1
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Xia C, Zhao J, Huang Y, Miao H, Zhao F. Angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: insights, imaging, and therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331064. [PMID: 38863627 PMCID: PMC11165036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly prevalent head and neck malignancy in southern China frequently diagnosed at advanced stages owing to subtle early symptoms and associated metastasis. Angiogenesis emerges as a pivotal factor in NPC progression, with numerous angiogenesis-related factors showing aberrant expression and contributing to increased neovascularization within NPC tumors. These abnormal vessels not only nourish tumor growth but also facilitate metastasis, culminating in unfavorable patient outcomes. Multiple studies have demonstrated the applicability of various imaging techniques for assessing angiogenesis in NPC tumors, thus serving as a foundation for personalized treatment strategies and prognostic assessments. Anti-angiogenic therapies have exhibited significant potential for inhibiting NPC angiogenesis and exerting anti-tumor effects. To enhance efficacy, anti-angiogenic drugs are frequently combined with other treatment modalities to synergistically enhance anti-tumor effects while mitigating the side effects associated with single-agent therapies, consequently improving patient prognosis. Identifying the potential mechanisms and key targets underlying NPC angiogenesis and exploring more effective detection and treatment approaches holds promise for shaping the future of NPC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, thereby offering new avenues and perspectives for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbin Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bishan hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan, Chongqing, China
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Li S, Dai W, Kam NW, Zhang J, Lee VHF, Ren X, Kwong DLW. The Role of Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1312. [PMID: 38610990 PMCID: PMC11011204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which contributes to tumor development and influences the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in NPC. Natural killer (NK) cells, as part of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in responding to viral infections and malignant cell transformations. Notably, NK cells possess a unique ability to target tumor cells independent of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) expression. This means that MHC I-deficient tumor cells, which can escape from effective T cell attack, are susceptible to NK-cell-mediated killing. The activation of NK cells is determined by the signals generated through inhibitory and activating receptors expressed on their surface. Understanding the role of NK cells in the complex TIME of EBV+ NPC is of utmost importance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NK cells in NPC, focusing on their subpopulations, interactions, and cytotoxicity within the TIME. Moreover, we discuss the potential translational therapeutic applications of NK cells in NPC. This review aims to enhance our knowledge of the role of NK cells in NPC and provide valuable insights for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhan Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; (S.L.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (N.-W.K.); (V.H.F.L.)
| | - Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (N.-W.K.); (V.H.F.L.)
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; (S.L.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Victor H. F. Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (N.-W.K.); (V.H.F.L.)
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; (S.L.); (J.Z.)
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.D.); (N.-W.K.); (V.H.F.L.)
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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3
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Torne AS, Robertson ES. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:991. [PMID: 38473352 PMCID: PMC10931536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA-based human tumor virus that was first isolated in 1964 from lymphoma biopsies. Since its initial discovery, EBV has been identified as a major contributor to numerous cancers and chronic autoimmune disorders. The virus is particularly efficient at infecting B-cells but can also infect epithelial cells, utilizing an array of epigenetic strategies to establish long-term latent infection. The association with histone modifications, alteration of DNA methylation patterns in host and viral genomes, and microRNA targeting of host cell factors are core epigenetic strategies that drive interactions between host and virus, which are necessary for viral persistence and progression of EBV-associated diseases. Therefore, understanding epigenetic regulation and its role in post-entry viral dynamics is an elusive area of EBV research. Here, we present current outlooks of EBV epigenetic regulation as it pertains to viral interactions with its host during latent infection and its propensity to induce tumorigenesis. We review the important epigenetic regulators of EBV latency and explore how the strategies involved during latent infection drive differential epigenetic profiles and host-virus interactions in EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Tavakolian S, Tabaeian SP, Namazi A, Faghihloo E, Akbari A. Role of the VEGF in virus-associated cancers. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2493. [PMID: 38078693 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The role of numerous risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, smoking, having diet high in fat and sugar and many other items, on caner progression cannot be denied. Viral diseases are one these factors, and they can initiate some signalling pathways causing cancer. For example, they can be effective on providing oxygen and nutrients by inducing VEGF expression. In this review article, we summarised the mechanisms of angiogenesis and VEGF expression in cancerous tissues which are infected with oncoviruses (Epstein-Barr virus, Human papillomavirus infection, Human T-lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaian Tavakolian
