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Heckley AM, Harding CD, Page RA, Klein BA, Yovel Y, Diebold CA, Tilley HB. The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39051138 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is associated with many costs, but is also important to survival, with a lack of sleep impairing cognitive function and increasing mortality. Sleeping in groups could alleviate sleep-associated costs, or could introduce new costs if social sleeping disrupts sleep. Working with the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), we aimed to: (1) describe sleep architecture, (2) assess how sleeping in groups affects sleep, and (3) quantify total sleep time and identify rapid eye movement (REM) sleep using behavioral indicators that complement physiological evidence of sleep. Twenty-five adult bats were captured in Panama and recorded sleeping in an artificial roost enclosure. Three bats were fitted with an electromyograph and accelerometer and video recorded sleeping alone in controlled laboratory settings. The remaining 22 bats were assigned to differing social configurations (alone, dyad, triad, and tetrad) and video recorded sleeping in an outdoor flight cage. We found that sleep was highly variable among individuals (ranging from 2 h 53 min to 9 h 39 min over a 12-h period). Although we did not detect statistically significant effects and our sample size was limited, preliminary trends suggest that male bats may sleep longer than females, and individuals sleeping in groups may sleep longer than individuals sleeping alone. We also found a high correspondence between total sleep time quantified visually and quantified using actigraphy (with a 2-min immobility threshold) and identified physiological correlates of behaviorally-defined REM. These results serve as a starting point for future work on the ecology and evolution of sleep in bats and other wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian D Harding
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & Physiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | - Barrett A Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Clarice A Diebold
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- The Department of Physiological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah B Tilley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
- Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zou W, Wu P, Wei X, Zhou D, Deng Y, Jiang Y, Luo B, Liu W, Huo J, Peng S, Feng J. Artificial light affects foraging behavior of a synanthropic bat. Integr Zool 2024; 19:710-720. [PMID: 37987100 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night has been considered an emerging threat to global biodiversity. However, the impacts of artificial light on foraging behavior in most wild animals remain largely unclear. Here, we aimed to assess whether artificial light affects foraging behavior in Asian parti-colored bats (Vespertilio sinensis). We manipulated the spectra of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting in a laboratory. Using video and audio recording, we monitored foraging onset, total foraging time, food consumption, freezing behavior (temporary cessation of body movement), and echolocation vocalizations in triads of bats under each lighting condition. Analyses showed that the foraging activities of experimental bats were reduced under LED light. Green, yellow, and red light had greater negative effects on bats' foraging onset, total foraging time, and food consumption than white and blue light. LED light of different spectra induced increased freezing time and echolocation vocalizations in captive bats, except for the white light. The peak wavelength of light emission correlated positively with freezing time, estimated echolocation pulse rate (the number of echolocation pulses per minute), and foraging onset, but negatively with total foraging time and food consumption. These results demonstrate that artificial light disturbs foraging behavior in Asian parti-colored bats. Our findings have implications for understanding the influencing mechanism of light pollution on bat foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Daying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yingchun Deng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiaxin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Shichen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Tryjanowski P, Golawski A, Jankowiak Ł, Møller AP. Reactions of wintering passerines to male calls of the European cuckoo Cuculus canorus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14204. [PMID: 38902276 PMCID: PMC11189894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of birds to the nest parasite, the European cuckoo Cuculus canorus, has been the subject of extensive testing in various aspects. However, while the cuckoo is a long-distance migrant, some of its hosts are sedentary species. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether species, primarily hosts, react to the presence of the cuckoo also in the winter season. This behaviour may involve an attempt to drive the parasite away from locations that will subsequently become their breeding sites. During playback experiments conducted in the winter of 2021/2022 in Poland, we demonstrated that numerous bird species react to the male cuckoo calls in winter. These calls may be perceived as a source of danger, particularly by cuckoo hosts, who responded to this call more frequently than non-hosts and the control species (pigeon). Nonetheless, the birds' reactions were not strong, as they did not approach the source of the call. However, our results are constrained by the limited number of cuckoo host species wintering in Poland. To better evaluate the intensity of bird responses to the male cuckoo's call during the non-breeding season, further studies should be conducted in regions where a greater variety of species, especially those most susceptible to parasitism, overwinter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Artur Golawski
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Siedlce, Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jankowiak
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, AgroParisTech, France
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Kelling M, Currie SE, Troxell SA, Reusch C, Roeleke M, Hoffmeister U, Teige T, Voigt CC. Effects of tag mass on the physiology and behaviour of common noctule bats. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38725032 PMCID: PMC11084088 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External tags, such as transmitters and loggers, are often used to study bat movements. However, physiological and behavioural effects on bats carrying tags have rarely been investigated, and recommendations on the maximum acceptable tag mass are rather based on rules of thumb than on rigorous scientific assessment. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive three-step assessment of the potential physiological and behavioural effects of tagging bats, using common noctules Nyctalus noctula as a model. First, we examined seasonal changes in body mass. Second, we predicted and then measured potential changes in flight metabolic rate in a wind tunnel. Third, we conducted a meta-analysis of published data to assess effects of different tag masses on the weight and behaviour of bats. RESULTS Individual body mass of common noctules varied seasonally by 7.0 ± 2.6 g (range: 0.5-11.5 g). Aerodynamic theory predicted a 26% increase in flight metabolic rate for a common noctule equipped with a 3.8 g tag, equating to 14% of body mass. In a wind tunnel experiment, we could not confirm the predicted increase for tagged bats. Our meta-analysis revealed a weak correlation between tag mass and emergence time and flight duration in wild bats. Interestingly, relative tag mass (3-19% of bat body mass) was not related to body mass loss, but bats lost more body mass the longer tags were attached. Notably, relatively heavy bats lost more mass than conspecifics with a more average body mass index. CONCLUSION Because heavy tags (> 3 g) were generally used for shorter periods of time than lighter tags (~ 1 g), the long-term effects of heavy tags on bats cannot be assessed at this time. Furthermore, the effects of disturbance and resource distribution in the landscape cannot be separated from those of tagging. We recommend that tags weighing 5-10% of a bat's mass should only be applied for a few days. For longer studies, tags weighing less than 5% of a bat's body mass should be used. To avoid adverse effects on bats, researchers should target individuals with average, rather than peak, body mass indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Kelling
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Shannon E Currie
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parksville, 3010, Australia
| | - Sara A Troxell
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Reusch
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Roeleke
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Hoffmeister
- Natura Büro für Zoologische und Botanische Fachgutachten, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teige
- Büro für Faunististische und Ökologische Fachgutachten, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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Respicio JMV, Dela Cruz KC, Hughes AC, Tanalgo KC. The behavioural costs of overcrowding for gregarious cave-dwelling bats. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:619-631. [PMID: 38556757 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bats are known for their gregarious social behaviour, often congregating in caves and underground habitats, where they play a pivotal role in providing various ecosystem services. Studying bat behaviour remains an underexplored aspect of bat ecology and conservation despite its ecological importance. We explored the costs and impacts of overcrowding on bat social behaviour. This study examined variations in bat behavioural patterns between two distinct groups, aggregated and non-aggregated male Rousettus amplexicaudatus, within the Monfort Bat Cave Sanctuary on Mindanao Island, Philippines. We found significant variations in the incident frequencies of various bat behavioural activities, particularly aggression and movement, between these two groups. The increase in aggregation was closely related to negative social behaviour among bats. In contrast, sexual behaviour was significantly related to the positive behaviour of individual bats and was headed in less crowded areas. The disparities in bat behaviour with an apparent decline in bat social behaviour because of overcrowding, with more aggressive behaviours emerging, align with the 'behavioural sink' hypothesis. Our study underscores the importance of considering habitat quality and resource availability in the management and conservation of bat colonies, as these factors can reduce the occurrence of aggressive and negative social behaviours in colonies with high population density by providing alternative habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeaneth Magelen V Respicio
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Philippines
| | - Kier C Dela Cruz
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Philippines
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Krizler C Tanalgo
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Philippines
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6
