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Jin K, Chen B, Han S, Dong J, Cheng S, Qin B, Lu J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves Cognitive Impairment and Intestinal Microecological Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0384. [PMID: 38826566 PMCID: PMC11140411 DOI: 10.34133/research.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown effectiveness in both weight loss and cognitive improvement, although the exact mechanism is still unknown. Our study examined the effects of rTMS on the brain and intestinal microecological dysfunction. rTMS successfully reduced cognitive decline caused by an HFD in behavioral assessments involving the Y maze and novel object recognition. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of new neurons and the transcription level of genes related to synaptic plasticity (spindlin 1, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic protein-95) in the hippocampus. It was reached that rTMS decreased the release of high mobility group box 1, activation of microglia, and inflammation in the brains of HFD rats. rTMS also reduced hypothalamic hypocretin levels and improved peripheral blood lipid metabolism. In addition, rTMS recovered the HFD-induced gut microbiome imbalances, metabolic disorders, and, in particular, reduced levels of the microvirus. Our research emphasized that rTMS enhanced cognitive abilities, resulting in positive impacts on brain inflammation, neurodegeneration, and the microbiota in the gut, indicating the potential connection between the brain and gut, proposing that rTMS could be a new approach to addressing cognitive deficits linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Jingyi Dong
- School of Life Sciences,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bin Qin
- School of Life Sciences,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
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2
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Chen D, Wang Y, Yang J, Ou W, Lin G, Zeng Z, Lu X, Chen Z, Zou L, Tian Y, Wu A, Keating SE, Yang Q, Lin C, Liang Y. Shenling Baizhu San ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1343755. [PMID: 38720776 PMCID: PMC11076757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1343755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its related mortality is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to offer potential for early prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The new mechanism of "Shenling Baizhu San" (SLBZS) is examined in this study for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD at the preclinical level. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), western diet + CCl4 injection (WDC), and SLBZS intervention (WDC + SLBZS). Body weights, energy intake, liver enzymes, pro-inflammatory factors, and steatosis were recorded in detail. Meanwhile, TPH1, 5-HT, HTR2A, and HTR2B were tested using qRT-PCR or ELISA. Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites were further detected through the 16S rRNA gene and untargeted metabolomics. Results: SLBZS intervention for 6 weeks could reduce the serum and liver lipid profiles, glucose, and pro-inflammatory factors while improving insulin resistance and liver function indexes in the mice, thus alleviating NAFLD in mice. More importantly, significant changes were found in the intestinal TPH-1, 5-HT, liver 5-HT, and related receptors HTR2A and HTR2B. The 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that SLBZS was able to modulate the disturbance of gut microbiota, remarkably increasing the relative abundance of probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Parvibacter) and inhibiting the growth of pro-inflammatory bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridium and Lachnoclostridium) in mice with NAFLD. Combined with metabolomics in positive- and negative-ion-mode analyses, approximately 50 common differential metabolites were selected via non-targeted metabolomics detection, which indicated that the targeting effect of SLBZS included lipid metabolites, bile acids (BAs), amino acids (AAs), and tryptophan metabolites. In particular, the lipid metabolites 15-OxEDE, vitamin D3, desoxycortone, and oleoyl ethanol amide were restored by SLBZS. Conclusion: Integrating the above results of multiple omics suggests that SLBZS ameliorates NAFLD via specific gut microbiota, gut-derived 5-HT, and related metabolites to decrease fat accumulation in the liver and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanyi Ou
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiru Lin
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zumin Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Zou
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaling Tian
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shelley E. Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qinhe Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenli Lin
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinji Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Health Science Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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3
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Bottiroli S, Greco R, Franco V, Zanaboni A, Palmisani M, Vaghi G, Sances G, De Icco R, Tassorelli C. Peripheral Endocannabinoid Components and Lipid Plasma Levels in Patients with Resistant Migraine and Co-Morbid Personality and Psychological Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1893. [PMID: 38339171 PMCID: PMC10855606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistant migraine characterizes those patients who have failed at least three classes of migraine prophylaxis. These difficult-to-treat patients are likely to be characterized by a high prevalence of psychological disturbances. A dysfunction of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), including alteration in the levels of endocannabinoid congeners, may underlie several psychiatric disorders and the pathogenesis of migraines. Here we explored whether the peripheral gene expression of major components of the ECS and the plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipids are associated with psychological disorders in resistant migraine. Fifty-one patients (age = 46.0 ± 11.7) with resistant migraine received a comprehensive psychological evaluation according to the DSM-5 criteria. Among the patients, 61% had personality disorders (PD) and 61% had mood disorders (MD). Several associations were found between these psychological disorders and peripheral ECS alterations. Lower plasma levels of palmitoiletanolamide (PEA) were found in the PD group compared with the non-PD group. The MD group was characterized by lower mRNA levels of diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) and CB2 (cannabinoid-2) receptor. The results suggest the existence of peripheral dysfunction in some components of the ECS and an alteration in plasma levels of PEA in patients with resistant migraine and mood or personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bottiroli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (G.V.); (R.D.I.); (C.T.)
