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Suleman M, Khattak A, Akbar F, Rizwan M, Tayyab M, Yousaf M, Khan A, Albekairi NA, Agouni A, Crovella S. Analysis of E2F1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms reveals deleterious non-synonymous substitutions that disrupt E2F1-RB protein interaction in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129559. [PMID: 38242392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a medical condition that is caused by the abnormal growth and division of cells, leading to the formation of tumors. The E2F1 and RB pathways are critical in regulating cell cycle, and their dysregulation can contribute to the development of cancer. In this study, we analyzed experimentally reported SNPs in E2F1 and assessed their effects on the binding affinity with RB. Out of 46, nine mutations were predicted as deleterious, and further analysis revealed four highly destabilizing mutations (L206W, R232C, I254T, A267T) that significantly altered the protein structure. Molecular docking of wild-type and mutant E2F1 with RB revealed a docking score of -242 kcal/mol for wild-type, while the mutant complexes had scores ranging from -217 to -220 kcal/mol. Molecular simulation analysis revealed variations in the dynamics features of both mutant and wild-type complexes due to the acquired mutations. Furthermore, the total binding free energy for the wild-type E2F1-RB complex was -64.89 kcal/mol, while those of the L206W, R232C, I254T, and A267T E2F1-RB mutants were -45.90 kcal/mol, -53.52 kcal/mol, -55.67 kcal/mol, and -61.22 kcal/mol, respectively. Our study is the first to extensively analyze E2F1 gene mutations and identifies candidate mutations for further validation and potential targeting for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC) Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Aishma Khattak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir butto women university Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture Peshawar.
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC) Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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2
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Gulati K, Manukonda R, Kairamkonda M, Kaliki S, Poluri KM. Serum Metabolomics of Retinoblastoma: Assessing the Differential Serum Metabolic Signatures of Unilateral and Bilateral Patients. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48233-48250. [PMID: 38144138 PMCID: PMC10733957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common pediatric eye cancer. To identify the biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring the progression of Rb in patients, mapping of the alterations in their metabolic profiles is essential. The present study aims at exploring the metabolic disparity in serum from Rb patients and controls using NMR-based metabolomics. A total of 72 metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids, were quantified in serum samples from 24 Rb patients and 26 controls. Distinct clusters of Rb patients and controls were obtained using the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. Further, univariate and multivariate analyses of unilateral and bilateral Rb patients with respect to their age-matched controls depicted their distinct metabolic fingerprints. Metabolites including 2-phosphoglycerate, 4-aminobutyrate, proline, O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, and Sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Sn-GPC) showed significant perturbation in both unilateral and bilateral Rb patients. However, metabolic differences among the bilateral Rb cases were more pronounced than those in unilateral Rb cases with respect to controls. In addition to major discriminatory metabolites for Rb, unilateral and bilateral Rb cases showed specific metabolic changes, which might be the result of their differential genetic/somatic mutational backgrounds. This further suggests that the aberrant metabolic perturbation in bilateral patients signifies the severity of the disease in Rb patients. The present study demonstrated that identified serum metabolites have potential to serve as a noninvasive method for detection of Rb, discriminate bilateral from unilateral Rb patients, and aid in better understanding of the RB tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gulati
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Radhika Manukonda
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
- Brien
Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad
Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Manikyaprabhu Kairamkonda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The
Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-500034, Telangana, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Wu H, Chen Y, Li M, Chen Z, Liu J, Lai G. Characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration and therapeutic responses of cell cycle-related genes' signature in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13889-13904. [PMID: 37540256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how the cell cycle plays a role in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to establish a clinically applicable predictive model to predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival in BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cycle-related genes (CCGs) were identified within the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n is equal to 1001) and the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort (n is equal to 3265). An analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox was then conducted to develop a nomogram based on CCGs. After validating the nomogram, risk cohort stratification was established and the predictive value was examined. Finally, immune cell infiltration and therapeutic responses were analysed. RESULTS Based on 15 CCGs, 4 prognostic predictors were identified and entered into the nomogram. According to the curves of calibration, the estimated and observed value of the nomogram is in optimal agreement. Subsequently, stratification into two risk cohorts showed that the predictive value, immune cell infiltration and overall survival were better among patients with low risk. Immune checkpoint expression in patients with BC at higher risk was downregulated. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cisplatin and vinorelbine all had higher IC50 values in patients with high-risk BC. CONCLUSION The nomogram based on CCG could assess tumour immune micro-environment regulation and therapeutic responses of immunotherapy in BC. Moreover, it may provide novel information on the control of immune micro-environment infiltration in BC and aid in the development of targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Guie Lai
- Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
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Smith ML, Mignogna KM, Rokita JL, MacLeod L, Damaj MI, Miles MF. Identification of candidate genes for nicotine withdrawal in C57BL/6J × DBA/2J recombinant inbred mice. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12844. [PMID: 36781202 PMCID: PMC10067406 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the reinforcing ingredient in tobacco. Following chronic exposure, sudden cessation of nicotine use produces negative symptoms of withdrawal that contribute to dependence. The molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal behaviors, however, are poorly understood. Using recombinant inbred mice, chronic nicotine was delivered by minipump and withdrawal induced using mecamylamine. Somatic signs of withdrawal, and anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze, were then assessed. Interval mapping was used to identify associations between genetic variation and withdrawal behaviors, and with basal gene expression. Differential gene expression following nicotine exposure and withdrawal was also assessed in progenitor mice using microarrays. Quantitative trait loci mapping identified chromosome intervals with significant genetic associations to somatic signs of withdrawal or withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. Using bioinformatics, and association with basal gene expression in nucleus accumbens, we implicated Rb1, Bnip3l, Pnma2, Itm2b, and Kif13b as candidate genes for somatic signs of withdrawal, and Galr1, which showed trans-regulation from a region of chromosome 14 that was associated with somatic signs of withdrawal. Candidate genes within the chromosome 9 region associated with anxiety-like withdrawal behavior included Dixdc1, Ncam1, and Sorl1. Bioinformatics identified six genes that were also significantly associated with nicotine or alcohol traits in recent human genome-wide association studies. Withdrawal-associated somatic signs and anxiety-like behavior had strong non-overlapping genetic associations, respectively, with regions of chromosome 14 and chromosome 9. Genetic, behavioral and gene expression correlations, and bioinformatics analysis identified several candidate genes that may represent novel molecular targets for modulating nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren L. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Kristin M. Mignogna
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jo L. Rokita
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lorna MacLeod
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- VCU Alcohol Research CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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Beheshti R, Halstead ES, Cusack B, Hicks SD. Multi-Omic Factors Associated with Frequency of Upper Respiratory Infections in Developing Infants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020934. [PMID: 36674462 PMCID: PMC9860840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to upper respiratory infections (URIs) may be influenced by host, microbial, and environmental factors. We hypothesized that multi-omic analyses of molecular factors in infant saliva would identify complex host-environment interactions associated with URI frequency. A cohort study involving 146 infants was used to assess URI frequency in the first year of life. Saliva was collected at 6 months for high-throughput multi-omic measurement of cytokines, microRNAs, transcripts, and microbial RNA. Regression analysis identified environmental (daycare attendance, atmospheric pollution, breastfeeding duration), microbial (Verrucomicrobia, Streptococcus phage), and host factors (miR-22-5p) associated with URI frequency (p < 0.05). These results provide pathophysiologic clues about molecular factors that influence URI susceptibility. Validation of these findings in a larger cohort could one day yield novel approaches to detecting and managing URI susceptibility in infants.
