mitochondria, alanine-naphthalene as a lipophilic group was attached to the molecular transporter, which improved translocation across cellular membranes and led to higher accumulation in mitochondria. The molecular transporter was able to form an ionic complex with antibiotics, resulting in low cell viability. These data demonstrate that the molecular transporter with a lipophilic group could be utilized as a potential drug delivery vector for treating mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akula S N Murthy
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sanket Das
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Tejinder Singh
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Department of Medical Life Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Nasim Sepay
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Seob Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
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38
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Liu H, Qian F. Exploiting macropinocytosis for drug delivery into KRAS mutant cancer. Theranostics 2022; 12:1321-1332. [PMID: 35154489 PMCID: PMC8771556 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are one of the most common gene mutations linked to cancer, presenting in approximately 25% of all tumors, especially pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers. Mutant KRAS has long been considered an undruggable target, stalling progress in direct KRAS targeting for many years, while targeted drug delivery into KRAS mutant cells utilizing their transformed metabolic behavior might present an alternative opportunity. Macropinocytosis, a nonselective, fluid-phase, endocytic route, was found to be upregulated as a metabolic feature in KRAS-driven tumors and plays a critical role in nutrient acquisition from extracellular fluids. With the observation that a variety of drug delivery systems could be internalized by KRAS mutant cancer cells through macropinocytosis, exploiting macropinocytosis for intracellular delivery of therapeutics into KRAS mutant tumor cells is emerging as a new drug delivery expedition. In this article, we summarized cancer biology studies that examined KRAS mutation-induced macropinocytosis, reviewed recent studies exploiting macropinocytosis enhancement for KRAS mutant cancer cell-selective drug delivery, and discussed the potential opportunities, challenges and pitfalls of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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39
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Sasabe E, Tomomura A, Liu H, Sento S, Kitamura N, Yamamoto T. Epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor signaling blockage inhibits tumor cell-derived exosome uptake by oral squamous cell carcinoma through macropinocytosis. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:609-621. [PMID: 34874595 PMCID: PMC8819298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cell types secrete exosomes into their surrounding extracellular space, which consequently affect the function and activity of recipient cells. Numerous studies have showed that tumor cell‐derived exosomes play important roles in tumor growth and progression. Although a variety of endocytic pathways are reportedly involved in the cellular uptake of exosomes, detailed mechanisms remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that treatment with recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) time‐ and dose‐dependently promoted cellular uptake of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell‐derived exosomes into OSCC cells themselves. Conversely, EGF receptor (EGFR) knockdown and treatment with EGFR inhibitors, including erlotinib and cetuximab, abrogated OSCC cell uptake of exosomes. The macropinocytosis inhibitor 5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) blocked the effects of active EGF/EGFR signaling on uptake of OSCC cell‐derived exosomes. These EGFR inhibitors also suppressed OSCC cell‐derived exosome‐induced proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and chemoresistance of OSCC cells. Taken together, the data presented herein suggest that EGFR inhibitors might inhibit the malignant potential of OSCC cells through direct inhibition of not only EGFR downstream signaling pathway but also cellular uptake of OSCC cell‐derived exosomes through macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sasabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tomomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shinya Sento
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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40
