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Zhu Z, Ding D, Hu H, He T. Pen2/ErbB4 signaling regulates stemness of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167316. [PMID: 38901650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical for progression, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Presenilin enhancer 2 (Pen2), a vital component of the gamma-secretase complex, is overexpressed in various cancers and plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the association between Pen2 expression and the stem-like properties of PDAC cells. We analyzed Pen2 and its downstream target, Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ErbB4), using public databases. The expression of Pen2 in CSC populations, marked by CD133+, CD44+, or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)+, was evaluated. Pen2-positive cells were sorted from Pen2-negative ones in PDAC cells transduced with a vector designed to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the Pen2 promoter. Stemness was examined in vitro and in vivo in Pen2-positive versus Pen2-negative cells. Our results showed that Pen2 was significantly upregulated, while ErbB4 was significantly downregulated in PDAC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumorous tissues, with an inverse relationship between Pen2 and Erbb4 levels. PDACs with high Pen2 expression are associated with considerably poorer patient survival. The CSC populations identified by CD133+, CD44+, and EpCAM+ markers displayed significantly higher Pen2 and lower EpCAM levels. Compared to Pen2-negative PDAC cells, Pen2-positive cells formed more tumor spheres, were more invasive and migratory, and showed significantly increased resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Altering Pen2 levels reversed these oncogenic effects. In vivo, Pen2-positive cells formed larger tumors in immunodeficient mice. Overall, our findings suggest that Pen2 is highly expressed in CSCs within PDAC cells, being a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Tianlin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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2
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Khan IR, Sadida HQ, Hashem S, Singh M, Macha MA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Khurshid I, Bhat AA. Therapeutic implications of signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment interactions in esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116873. [PMID: 38843587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and altered signaling pathways. Downregulating these pathways in EC is essential for suppressing tumor development, preventing metastasis, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This approach can increase tumor sensitivity to treatments, enhance patient outcomes, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and spread. The TME, comprising cellular and non-cellular elements surrounding the tumor, significantly influences EC's development, course, and treatment responsiveness. Understanding the complex relationships within the TME is crucial for developing successful EC treatments. Immunotherapy is a vital TME treatment for EC. However, the heterogeneity within the TME limits the application of anticancer drugs outside clinical settings. Therefore, identifying reliable microenvironmental biomarkers that can detect therapeutic responses before initiating therapy is crucial. Combining approaches focusing on EC signaling pathways with TME can enhance treatment outcomes. This integrated strategy aims to interfere with essential signaling pathways promoting cancer spread while disrupting factors encouraging tumor development. Unraveling aberrant signaling pathways and TME components can lead to more focused and efficient treatment approaches, identifying specific cellular targets for treatments. Targeting the TME and signaling pathways may reduce metastasis risk by interfering with mechanisms facilitating cancer cell invasion and dissemination. In conclusion, this integrative strategy has significant potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing EC research and therapy. This review discusses the altered signaling pathways and TME in EC, focusing on potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamu Rashid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Ibraq Khurshid
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar.
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Soleimani A, Saeedi N, Al-Asady AM, Nazari E, Hanaie R, Khazaei M, Ghorbani E, Akbarzade H, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Mehr SMH. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers: Biological Traits and Prognostic Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1386-1397. [PMID: 38623972 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128291321240329050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to self-renewal, differentiation, and limitless proliferation properties, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) increase the probability of tumor development. These cells are identified by using CSC markers, which are highly expressed proteins on the cell surface of CSCs. Recently, the therapeutic application of CSCs as novel biomarkers improved both the prognosis and diagnosis outcome of colorectal Cancer. In the present review, we focused on a specific panel of colorectal CSC markers, including LGR5, ALDH, CD166, CD133, and CD44, which offers a targeted and comprehensive analysis of their functions. The selection criteria for these markers cancer were based on their established significance in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and clinical outcomes, providing novel insights into the CSC biology of CRC. Through this approach, we aim to elevate understanding and stimulate further research for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Medical School, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaie
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbarzade
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
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Abou Hammoud A, Giraud J, Gauthereau X, Blanchard C, Daburon S, Zese M, Molina-Castro S, Dubus P, Varon C, Boeuf H. The "StemDif Sensor Test": A Straightforward, Non-Invasive Assay to Characterize the Secreted Stemness and/or Differentiation Activities of Tumor-Derived Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3293. [PMID: 38137514 PMCID: PMC10741605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by their ability to self-renew, induce tumors upon engraftment in animals and exhibit strong resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These cells exhibit numerous characteristics in common with embryonic stem cells, expressing some of their markers, typically absent in non-pathological adult differentiated cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of conditioned media from cancer stem cells to modulate the fate of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)-dependent murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a way to obtain a direct readout of the secretome of cancer cells. A functional assay, "the StemDif sensor test", was developed with two types of cancer stem cells derived from grade IV glioblastoma (adult and pediatric) or from gastric adenocarcinoma. We show that conditioned media from the selection of adult but not pediatric Glioma-Inducing Cells (GICs) maintain mESCs' pluripotency in correlation with LIF secretion and activation of STAT3 protein. In contrast, conditioned media from gastric adenocarcinoma cells display LIF-independent stemness and differentiation activities on mESC. Our test stands out for its user-friendly procedures, affordability and straightforward output, positioning it as a pioneering tool for in-depth exploration of cancer stem cell secretome characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abou Hammoud
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.A.H.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC-MIRCADE Team, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (S.M.-C.); (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Julie Giraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (S.M.-C.); (P.D.); (C.V.)
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, U5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, U5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Camille Blanchard
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.A.H.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
| | | | - Marco Zese
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.A.H.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Silvia Molina-Castro
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (S.M.-C.); (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (S.M.-C.); (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Christine Varon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.G.); (S.M.-C.); (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Helene Boeuf
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (A.A.H.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
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5
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Zhao H, Jiang R, Zhang C, Feng Z, Wang X. The regulatory role of cancer stem cell marker gene CXCR4 in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:86. [PMID: 37679408 PMCID: PMC10484911 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) are increasingly used for screening genes involved in carcinogenesis due to their capacity for dissecting cellular heterogeneity. This study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker gene CXCR4 in gastric cancer (GC) growth and metastasis through scRNA-seq combined with bulk RNA-seq. GC-related scRNA-seq data were downloaded from the GEO database, followed by UMAP cluster analysis. Non-malignant cells were excluded by the K-means algorithm. Bulk RNA-seq data and clinical sample information were downloaded from the UCSC Xena database. GO and KEGG pathway analyses validated the correlation between genes and pathways. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were used to examine the effect of perturbed CXCR4 on malignant phenotypes, tumorigenesis, and liver metastasis. A large number of highly variable genes were identified in GC tissue samples. The top 20 principal components were selected, and the cells were clustered into 6 cell types. The C4 cell cluster from malignant epithelial cells might be CSCs. CXCR4 was singled out as a marker gene of CSCs. GC patients with high CXCR4 expression had poor survival. Knockdown of CXCR4 inhibited the malignant phenotypes of CSCs in vitro and curtailed tumorigenesis and liver metastasis in nude mice. CSC marker gene CXCR4 may be a key gene facilitating malignant phenotypes of CSCs, which thus promotes tumor growth and liver metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, 221000, PR China.
