1
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Kopeček J. Hydrophilic biomaterials: From crosslinked and self-assembled hydrogels to polymer-drug conjugates and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 373:1-22. [PMID: 38734315 PMCID: PMC11384549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This "Magnum Opus" accentuates my lifelong belief that the future of science is in the interdisciplinary approach to hypotheses formulation and problem solving. Inspired by the invention of hydrogels and soft contact lenses by my mentors, my six decades of research have continuously proceeded from the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels to the development of polymer-drug conjugates, then generation of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) and finally to multi-antigen T cell hybridizers (MATCH). This interdisciplinary journey was inspiring; the lifetime feeling that one is a beginner in some aspects of the research is a driving force that keeps the enthusiasm high. Also, I wanted to illustrate that systematic research in one wide area can be a life-time effort without the need to jump to areas that are temporarily en-vogue. In addition to generating general scientific knowledge, hydrogels from my laboratory have been transferred to the clinic, polymer-drug conjugates to clinical trials, and drug-free macromolecular systems have an excellent potential for personalizing patient therapies. There is a limit to life but no limit to imagination. I anticipate that systematic basic research will contribute to the expansion of our knowledge and create a foundation for the design of new paradigms based on the comprehension of mechanisms of physiological processes. The emerging novel platform technologies in biomaterial-based devices and implants as well as in personalized nanomedicines will ultimately impact clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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2
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Li J, Gambles MT, Jones B, Williams JA, Camp NJ, Shami PJ, Yang J, Kopeček J. Human serum albumin-based drug-free macromolecular therapeutics induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient cells by crosslinking of CD20 and/or CD38 receptors. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2203-2215. [PMID: 38802679 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the efficacy of human serum albumin (HSA)-based Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics (DFMT) in treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), a prevalent adult leukemia subtype. DFMT, a novel strategy, employs biomimetic crosslinking of CD20 and CD38 receptors on malignant B cells without the need for low molecular weight drugs. Apoptosis is initiated via a two-step process: i) Recognition of a bispecific engager, Fab' fragment conjugated with morpholino oligonucleotide (Fab'-MORF1), by a cell surface antigen; followed by ii) crosslinking of the MORF1-decorated cells with a multivalent effector, HSA holding multiple copies of complementary MORF2, HSA-(MORF2)x. Herein we evaluated the efficacy of HSA-based DFMT in the treatment of 56 samples isolated from patients diagnosed with CLL. Fab' fragments from Obinutuzumab (OBN) and Isatuximab (ISA) were employed in the synthesis of anti-CD20 (Fab'OBN-MORF1) and anti-CD38 (Fab'ISA-MORF1) bispecific engagers. The efficacy of DFMT was significantly influenced by the expression levels of CD20 and CD38 receptors. Dual-targeting DFMT strategies (CD20 + CD38) were more effective than single-target approaches, particularly in samples with elevated receptor expression. Pretreatment of patient cells with gemcitabine or ricolinostat markedly increased cell surface CD20 and CD38 expression, respectively. Apoptosis was effectively initiated in 62.5% of CD20-targeted samples and in 42.9% of CD38-targeted samples. Our findings demonstrate DFMT's potential in personalized CLL therapy. Further research is needed to validate these outcomes in a larger number of patient samples and to explore DFMT's applicability to other malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Antigens, CD20
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Serum Albumin, Human/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, 2030 East 20 South, Biopolymers Research Building, Room 205B, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-9452, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - M Tommy Gambles
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, 2030 East 20 South, Biopolymers Research Building, Room 205B, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-9452, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brandt Jones
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Justin A Williams
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, 2030 East 20 South, Biopolymers Research Building, Room 205B, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-9452, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, 2030 East 20 South, Biopolymers Research Building, Room 205B, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-9452, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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3