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Crawford RD, O'Keefe JM. Improving the science and practice of using artificial roosts for bats. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14170. [PMID: 37650433 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, artificial bat roosts (e.g., bat boxes, bark mimics, bat condos) are routinely deployed for conservation, mitigation, and community engagement. However, scant attention has been paid to developing best practices for the use of artificial roosts as conservation tools. Although bats readily occupy artificial roosts, occupancy and abundance data are misleading indicators of habitat quality. Lacking information on bat behavior, health, and fitness in artificial roosts, their conservation efficacy cannot be adequately validated. We considered the proximal and ultimate factors, such as evolutionarily reliable cues, that may prompt bats to preferentially use and show fidelity to suboptimal artificial roosts even when high-quality alternatives are available. Possible negative health and fitness consequences for artificial roost inhabitants include exposure to unstable and extreme microclimates in poorly designed roosts, and vulnerability to larger numbers of ectoparasites in longer lasting artificial roosts that house larger bat colonies than in natural roosts. Bats using artificial roosts may have lower survival rates if predators have easy access to roosts placed in conspicuous locations. Bats may be lured into occupying low-quality habitats if attractive artificial roosts are deployed on polluted urban and agricultural landscapes. To advance the science behind artificial bat roosts, we present testable research hypotheses and suggestions to improve the quality of artificial roosts for bats and decrease risks to occupants. Because continued loss of natural roosts may increase reliance on alternatives, such as artificial roosts, it is imperative that this conservation practice be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed D Crawford
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joy M O'Keefe
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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7
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Fjelldal MA, Muller AS, Ratikainen II, Stawski C, Wright J. The small-bat-in-summer paradigm: Energetics and adaptive behavioural routines of bats investigated through a stochastic dynamic model. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:2078-2093. [PMID: 37661664 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong seasonality at high latitudes represents a major challenge for many endotherms as they must balance survival and reproduction in an environment that varies widely in food availability and temperature. To avoid energetic mismatches caused by limited foraging time and stochastic weather conditions, bats employ the energy-saving state of torpor during summer to save accumulated energy reserves. However, at high-latitude small-bats-in-summer face a particular challenge: as nocturnal foragers, they rely on the darkness at night to avoid predators and/or interspecific competition, but live in an environment with short, light summer nights, and even a lack of true night at the northernmost distributions of some bat species. To predict optimal behaviour in relation to latitudinal variation in diurnal cycles, we constructed a stochastic dynamic programming model of bats living at high latitudes. Using a stochastic dynamic programming framework with values that are representative for our study system, we show that individual energetic reserves are a strong driver of daytime use of torpor and night-time foraging behaviour alike, with these linked effects being both temperature- and photoperiod-dependent. We further used the model to predict survival probabilities at five locations across a latitudinal gradient (60.1° N to 70.9° N), finding that combinations of photoperiod and temperature conditions limited population distributions in the model. To verify our model results, we compared predictions for optimal decisions with our own empirical data collected on northern bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) from two latitudes in Norway. The similarities between our predictions and observations provide strong evidence that this model framework incorporates the most important drivers of diurnal decision-making in bat physiology and behaviour. Comparing empirical data and model predictions also revealed that bats facing lighter night conditions further north restrict their mass gain, which strengthens the hypothesis that predation threat is a main driver of bat nocturnality. Our model findings regarding state-dependent decisions in bats should contribute to the understanding of how bats cope with the summer challenges at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Aas Fjelldal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amandine Sophie Muller
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irja Ida Ratikainen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Stawski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Lagerveld S, Wilkes T, van Puijenbroek MEB, Noort BCA, Geelhoed SCV. Acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius' pipistrelle at the southern North Sea during autumn migration. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1016. [PMID: 37530899 PMCID: PMC10397122 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal movements between the summer and winter areas are a widespread phenomenon in bats So far, most information on the migration ecology of bats has been obtained by studies in terrestrial habitats, whereas scientific knowledge on migration over sea is scarce. We performed continuous ultrasonic acoustic monitoring at 13 locations in the southern North Sea during four consecutive years (2017-2020) and analysed the spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii during autumn migration in relation to weather parameters and lunar phase. Our analysis showed that the main autumn migration of Nathusius' pipistrelle at the southern North Sea occurs from mid-August until late October and most bats within the study area occur off the Noord Holland coast. North Sea crossings frequently last longer than one night; the day is spent roosting at an offshore structure. The strongest migration occurs during nights with tailwinds from the east-northeast, but bats are also recorded offshore with low to moderate headwinds or crosswinds. Bat presence decreased between the full moon and the last quarter and increased just before the new moon. Finally, our observations show that the occurrence of bats at sea was reduced in 2020 in comparison to the previous years. The results of this study show clear spatiotemporal patterns of migratory bat occurrence at the southern North Sea. The spatial distribution can be used in spatial planning of future offshore wind farms, whereas the temporal occurrence and environmental factors that shape offshore migration can be used to develop mitigation measures to reduce the number of bat fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Lagerveld
- Den Helder, Wageningen University & Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, den Helder, The Netherlands.
| | - Tony Wilkes
- Den Helder, Wageningen University & Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, den Helder, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart C A Noort
- Den Helder, Wageningen University & Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - Steve C V Geelhoed
- Den Helder, Wageningen University & Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, den Helder, The Netherlands
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9
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Moosman PR, Marsh DM, Pody EK, Brust TJ. Differential selection of roosts by Eastern Small-footed Myotis ( Myotis leibii) relative to rock structure and microclimate. J Mammal 2023; 104:723-738. [PMID: 37545666 PMCID: PMC10399919 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Roost selection by insectivorous bats in temperate regions is presumably influenced by roost microclimates in relation to thermoregulatory strategies, but few studies have included temperature measurements in habitat selection models. Rocky landscape features are an important source of roosts that provide both shelter from predators and beneficial microclimates for bats. Most information about rock-roosting bats has been derived from western North America. We studied microhabitat selection by the Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii) on natural talus slopes and human-made stone structures in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and New Hampshire, relative to thermal and structural characteristics of rock crevices. Roosts were located with a combination of radiotelemetry and randomized visual surveys. Roost-switching behavior and structural characteristics of roosts did not appear to be influenced by the methods we used to locate roosts. Compared to random crevices, both sexes selected crevices with narrow openings, likely to provide protection from predators. Reproductive females also selected rocks that were larger and more thermally stable than random crevices, whereas males selected crevices that were structurally similar to random crevices but warmed more during the day. Rock size and other structural characteristics influenced temperatures of roosts and random crevices alike by inhibiting excessive daytime heating and nighttime cooling. Because large rocks were important for reproductive females, and talus slopes with large rocks could be limited, we recommend including rock size as a variable in landscape scale habitat assessments for Eastern Small-footed Myotis. Protecting or managing for habitat features with large rocks that receive high solar exposure could benefit Eastern Small-footed Myotis, and perhaps other rock-roosting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Moosman
- Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia 24450, USA
| | - David M Marsh
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450, USA
| | - Emily K Pody
- Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia 24450, USA
- EDGE Engineering and Science, LLC, Houston, Texas 77084, USA
| | - Timothy J Brust
- Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia 24450, USA
- EDGE Engineering and Science, LLC, Houston, Texas 77084, USA
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10
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Kelm DH, Langheld M, Nogueras J, Popa-Lisseanu AG, Ibáñez C. Continuous low-intensity predation by owls ( Strix aluco) on bats ( Nyctalus lasiopterus) in Spain and the potential effect on bat colony stability. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230309. [PMID: 37593707 PMCID: PMC10427821 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Owls prey on bats, but information on owl predation is scarce, its impact on bat mortality is unclear, and reports on behavioural responses, including roost-switching and fission-fusion behaviour, are equivocal. To study the link between owl predation and anti-predator behaviour in bats, we evaluated seven months of video recordings at roosts and the behaviour of 51 passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged bats and bats without tags in a geographically isolated colony of greater noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus) in Spain. We found the tawny owl Strix aluco to almost continuously hunt N. lasiopterus, from perches and on the wing, well after the bats emerged at dusk and when they returned to their roosts. We recorded 39 unsuccessful and three successful attacks. Nonetheless, we found no evidence that owl predation modifies bat behaviour. While the bats constituted only a very small proportion of the owls' diet, owl predation accounted for an estimated 30-40% of bat mortality, which may have a significant impact on small, local or isolated bat populations, in particular, and thereby shape regional bat distributions. We hypothesize that low roost availability may also affect the bats' potential response to predation, which could lead to natural predation having an excessive impact on bat populations.