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Hanada K, Kawada K, Nishikawa G, Toda K, Maekawa H, Nishikawa Y, Masui H, Hirata W, Okamoto M, Kiyasu Y, Honma S, Ogawa R, Mizuno R, Itatani Y, Miyoshi H, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Taketo MM, Obama K, Sakai Y. Dual blockade of macropinocytosis and asparagine bioavailability shows synergistic anti-tumor effects on KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:129-141. [PMID: 34543685 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of KRAS gene are found in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite intense efforts, no pharmacological approaches are expected to be effective against KRAS-mutant cancers. Macropinocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved actin-dependent endocytic process that internalizes extracellular fluids into large vesicles called macropinosomes. Recent studies have revealed macropinocytosis's important role in metabolic adaptation to nutrient stress in cancer cells harboring KRAS mutations. Here we showed that KRAS-mutant CRC cells enhanced macropinocytosis for tumor growth under nutrient-depleted conditions. We also demonstrated that activation of Rac1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase were involved in macropinocytosis of KRAS-mutant CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that macropinocytosis was closely correlated with asparagine metabolism. In KRAS-mutant CRC cells engineered with knockdown of asparagine synthetase, macropinocytosis was accelerated under glutamine-depleted condition, and albumin addition could restore the glutamine depletion-induced growth suppression by recovering the intracellular asparagine level. Finally, we discovered that the combination of macropinocytosis inhibition and asparagine depletion dramatically suppressed the tumor growth of KRAS-mutant CRC cells in vivo. These results indicate that dual blockade of macropinocytosis and asparagine bioavailability could be a novel therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hanada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Gen Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Masui
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michio Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusaku Honma
- Department of Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Uji Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Chan SW, Shafi T, Ford RC. Kite-Shaped Molecules Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry at a Post-Attachment Step. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112306. [PMID: 34835112 PMCID: PMC8619434 DOI: 10.3390/v13112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral small molecules are currently lacking for treating coronavirus infection. The long development timescales for such drugs are a major problem, but could be shortened by repurposing existing drugs. We therefore screened a small library of FDA-approved compounds for potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antivirals using a pseudovirus system that allows a sensitive read-out of infectivity. A group of structurally-related compounds, showing moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the 2–5 μM range, were identified. Further studies demonstrated that these “kite-shaped” molecules were surprisingly specific for SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 and that they acted early in the entry steps of the viral infectious cycle, but did not affect virus attachment to the cells. Moreover, the compounds were able to prevent infection in both kidney- and lung-derived human cell lines. The structural homology of the hits allowed the production of a well-defined pharmacophore that was found to be highly accurate in predicting the anti-viral activity of the compounds in the screen. We discuss the prospects of repurposing these existing drugs for treating current and future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Synthesis, Self-Assembly and In Vitro Cellular Uptake Kinetics of Nanosized Drug Carriers Based on Aggregates of Amphiphilic Oligomers of N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205977. [PMID: 34683572 PMCID: PMC8538878 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems is a major breakthrough in pharmacology, promising targeted delivery and reduction in drug toxicity. On the cellular level, encapsulation of a drug substantially affects the endocytic processes due to nanocarrier–membrane interaction. In this study we synthesized and characterized nanocarriers assembled from amphiphilic oligomers of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with a terminal thiooctadecyl group (PVP-OD). It was found that the dissolution free energy of PVP-OD depends linearly on the molecular mass of its hydrophilic part up to M¯n = 2 × 104, leading to an exponential dependence of critical aggregation concentration (CAC) on the molar mass. A model hydrophobic compound (DiI dye) was loaded into the nanocarriers and exhibited slow release into the aqueous phase on a scale of 18 h. Cellular uptake of the loaded nanocarriers and that of free DiI were compared in vitro using glioblastoma (U87) and fibroblast (CRL2429) cells. While the uptake of both DiI/PVP-OD nanocarriers and free DiI was inhibited by dynasore, indicating a dynamin-dependent endocytic pathway as a major mechanism, a decrease in the uptake rate of free DiI was observed in the presence of wortmannin. This suggests that while macropinocytosis plays a role in the uptake of low-molecular components, this pathway might be circumvented by incorporation of DiI into nanocarriers.