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Damlaj M. Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4550. [PMID: 37760519 PMCID: PMC10526328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite their generally favorable safety profiles, particular toxicities such as infections, cytokine release syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity after BiAb/BiTE therapy raise valid concerns. Moreover, target antigen loss and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hematological neoplasms facilitate resistance towards BiTEs/BiAbs. This review aims to highlight the most recent evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of BiAbs/BiTEs. Additionally, the review will provide mechanistic insights into the limitations of BiAbs whilst outlining practical applications and strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (O.A.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Moussab Damlaj
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates;
- College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Li Q, Ma N, Li X, Yang C, Zhang W, Xiong J, Zhu L, Li J, Wen Q, Gao L, Yang C, Rao L, Gao L, Zhang X, Rao J. Reverse effect of Semaphorin-3F on rituximab resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via the Hippo pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1448-1458. [PMID: 37114652 PMCID: PMC10278727 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the underlying mechanism of rituximab resistance is critical to improve the outcomes of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we tried to identify the effects of the axon guidance factor semaphorin-3F (SEMA3F) on rituximab resistance as well as its therapeutic value in DLBCL. METHODS The effects of SEMA3F on the treatment response to rituximab were investigated by gain- or loss-of-function experiments. The role of the Hippo pathway in SEMA3F-mediated activity was explored. A xenograft mouse model generated by SEMA3F knockdown in cells was used to evaluate rituximab sensitivity and combined therapeutic effects. The prognostic value of SEMA3F and TAZ (WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1) was examined in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and human DLBCL specimens. RESULTS We found that loss of SEMA3F was related to a poor prognosis in patients who received rituximab-based immunochemotherapy instead of chemotherapy regimen. Knockdown of SEMA3F significantly repressed the expression of CD20 and reduced the proapoptotic activity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity induced by rituximab. We further demonstrated that the Hippo pathway was involved in the SEMA3F-mediated regulation of CD20. Knockdown of SEMA3F expression induced the nuclear accumulation of TAZ and inhibited CD20 transcriptional levels via direct binding of the transcription factor TEAD2 and the CD20 promoter. Moreover, in patients with DLBCL, SEMA3F expression was negatively correlated with TAZ, and patients with SEMA3F low TAZ high had a limited benefit from a rituximab-based strategy. Specifically, treatment of DLBCL cells with rituximab and a YAP/TAZ inhibitor showed promising therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo . CONCLUSION Our study thus defined a previously unknown mechanism of SEMA3F-mediated rituximab resistance through TAZ activation in DLBCL and identified potential therapeutic targets in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Naya Ma
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingkang Xiong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lingyi Rao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Li Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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5
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CD52 and OXPHOS-potential targets in ibrutinib-treated mantle cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:505. [PMID: 36587029 PMCID: PMC9805448 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Altered features of tumor cells acquired across therapy can result in the survival of treatment-resistant clones that may cause minimal residual disease (MRD). Despite the efficacy of ibrutinib in treating relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, the obstacle of residual cells contributes to relapses of this mature B-cell neoplasm, and the disease remains incurable. RNA-seq analysis of an ibrutinib-sensitive mantle cell lymphoma cell line following ibrutinib incubation of up to 4 d, corroborated our previously postulated resistance mechanism of a metabolic switch to reliance on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in surviving cells. Besides, we had shown that treatment-persisting cells were characterized by increased CD52 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining ibrutinib with another agent targeting these potential escape mechanisms could minimize the risk of survival of ibrutinib-resistant cells. Concomitant use of ibrutinib with OXPHOS-inhibitor IACS-010759 increased toxicity compared to ibrutinib alone. Targeting CD52 was even more efficient, as addition of CD52 mAb in combination with human serum following ibrutinib pretreatment led to rapid complement-dependent-cytotoxicity in an ibrutinib-sensitive cell line. In primary mantle cell lymphoma cells, a higher toxic effect with CD52 mAb was obtained, when cells were pretreated with ibrutinib, but only in an ibrutinib-sensitive cohort. Given the challenge of treating multi-resistant mantle cell lymphoma patients, this work highlights the potential use of anti-CD52 therapy as consolidation after ibrutinib treatment in patients who responded to the BTK inhibitor to achieve MRD negativity and prolong progression-free survival.