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11
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Kuo YJ, Lee YF, Kuo YM, Tai YL. Context-specific variation and repeatability in behavioral traits of bent-wing bats. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 37029405 PMCID: PMC10080966 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-023-00206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Animals may show consistent among-individual behavioral differences over time and in different contexts, and these tendencies may be correlated to one another and emerge as behavioral syndromes. The cross-context variation in these behavioral tendencies, however, is rarely explored with animals in contexts associated with different locomotion modes. This study assessed the variation and repeatability in behavioral traits of bent-wing bats Miniopterus fuliginosus in southern Taiwan, and the effects of contextual settings associated with locomotion mode. The bats were sampled in the dry winter season, and their behaviors were measured in hole-board box (HB) and tunnel box (TB) tests, both suited for quadrupedal movements of the bats, and flight-tent (FT) tests that allowed for flying behaviors. The bats in the FT tests showed more interindividual and between-trial behavioral variation than those in the HB and TB tests. Nearly all of the behaviors in the TB and FT tests, but only half of those in the HB tests, showed medium to high repeatability. These repeatable behaviors were grouped into distinct behavioral traits of boldness, activity, and exploration, which were correlated to one another across contexts. In addition, we observed a consistently higher correlation between behavioral categories across the HB and TB contexts than between either of these contexts and the FT context. The results indicate consistent among-individual behavioral differences across time and contexts in wildly caught bent-wing bats. The findings of behavioral repeatability and cross-context correlations also indicate context-dependent variation and suggest that test devices which allow for flight behaviors, such as flight tents or cages, may provide a more suitable setting for measuring the behaviors and animal personalities of bats, particularly for those species that display less or little quadrupedal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fu Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Min Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yik Ling Tai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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12
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Slough BG, Reid DG, Schultz DS, Leung MC. Little brown bat activity patterns and conservation implications in agricultural landscapes in boreal Yukon, Canada. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald G. Reid
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada Whitehorse Yukon Canada
| | - Dafna S. Schultz
- Department of Resource and Environmental Management Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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13
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Balzer EW, McBurney TS, Broders HG. Little brown Myotis roosts are spatially associated with foraging resources on Prince Edward Island. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan W. Balzer
- University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L 3G2 Canada
| | - Tessa S. McBurney
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island 550 University Avenue Charlottetown PE C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Hugh G. Broders
- University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L 3G2 Canada
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14
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Feng L, Li J, Qin H, Liu Y, Wu H, Feng J, Jiang T. Feeding behavior innovation increases foraging efficiency in the Amur falcon but may be a threat to Asian particolored bats. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9272. [PMID: 36110884 PMCID: PMC9465184 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral innovations are rare and infrequent in the natural world, but they are pivotal for animals to respond to environmental changes. The ecological benefits of these innovations remain unknown, especially in wild populations. Here, two foraging strategies and three eating behaviors of the Amur falcon (Falco amurensis) were observed during predation on Asian particolored bats (Vespertilio sinensis) across 3 years. We demonstrated that an eating behavioral innovation in F. amurensis increased the foraging efficiency of V. sinensis more than twofold during 3 consecutive years. This showed that changes in feeding behavior by a bird strongly influenced the rate of energy intake. Since predation on bats by falcons mainly occurred during the lactation and post-lactation of bats, this may have a certain level of negative effect on the bat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hexuan Qin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yingying Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- College of Life ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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15
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Far from home: bat activity and diversity in row crop agriculture decreases with distance to potential roost habitat. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Harding CD, Yovel Y, Peirson SN, Hackett TD, Vyazovskiy VV. Re-examining extreme sleep duration in bats: implications for sleep phylogeny, ecology, and function. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac064. [PMID: 35279722 PMCID: PMC9366634 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats, quoted as sleeping for up to 20 h a day, are an often used example of extreme sleep duration amongst mammals. Given that duration has historically been one of the primary metrics featured in comparative studies of sleep, it is important that species specific sleep durations are well founded. Here, we re-examined the evidence for the characterization of bats as extreme sleepers and discuss whether it provides a useful representation of the sleep behavior of Chiroptera. Although there are a wealth of activity data to suggest that the diurnal cycle of bats is dominated by rest, estimates of sleep time generated from electrophysiological analyses suggest considerable interspecific variation, ranging from 83% to a more moderate 61% of the 24 h day spent asleep. Temperature-dependent changes in the duration and electroencephalographic profile of sleep suggest that bats represent a unique model for investigating the relationship between sleep and torpor. Further sources of intra-specific variation in sleep duration, including the impact of artificial laboratory environments and sleep intensity, remain unexplored. Future studies conducted in naturalistic environments, using larger sample sizes and relying on a pre-determined set of defining criteria will undoubtedly provide novel insights into sleep in bats and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Harding
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
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17
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Kohles JE, O'Mara MT, Dechmann DKN. A conceptual framework to predict social information use based on food ephemerality and individual resource requirements. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2039-2056. [PMID: 35932159 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a range of challenges to foraging animals trying to meet their energetic needs. Where food patches are unpredictable but shareable, animals can use social information to locate patches more efficiently or reliably. However, resource unpredictability can be heterogeneous and complex. The behavioural strategies animals employ to exploit such resources also vary, particularly if, when, and where animals use available social information. We reviewed the literature on social information use by foraging animals and developed a novel framework that integrates four elements - (1) food resource persistence; (2) the relative value of social information use; (3) behavioural context (opportunistic or coordinated); and (4) location of social information use - to predict and characterize four strategies of social information use - (1) local enhancement; (2) group facilitation; (3) following; and (4) recruitment. We validated our framework by systematically reviewing the growing empirical literature on social foraging in bats, an ideal model taxon because they exhibit extreme diversity in ecological niche and experience low predation risk while foraging but function at high energy expenditures, which selects for efficient foraging behaviours. Our framework's predictions agreed with the observed natural behaviour of bats and identified key knowledge gaps for future studies. Recent advancements in technology, methods, and analysis will facilitate additional studies in bats and other taxa to further test the framework and our conception of the ecological and evolutionary forces driving social information use. Understanding the links between food distribution, social information use, and foraging behaviour will help elucidate social interactions, group structure, and the evolution of sociality for species across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N. Pine Street, Hammond, LA, 70402, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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18
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Amponsah‐Mensah K, Cunningham AA, Wood JLN, Ntiamoa‐Baidu Y. Roosting behavior and roost selection by
Epomophorus gambianus
(Pteropodidae) in a west African rural landscape. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaa Ntiamoa‐Baidu
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana
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19