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Masuda M, Horinaka M, Yasuda S, Morita M, Nishimoto E, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Sakai T. Discovery of cancer-preventive juices reactivating RB functions. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:54. [PMID: 37743524 PMCID: PMC10519803 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances have been achieved in the genetic diagnosis and therapies against malignancies due to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. Since active preventive methods are currently insufficient, the further development of appropriate preventive strategies is desired. METHODS We searched for drinks that reactivate the functions of tumor-suppressor retinoblastoma gene (RB) products and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We also examined whether lactic acid bacteria increased the production of the cancer-specific anti-tumor cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), in human, and examined whether the RB-reactivating drinks with lactic acid bacteria decreased azoxymethane-induced rat colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (ACs) in vivo. RESULTS Kakadu plum juice and pomegranate juice reactivated RB functions, which inhibited the growth of human colon cancer LIM1215 cells by G1 phase arrest. These juices also exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Lactiplantibacillus (L.) pentosus S-PT84 was administered to human volunteers and increased the production of TRAIL. In an in vivo study, Kakadu plum juice with or without pomegranate juice and S-PT84 significantly decreased azoxymethane-induced rat colon ACF and ACs. CONCLUSIONS RB is one of the most important molecules suppressing carcinogenesis, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that natural drinks reactivated the functions of RB. As expected, Kakadu plum juice and pomegranate juice suppressed the growth of LIM1215 cells by reactivating the functions of RB, and Kakadu plum juice with or without pomegranate juice and S-PT84 inhibited rat colon ACF and ACs. Therefore, this mixed juice has potential as a novel candidate for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Masuda
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Mie Morita
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Romani A, Zauli E, Zauli G, AlMesfer S, Al-Swailem S, Voltan R. MDM2 inhibitors-mediated disruption of mitochondrial metabolism: A novel therapeutic strategy for retinoblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000677. [PMID: 36338723 PMCID: PMC9632280 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 is the principal inhibitor of p53, and MDM2 inhibitors can disrupt the physical interaction between MDM2 and p53. The half-life of p53 is very short in normal cells and tissues, and an uncontrolled increase in p53 levels has potential harmful effects. It has been shown that p53 is frequently mutated in most cancers; however, p53 mutations are rare in retinoblastoma. Therefore, therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing the expression levels of wild-type p53 are attractive. In this minireview, we discuss the potential use of nutlin-3, the prototype small molecule inhibitor that disrupts the MDM2-p53 interaction, for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Although p53 has pleiotropic biological effects, the functions of p53 depend on its sub-cellular localization. In the nucleus, p53 induces the transcription of a vast array of genes, while in mitochondria, p53 regulates mitochondrial metabolism. This review also discusses the relative contribution of p53-mediated gene transcription and mitochondrial perturbation for retinoblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Romani
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA) Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh AlMesfer
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Al-Swailem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rebecca Voltan
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA) Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Voltan,
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Feunteun J, Ostyn P, Delaloge S. TUMOR CELL MALIGNANCY: A COMPLEX TRAIT BUILT THROUGH RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TUMORS AND TISSUE-BODY SYSTEM. iScience 2022; 25:104217. [PMID: 35494254 PMCID: PMC9044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the late past century, cancer research has been overwhelmingly focused on the genetics and biology of tumor cells and hence has addressed mostly cell-autonomous processes with emphasis on traditional driver/passenger genetic models. Nevertheless, over that same period, multiple seminal observations have accumulated highlighting the role of non-cell autonomous effectors in tumor growth and metastasis. However, given that cell autonomous and non-autonomous events are observed together at the time of diagnosis, it is in fact impossible to know whether the malignant transformation is initiated by cell autonomous oncogenic events or by non-cell autonomous conditions generated by alterations of the tissue-body ecosystem. This review aims at addressing this issue by taking the option of defining malignancy as a complex genetic trait incorporating genetically determined reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and tissue-body ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Pauline Ostyn