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Valentina Franco
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Zanaboni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (G.V.); (R.D.I.); (C.T.)
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Michela Palmisani
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Vaghi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (G.V.); (R.D.I.); (C.T.)
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Grazia Sances
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto De Icco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (G.V.); (R.D.I.); (C.T.)
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (G.V.); (R.D.I.); (C.T.)
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.F.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
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Pinna G. Role of PPAR-Allopregnanolone Signaling in Behavioral and Inflammatory Gut-Brain Axis Communications. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:609-618. [PMID: 37156350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates emotional behavior, stress responses, and inflammatory processes by communicating with the brain. How and which neurobiological mediators underlie this communication remain poorly understood. PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α), a transcription factor susceptible to epigenetic modifications, regulates pathophysiological functions, including metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and behavior. Mood disorders, inflammatory processes, and obesity are intertwined phenomena that are associated with low blood concentrations of the anti-inflammatory and "endogenous tranquilizer" neurosteroid allopregnanolone and poor PPAR-α function. Stress and consumption of obesogenic diets repress PPAR function in brain, enterocytes, lipocytes, and immune modulatory cells favoring inflammation, lipogenesis, and mood instability. Conversely, micronutrients and modulators of PPAR-α function improve microbiome composition, dampen systemic inflammation and lipogenesis, and improve anxiety and depression. In rodent stress models of anxiety and depression, PPAR activation normalizes both PPAR-α expression downregulation and decreased allopregnanolone content and ameliorates depressive-like behavior and fear responses. PPAR-α is known to regulate metabolic and inflammatory processes activated by short-chain fatty acids; endocannabinoids and congeners, such as N-palmitoylethanolamide, drugs that treat dyslipidemias; and micronutrients, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both PPAR-α and allopregnanolone are abundantly expressed in the colon, and they exert potent anti-inflammatory actions by blocking the toll-like receptor-4-nuclear factor-κB pathway in peripheral immune cells, neurons, and glia. The perspective that PPAR-α regulation in the colon by gut microbiota or metabolites influences central allopregnanolone content after trafficking to the brain, thereby serving as a mediator of gut-brain axis communications, is examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois Center on Depression and Resilience, and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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5
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Pirozzi C, Coretti L, Opallo N, Bove M, Annunziata C, Comella F, Turco L, Lama A, Trabace L, Meli R, Lembo F, Mattace Raso G. Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts high-fat diet-induced gut dysfunction by reprogramming microbiota composition and affecting tryptophan metabolism. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143004. [PMID: 37599675 PMCID: PMC10434518 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding-induced obesity in mice induces dysbiosis, causing a shift toward bacteria-derived metabolites with detrimental effects on metabolism and inflammation: events often contributing to the onset and progression of both GI and CNS disorders. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator with beneficial effects in mouse models of GI and CNS disorders. However, the mechanisms underlining its enteroprotective and neuroprotective effects still need to be fully understood. Here, we aimed to study the effects of PEA on intestinal inflammation and microbiota alterations resulting from lipid overnutrition. Ultramicronized PEA (30 mg/kg/die per os) was administered to HFD-fed mice for 7 weeks starting at the 12th week of HFD regimen. At the termination of the study, the effects of PEA on inflammatory factors and cells, gut microbial features and tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine metabolism were evaluated. PEA regulates the crosstalk between the host immune system and gut microbiota via rebalancing colonic TRP metabolites. PEA treatment reduced intestinal immune cell recruitment, inflammatory response triggered by HFD feeding, and corticotropin-releasing hormone levels. In particular, PEA modulated HFD-altered TRP metabolism in the colon, rebalancing serotonin (5-HT) turnover and reducing kynurenine levels. These effects were associated with a reshaping of gut microbiota composition through increased butyrate-promoting/producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Oscillospiraceae and Turicibacter sanguinis, with the latter also described as 5-HT sensor. These data indicate that the rebuilding of gut microbiota following PEA supplementation promotes host 5-HT biosynthesis, which is crucial in regulating intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorena Coretti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Turco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jia S, Wang R, Zhang D, Guan Z, Ding T, Zhang J, Zhao X. Quercetin modulates the liver metabolic profile in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model based on metabolomics technology. Food Funct 2023; 