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Bennett VJ, Agpalo EJ. Citizen Science Helps Uncover the Secrets to a Bat-Friendly Swimming Pool in an Urban Environment. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.860523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For urban environments to support bat communities, resources need to be readily available. For example, bats typically use urban water sources such as drainage ditches and ponds; however, these sources can be ephemeral. During these periods, bats have utilized residential swimming pools, although they only appear to drink at pools when access to more natural equivalents are limited. This posed the question “can we make residential swimming pools friendlier for a diversity of bat species?” Using citizen science to determine which pool characteristics influenced bat activity, we distributed a questionnaire to residents in a suburban neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX, United States. It focused on observations of bat activity and the features of the pools and immediate surroundings. We distributed the questionnaire through social media, local presentations, and by mail throughout 2019 and 2020. We then used classification trees to determine which characteristics in combination influenced bat activity at the pools. We generated three different trees for bats observed (1) flying around the property and backyard, (2) above the swimming pool, and (3) drinking at the pool. We found that more bats were observed at unlit pools without bush or shrub borders. Furthermore, among pools with borders, activity was lowest at pools with textured interiors and ≥6 trees visible. The presence of features, such as fountains, then contributed to a reduction in bat observations in backyards and the presence of pets appeared to further reduce activity specifically over the pools. Where bats were observed drinking, this activity was reported the least at pools with bush or shrub borders, textured interiors, and trees <5 m and >10 m from the edge of the pools. Our study revealed that certain characteristics of residential swimming pools encouraged bat activity, while others discouraged them. Thus, it may be possible to make swimming pools more bat-friendly. For example, turning lights off in the evening when backyards are not in use and reducing clutter around pools could have an immediate positive impact on local bat populations. The implementation of such recommendations could improve urban habitats for bats overall and alleviate some of the negative implications of continued urbanization.
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20
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Feng L, Qin H, Li J, Li X, Feng J, Jiang T. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing the emergence and return of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis to the summer roost. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8890. [PMID: 35600692 PMCID: PMC9106590 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the health and survival of organisms. However, little is known concerning how intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect animal daily rhythms in the field, especially in nocturnal animals. Here, we investigated the first emergence, mid-emergence, and return times of Vespertilio sinensis, and also integrated environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and light intensity) and biotic factors (reproductive status and predation risk) to determine causes of variation in the activity rhythms of the bats. We found that variation in the first emergence time, the mid-emergence time, and the final return time were distinct. The results demonstrated that the emergence and return times of bats were affected by light intensity, reproductive status, and predation risk in a relatively complex pattern. Light intensity had the greatest contribution to activity rhythms. Moreover, we first investigated the effects of actual predators on the activity rhythms of bats; the results showed that the mid-emergence time of bats was earlier as predators were hunting, but the final return time was later when predators were present. Finally, our results also highlighted the importance of higher energy demands during the lactation in bats to variation in activity rhythms. These results improve our understanding of the patterns and causes of variation in activity rhythms in bats and other nocturnal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hexuan Qin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and UtilizationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education MinistryInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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21
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Alencastre-Santos AB, Correia LL, Sousa LM, Silva CR, Vieira TB. Opportunistic predation of Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera: Phylostomidae) by Marmosa demerarae (Thomas, 1905) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bat predator-prey interactions are still poorly known. Following this diagnosis, this work aims to report an event of opportunistic predation of silky short-tailed bat (Carollia brevicauda) by Long-furred woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa demerarae) in the Brazilian Amazon. The event took place on April 10, 2021, in a cocoa plantation. The bat individual that was preyed upon was an inactive adult female trapped in a mist net, approximately 40 cm from the ground. The predation of bats that are trapped in mist nets reinforces the idea of opportunistic predation and may explain the consumption of a vertebrate by an insectivorous marsupial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Alencastre-Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal do Pará , Rua Coronel José Porfírio 2515 , Altamira , Pará PA 68372-040 , Brazil
| | - Letícia Lima Correia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação , Universidade Federal do Pará , Altamira , Pará , Brazil
| | - Loyriane Moura Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia , Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , Pará , Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Silva
- Laboratório de Mamíferos , Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá , Macapá , Amapá , Brazil
| | - Thiago Bernardi Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação , Universidade Federal do Pará , Altamira , Pará , Brazil
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22
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Smarsh GC, Long AM, Smotherman M. Singing strategies are linked to perch use on foraging territories in heart-nosed bats. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8519. [PMID: 35169446 PMCID: PMC8837579 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic communication allows animals to coordinate and optimize resource utilization in space. Cardioderma cor, the heart-nosed bat, is one of the few species of bats known to sing during nighttime foraging. Previous research found that heart-nosed bats react aggressively to song playback, supporting the territorial defense hypothesis of singing in this species. We further investigated the territorial defense hypothesis from an ecological standpoint, which predicts that singing should be associated with exclusive areas containing a resource, by tracking 14 individuals nightly during the dry seasons in Tanzania. We quantified the singing behavior of individuals at all perches used throughout the night. Using home range analysis tools, we quantified overall use, night ranges and singing ranges, as well as areas used in early and later time periods at night. Males sang back and forth from small ( x ¯ = 3.48 ± 2.71 ha), largely exclusive areas that overlapped with overall night ranges used for gleaning prey. Individuals varied in singing effort; however, all sang significantly more as night progressed. Subsequently, areas used earlier at night and overall use areas were both larger than singing areas. Individuals varied in singing strategies. Some males sang for long periods in particular trees and had smaller core areas, while others moved frequently among singing trees. The most prolific singers used more perches overall. Our results support the hypothesis that acoustic communication repertoires evolved in support of stable foraging territory advertisement and defense in some bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Smarsh
- Department of Brain Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Ashley M Long
- Agricultural Center and School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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23
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Jones TK, Allen KM, Moss CF. Communication with self, friends and foes in active-sensing animals. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273391. [PMID: 34752625 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals that rely on electrolocation and echolocation for navigation and prey detection benefit from sensory systems that can operate in the dark, allowing them to exploit sensory niches with few competitors. Active sensing has been characterized as a highly specialized form of communication, whereby an echolocating or electrolocating animal serves as both the sender and receiver of sensory information. This characterization inspires a framework to explore the functions of sensory channels that communicate information with the self and with others. Overlapping communication functions create challenges for signal privacy and fidelity by leaving active-sensing animals vulnerable to eavesdropping, jamming and masking. Here, we present an overview of active-sensing systems used by weakly electric fish, bats and odontocetes, and consider their susceptibility to heterospecific and conspecific jamming signals and eavesdropping. Susceptibility to interference from signals produced by both conspecifics and prey animals reduces the fidelity of electrolocation and echolocation for prey capture and foraging. Likewise, active-sensing signals may be eavesdropped, increasing the risk of alerting prey to the threat of predation or the risk of predation to the sender, or drawing competition to productive foraging sites. The evolutionary success of electrolocating and echolocating animals suggests that they effectively counter the costs of active sensing through rich and diverse adaptive behaviors that allow them to mitigate the effects of competition for signal space and the exploitation of their signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te K Jones
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kathryne M Allen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia F Moss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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24