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Mäkelä JA, Toppari J. Retinoblastoma-E2F Transcription Factor Interplay Is Essential for Testicular Development and Male Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903684. [PMID: 35663332 PMCID: PMC9161260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) protein family members (pRB, p107 and p130) are key regulators of cell cycle progression, but also play crucial roles in apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. RB proteins exert their effects through binding to E2F transcription factors, which are essential developmental and physiological regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis. According to the canonical view, phosphorylation of RB results in release of E2Fs and induction of genes needed for progress of the cell cycle. However, there are eight members in the E2F transcription factor family with both activator (E2F1-3a) and repressor (E2F3b-E2F8) roles, highlighting the functional diversity of RB-E2F pathway. In this review article we summarize the data showing that RB-E2F interaction is a key cell-autonomous mechanism responsible for establishment and maintenance of lifelong male fertility. We also review the expression pattern of RB proteins and E2F transcription factors in the testis and male germ cells. The available evidence supports that RB and E2F family members are widely and dynamically expressed in the testis, and they are known to have versatile roles during spermatogenesis. Knowledge of the function and significance of RB-E2F interplay for testicular development and spermatogenesis comes primarily from gene knock-out (KO) studies. Several studies conducted in Sertoli cell-specific pRB-KO mice have demonstrated that pRB-mediated inhibition of E2F3 is essential for Sertoli cell functional maturation and cell cycle exit, highlighting that RB-E2F interaction in Sertoli cells is paramount to male fertility. Similarly, ablation of either pRB or E2F1 in the germline results in progressive testicular atrophy due to germline stem cell (GSC) depletion, emphasizing the importance of proper RB-E2F interplay for germline maintenance and lifelong sperm production. In summary, while balanced RB-E2F interplay is essential for cell-autonomous maintenance of GSCs and, the pRB-E2F3 system in Sertoli cells is critical for providing GSC niche thus laying the basis for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Jorma Toppari,
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Linn P, Kohno S, Sheng J, Kulathunga N, Yu H, Zhang Z, Voon D, Watanabe Y, Takahashi C. Targeting RB1 Loss in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153737. [PMID: 34359636 PMCID: PMC8345210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irreversible defects in RB1 tumor suppressor functions often predict poor outcomes in cancer patients. However, the RB1-defecient status can be a benefit as well for them, as it generates a variety of vulnerabilities induced through the upregulation of RB1 targets, relief from functional restrictions due to RB1 binding, presence of genes whose inactivation cause synthetic lethality with RB1 loss, or collateral synthetic lethality owing to simultaneous loss of neighboring genes. Abstract Retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene that was discovered more than 30 years ago. Almost all mitogenic signals promote cell cycle progression by braking on the function of RB1 protein through mono- and subsequent hyper-phosphorylation mediated by cyclin-CDK complexes. The loss of RB1 function drives tumorigenesis in limited types of malignancies including retinoblastoma and small cell lung cancer. In a majority of human cancers, RB1 function is suppressed during tumor progression through various mechanisms. The latter gives rise to the acquisition of various phenotypes that confer malignant progression. The RB1-targeted molecules involved in such phenotypic changes are good quarries for cancer therapy. Indeed, a variety of novel therapies have been proposed to target RB1 loss. In particular, the inhibition of a number of mitotic kinases appeared to be synthetic lethal with RB1 deficiency. A recent study focusing on a neighboring gene that is often collaterally deleted together with RB1 revealed a pharmacologically targetable vulnerability in RB1-deficient cancers. Here we summarize current understanding on possible therapeutic approaches targeting functional or genomic aberration of RB1 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paing Linn
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jindan Sheng
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Nilakshi Kulathunga
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dominic Voon
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | | | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-264-6750; Fax: +81-76-234-4521
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Brown SL, Kendrick S. The i-Motif as a Molecular Target: More Than a Complementary DNA Secondary Structure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020096. [PMID: 33513764 PMCID: PMC7911047 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretches of cytosine-rich DNA are capable of adopting a dynamic secondary structure, the i-motif. When within promoter regions, the i-motif has the potential to act as a molecular switch for controlling gene expression. However, i-motif structures in genomic areas of repetitive nucleotide sequences may play a role in facilitating or hindering expansion of these DNA elements. Despite research on the i-motif trailing behind the complementary G-quadruplex structure, recent discoveries including the identification of a specific i-motif antibody are pushing this field forward. This perspective reviews initial and current work characterizing the i-motif and providing insight into the biological function of this DNA structure, with a focus on how the i-motif can serve as a molecular target for developing new therapeutic approaches to modulate gene expression and extension of repetitive DNA.
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12
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Protein phosphatase 1 in tumorigenesis: is it worth a closer look? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188433. [PMID: 32956763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells take advantage of signaling cascades to meet their requirements for sustained growth and survival. Cell signaling is tightly controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation mechanisms, which require the counterbalanced action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Imbalances on this system are associated with cancer development and progression. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is one of the most relevant protein phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. Despite the widely recognized involvement of PP1 in key biological processes, both in health and disease, its relevance in cancer has been largely neglected. Here, we provide compelling evidence that support major roles for PP1 in tumorigenesis.