| | - Rongke Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, 221000, PR China
| | | | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, 221000, PR China
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Esmaeili F, Shirzad M, Goodarzi G, Yousefi T, Maniati M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Anushiravani A. The critical role of circular RNAs in drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:116. [PMID: 36917431 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drug resistance (DR) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the main reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide, has become a serious problem in the management of patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for resistance to anticancer drugs, including altered transport and metabolism of drugs, mutation of drug targets, altered DNA repair system, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Compelling evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic factors are strongly linked to DR. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interferences are the most crucial epigenetic alterations explored so far, and among these ncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the most emerging members known to have unique properties. Due to the absence of 5' and 3' ends in these novel RNAs, the two ends are covalently bonded together and are generated from pre-mRNA in a process known as back-splicing, which makes them more stable than other RNAs. As far as the unique structure and function of circRNAs is concerned, they are implicated in proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and DR. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for circRNAs-mediated DR in the GI cancers will open a new window to the management of GI cancers. Hence, in the present review, we will describe briefly the biogenesis, multiple features, and different biological functions of circRNAs. Then, we will summarize current mechanisms of DR, and finally, discuss molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate DR development in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of English, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amir Anushiravani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Moreno-Londoño AP, Castañeda-Patlán MC, Alvarado-Ortiz E, Martínez-Morales JC, Robles-Flores M. Non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling is essential to promote self-renewal and proliferation in colon cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1121787. [PMID: 36969011 PMCID: PMC10036746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCancer Stem Cells (CSC) are responsible for maintaining tumor growth, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Therefore, understanding their characteristics is critical to progress in cancer therapy. While the contribution of the canonical Wnt/b-catenin signaling in both normal and CSCs had been well established, the function of non-canonical Wnt signaling cascades in stem cells is unclear. Recently, we reported that Wnt ligands trigger complex signaling in which the canonical and non-canonical responses can be simultaneously activated by one ligand in colon cancer cells, suggesting, therefore, that noncanonical Wnt pathways may also be important in CSCs.MethodsThe present work aimed to know the role of the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway in colon CSCs. We used tumorspheres as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/b-catenin contexts.ResultsUsing Wnt3a and Wnt5a as prototype ligands to activate the canonical or the non-canonical pathways, respectively, we found that both Wnt3a and Wnt5a promote sphere-formation capacity and proliferation without stimulating b-catenin-dependent transcription. Upregulation of sphere formation by Wnt5a or Wnt3a requires the downstream activation of Phospholipase C and transcriptional factor NFAT. Moreover, the single specific inhibition of PLC or NFAT, using U73122 and 11R-VIVIT, respectively, leads to impaired sphere formation.DiscussionOur results indicate that both types of ligands activate the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling axis to induce/maintain the self-renewal efficiency of CSCs, demonstrating to be essential for the functions of CSC in colon cancer.
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Canonical Wnt Pathway Is Involved in Chemoresistance and Cell Cycle Arrest Induction in Colon Cancer Cell Line Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065252. [PMID: 36982333 PMCID: PMC10049556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with the induction of drug resistance and disease recurrence after therapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used as the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its effectiveness may be limited by the induction of drug resistance in tumor cells. The Wnt pathway plays a key role in the development and CRC progression, but it is not clearly established how it is involved in CSCs resistance to treatment. This work aimed to investigate the role played by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CSCs resistance to 5FU treatment. Using tumor spheroids as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/β-catenin contexts, we found that 5FU induces in all CRC spheroids tested cell death, DNA damage, and quiescence, but in different proportions for each one: RKO spheroids were very sensitive to 5FU, while SW480 were less susceptible, and the SW620 spheroids, the metastatic derivative of SW480 cells, displayed the highest resistance to death, high clonogenic capacity, and the highest ability for regrowth after 5FU treatment. Activating the canonical Wnt pathway with Wnt3a in RKO spheroids decreased the 5FU-induced cell death. But the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition with Adavivint alone or in combination with 5FU in spheroids with aberrant activation of this pathway produced a severe cytostatic effect compromising their clonogenic capacity and diminishing the stem cell markers expression. Remarkably, this combined treatment also induced the survival of a small cell subpopulation that could exit the arrest, recover SOX2 levels, and re-grow after treatment.
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Chen YN, Shih CY, Guo SL, Liu CY, Shen MH, Chang SC, Ku WC, Huang CC, Huang CJ. Potential prognostic and predictive value of UBE2N, IMPDH1, DYNC1LI1 and HRASLS2 in colorectal cancer stool specimens. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:22. [PMID: 36846616 PMCID: PMC9945078 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. The poor specificity and sensitivity of the fecal occult blood test has prompted the development of CRC-related genetic markers for CRC screening and treatment. Gene expression profiles in stool specimens are effective, sensitive and clinically applicable. Herein, a novel advantage of using cells shed from the colon is presented for cost-effective CRC screening. Molecular panels were generated through a series of leave-one-out cross-validation and discriminant analyses. A logistic regression model following reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry was used to validate a specific panel for CRC prediction. The panel, consisting of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1), dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (DYNC1LI1) and phospholipase A and acyltransferase 2 (HRASLS2), accurately recognized patients with CRC and could thus be further investigated as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for CRC. UBE2N, IMPDH1 and DYNC1LI1 expression levels were upregulated and HRASLS2 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues. The predictive power of the panel was 96.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 88.1-99.6%] sensitivity and 89.7% (95% CI, 72.6-97.8%) specificity at a predicted cut-off value at 0.540, suggesting that this four-gene panel testing of stool specimens can faithfully mirror the state of the colon. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that screening for CRC or cancer detection in stool specimens collected non-invasively does not require the inclusion of an excessive number of genes, and colonic defects can be identified via the detection of an aberrant protein in the mucosa or submucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nung Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Lin Guo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C,Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hung Shen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan, R.O.C.,PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chang Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10090, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Chi-Cheng Huang, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Chi-Cheng Huang, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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10
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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sun Y, Li B, Cao Q, Liu T, Li J. Targeting cancer stem cells with polymer nanoparticles for gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:489. [PMID: 36182897 PMCID: PMC9526954 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are developing rapidly in the medical field, bringing new hope for treating various refractory diseases. Among them, polymer nanomaterials, with their excellent properties, have been used to treat various diseases, such as malignant tumors, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. Gastrointestinal cancer is among the cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer stem cells are believed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This article summarizes the characteristics of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells and reviews the latest research progress in treating gastrointestinal malignant tumors using polymer nanoparticles to target cancer stem cells. In addition, the review article highlights the potential of polymer nanoparticles in targeting gastrointestinal cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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12
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Wu X, Ye Y, Vega KJ, Yao J. Consensus Molecular Subtypes Efficiently Classify Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Predict the Response to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153740. [PMID: 35954402 PMCID: PMC9367605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is highly heterogeneous and closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC) both molecularly and functionally. GAC is currently subtyped using a system developed by TCGA. However, with the emergence of immunotherapies, this system has failed to identify suitable treatment candidates. Methods: Consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) developed for CRC were used for molecular subtyping in GAC based on public expression cohorts, including TCGA, ACRG, and a cohort of GAC patients treated with the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. All aspects of each subtype, including clinical outcome, molecular characteristics, oncogenic pathway activity, and the response to immunotherapy, were fully explored. Results: CMS classification was efficiently applied to GAC. CMS4, characterized by EMT activation, stromal invasion, angiogenesis, and the worst clinical outcomes (median OS 24.2 months), was the predominant subtype (38.8%~44.3%) and an independent prognostic indicator that outperformed classical TCGA subtyping. CMS1 (20.9%~21.5%) displayed hypermutation, low SCNV, immune activation, and best clinical outcomes (median OS > 120 months). CMS3 (17.95%~25.7%) was characterized by overactive metabolism, KRAS mutation, and intermediate outcomes (median OS 85.6 months). CMS2 (14.6%~16.3%) was enriched for WNT and MYC activation, differentiated epithelial characteristics, APC mutation, lack of ARID1A, and intermediate outcomes (median OS 48.7 months). Notably, CMS1 was strongly correlated with immunotherapy biomarkers and favorable for the anti-PD-1 drug pembrolizumab, whereas CMS4 was poorly responsive but became more sensitive after EMT-based stratification. Conclusions: Our study reveals the practical utility of CMS classification for GAC to improve clinical outcomes and identify candidates who will respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China;