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6
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Grzelak L, Roesch F, Vaysse A, Biton A, Legendre R, Porrot F, Commère PH, Planchais C, Mouquet H, Vignuzzi M, Bruel T, Schwartz O. IRF8 regulates efficacy of therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1648-1661. [PMID: 36030374 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab, Ofatumumab, and Obinutuzumab are widely used to treat lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. They act by depleting B cells, mainly through Fc-dependent effectors functions. Some patients develop resistance to treatment but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify genes regulating the efficacy of anti-CD20 antibodies. We used as a model the killing of RAJI B cells by Rituximab through complement-dependent-cytotoxicity (CDC). As expected, the screen identified MS4A1, encoding CD20, the target of Rituximab. Among other identified genes, the role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) was validated in two B-cell lines. IRF8 KO also decreased the efficacy of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis (ADCC and ADCP) induced by anti-CD20 antibodies. We further show that IRF8 is necessary for efficient CD20 transcription. Levels of IRF8 and CD20 RNA or proteins correlated in normal B cells and in hundreds of malignant B cells. Therefore, IRF8 regulates CD20 expression and controls the depleting capacity of anti-CD20 antibodies. Our results bring novel insights into the pathways underlying resistance to CD20-targeting immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Grzelak
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC), Université Paris Cité, France
| | | | - Amaury Vaysse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratoire Immunologie Humorale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratoire Immunologie Humorale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Unité des Populations virales et pathogenèse, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur & Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Markovič T, Podgornik H, Avsec D, Nabergoj S, Mlinarič-Raščan I. The Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in B-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma Following Activation of Prostaglandin EP4 Receptor and Targeting of CD20 Antigen by Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031599. [PMID: 35163524 PMCID: PMC8835876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, many patients do not respond to such treatment due to either deficiency of the complementary immune response or resistance to apoptosis. Other currently available treatments are often inadequate or induce major side effects. Therefore, there is a constant need for improved therapies. The prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for hematologic B-cell malignancies. Herein, we report that EP4 receptor agonists PgE1-OH and L-902688 have exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity when applied together with anti-CD20 MAbs rituximab, ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in vitro in Burkitt lymphoma cells Ramos, as well as in p53-deficient chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells MEC-1. Moreover, the enhanced cytotoxic effects of EP4 receptor agonists and MAbs targeting CD20 have been identified ex vivo on primary lymphocytes B obtained from patients diagnosed with CLL. Incubation of cells with PgE1-OH and L-902688 preserved the expression of CD20 molecules, further confirming the anti-leukemic potential of EP4 receptor agonists in combination with anti-CD20 MAbs. Additionally, we demonstrated that the EP4 receptor agonist PgE-1-OH induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation via the EP4 receptor triggering in CLL. This work has revealed very important findings leading towards the elucidation of the anticancer potential of PgE1-OH and L-902688, either alone or in combination with MAbs. This may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic alternatives for patients with B-cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Markovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Helena Podgornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Avsec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (H.P.); (D.A.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang J, Yang J, Kopeček J. Nanomedicines in B cell-targeting therapies. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:1-19. [PMID: 34687954 PMCID: PMC8678319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells play multiple roles in immune responses related to autoimmune diseases as well as different types of cancers. As such, strategies focused on B cell targeting attracted wide interest and developed intensively. There are several common mechanisms various B cell targeting therapies have relied on, including direct B cell depletion, modulation of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, targeting B cell survival factors, targeting the B cell and T cell costimulation, and immune checkpoint blockade. Nanocarriers, used as drug delivery vehicles, possess numerous advantages to low molecular weight drugs, reducing drug toxicity, enhancing blood circulation time, as well as augmenting targeting efficacy and improving therapeutic effect. Herein, we review the commonly used targets involved in B cell targeting approaches and the utilization of various nanocarriers as B cell-targeted delivery vehicles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As B cells are engaged significantly in the development of many kinds of diseases, utilization of nanomedicines in B cell depletion therapies have been rapidly developed. Although numerous studies focused on B cell targeting have already been done, there are still various potential receptors awaiting further investigation. This review summarizes the most relevant studies that utilized nanotechnologies associated with different B cell depletion approaches, providing a useful tool for selection of receptors, agents and/or nanocarriers matching specific diseases. Along with uncovering new targets in the function map of B cells, there will be a growing number of candidates that can benefit from nanoscale drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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9