14:1726-1739. [PMID: 36722921 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Currently, studies on the pathogenesis of depression are mainly focused on the brain. The liver can modulate brain function via the liver-brain axis, indicating that the liver plays an important role in the development of depression. This study aims to explore the protective effect of quercetin against chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced metabolic changes and the corresponding mechanisms in the rat liver based on untargeted metabolomics technology. In this study, 96 male rats were divided into six groups: control, different doses of quercetin (10 mg per kg bw or 50 mg per kg bw), CUMS, and CUMS + different doses of quercetin. After 8 weeks of CUMS modeling, the liver samples were collected for metabolomics analysis. A total of 17 altered metabolites were identified, including D-glutamic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, lithocholylglycine, L-homocystine, prostaglandin PGE2, leukotriene E4, cholic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylhomocysteine, deoxycholic acid, folic acid, L-methionine, leukotriene C5, estriol-17-glucuronide, PE, and PC, indicating that methionine metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis are the major pathways involved in CUMS-induced hepatic metabolic disorders. Hepatic methylation damage may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, as evidenced by the first discovery of the abnormality of hepatic methionine metabolism. Abnormal changes in hepatic bile acids may provide stronger evidence for depression pathogenesis involving the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suggesting that the liver is involved in depression development and may be a treatment target. The quercetin treatment alleviated the CUMS-induced liver metabolism disorder, suggesting that quercetin may protect against depression by regulating liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Ruijuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Zhiyu Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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8
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Lama A, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Comella F, Opallo N, Melini S, Grumetto L, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R, Ferrante MC. Bisphenol A exacerbates anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation in prefrontal cortex of adult obese mice. Life Sci 2023; 313:121301. [PMID: 36535405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical inducing several damages such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. Obesity is the main risk factor for the increased occurrence of metabolic alterations as well as mood disorders. Here, we investigated in obese mice the effects of BPA on anxiety-like behavior, associated with neuroinflammation and immune activation. MAIN METHODS Male C57Bl/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: control group (STD) receiving chow diet and BPA vehicle; STD group treated with BPA (50 μg/kg/die); high-fat diet (HFD) group receiving BPA vehicle; HFD group treated with BPA. BPA treatment started 12 weeks after HFD feeding and lasted 3 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The open field and elevated plus-maze tests showed in HFD + BPA group the worsening of HFD-induced anxiety-like behavior. The anxiogenic effects of BPA also emerged from hyperactivation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis, determined by the increased transcription of Crh and its receptor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, BPA activated NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbated the neuroinflammation induced by HFD, increasing IL-1β, TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in PFC. Furthermore, it induced inflammation and monocyte recruitment in hypothalamus and amygdala. Contextually, BPA significantly amplified the immune activation caused by lipid overload as evidenced by the increased expression of TLR-4 and MCP-1 in the PFC and triggered mastocytosis in the hypothalamus rather than STD mice. SIGNIFICANCE All these data show that sub-chronic BPA exposure represents an additional risk factor for mood disorders strictly related to obesity, enhancing neuroinflammation and immune activation triggered by HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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The immediate effect of overnutrition and fluoxetine treatment during the critical period of development on the hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105454. [PMID: 36462683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that overnutrition, overweight, and obesity in children can modulate brain mechanisms of plasticity, monoaminergic systems, and mitochondrial function. The immediate effect of overnutrition during the developmental period has not been thoroughly examined in rats until the present. This study sought to evaluate the impact on adult rats of early life overfeeding and fluoxetine treatment from post-natal day 1 (PND1) to post-natal day 21 (PND21) relative to mitochondrial function, oxidative balance, and expression of specific monoaminergic genes in the hippocampus. The following were evaluated: mitochondrial function markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, dopamine-and serotonin-related genes, and BDNF mRNA levels. Overfeeding during the lactation period deregulates cellular metabolism and the monoaminergic systems in the hippocampus. Strikingly, serotonin modulation by fluoxetine treatment protected against some of the effects of early overnutrition. We conclude that overfeeding during brain development induce detrimental effects in mitochondria and in the genes that regulate homeostatic status that can be the molecular mechanisms related to neurological diseases.