| | - Kenneth J. Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8523-1569; Fax: +86-10-8523-1570
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13
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Zou W, Zhang Y, Bai G, Zhuang J, Wei L, Wang Z, Sun M, Wang J. siRNA-induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1969-1978. [PMID: 35229451 PMCID: PMC8980945 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 has shown prognostic values and promising therapeutic potential in multiple human cancers; however, the effects of CD44 silencing on biological behaviors of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been fully understood in colorectal cancer. To examine the contribution of siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 to the biological features of colorectal CSCs, colorectal CSCs HCT116‐CSCs were generated, and CD44 was knocked down in HCT116‐CSCs using siRNA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116‐CSCs were measured, and apoptosis and cell‐cycle analyses were performed. The sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin was tested, and xenograft tumor growth assay was performed to examine the role of CD44 in HCT116‐CSCs tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and vimentin was quantified. siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, promote cell‐cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase and increase the sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin in HCT116‐CSCs, and knockdown of CD44 suppressed in vivo tumorigenesis and intrapulmonary metastasis of HCT116‐CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD44 resulted in EMT inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that siRNA‐induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal CSCs by inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Department of Surgery, Xiamen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen City, China
| | - Guangfu Bai
- Department of Emergency, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi City, China
| | - Jialu Zhuang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Lin Wei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
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14
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Jiang H, Yu D, Yang P, Guo R, Kong M, Gao Y, Yu X, Lu X, Fan X. Revealing the transcriptional heterogeneity of organ-specific metastasis in human gastric cancer using single-cell RNA Sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e730. [PMID: 35184420 PMCID: PMC8858624 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity is essential for understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective therapeutic targets. However, the characteristics of different organ-tropism metastases of GC are largely unknown. METHODS Ten fresh human tissue samples from six patients, including primary tumour and adjacent non-tumoural samples and six metastases from different organs or tissues (liver, peritoneum, ovary, lymph node) were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Validation experiments were performed using histological assays and bulk transcriptomic datasets. RESULTS Malignant epithelial subclusters associated with invasion features, intraperitoneal metastasis propensity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced tumour stem cell phenotypes, or dormancy-like characteristics were discovered. High expression of the first three subcluster-associated genes displayed worse overall survival than those with low expression in a GC cohort containing 407 samples. Immune and stromal cells exhibited cellular heterogeneity and created a pro-tumoural and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, a 20-gene signature of lymph node-derived exhausted CD8+ T cells was acquired to forecast lymph node metastasis and validated in GC cohorts. Additionally, although anti-NKG2A (KLRC1) antibody have not been used to treat GC patients even in clinical trials, we uncovered not only malignant tumour cells but one endothelial subcluster, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, T cell-like B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils may contribute to HLA-E-KLRC1/KLRC2 interaction with cytotoxic/exhausted CD8+ T cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting novel clinical therapeutic opportunities in GC. Additionally, our findings suggested that PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells might predict clinical responses to PD-1 blockade therapy in GC. CONCLUSIONS This study provided insights into heterogeneous microenvironment of GC primary tumours and organ-specific metastases and provide support for precise diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Jiang
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dingyi Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Penghui Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rongfang Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastro‐Intestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineInnovation Center in Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Component‐Based Chinese MedicineInnovation Center in Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
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15
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Li X, Yang DH, Ranganathan P. Editorial: Chemo-Resistance in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821212. [PMID: 35155256 PMCID: PMC8834535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li, ;
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
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16
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Karimi S, Salmani S, Alizadeh A, Rezakhani L, Saltanatpour Z, Ghasemi S. A Decrease in CD44 on Cell Surfaces (MKN-45 cell line) After RELA Knockout Using CRISPR/Cas9. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 11:117-126. [PMID: 37091035 PMCID: PMC10116351 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The NF-kB signaling pathway was introduced as a key pathway in carcinogenesis that is induced by inflammation in gastrointestinal malignancies. The RelA transcription factor is an important component of this signaling pathway. Furthermore, CD44 is implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to assay the effect of RELA knockout on CD44 expression in MKN45 cells. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock out RELA in MKN-45. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD44 before and after RELA knockout is analyzed in MKN45. The CRISPR/Cas9 vector pSpCas9 (BB)-2A-Puro (PX459) was used for gRNA cloning (two guides). The MKN-45 cell line was co-transfected. The purified co-transfected cells with puromycin were cultured and used for the RELA gene expression assay by real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was used for the analysis of the MFI of CD44+ in MKN45. The results showed that 180 nucleotide sequences between exon 2 and exon 3 of RELA were deleted in MKN45. RELA expression significantly (P<0.001) decreased after CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. Compared to the control group, the MFI of CD44 in transfected cells significantly decreased (P <0.001). Knockout of RELA significantly decreased CD44 expression in MKN45 cells. It can be concluded that the NF-kB signaling pathway via RELA is related to CD44 expression and consequently the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. More studies about this relationship are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sima Salmani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Corresponding Author: Sorayya Ghasemi Address: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail
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17
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Chen Y, Xu S, Liu X, Jiang X, Jiang J. CircSEC24A upregulates TGFBR2 expression to accelerate pancreatic cancer proliferation and migration via sponging to miR-606. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:671. [PMID: 34906151 PMCID: PMC8672609 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA), producing by special selective splicing, was widely expressed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells as a newly non-coding RNAs. It played different roles in a variety of diseases including cancer and performed different functions. Nonetheless, reports on the specific function of circRNA in pancreatic cancer (PC) were still rarely so far. In particular, the role of circSEC24A in PC remains unclear. Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression level of circSEC24A in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, we used some functional experiments, such as EDU and Transwell assays, to explore the effects of circSEC24A on the proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the corresponding relationship among circSEC24A, miR-606 and TGFBR2 was explored by dual luciferase reporter and other mechanism studies. Results The expression of circSEC24A in both pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines was evidently up-regulated. Furthermore, knockdown of circSEC24A significantly inhibited the proliferative, migration and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas miR-606 inhibitor obviously counteracted these effects. Further study confirmed that circSEC24A alleviated suppression on target TGFBR2 expression by directly sponging miR-606 and then influenced the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions These findings indicated that the progression of pancreatic cancer can be driven by circSEC24A influencing miR-606/TGFBR2 axis. Therefore, circSEC24A might be used as a critical biomarker influencing the early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02392-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueyi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li MM, Yuan J, Guan XY, Ma NF, Liu M. Molecular subclassification of gastrointestinal cancers based on cancer stem cell traits. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:53. [PMID: 34774101 PMCID: PMC8590337 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal malignancies are highly heterogeneous cancers. Clinically, heterogeneity largely contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Heterogeneity within gastrointestinal cancers is defined by molecular subtypes in genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been demonstrated to be a major source of tumor heterogeneity; therefore, assessing tumor heterogeneity by CSC trait-guided classification of gastrointestinal cancers is essential for the development of effective therapies. CSCs share critical features with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Molecular investigations have revealed that embryonic genes and developmental signaling pathways regulating the properties of ESCs or cell lineage differentiation are abnormally active and might be oncofetal drivers in certain tumor subtypes. Currently, multiple strategies allow comprehensive identification of tumor subtype-specific oncofetal signatures and evaluation of subtype-specific therapies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular classification of gastrointestinal malignancies based on CSC features and elucidate their clinical relevance. We also outline strategies for molecular subtype identification and subtype-based therapies. Finally, we explore how clinical implementation of tumor classification by CSC subtype might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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19
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Bahrami A, Jafari A, Ferns GA. The dual role of microRNA-9 in gastrointestinal cancers: oncomiR or tumor suppressor? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112394. [PMID: 34781141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA are noncoding endogenous RNAs of ∼ 25-nucleotide, involved in RNA silencing and controlling of cell function. Recent evidence has highlighted the important role of various in the biology of human cancers. miR-9 is a highly conserved microRNA and abnormal regulation of miR-9 expression has various impacts on disease pathology. miR-9 may play a dual tumor-suppressive or oncomiR activity in several cancers. There have been conflicting reports concerning the role of miR-9 in gastrointestinal cancers. Several signaling pathways including PDK/AKT, Hippo, Wnt/β-catenin and PDGFRB axes are affected by miR-9 in suppressing proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Oncogenic miR-9 triggers migration, metastasis and clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy by targeting various enzymes and transcription factors such as E-cadherin, HK2, LMX1A, and CDX2. On the other hand, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs can modulate miR-9 expression in human cancers. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent findings about the potential value of miR-9 in gastrointestinal tumors, that include: screening, prognostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirsajad Jafari