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Pavlasova G, Mraz M. The regulation and function of CD20: an "enigma" of B-cell biology and targeted therapy. Haematologica 2021; 105:1494-1506. [PMID: 32482755 PMCID: PMC7271567 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab, or obinutuzumab improved the therapy of B-cell malignancies even though the precise physiological role and regulation of CD20 remains unclear. Furthermore, CD20 expression is highly variable between different B-cell malignancies, patients with the same malignancy, and even between intraclonal subpopulations in an individual patient. Several epigenetic (EZH2, HDAC1/2, HDAC1/4, HDAC6, complex Sin3A-HDAC1) and transcription factors (USF, OCT1/2, PU.1, PiP, ELK1, ETS1, SP1, NFκB, FOXO1, CREM, SMAD2/3) regulating CD20 expression (encoded by MS4A1) have been characterized. CD20 is induced in the context of microenvironmental interactions by CXCR4/SDF1 (CXCL12) chemokine signaling and the molecular function of CD20 has been linked to the signaling propensity of B-cell receptor (BCR). CD20 has also been shown to interact with multiple other surface proteins on B cells (such as CD40, MHCII, CD53, CD81, CD82, and CBP). Current efforts to combine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies with BCR signaling inhibitors targeting BTK or PI3K (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, idelalisib, duvelisib) or BH3-mimetics (venetoclax) lead to the necessity to better understand both the mechanisms of regulation and the biological functions of CD20. This is underscored by the observation that CD20 is decreased in response to the "BCR inhibitor" ibrutinib which largely prevents its successful combination with rituximab. Several small molecules (such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyl-transferase inhibitors, aurora kinase A/B inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, FOXO1 inhibitors, and bryostatin-1) are being tested to upregulate cell-surface CD20 levels and increase the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we review the current understanding of CD20 function, and the mechanisms of its regulation in normal and malignant B cells, highlighting the therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pavlasova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Yamasaki S, Kada A, Choi I, Iida H, Sekiguchi N, Harada N, Sawamura M, Shimomura T, Komeno T, Yano T, Yoshida I, Yoshida S, Sunami K, Hishita T, Takatsuki H, Ohshima K, Takeshita M, Saito AM, Iwasaki H, Nagai H. Phase II study of dose-adjusted gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab in elderly relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. EJHAEM 2020; 1:507-516. [PMID: 35844987 PMCID: PMC9176064 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are too toxic for elderly patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Therefore, effective and tolerable regimens for elderly patients are urgently needed. The present phase II study assessed the efficacy and safety of dose-adjusted therapy with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab (GDP-R) in this population. ASCT-ineligible elderly patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL received dose-adjusted GDP-R in each 28-day cycle for up to six cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints were complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Thirty-three patients were enrolled and received dose-adjusted GDP-R. The median age was 75 years (range: 68-87 years). The ORR was 82.8% (90% confidence interval [CI], 67.1-93.0%), with a CR rate of 58.6% (90% CI, 41.7-74.1%). At a median follow-up of 20.9 months, the 2-year PFS rate was 46.8% (90% CI, 30.7-61.5%) and the 2-year overall survival rate was 63.2% (90% CI, 45.8-76.3%). The most frequently observed grade 4 adverse events were neutropenia (63.6%), thrombocytopenia (57.6%), and lymphocytopenia (39.4%). Dose-adjusted GDP-R is a promising salvage regimen for ASCT-ineligible elderly patients with relapsed DLBCL after rituximab-containing chemotherapy and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamasaki
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical CenterFukuokaJapan
| | - Akiko Kada
- Clinical Research CenterNational Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
| | - Ilseung Choi
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer CenterFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroatsu Iida
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
| | - Naohiro Sekiguchi
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTachikawaJapan
| | - Naoko Harada
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical CenterKumamotoJapan
| | - Morio Sawamura
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical CenterShibukawaJapan
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Hiroshimanishi Medical CenterOtakeJapan
| | - Takuya Komeno
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Mito Medical CenterIbarakiJapan
| | - Takahiro Yano
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Isao Yoshida
- Department of Hematologic OncologyNational Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer CenterMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical CenterOmuraJapan
| | - Kazutaka Sunami
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Terutoshi Hishita
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Himeji Medical CenterHimejiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuki
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Kokura Medical CenterKitakyushuJapan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineKurume UniversityKurumeJapan
| | | | - Akiko M. Saito
- Clinical Research CenterNational Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical CenterFukuokaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of HematologyNational Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical CenterNagoyaJapan
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11