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10
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Lu Y, Xu K, Lin D, Wang S, Fu R, Deng X, Croppi G, Zhang J. Multi-omics analysis reveals neuroinflammation, activated glial signaling, and dysregulated synaptic signaling and metabolism in the hippocampus of aged mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964429. [PMID: 36408109 PMCID: PMC9669972 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an intricate biological event that occurs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. During the aging process, the brain, a vulnerable organ, undergoes structural and functional alterations, resulting in behavioral changes. The hippocampus has long been known to be critically associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease during aging; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that altered metabolic and gene expression profiles promote the aging process in the hippocampus. Behavioral tests showed that exploration, locomotion, learning, and memory activities were reduced in aged mice. Metabolomics analysis identified 69 differentially abundant metabolites and showed that the abundance of amino acids, lipids, and microbiota-derived metabolites (MDMs) was significantly altered in hippocampal tissue of aged animals. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 376 differentially expressed genes in the aged hippocampus. A total of 35 differentially abundant metabolites and 119 differentially expressed genes, constituting the top 200 correlations, were employed for the co-expression network. The multi-omics analysis showed that pathways related to inflammation, microglial activation, synapse, cell death, cellular/tissue homeostasis, and metabolism were dysregulated in the aging hippocampus. Our data revealed that metabolic perturbations and gene expression alterations in the aged hippocampus were possibly linked to their behavioral changes in aged mice; we also provide evidence that altered MDMs might mediate the interaction between gut and brain during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinzhong Lu,
| | - Kejia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Junjie Zhang,
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11
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Fadó R, Molins A, Rojas R, Casals N. Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194137. [PMID: 36235789 PMCID: PMC9572450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-504-20-00
| | - Anna Molins
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rocío Rojas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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High-Fat Diet Consumption in Adolescence Induces Emotional Behavior Alterations and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Deficits Accompanied by Excessive Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158316. [PMID: 35955450 PMCID: PMC9368636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental epoch characterized by massive neural circuit remodeling; thus, the brain is particularly vulnerable to environmental influences during this period. Excessive high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, which is very common among adolescents, has long been recognized as a potent risk factor for multiple mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the influences of HFD consumption in adolescence on emotional health are far from clear. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (CD) or HFD for about 4 weeks from postnatal day (P) 28 to P60, spanning most of the adolescence period, and then subjected to behavioral assessments and histological examinations. HFD mice exhibited elevated levels of depression and anxiety, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, and excessive microglial activation in the ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, in HFD-fed mice, microglia showed increased DCX+ inclusions, suggesting aberrant microglial engulfment of newborn neurons in HFD-fed adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first observation suggesting that the negative effects of HFD consumption in adolescence on emotion and neuroplasticity may be attributed at least in part to aberrant microglial engulfment of nascent neurons, extending our understanding of the mechanism underlying HFD-related affective disorders in young people.