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Nuclear P38: Roles in Physiological and Pathological Processes and Regulation of Nuclear Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176102. [PMID: 32847129 PMCID: PMC7504396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, termed here p38) cascade is a central signaling pathway that transmits stress and other signals to various intracellular targets in the cytoplasm and nucleus. More than 150 substrates of p38α/β have been identified, and this number is likely to increase. The phosphorylation of these substrates initiates or regulates a large number of cellular processes including transcription, translation, RNA processing and cell cycle progression, as well as degradation and the nuclear translocation of various proteins. Being such a central signaling cascade, its dysregulation is associated with many pathologies, particularly inflammation and cancer. One of the hallmarks of p38α/β signaling is its stimulated nuclear translocation, which occurs shortly after extracellular stimulation. Although p38α/β do not contain nuclear localization or nuclear export signals, they rapidly and robustly translocate to the nucleus, and they are exported back to the cytoplasm within minutes to hours. Here, we describe the physiological and pathological roles of p38α/β phosphorylation, concentrating mainly on the ill-reviewed regulation of p38α/β substrate degradation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide information on the p38α/β ’s substrates, concentrating mainly on the nuclear targets and their role in p38α/β functions. Finally, we also provide information on the mechanisms of nuclear p38α/β translocation and its use as a therapeutic target for p38α/β-dependent diseases.
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Liu C, Wu Y, Ma J. Interaction of non-coding RNAs and Hippo signaling: Implications for tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:207-216. [PMID: 32822816 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal by "turning off" or "turning on" the kinase cascade chain reaction to manipulate the expression of downstream genes. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway contributes to cancer development and metastasis. Emerging evidence has revealed new insights into tumorigenesis through the interplay between the Hippo pathway and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA. Here, we reviewed the interactions between the Hippo pathway and ncRNAs and their implication for a variety of tumor-promoting or tumor-repressing effects. These interactions have the potential to serve as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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15
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Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation leads to H 2S-mediated inhibition of NF-kB in acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury in mice. Pancreatology 2020; 20:647-658. [PMID: 32402695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP), an inflammatory condition of pancreas, destructs the exocrine cells by releasing various pro-inflammatory cytokines that activates the stellate cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of retinoblastoma (Rb), hydrogen sulphide and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the regulation of exocrine cell proliferation under inflammatory condition. METHODS The randomly grouped male swiss mice were administered with 6 consecutive hourly i.p injections of caerulein to induce AP. Palbociclib (PD) (25 mg/kg body weight), a CDK4/6 inhibitor, was administered 1 h after the first cerulein injection intraperitoneally to block the RB pathway by inhibiting the activity of the CDK4/6 complexes and DL propargylglycine (PAG) which blocks the endogenous H2S production. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 and H2S significantly improved pancreas and lung histopathological changes, decreased serum amylase level, both lung and pancreas myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNFα expression and elevated IL10 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of RB pathway reduced cerulein-induced H2S level by reducing the expression of cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) and NF-κB activation in pancreas and lungs. Also, blocking the RB signalling reduced the α-SMA expression in pancreas preventing the risk for pancreatic fibrosis. Whereas administration of H2S inhibitor PAG resulted in a decrease in CDK4/6-Rb expression in cerulein-induced AP. CONCLUSION These results reveal a novel link between H2S/RB/NF-κB pathways, in AP and provide insight into possible mechanism that can be targeted in prevention of inflammation to cancer development.
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Tumor Milieu Controlled by RB Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072450. [PMID: 32244804 PMCID: PMC7177274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RB gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers. Canonically, RB exerts its tumor suppressive activity through the regulation of the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression by modulating the activity of E2F transcription factors. However, aberration of the RB gene is most commonly detected in tumors when they gain more aggressive phenotypes, including metastatic activity or drug resistance, rather than accelerated proliferation. This implicates RB controls' malignant progression to a considerable extent in a cell cycle-independent manner. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted functions of the RB protein in controlling tumor lineage plasticity, metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), with a focus on the mechanism whereby RB controls the TME. In brief, RB inactivation in several types of cancer cells enhances production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CCL2, through upregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These factors not only accelerate the growth of cancer cells in a cell-autonomous manner, but also stimulate non-malignant cells in the TME to generate a pro-tumorigenic niche in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Here, we discuss the biological and pathological significance of the non-cell-autonomous functions of RB and attempt to predict their potential clinical relevance to cancer immunotherapy.