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
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20
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Li K, Peng Y, Tian H, He H. Value of spiral CT multi-parameter combined preoperative evaluation of microvascular invasion in small liver cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1605-1609. [PMID: 34712291 PMCID: PMC8520372 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.6-wit.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The CT and clinical data of 102 patients with HCC were collected for retrospective analysis from January 2018 to December 2020 at Baoji Center Hospital, China. They were divided into two groups based on the pathological results with or without microvascular invasion. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value, tumor size, and tumor enhancement of the two groups. CT value; χ2 test was used to compare gender, hepatitis type, liver function classification, degree of classification, degree of tumor smoothness, envelope, peripheral enhancement, etc. between the two groups. Results: There were 52 cases of non-microvascular invasion and 50 cases of microvascular invasion. The tumor size, grade, degree of margin, capsule, portal vein CT value, and peripheral enhancement were related to microvascular invasion. Conclusion: Microvascular invasion of HCC can be predicted by MSCT manifestations before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Kun Li, Associate Chief Physician. Department of Medical Imaging, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjun Peng
- Yongjun Peng, Chief Physician. Department of Radiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhe Tian
- Hongzhe Tian, Associate Chief Physician, Master of Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailin He
- Hailin He, Associate Chief Physician. Department of Medical Imaging, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Xu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Na S, Zhou H, Li L, Chen F, Song H. A review of anti-tumour effects of ginsenoside in gastrointestinal cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1292-1301. [PMID: 33836068 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal cancer, one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths in the world, refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other organs. Although conventional therapy has been successful to some extent in cancer treatment, drug resistance and cancer recurrence still limit the therapeutic efficacy. There is increasing evidence indicating that ginsenoside, as a kind of high nutritional value and widely used traditional Chinese medicine, could contribute to the promotion of treatment in GI cancer, which deserves further investigation. KEY FINDINGS Based on previous studies, the possible mechanisms mainly include regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. However, no studies recently have conducted a more in-depth review of the anti-cancer effects of ginsenoside in GI cancer. SUMMARY Therefore, this review will summarise and analyse the latest developments in the anti-tumour effects of ginsenosides in GI cancer, thus may promote further research of the anti-tumour efficacy of ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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22
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Wen Z, Chen M, Guo W, Guo K, Du P, Fang Y, Gao M, Wang Q. RORβ suppresses the stemness of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:180. [PMID: 34278502 PMCID: PMC8273683 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide. GC stem cells (GCSCs) have been reported to be responsible for the malignant behavior of GC. However, the key molecular mechanism controlling GCSC function remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor β (RORβ) in GC. The expression levels of RORβ in GC cells and clinical GC tissues were analyzed using western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The association between RORβ expression levels and GCSC markers was analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and GeneChip was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between control and RORβ-overexpressing GC cells. CCK-8 and flow cytometric assays were used to evaluate the effect of RORβ on cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The effect of RORβ on the self-renewal capacity of GCSCs was measured using a sphere formation assay, the expression levels of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting, and the tumorigenic capacity was measured by an in vivo mouse model. Finally, the impact of RORβ on the Wnt signaling pathway was determined using western blotting and a TOP/FOP flash assay. The results revealed that the expression levels of RORβ were downregulated in GC tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues, and were inversely associated with the expression levels of GCSC markers. The overexpression of RORβ upregulated the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2 like protein 11, which subsequently inhibited the viability and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. In addition, RORβ decreased the sphere forming ability, and downregulated the expression levels of iPS cell- and EMT-related factors. In vivo, RORβ suppressed the tumorigenic capacity and stemness of GC cells. Mechanistically, RORβ was revealed to decrease the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in GCSCs. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified RORβ as a novel suppressor of GCSCs and highlighted the prospect of RORβ as a novel candidate target for stem cell-based GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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23
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Chaeichi-Tehrani N, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Autophagy in The Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:725-736. [PMID: 34077348 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210601113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism by which unwanted cellular components are degraded through a pathway that involves the lysosomes and contributes to several pathological conditions such as cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers affect the digestive organs from the esophagus to the anus and are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. The modulation of autophagy using pharmacologic agents potentially offers a great potential for cancer therapy. In this review, some commonly used compounds, together with their molecular target and the mechanism through which they stimulate or block the autophagy pathway as well as their therapeutic benefit in treating patients with gastrointestinal cancers, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Chaeichi-Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic syndrome Research centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Moughnyeh MM, Brawner KM, Kennedy BA, Yeramilli VA, Udayakumar N, Graham JA, Martin CA. Stress and the Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Cancer, Inflammation and Sepsis. J Surg Res 2021; 266:336-344. [PMID: 34062291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis has been discussed, directly or indirectly, for centuries, with the ideas of the gut affecting anything from moods to overall physiology being discussed across the centuries. With a recent explosion in research that looks to the microbiota as a mechanistic link between the gut and the brain, one sees that the gut-brain axis has various means of communication, such as through the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system and can use the metabolites in the gut to communicate to the brain. METHODS The purpose of this review is to view the gut-brain axis through the lens of stress and how stress, from the prenatal period all the way through adulthood can impact the physiology of a human being. Studies have shown multiple mechanisms of measurable change with disruption in the microbiota that lead to behavioral changes. There are also effects of gut inflammation on the brain and the corresponding systemic response observed. CONCLUSION The overall literature is encouraging that the more understanding of the gut-brain axis, the greater ability to wield that understanding for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Moughnyeh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kyle M Brawner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bethany A Kennedy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Venkata A Yeramilli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Neha Udayakumar
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jessica A Graham
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Colin A Martin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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25
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Peng D, Zaika A, Que J, El-Rifai W. The antioxidant response in Barrett's tumorigenesis: A double-edged sword. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101894. [PMID: 33621787 PMCID: PMC7907897 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the dominant form of esophageal malignancies in the United States and other industrialized countries. The incidence of EAC has been rising rapidly during the past four decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the main precancerous condition for EAC, where a metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous mucosa of the lower esophagus. The primary risk factor for BE and EAC are chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity and smoking. During the BE-dysplasia-EAC sequence, esophageal cells are under a tremendous burden of accumulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. While normal cells have intact antioxidant machinery to maintain a balanced anti-tumorigenic physiological response, the antioxidant capacity is compromised in neoplastic cells with a pro-tumorigenic development antioxidant response. The accumulation of ROS, during the neoplastic progression of the GERD-BE-EAC sequence, induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Neoplastic cells adapt to oxidative stress by developing a pro-tumorigenic antioxidant response that keeps oxidative damage below lethal levels while promoting tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on oxidative stress in tumorigenesis in the context of the GERD-BE-EAC process. We will discuss how EAC cells adapt to increased ROS. We will review APE1 and NRF2 signaling mechanisms in the context of EAC. Finally, we will discuss the potential clinical significance of applying antioxidants or NRF2 activators as chemoprevention and NRF2 inhibitors in treating EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
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26
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Jahangiri L, Ishola T, Pucci P, Trigg RM, Pereira J, Williams JA, Cavanagh ML, Gkoutos GV, Tsaprouni L, Turner SD. The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061239. [PMID: 33799834 PMCID: PMC7998932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct cancer subpopulation that can influence the tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer progression and relapse. A multitude of factors including CSC properties, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and autophagy play pivotal roles in maintaining CSCs. We discuss the methods of detection of CSCs and how our knowledge of regulatory and cellular processes, and their interaction with the microenvironment, may lead to more effective targeting of these cells. Autophagy and lncRNAs can regulate several cellular functions, thereby promoting stemness factors and CSC properties, hence understanding this triangle and its associated signalling networks can lead to enhanced therapy response, while paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (T.I.); (M.L.C.); (L.T.)