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13
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Avagliano C, Coretti L, Lama A, Pirozzi C, De Caro C, De Biase D, Turco L, Mollica MP, Paciello O, Calignano A, Meli R, Lembo F, Mattace Raso G. Dual-Hit Model of Parkinson's Disease: Impact of Dysbiosis on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Insulted Mice-Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Butyrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126367. [PMID: 35742813 PMCID: PMC9223521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights Parkinson’s disease (PD) initiation in the gut as the prodromal phase of neurodegeneration. Gut impairment due to microbial dysbiosis could affect PD pathogenesis and progression. Here, we propose a two-hit model of PD through ceftriaxone (CFX)-induced dysbiosis and gut inflammation before the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) intrastriatal injection to mimic dysfunctional gut-associated mechanisms preceding PD onset. Therefore, we showed that dysbiosis and gut damage amplified PD progression, worsening motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA up to 14 days post intrastriatal injection. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in neuronal dopaminergic loss (reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio). Notably, CFX pretreatment also enhanced systemic and colon inflammation of dual-hit subjected mice. The exacerbated inflammatory response ran in tandem with a worsening of colonic architecture and gut microbiota perturbation. Finally, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of post-biotic sodium butyrate in limiting at once motor deficits, neuroinflammation, and colon damage and re-shaping microbiota composition in this novel dual-hit model of PD. Taken together, the bidirectional communication of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and the recapitulation of PD prodromal/pathogenic features make this new paradigm a useful tool for testing or repurposing new multi-target compounds in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Lorena Coretti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.M.R.); Tel.: +39-081678409 (A.L.); Tel.: +39-081678423 (G.M.R.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Luigia Turco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21 Edificio, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (L.T.); (A.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.M.R.); Tel.: +39-081678409 (A.L.); Tel.: +39-081678423 (G.M.R.)
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14
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Lama A, Pirozzi C, Severi I, Morgese MG, Senzacqua M, Annunziata C, Comella F, Del Piano F, Schiavone S, Petrosino S, Mollica MP, Diano S, Trabace L, Calignano A, Giordano A, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Palmitoylethanolamide dampens neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior in obese mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:110-123. [PMID: 35176443 PMCID: PMC10662208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to obesity and a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, named metainflammation. Notably, metainflammation contributes to neuroinflammation due to the increased levels of circulating free fatty acids and cytokines. It indicates a strict interplay between peripheral and central counterparts in the pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-related mood disorders. In this context, the impairment of internal hypothalamic circuitry runs in tandem with the alteration of other brain areas associated with emotional processing (i.e., hippocampus and amygdala). Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid mediator belonging to the N-acylethanolamines family, has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects both at central and peripheral level. Our study aimed to elucidate PEA capability in limiting obesity-induced anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation-related features in an experimental model of HFD-fed obese mice. PEA treatment promoted an improvement in anxiety-like behavior of obese mice and the systemic inflammation, reducing serum pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, LPS). In the amygdala, PEA increased dopamine turnover, as well as GABA levels. PEA also counteracted the overactivation of HPA axis, reducing the expression of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone and its type 1 receptor. Moreover, PEA attenuated the immunoreactivity of Iba-1 and GFAP and reduced pro-inflammatory pathways and cytokine production in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus. This finding, together with the reduced transcription of mast cell markers (chymase 1 and tryptase β2) in the hippocampus, indicated the weakening of immune cell activation underlying the neuroprotective effect of PEA. Obesity-driven neuroinflammation was also associated with the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the hippocampus. PEA limited the albumin extravasation and restored tight junction transcription modified by HFD. To gain mechanistic insight, we designed an in vitro model of metabolic injury using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells insulted by a mix of glucosamine and glucose. Here, PEA directly counteracted inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a PPAR-α-dependent manner since the pharmacological blockade of the receptor reverted its effects. Our results strengthen the therapeutic potential of PEA in obesity-related neuropsychiatric comorbidities, controlling neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and neurotransmitter imbalance involved in behavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10, A - 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10, A - 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte, Sant'Angelo, Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21 - Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Program in Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 - 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10, A - 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
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15