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Kelm DH, Toelch U, Jones MM. Mixed-species groups in bats: non-random roost associations and roost selection in neotropical understory bats. Front Zool 2021; 18:53. [PMID: 34641887 PMCID: PMC8507185 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed-species groups in animals have been shown to confer antipredator, foraging and other benefits to their members that may provide selective advantages. In most cases, however, it is unclear whether functional benefits are a principal driver of heterospecific groups, or whether groups simply result from simultaneous exploitation of common resources. Mixed-species groups that form independently of environmental conditions may, however, evidence direct benefits of species associations. Bats are among the most gregarious mammals, with sometimes thousands of individuals of various species roosting communally. Despite numerous potential functional benefits of such mixed-species roosting groups, interspecific attraction has never been shown. To explore alternative explanations for mixed-species roosting, we studied roost selection in a speciose neotropical understory bat community in lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. Long term roost data were recorded over 10 years in a total of 133 roosts comprising both natural roosts and structurally uniform artificial roosts. We modelled bat roost occupancy and abundance in each roost type and in forest and pasture habitats to quantify the effects of roost- and environmental variability. RESULTS We found that bat species presence in natural roosts is predictable from habitat and structural roost parameters, but that the presence and abundance of other bat species further modifies roost choice. One third of the 12 study species were found to actively associate with selected other bat species in roosts (e.g. Glossophaga commissarisi with Carollia sowelli). Other species did not engage in communal roosting, which in some cases indicates a role for negative interspecific interactions, such as roost competition. CONCLUSIONS Mixed-species roosting may provide thermoregulatory benefits, reduce intraspecific competition and promote interspecific information transfer, and hence some heterospecific associations may be selected for in bats. Overall, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the array of factors that shape diverse tropical bat communities and drive the dynamics of heterospecific grouping in mammals more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev H Kelm
- Zoology 2, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. .,Estación Biológica de Doñana, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ulf Toelch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , QUEST Center for Responsible Research , Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirkka M Jones
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Nightly torpor use in response to weather conditions and individual state in an insectivorous bat. Oecologia 2021; 197:129-142. [PMID: 34455495 PMCID: PMC8445878 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Torpor is a well-known energy conservation strategy in many mammal and bird species. It is often employed when environmental conditions are unfavourable to maximize survival probabilities. However, torpor often carries with it the physiological costs of a low body temperature and of rewarming in addition to potential missed opportunities for foraging. Therefore, we hypothesised that decision making regarding when to use torpor should reflect the most important environmental conditions for species distributions, and thus how they may be impacted by ongoing climate change. We investigated how weather conditions affect nightly torpor patterns in the nocturnal insectivorous Australian eastern long-eared bat (Nyctophilus bifax). By measuring the skin temperature of 37 free-ranging individuals, we confirmed that torpor was used more frequently during the winter and at subtropical compared to tropical locations. Using mixed-effect models we show that lower ambient temperatures were the main driver of individual torpor use, probably due to lower roost temperatures and prey availability. However, increased rain, wind and humidity, and decreasing barometric pressure, as well as brighter moonlight, also led to more time spent torpid per night. We suggest that bats evaluate multiple environmental cues to make decisions regarding torpor use versus active foraging based upon their expectations of the energetic benefits, prey availability and relative predation risk. Interactions between some of these effects and body mass (whilst controlling for forearm length) indicate that individual variation in body size and/or state-dependent effects of energy reserves also partly determined the use of nightly torpor in these bats.
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26
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Olfactory learning and memory in the greater short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx: the influence of conspecifics distress calls. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 207:667-679. [PMID: 34426872 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test whether Cynopterus sphinx distress calls influence olfactory learning and memory in conspecifics. Bats were exposed to distress calls/playbacks (PBs) of distress calls/modified calls and were then trained to novel odors. Bats exposed to distress calls/PBs made significantly fewer feeding attempts and bouts of PBs exposed to modified calls, which significantly induced the expression of c-Fos in the caudomedial neostriatum (NCM) and the amygdala compared to bats exposed to modified calls and trained controls. However, the expression of c-Fos in the hippocampus was not significantly different between the experimental groups. Further, protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) expression was significantly lower, and the expression levels of E1A homologue of CREB-binding protein (CBP) (P300), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tyrosine kinase B1 (TrkB1) receptor were significantly higher in the hippocampus of control/bats exposed to modified calls compared to distress calls/PBs of distress call-exposed bats. Exposure to the call possibly alters the reciprocal interaction between the amygdala and the hippocampus, accordingly regulating the expression levels of PP1, P300 and BDNF and its receptor TrkB1 following training to the novel odor. Thus, the learning and memory consolidation processes were disrupted and showed fewer feeding attempts and bouts. This model may be helpful for understanding the contributions of stressful social communications to human disorders.
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27
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Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bat diversity decrease from more to less complex natural habitats in the Amazon. Oecologia 2021; 197:223-239. [PMID: 34368898 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The high levels of biodiversity in the Amazon are maintained mostly due to its composition as a natural mosaic of different habitats, including both unflooded and flooded forests, campinaranas, and savannahs. Here, we compared multiple dimensions of α- and β- bat biodiversity between four natural Amazonian habitats (savannah, campinarana, forest patches, and continuous forest). In addition, we explored the extent to which bat communities in the different habitats are nested within one another, and compared the community-level functional uniqueness and community-weighted mean traits between habitats. Our results show that taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic α-diversity of bats is higher in continuous forest than in any of the other habitat types. The continuous forest also harbours more unique species, and indeed, the bat community assemblages in the less-complex habitats, including forest patches, campinarana and savannahs, are taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic sub-sets of the assemblage found in the continuous forest. By examining β-diversity partitions and species composition, we are able to shed light on the mechanisms behind the variation in diversity between the four habitat types, which reflect a process of environmental sorting along a habitat gradient going from a more complex to a less complex habitat. We conclude that nesting patterns along the mosaic of habitats are determined by differences in complexity between habitats and that taxonomic and functional uniqueness contribute to overall regional bat diversity and functionality. Ongoing human-induced disturbances of these habitats could provoke an unprecedented loss of bat diversity and functionality with negative consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Dendup T, Soisook P, Bumrungsri S. Habitat Selections of Himalayan Insectivorous Bats in Forest-Dominated Landscapes. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tshering Dendup
- Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnchanawanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112
| | - Pipat Soisook
- Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnchanawanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnchanawanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90112
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Appel G, López‐Baucells A, Rocha R, Meyer CFJ, Bobrowiec PED. Habitat disturbance trumps moonlight effects on the activity of tropical insectivorous bats. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Appel
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - A. López‐Baucells
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group) Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - R. Rocha