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (R.M.T.); (S.D.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Tala Ishola
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (T.I.); (M.L.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Perla Pucci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (R.M.T.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Ricky M. Trigg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (R.M.T.); (S.D.T.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - John A. Williams
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK;
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Megan L. Cavanagh
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (T.I.); (M.L.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK;
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX110RD, UK
- MRC Health Data Research Midlands, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Loukia Tsaprouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK; (T.I.); (M.L.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (P.P.); (R.M.T.); (S.D.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Das PK, Islam F, Smith RA, Lam AK. Therapeutic Strategies Against Cancer Stem Cells in Esophageal Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2021; 10:598957. [PMID: 33665161 PMCID: PMC7921694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in esophageal cancer have a key role in tumor initiation, progression and therapy resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies to target CSCs are being tested, however, more in-depth research is necessary. Eradication of CSCs can result in successful therapeutic approaches against esophageal cancer. Recent evidence suggests that targeting signaling pathways, miRNA expression profiles and other properties of CSCs are important strategies for cancer therapy. Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo and other pathways play crucial roles in proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells as well as of CSCs. All of these pathways have been implicated in the regulation of esophageal CSCs and are potential therapeutic targets. Interference with these pathways or their components using small molecules could have therapeutic benefits. Similarly, miRNAs are able to regulate gene expression in esophageal CSCs, so targeting self-renewal pathways with miRNA could be utilized to as a potential therapeutic option. Moreover, hypoxia plays critical roles in esophageal cancer metabolism, stem cell proliferation, maintaining aggressiveness and in regulating the metastatic potential of cancer cells, therefore, targeting hypoxia factors could also provide effective therapeutic modalities against esophageal CSCs. To conclude, additional study of CSCs in esophageal carcinoma could open promising therapeutic options in esophageal carcinomas by targeting hyper-activated signaling pathways, manipulating miRNA expression and hypoxia mechanisms in esophageal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert A Smith
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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28
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Zhou Y, Cheng JT, Feng ZX, Wang YY, Zhang Y, Cai WQ, Han ZW, Wang XW, Xiang Y, Yang HY, Liu BR, Peng XC, Cui SZ, Xin HW. Could gastrointestinal tumor-initiating cells originate from cell-cell fusion in vivo? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:92-108. [PMID: 33643526 PMCID: PMC7896421 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells are believed to be responsible for gastrointestinal tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It is hypothesized that gastrointestinal TICs (giTICs) might originate from cell-cell fusion. Here, we systemically evaluate the evidence that supports or opposes the hypothesis of giTIC generation from cell-cell fusion both in vitro and in vivo. We review giTICs that are capable of initiating tumors in vivo with 5000 or fewer in vivo fused cells. Under this restriction, there is currently little evidence demonstrating that giTICs originate from cell-cell fusion in vivo. However, there are many reports showing that tumor generation in vitro occurs with more than 5000 fused cells. In addition, the mechanisms of giTIC generation via cell-cell fusion are poorly understood, and thus, we propose its potential mechanisms of action. We suggest that future research should focus on giTIC origination from cell-cell fusion in vivo, isolation or enrichment of giTICs that have tumor-initiating capabilities with 5000 or less in vivo fused cells, and further clarification of the underlying mechanisms. Our review of the current advances in our understanding of giTIC origination from cell-cell fusion may have significant implications for the understanding of carcinogenesis and future cancer therapeutic strategies targeting giTICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Xian Feng
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Lianjiang People's Hospital, Guangzhou 524400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Wen Han
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
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29
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30
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Sharma M, Pruitt K. Wnt Pathway: An Integral Hub for Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8018. [PMID: 33126517 PMCID: PMC7663720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is an integral cell-to-cell signaling hub which regulates crucial development processes and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by coordinating cell proliferation, differentiation, cell polarity, cell movement, and stem cell renewal. When dysregulated, it is associated with various developmental diseases, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. We now better appreciate the complexity and crosstalk of the Wnt pathway with other signaling cascades. Emerging roles of the Wnt signaling in the cancer stem cell niche and drug resistance have led to development of therapeutics specifically targeting various Wnt components, with some agents currently in clinical trials. This review highlights historical and recent findings on key mediators of Wnt signaling and how they impact antitumor immunity and maintenance of cancer stem cells. This review also examines current therapeutics being developed that modulate Wnt signaling in cancer and discusses potential shortcomings associated with available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
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31
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Li W, Zhang N, Jin C, Long MD, Rajabi H, Yasumizu Y, Fushimi A, Yamashita N, Hagiwara M, Zheng R, Wang J, Kui L, Singh H, Kharbanda S, Hu Q, Liu S, Kufe D. MUC1-C drives stemness in progression of colitis to colorectal cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137112. [PMID: 32427590 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) by largely undefined mechanisms that are critical for understanding the link between inflammation and cancer. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression are of importance in both the inflammatory response to colitis and progression to colitis-associated colon cancer (CACC). Here, we report in human mucin 1-transgenic (MUC1-transgenic) mouse models of CACC, targeting the MUC1-C oncogenic protein suppresses the (a) Lgr5+ ISC population, (b) induction of Myc and core pluripotency stem cell factors, and (c) severity and progression of colitis to dysplasia and cancer. By extension to human colon cancer cells, we demonstrate that MUC1-C drives MYC, forms a complex with MYC on the LGR5 promoter, and activates LGR5 expression. We also show in CRC cells that MUC1-C induces cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (BMI1, ALDH1, FOXA1, LIN28B) and the OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG pluripotency factors. Consistent with conferring the CSC state, targeting MUC1-C suppresses the capacity of CRC cells to promote wound healing, invasion, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. In analysis of human tissues, MUC1 expression associates with activation of inflammatory pathways, development of colitis, and aggressiveness of CRCs. These results collectively indicate that MUC1-C is of importance for integrating stemness and pluripotency in colitis and CRC. Of clinical relevance, the findings further indicate that MUC1-C represents a potentially previously unrecognized target that is druggable for treating progression of colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masayuki Hagiwara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen J, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Jing JJ. The expression patterns and the diagnostic/prognostic roles of PTPN family members in digestive tract cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32536826 PMCID: PMC7291430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPNs) are a set of enzymes involved in the tyrosyl phosphorylation. The present study intended to clarify the associations between the expression patterns of PTPN family members, and diagnosis as well as the prognosis of digestive tract cancers. Methods Oncomine and Ualcan were used to analyze PTPN expressions. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded through UCSC Xena for validation and to explore the relationship of the PTPN expression with diagnosis, clinicopathological parameters and survival of digestive tract cancers. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID database. The gene–gene interaction network was performed by GeneMANIA and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was built using STRING portal coupled with Cytoscape. The expression of differentially expressed PTPNs in cancer cell lines were explored using CCLE. Moreover, by histological verification, the expression of four PTPNs in digestive tract cancers were further analyzed. Results Most PTPN family members were associated with digestive tract cancers according to Oncomine, Ualcan and TCGA data. Several PTPN members were differentially expressed in digestive tract cancers. For esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), PTPN1 and PTPN12 levels were correlated with incidence; PTPN20 was associated with poor prognosis. For stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), PTPN2 and PTPN12 levels were correlated with incidence; PTPN3, PTPN5, PTPN7, PTPN11, PTPN13, PTPN14, PTPN18 and PTPN23 were correlated with pathological grade; PTPN20 expression was related with both TNM stage and N stage; PTPN22 was associated with T stage and pathological grade; decreased expression of PTPN5 and PTPN13 implied worse overall survival of STAD, while elevated PTPN6 expression indicated better prognosis. For colorectal cancer (CRC), PTPN2, PTPN21 and PTPN22 levels were correlated with incidence; expression of PTPN5, PTPN12, and PTPN14 was correlated with TNM stage and N stage; high PTPN5 or PTPN7 expression was associated with increased hazards of death. CCLE analyses showed that in esophagus cancer cell lines, PTPN1, PTPN4 and PTPN12 were highly expressed; in gastric cancer cell lines, PTPN2 and PTPN12 were highly expressed; in colorectal cancer cell lines, PTPN12 was highly expressed while PTPN22 was downregulated. Results of histological verification experiment showed differential expressions of PTPN22 in CRC, and PTPN12 in GC and CRC. Conclusions Members of PTPN family were differentially expressed in digestive tract cancers. Correlations were found between PTPN genes and clinicopathological parameters of patients. Expression of PTPN12 was upregulated in both STAD and CRC, and thus could be used as a diagnostic biomarker. Differential expression of PTPN12 in GC and CRC, and PTPN22 in CRC were presented in our histological verification experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Mathematical Computer Teaching and Research Office, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, 110101 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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Da CM, Gong CY, Nan W, Zhou KS, Wu ZL, Zhang HH. The role of long non-coding RNA MIAT in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110359. [PMID: 32535389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a kind of non-coding single-strand RNAs, play an important role as carcinogenic genes or tumor suppressors in the development of human cancer. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) was first identified as a lncRNA in 2006 and originally isolated as a candidate gene for myocardial infarction. Later, it was reported that MIAT exhibits regulatory effects on the human cell cycle. Since its discovery, MIAT has also been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in many malignant tumors. High expression of MIAT is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients. It can also regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, MIAT is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, we summarize the biological function, mechanism, and potential clinical significance of MIAT during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Yang Gong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Nan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Zuo-Long Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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El-Gowily AH, Abosheasha MA. Differential mechanisms of autophagy in cancer stem cells: Emphasizing gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:162-173. [PMID: 32468609 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common forms of malignancies and still are the most important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of whole cellular components, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. For instance, it acts as a pivotal intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but also implicated in cell reformation during cell differentiation and development. Indeed, GI cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, traditional therapies resistance, metastasis and tumour recurrence. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in normal vs CSCs gain great interest worldwide. Here, we shed light on the role of autophagy in normal stem cells differentiation for embryonic progression and its role in maintaining the activity and self-renewal capacity of CSCs which offer novel viewpoints on promising cancer therapeutic strategies based on the differential roles of autophagy in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan H El-Gowily
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Organ and Cell physiology Department, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed A Abosheasha
- Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Zheng W, Yang C, Qiu L, Feng X, Sun K, Deng H. Transcriptional information underlying the generation of CSCs and the construction of a nine-mRNA signature to improve prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:688-697. [PMID: 32453965 PMCID: PMC7515529 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1762419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent progress in screening survival-related genes, there have been few attempts to apply methods based on cancer stem cells (CSCs) for prognosis. We aimed to identify a CSC-based model to predict survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MATERIAL/METHODS Differentially expressed genes between CRC and normal tissues and between CD133- and CD133+ cells were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, and intersections were evaluated. Gene Ontology functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyzes were performed. STRING was used to investigate interactions between the encoded proteins and the Kaplan-Meier method to verify mRNAs associated with survival. A prognostic model based on CSCs was established via univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to test the model's sensitivity and specificity. The KS test was applied to provide evidence for relationships between expression levels of nine mRNAs in our model and pathological stage. RESULTS In total, 155 common differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, and nine (AOC1, UCN, MTUS1, CDC20, SNCB, MAT1A, TUBB2B, GABRA4 and ALPP) were screened after regression analyses to establish a predictive model for classifying patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival times, especially for stage II and IV patients. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel model that provides additional and powerful prognostic information beyond conventional clinicopathological factors for CRC survival prediction. It also provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from normal tissues to CSCs and formation of tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochuang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Avendaño-Félix M, Bermúdez M, Ramos-Payán R, Pérez-Plasencia C, Aguilar-Medina M. Cancer Stem Cells and Its Role in Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:413. [PMID: 32296643 PMCID: PMC7136521 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are able to promote initiation, survival and maintenance of tumor growth and have been involved in gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) such as esophageal, gastric and colorectal. It is well known that blood supply facilitates cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this regard, tumor-induced angiogenesis begins with expression of pro-angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn lead to neovascularization and thus to tumor growth. Another pattern of blood supply is called vasculogenic mimicry (VM). It is a reminiscent of the embryonic vascular network and is carried out by CSCs that have the capability of transdifferentiate and form vascular-tube structures in absence of endothelial cells. In this review, we discuss the role of CSCs in angiogenesis and VM, since these mechanisms represent a source of tumor nutrition, oxygenation, metabolic interchange and facilitate metastasis. Identification of CSCs mechanisms involved in angiogenesis and VM could help to address therapeutics for GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Melisa Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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The novel long noncoding RNA CRART16 confers cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells by enhancing ERBB3 expression via miR-371a-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:68. [PMID: 32158358 PMCID: PMC7057486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to participate in multiple biological processes and confer drug resistance. However, it remains unclear whether lncRNAs are involved in conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were performed to assess the sensitivity of CRC cell lines to cetuximab treatment. We incubated Caco-2 cells, which are partially responsive to cetuximab, with increasing concentrations of cetuximab for approximately 6 months to generate Caco-2 cetuximab-resistant (Caco-2 CR) cells. Microarray analysis comparing Caco-2 CR with Caco-2 cells was used to identify lncRNAs that were potentially related to cetuximab resistance. Caco-2 cells were stably transduced with cetuximab resistance-associated RNA transcript 16 (CRART16) or an empty vector using lentiviral infection; the cells were designated Caco-2-CRART16 and Caco-2-NC, respectively, and were analyzed with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate RNA expression. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to assess apoptosis levels induced by cetuximab. The cell cycle, stemness biomarkers and membrane proteins of CRC cells were assessed via flow cytometry. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine CRART16 localization and expression. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential mechanism of CRART16, which was further validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Differences in measurement data were compared using Student’s t test, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test and two-way ANOVA. Results The novel lncRNA CRART16 was upregulated in Caco-2 CR cells. CRART16 overexpression reversed the effects of cetuximab on cell viability and reduced cetuximab-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, CRART16 overexpression led to increases in the proportion of CD44+/CD133+ cells. In addition, CRART16 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-371a-5p to regulate V-Erb-B2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (ERBB3) expression. MiR-371a-5p mimics counteracted the cetuximab resistance induced by CRART16 overexpression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that after CRART16 was overexpressed, the resulting differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions CRART16 overexpression may contribute to cetuximab resistance through the miR-371a-5p/ERBB3/MAPK pathway. Additionally, CRART16 contributes to the acquisition of stemness properties.
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Basati G, Khaksarian M, Abbaszadeh S, Lashgarian HE, Marzban A. Cancer stem cells and nanotechnological approaches for eradication. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:38. [PMID: 31853454 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently known as the main cause of tumor recurrence. After chemotherapy is completed, CSCs proliferate and then differentiate to generate new tumor tissues. Similar to normal stem cells, this non-uniformly distributed cell population in the tumor tissue has self-renewal capacity and is responsible for survival of the tumor and difference in its genetic and metabolic characteristics. Followed by gene instability in CSCs, new phenotypic markers are aberrantly expressed in CSCs subpopulation. Hence, some of the surface markers and metabolic pathways that are upregulated in CSCs may be applied as specific targets for development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review article, the distinctive properties of CSCs including signal pathways implicated in self-renewal and surface markers were discussed. Moreover, targeting CSCs based on their specific properties using nanodrugs was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center & Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Acquisition of a side population fraction augments malignant phenotype in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14215. [PMID: 31578411 PMCID: PMC6775117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells harbor malignant phenotypes in cancer. The aim of this study was to identify genes that modulate the proportion of ovarian cancer SP cells. Using a shRNA library targeting 15,000 genes, a functional genomics screen was performed to identify genes whose suppression increased the SP percentage. The biological effects caused by alteration of those identified genes were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that suppression of MSL3, ZNF691, VPS45, ITGB3BP, TLE2, and ZNF498 increased the proportion of SP cells. Newly generated SP cells exhibit greater capacity for sphere formation, single cell clonogenicity, and in vivo tumorigenicity. On the contrary, overexpression of MSL3, VPS45, ITGB3BP, TLE2, and ZNF498 decreased the proportion of SP cells, sphere formation capacity and single cell clonogenicity. In ovarian cancer cases, low expression of MSL3, ZNF691 and VPS45 was related to poor prognosis. Suppression of these six genes enhanced activity of the hedgehog pathway. Cyclopamine, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, significantly decreased the number of SP cells and their sphere forming ability. Our results provide new information regarding molecular mechanisms favoring SP cells and suggest that Hedgehog signaling may provide a viable target for ovarian cancer.