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Pan X, Chen K, Han S, Luo X, Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Li J, Fang J, Wang S, Ye X. Total Triterpenes of Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden & Gilb Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model and Regulates the Levels of Neurotransmitters, HPA Axis and NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:793525. [PMID: 35237160 PMCID: PMC8883346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.793525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:Wolfiporia cocos is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat depression. However, antidepressant-like effects of the main active ingredients of Wolfiporia cocos, total triterpenes of Wolfiporia cocos (TTWC), are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate those effects and explore their specific mechanisms of action in depth. Methods: Chemical components of TTWC were analyzed using LC-MS. Depression-like behavior in rats were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The suppressive effects of TTWC (60, 120, 240 mg/kg) against CUMS-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT). Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutamate (GLU), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in different groups were determined by ELISA. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1beta, IL-1beta, pro-IL-18, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18 were detected by RT-PCR. Results: A total of 69 lanostane-type triterpene acids of TTWC were identified. The results showed that TTWC exhibited an antidepressant-like effect in CUMS rats, reversed the decreased sugar preference in the SPT, reduction of immobility time in the FST, reduced the rest time, increased the total moving distance in the OFT. TTWC increased 5-HT levels and decreased GLU levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, TTWC decreased CRH levels in serum, indicating the regulation of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, reduced serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. The WB results implied that TTWC inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex and enhanced the expression of pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1beta, and pro-IL-18. Although most of the results were not significant, PCR results showed that TTWC inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: TTWC treatment exerted an antidepressant-like effect and regulates neurotransmitters, HPA axis and NLRP3 signaling pathway. These results indicated the potential of TTWC in preventing the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhuo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijie Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingxian Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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16
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Annunziata C, Pirozzi C, Lama A, Senzacqua M, Comella F, Bordin A, Monnolo A, Pelagalli A, Ferrante MC, Mollica MP, Iossa A, De Falco E, Mattace Raso G, Cinti S, Giordano A, Meli R. Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes White-to-Beige Conversion and Metabolic Reprogramming of Adipocytes: Contribution of PPAR-α. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020338. [PMID: 35214069 PMCID: PMC8880285 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue against obesity has been recognized. Browning, or beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the remodeling of adipocytes and the improvement of their metabolic and secretory functions. Here, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) restore the plasticity of brown and white adipocytes impaired in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Young male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control (STD) diet or HFD for 12 weeks. Ultramicronized PEA (30 mg/kg/die p.o.) was administered for an additional 7 weeks, together with HFD. PEA recovered interscapular brown fat morphology and function, increasing UCP1 positivity, noradrenergic innervation, and inducing the mRNA transcription of several specialized thermogenic genes. PEA promotes the beige-conversion of the subcutaneous WAT, increasing thermogenic markers and restoring leptin signaling and tissue hormone sensitivity. The pivotal role of lipid-sensing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α in PEA effects was determined in mature 3T3-L1. Moreover, PEA improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in mature adipocytes measured by a Seahorse analyzer and induced metabolic machinery via AMPK phosphorylation. All these outcomes were dampened by the receptor antagonist GW6471. Finally, PEA induced adipogenic differentiation and increased AMPK phosphorylation in human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) obtained from subcutaneous WAT of normal-weight patients and patients with obesity. We identify PEA and PPAR-α activation as the main mechanism by which PEA can rewire energy-storing white into energy-consuming brown-like adipocytes via multiple and converging effects that restore WAT homeostasis and metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Anna Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Iossa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocenter, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-167-8413 (ext. 80131)
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17
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Colizzi M, Bortoletto R, Colli C, Bonomo E, Pagliaro D, Maso E, Di Gennaro G, Balestrieri M. Therapeutic effect of palmitoylethanolamide in cognitive decline: A systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical evidence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1038122. [PMID: 36387000 PMCID: PMC9650099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1038122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative processes involving excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, inflammation, and microvascular and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Interestingly, research evidence suggests upregulated synthesis of lipid signaling molecules as an endogenous attempt to contrast such neurodegeneration-related pathophysiological mechanisms, restore homeostatic balance, and prevent further damage. Among these naturally occurring molecules, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been independently associated with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, raising interest into the possibility that its supplementation might represent