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Knyazev E, Nersisyan S, Tonevitsky A. Endocytosis and Transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Across the Intestinal Epithelium and Other Tissue Barriers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636966. [PMID: 34557180 PMCID: PMC8452982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2003, the world has been confronted with three new betacoronaviruses that cause human respiratory infections: SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mechanisms of coronavirus transmission and dissemination in the human body determine the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. An important problem is the possibility that viral particles overcome tissue barriers such as the intestine, respiratory tract, blood-brain barrier, and placenta. In this work, we will 1) consider the issue of endocytosis and the possibility of transcytosis and paracellular trafficking of coronaviruses across tissue barriers with an emphasis on the intestinal epithelium; 2) discuss the possibility of antibody-mediated transcytosis of opsonized viruses due to complexes of immunoglobulins with their receptors; 3) assess the possibility of the virus transfer into extracellular vesicles during intracellular transport; and 4) describe the clinical significance of these processes. Models of the intestinal epithelium and other barrier tissues for in vitro transcytosis studies will also be briefly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Knyazev
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
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Vautrot V, Bentayeb H, Causse S, Garrido C, Gobbo J. Tumor-Derived Exosomes: Hidden Players in PD-1/PD-L1 Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184537. [PMID: 34572764 PMCID: PMC8467727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have garnered increasing importance in cancer therapy, leading to substantial improvements in patient care and survival. However, a certain proportion of patients present tumors that resist these treatments. Exosomes, small vesicles secreted by almost every cell, including tumor cells, have proven to be key actors in this resistance. In this review, we describe the involvement of immune checkpoints and immune modulators in tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) in the context of cancer. We will focus on the most promising proteins under scrutiny for use in combination with PD-1 blockade therapy in a clinical setting: PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD73/39, LAG-3, and TIGIT. Finally, we will discuss how they can change the game in immunotherapy, notably through their role in immunoresistance and how they can guide therapeutic decisions, as well as the current obstacles in the field. Abstract Recently, immunotherapy has garnered increasing importance in cancer therapy, leading to substantial improvements in patient care and survival. By blocking the immune checkpoints—protein regulators of the immune system—immunotherapy prevents immune tolerance toward tumors and reactivates the immune system, prompting it to fight cancer cell growth and diffusion. A widespread strategy for this is the blockade of the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1. However, while patients generally respond well to immunotherapy, a certain proportion of patients present tumors that resist these treatments. This portion can be very high in some cancers and hinders cancer curability. For this reason, current efforts are focusing on combining PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy with the targeting of other immune checkpoints to counter resistance and achieve better results. Exosomes, small vesicles secreted by almost any cell, including tumor cells, have proven to be key actors in this resistance. The exosomes released by tumor cells spread the immune-suppressive properties of the tumor throughout the tumor microenvironment and participate in establishing metastatic niches. In this review, we will describe immune checkpoints and immune modulators whose presence in tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) has been established. We will focus on the most promising proteins under scrutiny for use in combination with PD-1 blockade therapy in a clinical setting, such as PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD73/39, LAG-3, and TIGIT. We will explore the immunosuppressive impact of these exosomal proteins on a variety of immune cells. Finally, we will discuss how they can change the game in immunotherapy and guide therapeutic decisions, as well as the current limits of this approach. Depending on the viewpoint, these exosomal proteins may either provide key missing information on tumor growth and resistance mechanisms or they may be the next big challenge to overcome in improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Vautrot
- Research Center UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, INSERM, F-21000 Dijon, France; (V.V.); (H.B.); (S.C.); (C.G.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences de la Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Hafidha Bentayeb
- Research Center UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, INSERM, F-21000 Dijon, France; (V.V.); (H.B.); (S.C.); (C.G.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences de la Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Causse
- Research Center UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, INSERM, F-21000 Dijon, France; (V.V.); (H.B.); (S.C.); (C.G.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences de la Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- Research Center UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, INSERM, F-21000 Dijon, France; (V.V.); (H.B.); (S.C.); (C.G.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences de la Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Gobbo