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Hu J, Ni G, Mao L, Xue X, Zhang J, Wu W, Zhang S, Zhao H, Ding L, Wang L. LINC00565 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of gastric cancer by targeting miR-665/AKT3 axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7865-7875. [PMID: 31576144 PMCID: PMC6768015 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in gastric cancer (GC). A relevant microarray containing gastric cancer-related lncRNAs was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Methods qRT-PCR was used to analyze LINC00565 and AKT3 expression in tumor tissues and cell lines. Proliferative, colony formation and apoptotic abilities of GC cells after transfection of sh-LINC00565 were determined by CCK-8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RIP was enrolled to detect the interaction between LINC00565, AKT3 and miR-665. Dual luciferase assay was used to confirm the relation between miR-665 and LINC00565 and AKT3. Results Expression level of LINC00565 in GC tissue was highly expressed in GC, which was negatively correlated to prognosis of GC patients. The results showed that knockdown of LINC00565 decreased proliferative and colony formation abilities, and induced apoptosis of GC cells. Pearson analysis showed that LINC00565 was positively correlated with AKT3. Besides, AKT3 was significantly up-regulated in GC. In addition, knockdown of LINC00565 down-regulated AKT3. In order to explore the mechanism, we found that miR-665 could bind to LINC00565 by bioinformatics. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP assay both verified the binding relationship between miR-665 and AKT3. Finally, rescue experiments were carried out to explore whether AKT3 could reverse the anti-cancer effect of low-level LINC00565 on GC development. Conclusion In summary, the expression of LINC00565 is upregulated in GC. LINC00565 can be used as the sponge of miR-665 to up-regulate the expression of AKT3, thus promoting the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Ni
- Department of Oncology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Oncology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoru Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ding
- Department of Oncology, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Central Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province and Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, People's Republic of China
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Liu WT, Liu WB, Gao M, Zhang YY, Gu KS. Expression of ALDH1A1 and CD133 is associated with the prognosis and effect of different chemotherapeutic regimens in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4573-4582. [PMID: 31611965 PMCID: PMC6781782 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Previous studies have reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase-1A1 (ALDH1A1) and cluster of differentiation (CD)-133 are considered to be cancer stem cell markers in GCs. The present study immunohistochemically examined the distribution and expression of two tumor stem cell markers, CD133 and ALDH1A1, in both primary tumors and para-tumor tissues. In 91 cases with stage III, 57 (62%) were positive for ALDH1A1 and 60 (66%) were positive for CD133. ALDH1A1 was detected in para-tumors and cancerous tissues of the stomach, and the immunoreactivity of the tumors was stronger than that in para-tumor tissues. CD133 was only detected in tumors. The expression of ALDH1A1 was significantly associated with advanced T/N stage (T stage, P=0.012; N stage, P=0.023) and poor differentiation (P=0.020), while CD133 was associated with advanced T stage (P=0.007). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that tumor stage, CD133 expression, vascular invasion and sex were independent predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) time, and tumor size, vascular invasion and sex were independent predictors of overall survival (OS) time in patients with GC. Patients with CD133+ GC had poorer DFS (P=0.042), while ALDH1A1+ GC was not associated with poorer DFS. In regard to chemotherapy, improvements in survival were not observed after the addition of taxane compared with two-drug therapy. However, the subgroup analysis indicated that in the ALDH1A1− subgroup, and CD133+ and ALDH1A1− subgroups, an increased OS was observed in two-drug therapy (P=0.043). The results of the present study indicate that ALDH1A1 and CD133 may play an important role in tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis, and ALDH1A1− expression does not benefit the taxane-based triple chemotherapeutic regimen in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Sheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Kyuno D, Bauer N, Schnölzer M, Provaznik J, Ryschich E, Hackert T, Zöller M. Distinct Origin of Claudin7 in Early Tumor Endosomes Affects Exosome Assembly. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2224-2239. [PMID: 31592143 PMCID: PMC6775303 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles are the body's most powerful intercellular communication system and cancer-initiating cell microvesicles (CIC-TEX) reprogram Non-CIC towards fortified malignancy. Claudin7, a CIC-biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors, is recovered in TEX. Recent evidence suggesting individual cells delivering distinct microvesicles became of particular interest for claudin7, which is part of tight junctions (TJ) and glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEM), GEM-located claudin7 is palmitoylated. This offered the unique possibility of exploring the contribution of a CIC marker and its origin from distinct membrane domains on CIC-TEX biogenesis and activities. Proteome and miRNA analysis of wild-type, claudin7-knockdown and a rescue with claudin7 harboring a mutated palmitoylation site (mP) of a rat pancreatic and a human colon cancer line uncovered significant, only partly overlapping contributions of palmitoylated and non-palmitoylated claudin7 to TEX composition. Palmitoylated claudin7 facilitates GEM-integrated plasma membrane and associated signaling molecule recruitment; non-palmitoylated claudin7 supports recruitment of trafficking components, proteins engaged in fatty acid metabolism and TJ proteins into TEX. Claudin7mP also assists TEX recovery of selected miRNA. Thus, distinctly located claudin7 affects CIC-TEX composition and TJ-derived cld7 might play a unique role in equipping CIC-TEX with transporters and lipid metabolism-regulating molecules, awareness of distinct TEX populations being crucial facing therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nathalie Bauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Prooxidative Activity of Celastrol Induces Apoptosis, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Drug-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6793957. [PMID: 31485297 PMCID: PMC6710751 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6793957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy is closely related to tumor heterogeneity, i.e., the existence of distinct subpopulations of cancer cells in a tumor mass. An important role is assigned to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with high tumorigenic potential and capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. These properties of CSCs are sustained by the ability of those cells to maintain a low intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, via upregulation of ROS scavenging systems. However, the accumulation of ROS over a critical threshold disturbs CSCs—redox homeostasis causing severe cytotoxic consequences. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of celastrol, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, to induce the formation of ROS and, consequently, cell death of the colon cancer cells with acquired resistant to cytotoxic drugs (LOVO/DX cell line). LOVO/DX cells express several important stem-like cell features, including a higher frequency of side population (SP) cells, higher expression of multidrug resistant proteins, overexpression of CSC-specific cell surface marker (CD44), increased expression of DNA repair gene (PARP1), and low intracellular ROS level. We found that celastrol, at higher concentrations (above 1 μM), significantly increased ROS amount in LOVO/DX cells at both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial levels. This prooxidant activity was associated with the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death, as well as with inhibition of cell proliferation by S phase cell cycle arrest. Coincubation with NAC, a ROS scavenger, completely reversed the above effects. In summary, our results provide evidence that celastrol exhibits effective cytotoxic effects via ROS-dependent mechanisms on drug-resistant colon cancer cells. These findings strongly suggest the potential of celastrol to effectively kill cancer stem-like cells, and thus, it is a promising agent to treat severe, resistant to conventional therapy, colon cancers.