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Zou L, Song G, Gu S, Kong L, Sun S, Yang L, Cho WC. Mechanism and Treatment of Rituximab Resistance in Diffuse Large Bcell Lymphoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:681-687. [PMID: 31142246 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190126125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype B non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. After rituximab being introduced to treat DLBCL, the current first-line treatment is R-CHOP regimen. This regimen greatly improves patient's prognosis, however, relapsed or refractory cases are commonly seen, mainly due to the resistance to rituximab. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to investigate rituximab resistance, the exac mechanisms and solutions are still unclear. This review mainly explores the possible mechanisms oft rituximab resistance and current new effective treatments for rituximab resistance in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zou
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Yamasaki S, Kada A, Nagai H, Yoshida I, Choi I, Miyata Y, Miyazawa Y, Saito A, Iwasaki H. Rituximab-Mediated Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Enhanced by Gemcitabine in Older Patients with Previously Rituximab-Treated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Study Protocol. Kurume Med J 2020; 66:37-42. [PMID: 31787704 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms661001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is too toxic for elderly patients with relapsed or refractory (DLBCL). Therefore, tolerable and efficient salvage regimens for elderly patients are greatly needed. In this study, therapy with rituximab, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (R-GDP) will be performed every 4 weeks, and an interim evaluation will be performed after the completion of the 3rd course. If a complete response (CR) is achieved at the time of interim evaluation, 1 course of R-GDP therapy and 2 courses of monotherapy with rituximab will be additionally performed. If a partial response (PR) is achieved, 3 courses of R-GDP therapy will be additionally conducted. In patients without a PR or CR by the time of the interim evaluation, treatment will be discontinued. Treatment will also be discontinued at any point if disease progression is observed during protocol treatment. After the completion of the final course of R-GDP therapy, final effects of the regimen will be evaluated. A primary endpoint is the efficacy of R-GDP therapy (CR and response rates). This is the first multicenter phase II clinical study of R-GDP therapy to examine post-treatment activities of daily living in addition to the safety and efficacy of treatment in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory transplantineligible DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamasaki
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Akiko Kada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Isao Yoshida
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center
| | - Ilseung Choi
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center
| | - Yasuhiko Miyata
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Yuri Miyazawa
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma National Hospital
| | - Akiko Saito
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center
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13
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Song L, Chen Y, Ding J, Wu H, Zhang W, Ma M, Zang F, Wang Z, Gu N, Zhang Y. Rituximab conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted imaging and enhanced treatment against CD20-positive lymphoma. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:895-907. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Fe3O4-PEG-nAb multivalent nanoprobes provide a possible avenue to improve the cancer therapy of rituximab towards clinical application.
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14
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Wang J, Li L, Yang J, Clair PM, Glenn MJ, Stephens DM, Radford DC, Kosak KM, Deininger MW, Shami PJ, Kopeček J. Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics induce apoptosis in cells isolated from patients with B cell malignancies with enhanced apoptosis induction by pretreatment with gemcitabine. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 16:217-225. [PMID: 30639670 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) is a new paradigm for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Apoptosis is initiated by the biorecognition of complementary oligonucleotide motifs at the cell surface resulting in crosslinking of CD20 receptors. DMFT is composed from two nanoconjugates: 1) bispecific engager, Fab'-MORF1 (anti-CD20 Fab' fragment conjugated with morpholino oligonucleotide), and 2) a crosslinking (effector) component P-(MORF2)X (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer grafted with multiple copies of complementary morpholino oligonucleotide). We evaluated this concept in 44 samples isolated from patients diagnosed with various subtypes of B cell malignancies. Apoptosis was observed in 65.9% of the samples tested. Pretreatment of cells with gemcitabine (GEM) or polymer-gemcitabine conjugate (2P-GEM) enhanced CD20 expression levels thus increasing apoptosis induced by DFMT. These positive results demonstrated that DFMT has remarkable therapeutic potential in various subtypes of B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martha J Glenn
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah M Stephens
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ken M Kosak
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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15