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Namazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Occupational Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Santarelli R, Evangelista L, Pompili C, Lo Presti S, Rossi A, Arena A, Gaeta A, Gonnella R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. EBV infection of primary colonic epithelial cells causes inflammation, DDR and autophagy dysregulation, effects that may predispose to IBD and carcinogenesis. Virus Res 2023; 338:199236. [PMID: 37797746 PMCID: PMC10582763 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
EBV is a gammaherpesvirus strongly associated to human cancer. The virus has been shown to play a role also in inflammatory diseases, including IBD, in the context of which colon cancer more frequently arise. In this study, we show for the first time that EBV infects primary colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpC), promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activates molecular pathways bridging inflammation and cancer, such as ERK1/2. These effects, occurring in the course of the lytic phase of the viral life cycle, led to DDR and autophagy dysregulation. Such cellular responses, playing a key role in the maintenance of proteostasis and genome integrity, are essential to prevent carcinogenesis. Interestingly, we found that the use of the demethylating agent 5-AZA could counteract most of the effects induced by EBV infection in HCoEpC, suggesting that DNA hyper-methylation may strongly contribute to viral-driven inflammation and colon cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Evangelista
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Presti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Lam RCT, Hui CWC, Wong CH, Lo KW, Tsang ACM, Hui EP, Chan ATC, Ma BBY. Preclinical evaluation of the VEGF/Ang2 bispecific nanobody BI 836880 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma models. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:699-709. [PMID: 37572231 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic to parts of Asia and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α are common in NPC. Anti-vascular agents have known clinical activity in patients with recurrent/ metastatic NPC and in this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of BI 836880, a humanized bispecific nanobody against VEGF and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), in preclinical models of EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC. The efficacy of BI 836880 was also compared with bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF. We found that BI 836880 could exert growth-inhibitory effect on endothelial cells (HUVEC-C) and the EBV-negative NPC cell line (HK1), but to a lesser extent in the EBV-positive NPC cell lines, C17C and C666-1. In patients-derived xenograft (PDX) models of NPC - Xeno-2117 and Xeno-666, BI 836880 could suppress tumor growth and Ki67, as well as induce tumor necrosis and reduce microvessel density. Moreover, treatment with BI 836880 increased the level of macrophage infiltration in both PDX tumor models of NPC, suggesting that BI 836880 may exert immunomodulatory effect on the NPC immune microenvironment. When compared with bevacizumab, BI 836880 appeared to show at least comparable activity as bevacizumab in terms of its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects. This study showed that BI 836880 has anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and possibly immunomodulatory effect in clinical models of NPC, therefore the dual targeting of VEGF and Ang2 signaling in NPC should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C T Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong , SAR, China
| | - Connie W C Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C H Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - K W Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anna C M Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Cancer Drug Testing Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Yang F, Li X, Li Y, Lei H, Du Q, Yu X, Li L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Lin M. Histogram analysis of quantitative parameters from synthetic MRI: correlations with prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5344-5354. [PMID: 37036478 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation between histogram parameters derived from synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) and prognostically relevant factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Fifty-nine consecutive NPC patients were prospectively enrolled. Quantitative parameters (T1, T2, and proton density (PD)) were obtained by outlining the three-dimensional volume of interest (VOI) of all lesions. Then, histogram analysis of these quantitative parameters was performed and the correlations with prognostically relevant factors were assessed. By choosing appropriate cutoff, we divided the sample into two groups. Independent-samples t test/Mann-Whitney U test was used and ROC curve analysis was further processed. RESULTS Histogram parameters of the T1, T2, and PD maps were positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression levels, and PD_mean was the most representative parameter (AUC: 0.861). The PD map exhibited good performance in differentiating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression levels (AUC: 0.706~0.732) and histological type (AUC: 0.650~0.660). T2_minimum was highest correlated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels (r = - 0.419), and PD_75th percentile exhibited the highest performance in distinguishing positive and negative EBV DNA groups (AUC: 0.721). T1_minimum was statistically correlated with EA-IgA expression (r = - 0.313). Additionally, several histogram parameters were negatively correlated with tumor stage (T stage: r = - 0.259 ~ - 0.301; N stage: r = - 0.348 ~ - 0.456; clinical stage: r = - 0.419). CONCLUSIONS Histogram parameters of SyMRI could reflect tissue intrinsic characteristics and showed potential value in assessing the Ki-67 and EGFR expression levels, histological type, EBV DNA level, EA-IgA, and tumor stage. KEY POINTS • SyMRI combined with histogram analysis may help clinicians to assess different prognostic factor statuses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. • The PD map exhibited good discriminating performance in the Ki-67 and EGFR expression levels. • Histogram parameters of SyMRI were negatively correlated with EBV-related blood biomarkers and TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huizi Lei