- Research Center UMR 1231, Label Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer and LipSTIC, INSERM, F-21000 Dijon, France; (V.V.); (H.B.); (S.C.); (C.G.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences de la Santé, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Early Phase Unit INCa CLIP², Department of Oncology, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Clinical Investigation Center CIC1432, Module Plurithématique, INSERM, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Xu C, Zou H, Yu X, Xie Y, Cai J, Shang Q, Ouyang N, Wang Y, Xu P, He Z, Wu H. Repurposing FDA-Approved Compounds for the Discovery of Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors as Drugs Against Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:877-881. [PMID: 33377311 PMCID: PMC8409088 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative causes of dementia, the pathology of which is still not much clear. It's challenging to discover the disease modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of AD over the years. Emerging evidence has been accumulated to reveal the crucial role of up-regulated glutaminyl cyclase (QC) in the initiation of AD. In the current study, the QC inhibitory potency of a library consisting of 1621 FDA-approved compounds was assessed. A total of 54 hits, 3.33 % of the pool, exhibited QC inhibitory activities. The Ki of the top 5 compounds with the highest QC inhibitory activities were measured. Among these selected hits, compounds affecting neuronal signaling pathways and other mechanisms were recognized. Moreover, several polyphenol derivatives with QC inhibitory activities were also identified. Frameworks and subsets contained in these hits were analyzed. Taken together, our results may contribute to the discovery and development of novel QC inhibitors as potential anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Haoman Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Yazhou Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiaxin Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Qi Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Na Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Yinan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Pan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
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Contursi A, Schiavone S, Dovizio M, Hinz C, Fullone R, Tacconelli S, Tyrrell VJ, Grande R, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, Zucchelli M, Ballerini P, Lanas A, O'Donnell VB, Patrignani P. Platelets induce free and phospholipid-esterified 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid generation in colon cancer cells by delivering 12-lipoxygenase. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100109. [PMID: 34428433 PMCID: PMC8456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets promote tumor metastasis by inducing promalignant phenotypes in cancer cells and directly contributing to cancer-related thrombotic complications. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, which confers high-grade malignancy. 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) generated by platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is considered a key modulator of cancer metastasis through unknown mechanisms. In platelets, 12-HETE can be esterified into plasma membrane phospholipids (PLs), which drive thrombosis. Using cocultures of human platelets and human colon adenocarcinoma cells (line HT29) and LC-MS/MS, we investigated the impact of platelets on cancer cell biosynthesis of 12S-HETE and its esterification into PLs and whether platelet ability to transfer its molecular cargo might play a role. To this aim, we performed coculture experiments with CFSE[5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester]-loaded platelets. HT29 cells did not generate 12S-HETE or express 12-LOX. However, they acquired the capacity to produce 12S-HETE mainly esterified in plasmalogen phospholipid forms following the uptake of platelet-derived medium-sized EVs (mEVs) expressing 12-LOX. 12-LOX was detected in plasma mEV of patients with adenomas/adenocarcinomas, implying their potential to deliver the protein to cancer cells in vivo. In cancer cells exposed to platelets, endogenous but not exogenous 12S-HETE contributed to changes in EMT gene expression, mitigated by three structurally unrelated 12-LOX inhibitors. In conclusion, we showed that platelets induce the generation of primarily esterified 12-HETE in colon cancer cells following mEV-mediated delivery of 12-LOX. The modification of cancer cell phospholipids by 12-HETE may functionally impact cancer cell biology and represent a novel target for anticancer agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Schiavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christine Hinz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Fullone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalia Grande
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angel Lanas