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17
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Liu P, Zhang X, Li Z, Wei L, Peng Q, Liu C, Wu Y, Yan Q, Ma J. A significant role of transcription factors E2F in inflammation and tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:816-824. [PMID: 32044038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor from head and neck with characteristics in remarkable geographic and racial distribution worldwide, which has the important features of vigorous proliferation and inflammatory cells infiltration. By analyzing the expression profile data of NPC, we found that the E2F-related gene sets were highly enriched in NPC tissues. E2F transcription factor family is an important cycle regulator, which can promote the malignant proliferation and tumorigenesis. Here, we showed that E2Fs accelerated malignant phenotypes of NPC cells. RNA sequencing revealed that E2Fs can significantly up-regulate the inflammatory pathways in NPC cells. E2F1, as a transcription factor, can active the transcription activity of IL-6 promoter, and modulate macrophage function through a microenvironment manner. Thus, this study characterized a significant role of E2Fs in inflammation and tumorigenesis of NPC, which provided a promising anti-tumor target in NPC, since E2Fs are highly expressed and activated in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Loss of Rb1 Enhances Glycolytic Metabolism in Kras-Driven Lung Tumors In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010237. [PMID: 31963621 PMCID: PMC7016860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells and is driven in part by specific genetic alterations in various oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a tumor suppressor that canonically regulates cell cycle progression; however, recent studies have highlighted a functional role for pRb in controlling cellular metabolism. Here, we report that loss of the gene encoding pRb (Rb1) in a transgenic mutant Kras-driven model of lung cancer results in metabolic reprogramming. Our tracer studies using bolus dosing of [U-13C]-glucose revealed an increase in glucose carbon incorporation into select glycolytic intermediates. Consistent with this result, Rb1-depleted tumors exhibited increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes. Interestingly, loss of Rb1 did not alter mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation compared to lung tumors with intact Rb1. Additional tracer studies using [U-13C,15N]-glutamine and [U-13C]-lactate demonstrated that loss of Rb1 did not alter glutaminolysis or utilization of circulating lactate within the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that the loss of Rb1 promotes a glycolytic phenotype, while not altering pyruvate oxidative metabolism or glutamine anaplerosis in Kras-driven lung tumors.
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Liu JC, Granieri L, Shrestha M, Wang DY, Vorobieva I, Rubie EA, Jones R, Ju Y, Pellecchia G, Jiang Z, Palmerini CA, Ben-David Y, Egan SE, Woodgett JR, Bader GD, Datti A, Zacksenhaus E. Identification of CDC25 as a Common Therapeutic Target for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 23:112-126. [PMID: 29617654 PMCID: PMC9357459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are effective against cancer cells expressing the tumor suppressor RB1, but not RB1-deficient cells, posing the challenge of how to target RB1 loss. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), RB1 and PTEN are frequently inactivated together with TP53. We performed kinome/phosphatase inhibitor screens on primary mouse Rb/p53-, Pten/p53-, and human RB1/PTEN/TP53-deficient TNBC cell lines and identified CDC25 phosphatase as a common target. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CDC25 suppressed growth of RB1-deficient TNBC cells that are resistant to combined CDK4/6 plus CDK2 inhibition. Minimal cooperation was observed in vitro between CDC25 antagonists and CDK1, CDK2, or CDK4/6 inhibitors, but strong synergy with WEE1 inhibition was apparent. In accordance with increased PI3K signaling following long-term CDC25 inhibition, CDC25 and PI3K inhibitors effectively synergized to suppress TNBC growth both in vitro and in xenotransplantation models. These results provide a rationale for the development of CDC25-based therapies for diverse RB1/PTEN/TP53-deficient and -proficient TNBCs. Liu et al. report that inhibition of the protein phosphatase CDC25 kills diverse triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, CDC25 antagonists cooperate with other drugs, such as PI3K inhibitors, to efficiently suppress growth of human TNBC engrafted into mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Liu
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - Letizia Granieri
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1; Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariusz Shrestha
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dong-Yu Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - Ioulia Vorobieva
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Rubie
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Jones