a novel therapeutic approach in supporting the body-own regulation of many pathophysiological processes potentially contributing to neurocognitive disorders. Here, we systematically reviewed all human and animal studies examining PEA and its biobehavioral correlates in neurocognitive disorders, finding 33 eligible outputs. Studies conducted in animal models of neurodegeneration indicate that PEA improves neurobehavioral functions, including memory and learning, by reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory and astrocyte marker expression as well as rebalancing glutamatergic transmission. PEA was found to promote neurogenesis, especially in the hippocampus, neuronal viability and survival, and microtubule-associated protein 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, while inhibiting mast cell infiltration/degranulation and astrocyte activation. It also demonstrated to mitigate β-amyloid-induced astrogliosis, by modulating lipid peroxidation, protein nytrosylation, inducible nitric oxide synthase induction, reactive oxygen species production, caspase3 activation, amyloidogenesis, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Such effects were related to PEA ability to indirectly activate cannabinoid receptors and modulate proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activity. Importantly, preclinical evidence suggests that PEA may act as a disease-modifying-drug in the early stage of a neurocognitive disorder, while its protective effect in the frank disorder may be less relevant. Limited human research suggests that PEA supplementation reduces fatigue and cognitive impairment, the latter being also meta-analytically confirmed in 3 eligible studies. PEA improved global executive function, working memory, language deficits, daily living activities, possibly by modulating cortical oscillatory activity and GABAergic transmission. There is currently no established cure for neurocognitive disorders but only treatments to temporarily reduce symptom severity. In the search for compounds able to protect against the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neurocognitive disorders, PEA may represent a valid therapeutic option to prevent neurodegeneration and support endogenous repair processes against disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colizzi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Bortoletto
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Colli
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Bonomo
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Pagliaro
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Maso
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Gennaro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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18
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de Paula GC, Brunetta HS, Engel DF, Gaspar JM, Velloso LA, Engblom D, de Oliveira J, de Bem AF. Hippocampal Function Is Impaired by a Short-Term High-Fat Diet in Mice: Increased Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuroinflammation as Triggering Events. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:734158. [PMID: 34803583 PMCID: PMC8600238 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.734158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, and especially in Western civilizations, most of the staple diets contain high amounts of fat and refined carbohydrates, leading to an increasing number of obese individuals. In addition to inducing metabolic disorders, energy dense food intake has been suggested to impair brain functions such as cognition and mood control. Here we demonstrate an impaired memory function already 3 days after the start of a high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, and depressive-like behavior, in the tail suspension test, after 5 days. These changes were followed by reduced synaptic density, changes in mitochondrial function and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. Preceding or coinciding with the behavioral changes, we found an induction of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and an increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), in the hippocampus. Finally, in mice treated with a TNF-α inhibitor, the behavioral and BBB alterations caused by HFD-feeding were mitigated suggesting that inflammatory signaling was critical for the changes. In summary, our findings suggest that HFD rapidly triggers hippocampal dysfunction associated with BBB disruption and neuroinflammation, promoting a progressive breakdown of synaptic and metabolic function. In addition to elucidating the link between diet and cognitive function, our results might be relevant for the comprehension of the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristina de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Henver S Brunetta
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Physiological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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19
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Campolo M, Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cardali SM, Ardizzone A, Casili G, Scuderi SA, Siracusa R, Esposito E, Conti A, Cuzzocrea S. Co-Ultra PEALut Enhances Endogenous Repair Response Following Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168717. [PMID: 34445417 PMCID: PMC8395716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the neuro-regenerative properties of co-ultramicronized PEALut (Glialia®), composed of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and the flavonoid luteolin (Lut), in an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and patients affected by moderate TBI. An increase in neurogenesis was seen in the mice at 72 h and 7 d after TBI. The co-ultra PEALut treatment helped the neuronal reconstitution process to restore the basal level of both novel and mature neurons; moreover, it induced a significant upregulation of the neurotrophic factors, which ultimately led to progress in terms of memory recall during behavioral testing. Moreover, our preliminary findings in a clinical trial suggested that Glialia® treatment facilitated neural recovery on working memory. Thus, co-ultra PEALut (Glialia®) could represent a valuable therapeutic agent for intensifying the endogenous repair response in order to better treat TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | | | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Alfredo Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