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoduo Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Su ZY, Siak PY, Leong CO, Cheah SC. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1116143. [PMID: 36846758 PMCID: PMC9947861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a metastasis-prone malignancy closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite ubiquitous infection of EBV worldwide, NPC incidences displayed predominance in certain ethnic groups and endemic regions. The majority of NPC patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, as a result of anatomical isolation and non-specific clinical manifestation. Over the decades, researchers have gained insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC pathogenesis as a result of the interplay of EBV infection with several environmental and genetic factors. EBV-associated biomarkers were also used for mass population screening for the early detection of NPC. EBV and its encoded products also serve as potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies and tumour-specific drug delivery. This review will discuss the pathogenic role of EBV in NPC and efforts in exploiting the potential of EBV-associated molecules as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The current knowledge on the role of EBV and its associated products in NPC tumorigenesis, development and progression will offer a new outlook and potential intervention strategy against this EBV-associated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Su
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- AGTC Genomics Sdn Bhd, Pusat Perdagangan Bandar, Persiaran Jalil 1, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Protein Kinase CK2 and Epstein-Barr Virus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020358. [PMID: 36830895 PMCID: PMC9953236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a pleiotropic protein kinase, which phosphorylates a number of cellular and viral proteins. Thereby, this kinase is implicated in the regulation of cellular signaling, controlling of cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune response, migration and invasion. In general, viruses use host signaling mechanisms for the replication of their genome as well as for cell transformation leading to cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that CK2 also plays a role in controlling viral infection and the generation of cancer cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytically infects epithelial cells of the oropharynx and B cells. These latently infected B cells subsequently become resting memory B cells when passing the germinal center. Importantly, EBV is responsible for the generation of tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma. EBV was one of the first human viruses, which was connected to CK2 in the early nineties of the last century. The present review shows that protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates EBV encoded proteins as well as cellular proteins, which are implicated in the lytic and persistent infection and in EBV-induced neoplastic transformation. EBV-encoded and CK2-phosphorylated proteins together with CK2-phosphorylated cellular signaling proteins have the potential to provide efficient virus replication and cell transformation. Since there are powerful inhibitors known for CK2 kinase activity, CK2 might become an attractive target for the inhibition of EBV replication and cell transformation.
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Differentially Infiltrated Identification of Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Associated with Immune Infiltration in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3934704. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3934704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background. The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells has been widely studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the diagnosis of NPC has not been fully elucidated. Thus, tumor-infiltrating immune cell-related biomarkers in the diagnosis of NPC patients were explored in the current study. Methods. Gene expression profiles of NPC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially infiltrating immune cells (DDICs) between NPC and control samples were analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen hub genes significantly correlated with DDIC. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of hub genes were performed with R package clusterProfiler. The diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RT-qPCR was conducted to validate the expression patterns of diagnostic markers in NPC and adjacent control tissues. The correlations between diagnostic markers and immunomodulators were analyzed using the TISIDB. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on immunomodulators significantly associated with diagnostic biomarkers was constructed and visualized by STRING. The functional enrichment analysis of genes in the PPI network was analyzed by the WebGestalt online tool. Results. The abundances of memory B cells, plasma cells, follicular helper T cells, activated NK cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting mast cells, and activated mast cells were significantly different between NPC and control samples. Dark orange was identified as the hub module, with a total of 371 genes associated with memory B cells, plasma cells, and M0 and M1 macrophages defined as hub genes, which were enriched into immune-related biological processes and pathways. FCER2, KHDRBS2, and IGSF9 were considered diagnostic biomarkers with areas under ROC curves as 0.985, 0.978, and 0.975, respectively. Moreover, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) suggested that the expression patterns of FCER2, KHDRBS2, and IGSF9 were consistent with the results in GEO datasets. TISIDB analysis revealed that FCER2, KHDRBS2, and IGSF9 had a strong association with 8 immunoinhibitors (BTLA, CD160, CD96, LAG3, PDCD1, TIGIT, CD244, and TGFB1) and 11 immunostimulators (CD27, CD28, CD40LG, CD48, ICOS, KLRC1, KLRK1, TMIGD2, TNFRSF13C, CXCR4, and C10 or f54). The PPI network implied that these 19 immunomodulators had interactions with other 50 genes. WebGestalt analysis demonstrated that 69 genes in the PPI network were enriched into cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Conclusion. Our study identified novel diagnostic biomarkers and revealed potential immune-related mechanisms in NPC. These findings enlighten the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating immune cells regulating NPC.