- University Hospital LB, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISAragon), CIBERehd, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Fontana S, Bella MAD, Pope MR, Parrino B, Cascioferro SM, Vistoli G, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Arena GO, Woo G, Huang K, Huynh T, Moschetti M, Alessandro R, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Itraconazole inhibits nuclear delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo by disrupting the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12132. [PMID: 34429859 PMCID: PMC8363911 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions, including the induction of pro-metastatic traits, but it is not yet known how and where functional cargoes of EVs are delivered to their targets in host cell compartments. We have described that after endocytosis, EVs reach Rab7+ late endosomes and a fraction of these enter the nucleoplasmic reticulum and transport EV biomaterials to the host cell nucleoplasm. Their entry therein and docking to outer nuclear membrane occur through a tripartite complex formed by the proteins VAP-A, ORP3 and Rab7 (VOR complex). Here, we report that the antifungal compound itraconazole (ICZ), but not its main metabolite hydroxy-ICZ or ketoconazole, disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3-VAP-A complexes, leading to inhibition of EV-mediated pro-metastatic morphological changes including cell migration behaviour of colon cancer cells. With novel, smaller chemical drugs, inhibition of the VOR complex was maintained, although the ICZ moieties responsible for antifungal activity and interference with intracellular cholesterol distribution were removed. Knowing that cancer cells hijack their microenvironment and that EVs derived from them determine the pre-metastatic niche, small-sized inhibitors of nuclear transfer of EV cargo into host cells could find cancer therapeutic applications, particularly in combination with direct targeting of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Santos
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Stella Maria Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Goffredo O. Arena
- Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Fondazione Istituto G. GiglioCefalùItaly
| | - Gyunghwi Woo
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Kevin Huang
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Tony Huynh
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
- Mediterranean Institute of OncologyViagrandeItaly
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716407. [PMID: 34394121 PMCID: PMC8355618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Intracellular delivery of oxaliplatin conjugate via cell penetrating peptide for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120904. [PMID: 34293467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pt-based drugs are one of the main active agents in colorectal cancer treatment. However, drug resistance and dose-dependent side effects are the main barriers that restrict their clinical applications. As an alternative approach to these issues, we designed and synthesized a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) octaarginine-oxaliplatin conjugate that quickly and successfully delivered oxaliplatin into colon cancer cells. The CPP octaarginine is a well-studied cationic peptide that can play a role as a drug delivery vector. In this work, an octaarginine CPP (RRRRRRRR) was conjugated with oxaliplatin via a specific heterobifunctional linker. The in vitro studies showed the conjugate had affinity toward mitochondria inside cells and the MTT assay confirmed that conjugate is active in low micromolar range against colon cancer cells, requiring much lower concentrations than the oxaliplatin alone to reach IC50. More importantly, in the in vivo mouse study, the conjugate effectively inhibited tumor growth and showed considerably high antitumor activity, demonstrating the conjugate can perform well in vivo. This strategy may offer a new approach for designing oxaliplatin derivatives or prodrugs with remarkable therapeutic capabilities.
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50
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Varma S, Dey S, S P D. Cellular Uptake Pathways of Nanoparticles: Process of Endocytosis and Factors Affecting Their Fate. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:679-706. [PMID: 34264182 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210714145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient and controlled internalization of NPs into the cells depends on their physicochemical properties and dynamics of the plasma membrane. NPs-cell interaction is a complex process that decides the fate of NPs internalization through different endocytosis pathways. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to highlight the physicochemical properties of synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) and their interaction with the cellular-dynamics and pathways like phagocytosis, pinocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin, and caveolae-mediated endocytosis and the involvement of effector proteins domain such as clathrin, AP2, caveolin, Arf6, Cdc42, dynamin and cell surface receptors during the endocytosis process of NPs. METHOD An electronic search was performed to explore the focused reviews and research articles on types of endocytosis and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their impact on cellular internalizations. The search was limited to peer-reviewed journals in the PubMed database. RESULTS This article discusses in detail how different types of NPs and their physicochemical properties such as size, shape, aspect ratio, surface charge, hydrophobicity, elasticity, stiffness, corona formation, surface functionalization changes the pattern of endocytosis in the presence of different pharmacological blockers. Some external forces like a magnetic field, electric field, and ultrasound exploit the cell membrane dynamics to permeabilize them for efficient internalization with respect to fundamental principles of membrane bending and pore formation. CONCLUSION This review will be useful to attract and guide the audience to understand the endocytosis mechanism and their pattern with respect to physicochemical properties of NPs to improve their efficacy and targeting to achieve the impactful outcome in drug-delivery and theranostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanabal S P
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytopharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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