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44
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Fuentes-García G, Castañeda-Patlán MC, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Lefebvre T, Robles-Flores M. O-GlcNAcylation Is Involved in the Regulation of Stem Cell Markers Expression in Colon Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:289. [PMID: 31139149 PMCID: PMC6518200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine posttranslational modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins has emerged as a key regulator of diverse cellular processes including several hallmarks of cancer. However, the role played by this modification in the establishment of CSC phenotype has been poorly studied so far and remains unclear. In this study we confirmed the previous reports showing that colon cancer cells exhibit higher O-GlcNAc basal levels than non-malignant cells, and investigated the role played by O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of CSC phenotype. We found that the modification of O-GlcNAcylation levels by pharmacological inhibition of the O-GlcNAc-transferase enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc (OGT), but not of the enzyme that removes it (OGA), increased the expression of all stem cell markers tested in our colon malignant cell lines, and induced the appearance of a double positive (CD44+/CD133+) small stem cell-like subpopulation (which corresponded to 1-10%) that displayed very aggressive malignant phenotype such as increased clonogenicity and spheroid formation abilities in 3D culture. We reasoned that OGT inhibition would mimic in the tumor the presence of severe nutritional stress, and indeed, we demonstrated that nutritional stress reproduced in colon cancer cells the effects obtained with OGT inhibition. Thus, our data strongly suggests that stemness is regulated by HBP/O-GlcNAcylation nutrient sensing pathway, and that O-GlcNAc nutrient sensor represents an important survival mechanism in cancer cells under nutritional stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fuentes-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR 8576, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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45
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Stem J, Flickinger JC, Merlino D, Caparosa EM, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Therapeutic targeting of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells. Regen Med 2019; 14:331-343. [PMID: 31025613 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers remain a tremendous burden on society. Despite advances in therapy options, including chemotherapy and radiation, cancer mortality from recurrences and metastases occur frequently. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive disease recurrence and metastasis, as these cells are uniquely equipped to self-renew and evade therapy. Therefore, cancer eradication requires treatment strategies that target CSCs in addition to differentiated cancer cells. This review highlights current literature on therapies targeting CSCs in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stem
- Departments of Surgery, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John C Flickinger
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dante Merlino
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ellen M Caparosa
- Departments of Surgery, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney, 1020 Locust St, JAH368, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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46
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Taniguchi H, Suzuki Y, Natori Y. The Evolving Landscape of Cancer Stem Cells and Ways to Overcome Cancer Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040532. [PMID: 31013960 PMCID: PMC6520864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with therapeutic resistance and plasticity can be found in various types of tumors and are recognized as attractive targets for treatments. As CSCs are derived from tissue stem or progenitor cells, and/or dedifferentiated mature cells, their signal transduction pathways are critical in the regulation of CSCs; chronic inflammation causes the accumulation of genetic mutations and aberrant epigenetic changes in these cells, potentially leading to the production of CSCs. However, the nature of CSCs appears to be stronger than the treatments of the past. To improve the treatments targeting CSCs, it is important to inhibit several molecules on the signaling cascades in CSCs simultaneously, and to overcome cancer heterogeneity caused by the plasticity. To select suitable target molecules for CSCs, we have to explore the landscape of CSCs from the perspective of cancer stemness and signaling systems, based on the curated databases of cancer-related genes. We have been studying the integration of a broad range of knowledge and experiences from cancer biology, and also from other interdisciplinary basic sciences. In this review, we have introduced the concept of developing novel strategies targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan.
- Clinical and Translational Research Center Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Suzuki
- Clinical and Translational Research Center Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yukikazu Natori
- BioThinkTank Co. Ltd. 4-10-1-E1706 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0012, Japan.
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47
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Camargo CDQ, Mocellin MC, Brunetta HS, Chagas TR, Fabre MEDS, Trindade EBSDM, Silva ELD, Nunes EA. Fish oil decreases the severity of treatment-related adverse events in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 31:61-70. [PMID: 31060836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to its high peroxidizable characteristics, n-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil, could increase tumor cells sensitivity to conventional cancer treatment while non-neoplastic cells remain unaffected, this may lead to an increase in cancer treatment response with no increase on adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-cancer treatment response, performance status and adverse events in gastrointestinal cancer patients supplemented with fish oil. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated in blood non-neoplastic cells as an indicator of cytotoxicity. METHODS This is a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Fish oil group (FOG) received two capsules of fish oil containing 1.55 g of EPA + DHA a day for nine weeks, placebo group (PG) received two capsules containing olive oil. Baseline was set right before the administration of the first chemotherapy, oxidative stress parameters, adverse events presence and grading and performance status were assessed at baseline and after nine weeks of supplementation. Tumor markers, response to treatment and survival were evaluated at baseline and after one year of study inclusion. RESULTS 76 patients were considered eligible, 56 were randomized, and 51 remained for analysis. After nine weeks, although there were no differences between groups for treatment response and presence of adverse events, PG patients were graded with more severe diarrhea than FOG patients (p = 0.03) and with higher (worse) performance status score (p = 0.02). No differences in lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS Fish oil may lead to a better performance status for gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy while does not seem to increase treatment-related toxicity. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02699047, www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Quadros Camargo
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Nutrition Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michel Carlos Mocellin
- Nutrition Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Henver Simionato Brunetta
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thayz Rodrigues Chagas
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Nutrition Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Luiz da Silva
- Nutrition Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Everson Araújo Nunes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Nutrition Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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48
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Moriya C, Imai K, Taniguchi H. PRDM14 is overexpressed in chronic pancreatitis prior to pancreatic cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1733-1741. [PMID: 30338223 PMCID: PMC6168686 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer that is typically diagnosed at a later stage with metastases and is difficult to treat. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of PDAC initiation is important to aid early‐stage cancer detection. PRDM14 is a transcription factor that maintains pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is overexpressed in several cancers. We previously reported that PRDM14 is overexpressed and regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes in PDAC, and herein, we assess whether PRDM14 expression increases prior to tumorigenesis. Through immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical tissues, we detected PRDM14‐positive cells in precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic pancreatitis, which is a risk factor for PDAC, lesions. PRDM14 staining in chronic pancreatitis was as high as that in PDAC and cancer adjacent tissues. We induced pancreatitis in mouse models by cerulein injection, and observed that PRDM14 expression increased in chronic pancreatitis models but not in control or acute pancreatitis mice. Moreover, cerulein treatment increased PRDM14 expression in PK‐1 and AsPC‐1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that inflammation increases the expression of PRDM14, which regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes, and this occurs prior to PDAC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Moriya
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
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49
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Chen M, Nie J, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Brock MV, Feng K, Wu Z, Li X, Shi L, Li S, Guo M, Mei Q, Han W. Phase Ib/II study of safety and efficacy of low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory alimentary tract cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1530-1540. [PMID: 29663379 PMCID: PMC6099263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pressing need for improved therapeutic outcomes provides a good rationale for identifying effective strategies for alimentary tract (AT) cancer treatment. The potential re-sensitivity property to chemo- and immunotherapy of low-dose decitabine has been evident both preclinically and in previous phase I trials. We conducted a phase Ib/II trial evaluating low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory (R/R) esophageal, gastric or colorectal cancers. Forty-five patients received either the 5-day decitabine treatment with subsequent readministration of the previously resistant chemotherapy (decitabine-primed chemotherapy, D-C cohort) or the aforementioned regimen followed by cytokine-induced killer cells therapy (D-C and cytokine-induced killer [CIK] cell treatment, D-C + CIK cohort) based on their treatment history. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 11 (24.4%) of 45 patients. All AEs were controllable, and no patient experienced a treatment-related death. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 24.44% and 82.22%, respectively, including two patients who achieved durable complete responses. Clinical response could be associated with treatment-free interval and initial surgical resection history. ORR and DCR reached 28% and 92%, respectively, in the D-C + CIK cohort. Consistently, the progression-free survival (PFS) of the D-C + CIK cohort compared favorably to the best PFS of the pre-resistant unprimed therapy (p = 0.0001). The toxicity and ORRs exhibited were non-significantly different between cancer types and treatment cohort. The safety and efficacy of decitabine-primed re-sensitization to chemoimmunotherapy is attractive and promising. These data warrant further large-scale evaluation of drug-resistant R/R AT cancer patients with advanced stage disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/drug effects
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/immunology
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/pathology
- Decitabine/therapeutic use
- Digestive System/drug effects
- Digestive System/immunology
- Digestive System/pathology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Salvage Therapy
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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50
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Hernández-Camarero P, Jiménez G, López-Ruiz E, Barungi S, Marchal JA, Perán M. Revisiting the dynamic cancer stem cell model: Importance of tumour edges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 131:35-45. [PMID: 30293704 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of an effective treatment against cancer is not only due to its huge heterogeneity, but also to the fact that we don't have an answer to the question on how cancer originates. Among the proposed models to explain the development of cancer, the hierarchical model has been widely accepted. Nevertheless, this model fails to explain several experimental observations such as the cancer stem cells (CSCs) location inside a tumour or the differences between primary and metastatic tumours. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that the CSC phenotype is not a rigid state. Here, we present a critical review on the assumed tumour development models emphasizing the relevance of the dynamic and changing nature of cancer and the CSCs population in which the tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role and we propose a new model of tumour origin that could have an impact on new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Shivan Barungi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain.
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E- 18016, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.
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