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vairão Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - C. F. J. Meyer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | - P. E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Brighton CH, Zusi L, McGowan KA, Kinniry M, Kloepper LN, Taylor GK. Aerial attack strategies of hawks hunting bats, and the adaptive benefits of swarming. Behav Ecol 2021; 32:464-476. [PMID: 34104109 PMCID: PMC8177810 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation can reduce an individual’s predation risk, by decreasing predator hunting efficiency or displacing predation onto others. Here, we explore how the behaviors of predator and prey influence catch success and predation risk in Swainson’s hawks Buteo swainsoni attacking swarming Brazilian free-tailed bats Tadarida brasiliensis on emergence. Lone bats including stragglers have a high relative risk of predation, representing ~5% of the catch but ~0.2% of the population. Attacks on the column were no less successful than attacks on lone bats, so hunting efficiency is not decreased by group vigilance or confusion. Instead, lone bats were attacked disproportionately often, representing ~10% of all attacks. Swarming therefore displaces the burden of predation onto bats outside the column—whether as isolated wanderers not benefitting from dilution through attack abatement, or as peripheral stragglers suffering marginal predation and possible selfish herd effects. In contrast, the hawks’ catch success depended only on the attack maneuvers that they employed, with the odds of success being more than trebled in attacks involving a high-speed stoop or rolling grab. Most attacks involved one of these two maneuvers, which therefore represent alternative rather than complementary tactics. Hence, whereas a bat’s survival depends on maintaining column formation, a hawk’s success does not depend on attacking lone bats—even though their tendency to do so is sufficient to explain the adaptive benefits of their prey’s aggregation behavior. A hawk’s success instead depends on the flight maneuvers it deploys, including the high-speed stoop that is characteristic of many raptors. Swarming bats emerging from a massive desert roost reduce their predation risk by maintaining tight column formation, because the hawks that predate them attack peripheral stragglers and isolated wanderers disproportionately. Whereas a bat’s predation risk depends on maintaining its position within the column, the catch success of a hawk depends on how it maneuvers itself to attack, and is maximized by executing a high-speed dive or rolling grab maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lillias Zusi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Kathryn A McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Morgan Kinniry
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Laura N Kloepper
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Crawford RD, O'Keefe JM. Avoiding a conservation pitfall: Considering the risks of unsuitably hot bat boxes. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reed D. Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Joy M. O'Keefe
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
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Maucieri D, Barclay R. Consumption of spiders by the little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus) and the long-eared myotis ( Myotis evotis) in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in diet and (or) foraging behaviour is one way in which species are able to occupy wide geographical areas with variable environments. The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831)), a primarily aerial insectivorous bat, consumes spiders in low temperatures at the start and end of summer in Northwest Territories, Canada, but it consumes spiders all summer, even during high aerial insect abundance, in Alaska, USA. There are no competitors of M. lucifugus in Alaska, but there are in Northwest Territories, suggesting that aerial insect abundance and competition from gleaning bats influences when M. lucifugus consumes spiders. In the Kananaskis area of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada, we investigated spider consumption by M. lucifugus and the long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864)), a species more adept at gleaning, to better understand when bats consume spiders. Fecal sample analysis indicated that M. evotis consumed spiders all season long, with greater consumption when the bats were caught near water. Myotis lucifugus did not consume spiders at all. This suggests that M. lucifugus opportunistically consumes spiders when encountered, but does not encounter them in Kananaskis where it forages primarily over open water, unlike in Northwest Territories where it forages in the interior of forests and may encounter spiders more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.G. Maucieri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R.M.R. Barclay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Oedin M, Brescia F, Millon A, Murphy BP, Palmas P, Woinarski JC, Vidal E. Cats
Felis catus
as a threat to bats worldwide: a review of the evidence. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Oedin
- Institut Agronomique Néo‐Calédonien (IAC) Equipe ARBOREAL (AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vALorisation) BP 73, Portlaguerre Païta Province Sud98890New Caledonia
- Aix Marseille Université Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) CNRS, IRD Avignon Université Technopôle Arbois‐Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin, BP 80 Aix‐en‐Provence Aix en Provence13090France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Centre IRD Nouméa ‐ BPA5 Aix Marseille Université Nouméa Cedex98848Nouvelle‐Calédonie
| | - Fabrice Brescia
- Institut Agronomique Néo‐Calédonien (IAC) Equipe ARBOREAL (AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vALorisation) BP 73, Portlaguerre Païta Province Sud98890New Caledonia
| | - Alexandre Millon
- Aix Marseille Université Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) CNRS, IRD Avignon Université Technopôle Arbois‐Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin, BP 80 Aix‐en‐Provence Aix en Provence13090France
| | - Brett P. Murphy
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT0909Australia
| | - Pauline Palmas
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Centre IRD Nouméa ‐ BPA5 Aix Marseille Université Nouméa Cedex98848Nouvelle‐Calédonie
- Université de la Polynésie Française Ifremer, ILM, IRD, EIO UMR 241, BP 52998713 Papeete Faaa98702Polynésie Française
| | - John C.Z. Woinarski
- NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT0909Australia
| | - Eric Vidal
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de la Nouvelle‐Calédonie, Ifremer) Centre IRD Nouméa ‐ BP A5 Cedex98848New Caledonia
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Jorge MH, Ford WM, Sweeten SE, Freeze SR, True MC, St. Germain MJ, Taylor H, Gorman KM, Garrison EP, Cherry MJ. Winter roost selection of Lasiurine tree bats in a pyric landscape. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245695. [PMID: 33561128 PMCID: PMC7872277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Day-roost selection by Lasiurine tree bats during winter and their response to dormant season fires is unknown in the southeastern United States where dormant season burning is widely applied. Although fires historically were predominantly growing season, they now occur in the dormant season in this part of the Coastal Plain to support a myriad of stewardship activities, including habitat management for game species. To examine the response of bats to landscape condition and the application of prescribed fire, in the winter of 2019, we mist-netted and affixed radio-transmitters to 16 Lasiurine bats, primarily Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) at Camp Blanding Joint Training Center in northern Florida. We then located day-roost sites to describe roost attributes. For five Seminole bats, one eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), and one hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), we applied prescribed burns in the roost area to observe bat response in real-time. Generally, Seminole bats selected day-roosts in mesic forest stands with high mean fire return intervals. At the roost tree scale, Seminole day-roosts tended to be larger, taller and in higher canopy dominance classes than surrounding trees. Seminole bats roosted in longleaf (Pinus palustris), slash (Pinus elliotii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) more than expected based on availability, whereas sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), water oak (Quercus nigra) and turkey oak (Quercus laevis), were roosted in less than expected based on availability. Of the seven roosts subjected to prescribed burns, only one male Seminole bat and one male eastern red bat evacuated during or immediately following burning. In both cases, these bats had day-roosted at heights lower than the majority of other day-roosts observed during our study. Our results suggest Seminole bats choose winter day-roosts that both maximize solar exposure and minimize risks associated with fire. Nonetheless, because selected day-roosts largely were fire-dependent or tolerant tree species, application of fire does need to periodically occur to promote recruitment and retention of suitable roost sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H. Jorge
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - W. Mark Ford
- U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Sweeten
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Samuel R. Freeze
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael C. True
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. St. Germain
- Conservation Management Institute at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Hila Taylor
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Gorman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Elina P. Garrison
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Naik AQ, Zafar T, Shrivastava VK. The Perspective of Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Possible Treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:78-85. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Qayoom Naik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Tabassum Zafar
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinoy K. Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
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Węgiel A, Grzywiński W, Kosicki JZ, Tryjanowski P, Nowak J, Węgiel J. Long-term population trends of Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis myotis in Poland. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.2006324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Węgiel
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - W. Grzywiński
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - J. Z. Kosicki
- Department of Avian Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
| | - P. Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - J. Węgiel