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20
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Budde H, Imperatori C, Machado S, Yamamoto T, Yadollahpour A, Torterolo P. In vivo brain levels of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine after oleoylethanolamide or palmitoylethanolamide administrations are mediated by PPARα engagement. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5932-5950. [PMID: 34396611 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor that has been linked to the modulation of several physiological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. The PPARα recognizes as endogenous ligands the lipids oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which in turn, if systemically injected, they exert wake-promoting effects. Moreover, the activation of PPARα by the administration of OEA or PEA increases the extracellular contents of neurotransmitters linked to the control of wakefulness; however, the role of PPARα activated by OEA or PEA on additional biochemicals related to waking regulation, such as acetylcholine (ACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), has not been fully studied. Here, we have investigated the effects of treatments of OEA or PEA on the contents of ACh and 5-HT by using in vivo microdialysis techniques coupled to HPLC means. For this purpose, OEA or PEA were systemically injected (5, 10 or 30 mg/kg; i.p.), and the levels of ACh and 5-HT were collected from the basal forebrain, a wake-related brain area. These pharmacological treatments significantly increased the contents of ACh and 5-HT as determined by HPLC procedures. Interestingly, PPARα antagonist MK-886 (30 mg/kg; i.p.) injected before the treatments of OEA or PEA blocked these outcomes. Our data suggest that the activation of PPARα by OEA or PEA produces significant changes on ACh and 5-HT levels measured from the basal forebrain and support the conclusion that PPARα is a suitable molecular element involved in the regulation of wake-related neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ali Yadollahpour
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Sanyo-Onoda City University (Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi), Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
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22
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Wang P, Gao X, Zhao F, Gao Y, Wang K, Tian JS, Li Z, Qin XM. Study of the Neurotransmitter Changes Adjusted by Circadian Rhythm in Depression Based on Liver Transcriptomics and Correlation Analysis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2151-2166. [PMID: 34060807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has drawn increasing attention from the public around the world in recent years. Studies have shown that liver injury caused by chronic stress is relevant to depression and neurotransmitter changes. It is essential to clarify the relationship between neurotransmitter changes and hepatic gene expression in depression. In this study, we used the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model combined with UHPLC-MS to explore the changes of neurotransmitters in serum and hippocampus and to decipher the differential gene expression in the liver by using the RNA-Seq combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Compared with the control group, the levels of neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine, glutamate (Glu), and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus and 5-HT, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in serum were significantly changed in the CUMS rats. The results of liver transcriptomic analysis and correlation analysis showed that the Glu, DA, 5-HT, and GABA were impacted by 68 liver genes which were mainly enriched in three pathways including circadian rhythm, serotonergic synapse, and p53 signaling pathway. The expressive levels of clock genes and serotonergic synapse genes were validated by using q-PCR, and the diurnal rhythms of neurotransmitters were validated by in vivo hippocampus microdialysis. The CUMS stressors might cause phase advance of Glu and GABA by adjusting clock genes. The transcriptomic technique combined with correlation analysis and in vivo microdialysis could be used to discover comprehensive pathways of depression. It provides a new strategy for the rational assessment of the mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry Education of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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23
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Sublingual AKBA Exerts Antidepressant Effects in the Aβ-Treated Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050686. [PMID: 34063630 PMCID: PMC8170916 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the most active compound of Boswellia serrata proposed for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized in its early phase by alteration in mood. Accordingly, we have previously demonstrated that an intracerebroventricular injection of soluble amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) peptide evokes a depressive-like phenotype in rats. We tested the protective effects of AKBA in the mouse model of an Aβ-induced depressive-like phenotype. We evaluated the depressive-like behavior by using the tail suspension test (TST) and the splash test (ST). Behavioral analyses were accompanied by neurochemical quantifications, such as glutamate (GLU), kynurenine (KYN) and monoamines, and by biochemical measurements, such as glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), CD11b and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), in mice prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIPP). AKBA prevented the depressive-like behaviors induced by Aβ administration, since we recorded a reduction in latency to initiate self-care and total time spent to perform self-care in the ST and reduced time of immobility in the TST. Likewise, the increase in GLU and KYN levels in PFC and HIPP induced by the peptide injection were reverted by AKBA administration, as well as the displayed increase in levels of GFAP and NF-kB in both PFC and HIPP, but not in CD11b. Therefore, AKBA might represent a food supplement suitable as an adjuvant for therapy of depression in early-stage AD.
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