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Idda M, Lodde V, McClusky W, Martindale J, Yang X, Munk R, Steri M, Orrù V, Mulas A, Cucca F, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Cooperative translational control of polymorphic BAFF by NF90 and miR-15a. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:12040-12051. [PMID: 30272251 PMCID: PMC6294513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in untranslated regions (UTRs) of disease-associated mRNAs can alter protein production. We recently identified a genetic variant in the 3'UTR of the TNFSF13B gene, encoding the cytokine BAFF (B-cell-activating factor), that generates an alternative polyadenylation site yielding a shorter, more actively translated variant, BAFF-var mRNA. Accordingly, individuals bearing the TNFSF13B variant had higher circulating BAFF and elevated risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms controlling the enhanced translation of BAFF-var mRNA. We identified nuclear factor 90 (NF90, also known as ILF3) as an RNA-binding protein that bound preferentially the wild-type (BAFF-WT mRNA) but not BAFF-var mRNA in human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. NF90 selectively suppressed BAFF translation by recruiting miR-15a to the 3'UTR of BAFF-WT mRNA. Our results uncover a paradigm whereby an autoimmunity-causing BAFF polymorphism prevents NF90-mediated recruitment of microRNAs to suppress BAFF translation, raising the levels of disease-associated BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Idda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Valeria Lodde
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Waverly G McClusky
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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16
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Yang J, Li L, Kopeček J. Biorecognition: A key to drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. Biomaterials 2018; 190-191:11-23. [PMID: 30391799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a new paradigm in macromolecular nanomedicine - drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT). The effectiveness of the new system is based on biorecognition events without the participation of low molecular weight drugs. Apoptosis of cells can be initiated by the biorecognition of complementary peptide/oligonucleotide motifs at the cell surface resulting in the crosslinking of slowly internalizing receptors. B-cell CD20 receptors and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were chosen as the first target. Exposing cells to a conjugate of one motif with a targeting ligand decorates the cells with this motif. Further exposure of decorated cells to a macromolecule (synthetic polymer or human serum albumin) containing multiple copies of the complementary motif as grafts results in receptor crosslinking and apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. The review focuses on recent developments and explores the mechanism of action of DFMT. The altered molecular signaling pathways demonstrated the great potential of DFMT to overcome rituximab resistance resulting from either down-regulation of CD20 or endocytosis and trogocytosis of rituximab/CD20 complexes. The suitability of this approach for the treatment of blood borne cancers is confirmed. In addition, the widespread applicability of DFMT as a new concept in macromolecular therapeutics for numerous diseases is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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17
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Gemcitabine-oxaliplatin plus rituximab (R-GemOx) as first-line treatment in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2018; 5:e261-e269. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(18)30054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Freeman CL, Sehn LH. A tale of two antibodies: obinutuzumabversusrituximab. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:29-45. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara L. Freeman
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer; British Columbia Cancer and the University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Laurie H. Sehn
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer; British Columbia Cancer and the University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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19
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Li L, Yang J, Wang J, Kopeček J. Amplification of CD20 Cross-Linking in Rituximab-Resistant B-Lymphoma Cells Enhances Apoptosis Induction by Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3658-3670. [PMID: 29595951 PMCID: PMC5916500 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the CD20-targeted monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for B-cell malignancy, relapsed and refractory disease due to RTX resistance continue to constitute major challenges, illustrating the need for better therapies. Here, we apply drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) that amplifies CD20 cross-linking to enhance apoptosis in RTX-resistant cells. Bispecific engager (anti-CD20 Fab' conjugated with oligonucleotide1) pretargets CD20 and the deletion of Fc-region minimizes its premature endocytosis in resistant cells that rapidly internalize and consume CD20/RTX complexes. Second-step delivery of multivalent polymeric effector (linear copolymer conjugated with multiple copies of complementary oligonucleotide 2) simultaneously hybridizes multiple CD20-bound engagers and strengthens CD20 ligation. Moreover, the restoration of CD20 expression by the pretreatment of cells with a polymer-gemcitabine conjugate, a CD20 expression enhancer, unleashes the full potential of DFMT in the CD20-deficient resistant cells. Hence, amplification of CD20 cross-linking is achieved by (1) the enhancement of surface CD20 accessibility, (2) the increase in CD20 expression, and (3) multimeric CD20 binding, which ultimately translates into the amplified activation of a wide range of innate apoptotic responses. We demonstrated that the altered molecular signaling pathway that originally results in RTX resistance could be circumvented and compensated by other DFMT-augmented pathways. Of note, our preliminary data provide proof-of-concept that CD20 cross-linking amplification emerges as an important strategy for overcoming RTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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20