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Arndt RJ, Lima SL. Landscape-wide flight activity by wintering bats predictably follows pulses of warmth in the Midwestern United States. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During winter hibernation, bats may become active for a variety of reasons. Such winter activity occurs at or near hibernacula, but the degree to which this activity represents long-distance travel across a wider landscape largely is unstudied. We documented patterns in landscape-wide winter activity across a west-central Indiana study site, providing some new insights into winter flight activity. We deployed acoustic recording devices in areas without any known hibernacula, each night from December through March over three consecutive winters. Twilight temperatures (1 h post-sunset) ranged from −23°C to 21°C across three winters. We recorded 4,392 call files and attributed 89% to a phonic group based on characteristic frequencies. Flight activity was recorded at all stations and during all winter months. Nightly activity mainly was a function of the temperature on that night. We recorded low-phonic bats (most likely big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus) down to −4°C, but most activity occurred when twilight temperatures were > 0°C. Mid-phonic bat activity (most likely eastern red bats, Lasiurus borealis) occurred when temperatures were > 0°C, with most activity occurring when temperatures were > 5°C. Wind speeds > 6 m/s tended to suppress activity. The duration of inactive periods during cold spells had no effect on activity during subsequent warm nights, indicating no increasing drive for activity following long periods of inactivity. Most activity occurred within a few hours of sunset, regardless of temperature. Little pre-sunset activity was recorded in low-phonic bats, but mid-phonic bats sometimes were active in the hour before sunset. Our results suggest widespread and potentially long-distance travel by bats across our study area during warm periods, but the impetus behind this activity remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Arndt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, USA
| | - Steven L Lima
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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Costa TD, Santos CD, Rainho A, Abedi-Lartey M, Fahr J, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN. Assessing roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) through tri-axial acceleration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242662. [PMID: 33226991 PMCID: PMC7682868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of wildlife by humans is a worldwide phenomenon that contributes to the loss of biodiversity. It can impact animals' behaviour and physiology, and this can lead to changes in species distribution and richness. Wildlife disturbance has mostly been assessed through direct observation. However, advances in bio-logging provide a new range of sensors that may allow measuring disturbance of animals with high precision and remotely, and reducing the effects of human observers. We used tri-axial accelerometers to identify daytime flights of roosting straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), which were used as a proxy for roost disturbance. This bat species roosts on trees in large numbers (often reaching hundreds of thousands of animals), making them highly vulnerable to disturbance. We captured and tagged 46 straw-coloured fruit bats with dataloggers, containing a global positioning system (GPS) and an accelerometer, in five roosts in Ghana, Burkina Faso and Zambia. Daytime roost flights were identified from accelerometer signatures and modelled against our activity in the roosts during the days of trapping, as a predictor of roost disturbance, and natural stressors (solar irradiance, precipitation and wind speed). We found that daytime roost flight probability increased during days of trapping and with increasing solar irradiance (which may reflect the search for shade to prevent overheating). Our results validate the use of accelerometers to measure roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats and suggest that these devices may be very useful in conservation monitoring programs for large fruit bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Domingues Costa
- cE3c –Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos D. Santos
- Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, Belém, Brazil
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Ana Rainho
- cE3c –Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Abedi-Lartey
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kerches-Rogeri P, Niebuhr BB, Muylaert RL, Mello MAR. Individual specialization in the use of space by frugivorous bats. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2584-2595. [PMID: 32895967 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations are not homogenous systems but sets of individuals that occupy subsets of the species' niche. This phenomenon is known as individual specialization. Recently, several studies found evidence of individual specialization in animal diets. Diet is a critical dimension of a species' niche that affects several other dimensions, including space use, which has been poorly studied under the light of individual specialization. In this study, which harnesses the framework of the movement ecology paradigm and uses yellow-shouldered bats Sturnira lilium as a model, we ask how food preferences lead individual bats of the same population to forage mainly in different locations and habitats. Ten individual bats were radiotracked in a heterogeneous Brazilian savanna. First, we modelled intraspecific variation in space use as a network of individual bats and the landscape elements visited by them. Second, we developed two novel metrics, the spatial individual specialization index (SpatIS) and the spatial individual complementary specialization index (SpatICS). Additionally, we tested food-plant availability as a driver of interindividual differences in space use. There was large interindividual variation in space use not explained by sex or weight. Our results point to individual specialization in space use in the studied population of S. lilium, most probably linked to food-plant distribution. Individual specialization affects not only which plant species frugivores consume, but also the way they move in space, ultimately with consequences for seed dispersal and landscape connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, Brazil.,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Vásquez DA, Grez AA, Rodríguez-San Pedro A. Species-specific effects of moonlight on insectivorous bat activity in central Chile. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Moonlight intensity influences the activity patterns of bats. Some bat species reduce their activity levels during brighter nights, a phenomenon known as “lunar phobia.” While lunar phobia of bats has been extensively studied in tropical regions, the same is not the case of bats in temperate regions. By using acoustic detectors, we examined differences in the activity of insectivorous bats on nights with different moonlight intensity in an agricultural landscape of central Chile. We also examined the hourly activity patterns throughout the night and how these varied between full and new moon nights. All bat species modified their activity based on the moonlight intensity; however, their effects were species-specific. The activity of Lasiurus varius, L. villosissimus, Myotis chiloensis, and Histiotus montanus was lower during bright nights, while Tadarida brasiliensis was the only species whose activity was higher during bright nights. Hourly activity throughout the night differed between full moon nights and new moon nights in most bat species. During full moon, bats concentrated their activities in the early hours of the nights; a more homogeneous activity pattern was exhibited during new moon night. Our study demonstrates that moonlight affects the activity of bats in Chile, a factor that should be considered when studying bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Audrey A Grez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
- Bioecos E.I.R.L., Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Programa para la Conservación de Murciélagos de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Tanalgo KC, Monfort N, Hughes AC. Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2020.1771773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krizler Cejuela Tanalgo
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan Province, P.R. China (E-mail: )
| | - Norma Monfort
- Philippine Bats for Peace Foundation Inc., 5 Ramona Townhomes, Guadalupe Village, Lanang, 8000 Davao City, The Republic of the Philippines
| | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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43
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Rocha R, López-Baucells A, Farneda FZ, Ferreira DF, Silva I, Acácio M, Palmeirim JM, Meyer CFJ. Second-growth and small forest clearings have little effect on the temporal activity patterns of Amazonian phyllostomid bats. Curr Zool 2020; 66:145-153. [PMID: 32440274 PMCID: PMC7233614 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary forests and human-made forest gaps are conspicuous features of tropical landscapes. Yet, behavioral responses to these aspects of anthropogenically modified forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we analyze the effects of small human-made clearings and secondary forests on tropical bats by examining the guild- and species-level activity patterns of phyllostomids sampled in the Central Amazon, Brazil. Specifically, we contrast the temporal activity patterns and degree of temporal overlap of 6 frugivorous and 4 gleaning animalivorous species in old-growth forest and second-growth forest and of 4 frugivores in old-growth forest and forest clearings. The activity patterns of frugivores and gleaning animalivores did not change between old-growth forest and second-growth, nor did the activity patterns of frugivores between old-growth forest and clearings. However, at the species level, we detected significant differences for Artibeus obscurus (old-growth forest vs. second-growth) and A. concolor (old-growth forest vs. clearings). The degree of temporal overlap was greater than random in all sampled habitats. However, for frugivorous species, the degree of temporal overlap was similar between old-growth forest and second-growth; whereas for gleaning animalivores, it was lower in second-growth than in old-growth forest. On the contrary, forest clearings were characterized by increased temporal overlap between frugivores. Changes in activity patterns and temporal overlap may result from differential foraging opportunities and dissimilar predation risks. Yet, our analyses suggest that activity patterns of bats in second-growth and small forest clearings, 2 of the most prominent habitats in humanized tropical landscapes, varies little from the activity patterns in old-growth forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, Granollers, 08402, Spain
| | - Fábio Z Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diogo F Ferreira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Ecology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Marta Acácio
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
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44