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1
| | - Carlo A Palmerini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China; State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Sean E Egan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Cell Biology, The Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Network Biology Collaborative Centre, SMART Laboratory for High-Throughput Screening Programs, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Toronto General Research Institute - University Health Network, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M1; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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Li F, Kitajima S, Kohno S, Yoshida A, Tange S, Sasaki S, Okada N, Nishimoto Y, Muranaka H, Nagatani N, Suzuki M, Masuda S, Thai TC, Nishiuchi T, Tanaka T, Barbie DA, Mukaida N, Takahashi C. Retinoblastoma Inactivation Induces a Protumoral Microenvironment via Enhanced CCL2 Secretion. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3903-3915. [PMID: 31189648 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell-intrinsic properties caused by oncogenic mutations have been well characterized; however, how specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not well understood. Here, we present a novel non-cell-autonomous function of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor in controlling the TME. RB inactivation stimulated tumor growth and neoangiogenesis in a syngeneic and orthotropic murine soft-tissue sarcoma model, which was associated with recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and immunosuppressive cells such as Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Gene expression profiling and analysis of genetically engineered mouse models revealed that RB inactivation increased secretion of the chemoattractant CCL2. Furthermore, activation of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the TME promoted tumor angiogenesis and recruitment of TAMs and MDSCs into the TME in several tumor types including sarcoma and breast cancer. Loss of RB increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by activating AMP-activated protein kinase that led to inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which suppresses FAO. This promoted mitochondrial superoxide production and JNK activation, which enhanced CCL2 expression. These findings indicate that the CCL2-CCR2 axis could be an effective therapeutic target in RB-deficient tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate the cell-nonautonomous role of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma in the tumor microenvironment, linking retinoblastoma loss to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkai Li
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiyo Yoshida
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Keiju Medical Center, Nanao, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Okada
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Nishimoto
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Nagatani
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sayuri Masuda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tran C Thai
- Keiju Medical Center, Nanao, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Kumar D, Vetrivel U, Parameswaran S, Subramanian KK. Structural insights on druggable hotspots in CD147: A bull's eye view. Life Sci 2019; 224:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gene set enrichment analysis of the bronchial epithelium implicates contribution of cell cycle and tissue repair processes in equine asthma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16408. [PMID: 30401798 PMCID: PMC6219531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lower airways similar to adult-onset asthma in humans. Exacerbations are characterized by bronchial and bronchiolar neutrophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and airway constriction. In this study we analyzed the gene expression response of the bronchial epithelium within groups of asthmatic and non-asthmatic animals following exposure to a dusty hay challenge. After challenge we identified 2341 and 120 differentially expressed genes in asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis of changes in gene expression after challenge identified 587 and 171 significantly enriched gene sets in asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses, respectively. Gene sets in asthmatic animals pertained, but were not limited, to cell cycle, neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, wound healing, hemostasis, coagulation, regulation of body fluid levels, and the hedgehog pathway. Furthermore, transcription factor target enrichment analysis in the asthmatic group showed that transcription factor motifs with the highest enrichment scores for up-regulated genes belonged to the E2F transcription factor family. It is postulated that engagement of hedgehog and E2F pathways in asthmatic horses promotes dysregulated cell proliferation and abnormal epithelial repair. These fundamental lesions may prevent re-establishment of homeostasis and perpetuate inflammation.