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Yang G, Cao Y, Yan B, Lv Q, Yu J, Zhao F, Chen Z, Yang H, Chen M, Jin Z. Application of a double-colour upconversion nanofluorescent probe for targeted imaging of mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16758-16774. [PMID: 29682183 PMCID: PMC5908284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are a new type of fluorescent marker in biomedical imaging that can convert a longer wavelength (such as near-infrared fluorescence) into a shorter wavelength (such as visible light). Mantle cell lymphoma, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype (CD20+, CD5+). To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates. These antibody-UCNP conjugates were used as fluorescent probes to detect the CD20 or CD5 antigen. Due to the excessive expression of these antigens on the surface of MCL cells and successful strong connection between the antibody and UCNPs, the latter could specifically combine with mantle cell lymphoma cells. Upon near-infrared excitation at 980 nm, cells labelled with UCNPs emitted bright upconversion fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Heran Yang
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Chen
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zaishun Jin
- Pathology Department, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, P.R. China
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21
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Salinas-Jazmín N, González-González E, Vásquez-Bochm LX, Pérez-Tapia SM, Velasco-Velázquez MA. In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28518088 DOI: 10.3791/55542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are relevant to the treatment of different pathologies, including cancers. The development of biosimilar mAbs by pharmaceutical companies is a market opportunity, but it is also a strategy to increase drug accessibility and reduce therapy-associated costs. The protocols detailed here describe the evaluation of target binding and CDC induction by rituximab in Daudi cells. These two functions require different structural regions of the antibody and are relevant to the clinical effect induced by rituximab. The protocols allow the side-to-side comparison of a reference rituximab and a marketed rituximab biosimilar. The evaluated products showed differences both in target binding and CDC induction, suggesting that there are underlying physicochemical differences and highlighting the need to analyze the impact of those differences in the clinical setting. The methods reported here constitute simple and inexpensive in vitro models for the evaluation of the activity of rituximab biosimilars. Thus, they can be useful during biosimilar development, as well as for quality control in biosimilar production. Furthermore, the presented methods can be extrapolated to other therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Salinas-Jazmín
- Unit for Development and Research in Bioprocesses Unit (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), University of Mexico (UNAM); School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
| | - Edith González-González
- Unit for Development and Research in Bioprocesses Unit (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), University of Mexico (UNAM)
| | - Luz X Vásquez-Bochm
- Graduate Program in Chemical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Unit for Development Research and Medical Innovation in Biotechnology (UDIMEB), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN); Department of Immunology, National Scool of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN)
| | - Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Unit of Translational Biomedicine (CMN 20 de noviembre), School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM);
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Hayashi K, Nagasaki E, Kan S, Ito M, Kamata Y, Homma S, Aiba K. Gemcitabine enhances rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity to B cell lymphoma by CD20 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:682-9. [PMID: 26920337 PMCID: PMC4970836 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to CD20, has significantly improved the prognosis for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one-third of DLBCL patients demonstrate resistance to rituximab or relapse after rituximab treatment. Thus, a novel approach to rituximab-based treatment is likely to be required to improve the efficacy of DLBCL treatment. As complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a key mechanism mediating rituximab's tumoricidal activity, rituximab binding to CD20 on tumor cells is a critical factor for effective rituximab-based treatments against DLBCL. We found that gemcitabine (GEM), but not lenalidomide (LEN) or azacitidine (AZA), can upregulate CD20 expression in TK and KML-1 cells, two human DLBCL cell lines. Treatment of TK and KML-1 cells with GEM enhanced CD20 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. CD20 upregulation by GEM treatment was accompanied by increased rituximab binding to CD20. In TK cells, GEM treatment synergistically increased rituximab-mediated CDC activity in a dose-dependent manner. In KML cells, GEM treatment also induced upregulation of complement regulatory proteins, possibly leading to resistance to CDC. Treatment with LEN, a drug that did not upregulate CD20, did not enhance rituximab-mediated CDC activity. GEM treatment activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in these cells. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor to NF-kB suppressed GEM-induced CD20 upregulation, indicating that GEM-induced NF-kB activation is closely associated with CD20 upregulation. These results suggest that when used in combination, GEM might enhance the antitumor efficacy of rituximab against DLBCL due to its unique ability to upregulate CD20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hayashi
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aiba
- Division of Oncology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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