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Lee YF, Kuo YM, Chu WC, Lin YH. Perch use by flycatching Rhinolophus formosae in relation to vegetation structure. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlycatching is relatively uncommon in insectivorous bats, yet members of the family Rhinolophidae constitute over one-half of the documented flycatching species. The Formosan woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus formosae, is among the largest in size and relies primarily on flycatching for foraging. We assessed perch use of flycatching R. formosae in relation to vegetation structure in tropical monsoon forests in southern Taiwan. We located bats using acoustic detectors in forest interior and edge-open forest sites, and measured perch features, dispersion of the nearest trees, and vegetation structure within a 5-m radius of each perch. The same measurements were applied to randomly selected perches in both habitats where bats were not detected. We found no seasonal effects or differences between used and random perches in perch features, dispersion of neighboring trees, or vegetation structure surrounding the perches. Perches used at edge-open forest sites were farther from the perch tree trunk and neighboring trees, and surrounded by larger trees than in forest interiors. In contrast, perches in forest interiors were surrounded by higher shrub and reef layers and greater canopy, shrub, and reef layer cover, than those at edge-open forests. Overall, perches in forest interiors were in more cluttered settings, containing higher vegetation obstacles than edge-open habitats. In both habitats, vegetation obstacles generally increased in a curvilinear manner when moving horizontally and downward from the perch. However, in forest interiors perches used by bats had significantly lower vegetation obstacles horizontally and downwardly and were less cluttered than randomly selected perches. Overall, our results indicate that R. formosae in forest interiors selectively used perches associated with more open space that allows for more maneuverable sally flights and a longer detection range suitable for its exceptionally low constant frequency calls to explore less cluttered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fu Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Min Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Chu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, Taiwan
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45
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Perks SJ, Goodenough AE. Abiotic and spatiotemporal factors affect activity of European bat species and have implications for detectability for acoustic surveys. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Perks
- S. J. Perks (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-8059) ✉ and A. E. Goodenough, School of Natural and Social Sciences, Francis Close Hall, Univ. of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, GL50 4AZ, UK
| | - Anne E. Goodenough
- S. J. Perks (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-8059) ✉ and A. E. Goodenough, School of Natural and Social Sciences, Francis Close Hall, Univ. of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, GL50 4AZ, UK
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46
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Lima SL, Lee JK. Is social coordination during escape flights a general phenomenon in birds? Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Lima
- Department of Biology Indiana State University Terre Haute IN USA
| | - Jong Koo Lee
- Department of Biology Indiana State University Terre Haute IN USA
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47
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Morningstar DE, Robinson CV, Shokralla S, Hajibabaei M. Interspecific competition in bats and diet shifts in response to white‐nose syndrome. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek E. Morningstar
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Chloe V. Robinson
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics & Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics & Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Mehrdad Hajibabaei
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics & Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
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48
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Appel G, López-Baucells A, Magnusson WE, Bobrowiec PED. Temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity effects on activity of tropical insectivorous bats. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extrinsic factors that most influence animal activity are weather and light conditions, which can be assessed at hourly, monthly, and even lunar-cycle timescales. We evaluated the responses of tropical aerial-insectivorous bats to temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity within and among nights. Temperature positively affected the activity of two species (Cormura brevirostris and Saccopteryx bilineata). Moonlight reduced Myotis riparius activity and increased the activity of Pteronotus rubiginosus and S. leptura. Rainfall can promote an irregular activity peak during the night compared to nights without rainfall, but the bats in our study were not active for a longer time after a rainfall event. Our findings indicate that moonlight and temperature are the variables with the highest impact on the activity of tropical insectivorous bat species and that some species are sensitive to small variations in rainfall among and within nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulliana Appel
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, c/Palaudàries, Granollers, Spain
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49
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Blakey RV, Webb EB, Kesler DC, Siegel RB, Corcoran D, Johnson M. Bats in a changing landscape: Linking occupancy and traits of a diverse montane bat community to fire regime. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5324-5337. [PMID: 31110682 PMCID: PMC6509396 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are increasing in incidence and severity across coniferous forests of the western United States, leading to changes in forest structure and wildlife habitats. Knowledge of how species respond to fire-driven habitat changes in these landscapes is limited and generally disconnected from our understanding of adaptations that underpin responses to fire.We aimed to investigate drivers of occupancy of a diverse bat community in a fire-altered landscape, while identifying functional traits that underpinned these relationships.We recorded bats acoustically at 83 sites (n = 249 recording nights) across the Plumas National Forest in the northern Sierra Nevada over 3 summers (2015-2017). We investigated relationships between fire regime, physiographic variables, forest structure and probability of bat occupancy for nine frequently detected species. We used fourth-corner regression and RLQ analysis to identify ecomorphological traits driving species-environment relationships across 17 bat species. Traits included body mass; call frequency, bandwidth, and duration; and foraging strategy based on vegetation structure (open, edge, or clutter).Relationships between bat traits and fire regime were underpinned by adaptations to diverse forest structure. Bats with traits adapting them to foraging in open habitats, including emitting longer duration and narrow bandwidth calls, were associated with higher severity and more frequent fires, whereas bats with traits consistent with clutter tolerance were negatively associated with fire frequency and burn severity. Relationships between edge-adapted bat species and fire were variable and may be influenced by prey preference or habitat configuration at a landscape scale.Predicted increases in fire frequency and severity in western US coniferous forests are likely to shift dominance in the bat community to open-adapted species and those able to exploit postfire resource pulses (aquatic insects, beetles, and snags). Managing for pyrodiversity within the western United States is likely important for maintaining bat community diversity, as well as diversity of other biotic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Blakey
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
- The Institute for Bird PopulationsPoint ReyesCalifornia
| | - Elisabeth B. Webb
- US Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | | | | | - Derek Corcoran
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
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50
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Wong ACP, Li X, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:E174. [PMID: 30791586 PMCID: PMC6409556 DOI: 10.3390/v11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are a unique group of mammals of the order Chiroptera. They are highly diversified and are the group of mammals with the second largest number of species. Such highly diversified cell types and receptors facilitate them to be potential hosts of a large variety of viruses. Bats are the only group of mammals capable of sustained flight, which enables them to disseminate the viruses they harbor and enhance the chance of interspecies transmission. This article aims at reviewing the various aspects of the global epidemiology of bat coronaviruses (CoVs). Before the SARS epidemic, bats were not known to be hosts for CoVs. In the last 15 years, bats have been found to be hosts of >30 CoVs with complete genomes sequenced, and many more if those without genome sequences are included. Among the four CoV genera, only alphaCoVs and betaCoVs have been found in bats. As a whole, both alphaCoVs and betaCoVs have been detected from bats in Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America and Australasia; but alphaCoVs seem to be more widespread than betaCoVs, and their detection rate is also higher. For betaCoVs, only those from subgenera Sarbecovirus, Merbecovirus, Nobecovirus and Hibecovirus have been detected in bats. Most notably, horseshoe bats are the reservoir of SARS-CoV, and several betaCoVs from subgenus Merbecovirus are closely related to MERS-CoV. In addition to the interactions among various bat species themselves, bat⁻animal and bat⁻human interactions, such as the presence of live bats in wildlife wet markets and restaurants in Southern China, are important for interspecies transmission of CoVs and may lead to devastating global outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C P Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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