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Abstract
The canonical model of RB-mediated tumour suppression developed over the past 30 years is based on the regulation of E2F transcription factors to restrict cell cycle progression. Several additional functions have been proposed for RB, on the basis of which a non-canonical RB pathway can be described. Mechanistically, the non-canonical RB pathway promotes histone modification and regulates chromosome structure in a manner distinct from cell cycle regulation. These functions have implications for chemotherapy response and resistance to targeted anticancer agents. This Opinion offers a framework to guide future studies of RB in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Emerging functional markers for cancer stem cell-based therapies: Understanding signaling networks for targeting metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:90-109. [PMID: 29966677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most challenging issues in cancer patient management, and effective therapies to specifically target disease progression are missing, emphasizing the urgent need for developing novel anti-metastatic therapeutics. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) gained fast attention as a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors that are responsible for tumor onset, self-renewal, resistance to radio- and chemotherapies, and evasion of immune surveillance accelerating recurrence and metastasis. Recent progress in the identification of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics and interactions with the tumor microenvironment provides great potential for the development of CSC-based targeted therapies and radical improvement in metastasis prevention and cancer patient prognosis. Here, we report on newly uncovered signaling mechanisms controlling CSC's aggressiveness and treatment resistance, and CSC-specific agents and molecular therapeutics, some of which are currently under investigation in clinical trials, gearing towards decisive functional CSC intrinsic or surface markers. One special research focus rests upon subverted regulatory pathways such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and its interactors in metastasis-initiating cell populations directly related to the gain of stem cell- and EMT-associated properties, as well as key components of the E2F transcription factor network regulating metastatic progression, microenvironmental changes, and chemoresistance. In addition, the study provides insight into systems biology tools to establish complex molecular relationships behind the emergence of aggressive phenotypes from high-throughput data that rely on network-based analysis and their use to investigate immune escape mechanisms or predict clinical outcome-relevant CSC receptor signaling signatures. We further propose that customized vector technologies could drastically enhance systemic drug delivery to target sites, and summarize recent progress and remaining challenges. This review integrates available knowledge on CSC biology, computational modeling approaches, molecular targeting strategies, and delivery techniques to envision future clinical therapies designed to conquer metastasis-initiating cells.
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Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Mediator Complex Subunit 13-like (Med13L) Gene in the Context of Immune Function and Development of Experimental Arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:365-377. [PMID: 29951696 PMCID: PMC6154033 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mediator complex subunit 13-like (MED13L) protein is part of the multi-protein mediator complex and plays an important role in gene transcription. Polymorphisms in the MED13L gene have been linked to congenital heart anomalies and intellectual disabilities. Despite recent evidence of indirect links of MED13L to cytokine release and inflammation, impact of genetic variations in MED13L on immune cells remains unexplored. The B10.RIII and RIIIS/J mouse strains vary in susceptibility to induced experimental autoimmune disease models. From sequencing data of the two mouse strains, we identified six polymorphisms in the coding regions of Med13L. Using congenic mice, we studied the effect of these polymorphisms on immune cell development and function along with susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis. Combining in vivo disease data, in vitro functional data, and computational analysis of the reported non-synonymous polymorphisms, we report that genetic polymorphisms in Med13L do not affect the immune phenotype in these mice and are predicted to be non-disease associated.
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Tyagi P, Santos JL. Macromolecule nanotherapeutics: approaches and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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PGD2/PTGDR2 Signaling Restricts the Self-Renewal and Tumorigenesis of Gastric Cancer. Stem Cells 2018; 36:990-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kitajima S, Takahashi C. Intersection of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor function, stem cells, metabolism, and inflammation. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1726-1731. [PMID: 28865172 PMCID: PMC5581511 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor regulates G1/S transition during cell cycle progression by modulating the activity of E2F transcription factors. The RB pathway plays a central role in the suppression of most cancers, and RB mutation was initially discovered by virtue of its role in tumor initiation. However, as cancer genome sequencing has evolved to profile more advanced and treatment‐resistant cancers, it has become increasingly clear that, in the majority of cancers, somatic RB inactivation occurs during tumor progression. Furthermore, despite the presence of deregulation of cell cycle control due to an INK4A deletion, additional CCND amplification and/or other mutations in the RB pathway, mutation or deletion of the RB gene is often observed during cancer progression. Of note, RB inactivation during cancer progression not only facilitates G1/S transition but also enhances some characteristics of malignancy, including altered drug sensitivity and a return to the undifferentiated state. Recently, we reported that RB inactivation enhances pro‐inflammatory signaling through stimulation of the interleukin‐6/STAT3 pathway, which directly promotes various malignant features of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the consequences of RB inactivation during cancer progression, and discuss the biological and pathological significance of the interaction between RB and pro‐inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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