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11
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Su ZY, Siak PY, Leong CO, Cheah SC. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840467. [PMID: 35311066 PMCID: PMC8924466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Cells in the TME communicate through various mechanisms, of note, exosomes, ligand-receptor interactions, cytokines and chemokines are active players in the construction of TME, characterized by an abundance of immune infiltrates with suppressed immune activities. The NPC microenvironment serves as a target-rich niche for the discovery of potential promising predictive or diagnostic biomarkers and the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, huge efforts have been made to exploit the role of the NPC microenvironment. The whole picture of the NPC microenvironment remains to be portrayed to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and implement research into clinical practice. The current review discusses the recent insights into the role of TME in the development and progression of NPC which results in different clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical interventions with the use of TME components as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, their challenges, and future perspectives will be introduced. This review anticipates to provide insights to the researchers for future preclinical, translational and clinical research on the NPC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi Su
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Centre of Cancer and Stem Cells Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Jiang X, Deng X, Wang J, Mo Y, Shi L, Wei F, Zhang S, Gong Z, He Y, Xiong F, Wang Y, Guo C, Xiang B, Zhou M, Liao Q, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. BPIFB1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry via downregulation of GLUT1-mediated H3K27 acetylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:233-245. [PMID: 34725462 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) demonstrates significant regional differences and a high incidence in Southeast Asia and Southern China. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing-fold- containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a relatively specific and highly expressed protein in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. BPIFB1 expression is substantially downregulated in NPC and is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with NPC. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which BPIFB1 regulates NPC is not well understood. In this study, we found that BPIFB1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry by regulating the metabolic reprogramming of NPC. BPIFB1 decreases GLUT1 transcription by downregulating the JNK/AP1 signaling pathway. Altered glycolysis reduces the acetylation level of histone and decreases the expression of vasculogenic mimicry-related genes, VEGFA, VE-cadherin, and MMP2, ultimately leading to the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the role and specific mechanism of BPIFB1 as a tumor suppressor gene involved in regulating glycolysis and vasculogenic mimicry in NPC. Overall, these results provide a new therapeutic target for NPC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Situ YL, Xiao SX, Li SJ, Fang WX, Chen J, Li HJ. Exploring the mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii against cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.344544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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14
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Ma W, Ou T, Cui X, Wu K, Li H, Li Y, Peng G, Xia W, Wu S. HSP47 contributes to angiogenesis by induction of CCL2 in bladder cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110044. [PMID: 34000383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone and is involved in tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis. However, the regulatory network of HSP47 in angiogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of HSP47-induced angiogenesis in bladder cancer (BC). We find that HSP47 is abnormally overexpressed in BC and is correlated with poor prognosis. HSP47 down-regulation suppresses angiogenesis in BC cells. Mechanistically, activation of the ERK pathway and induction of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) are responsible for HSP47-induced angiogenesis. The correlation between HSP47 with CCL2 and angiogenesis is further confirmed in BC clinical samples. Taken together, our findings suggest that HSP47 contributes to BC angiogenesis by induction of CCL2 and provide a potential anti-angiogenesis target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Ma
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tong Ou
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China; Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Xiangrui Cui
- Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guoyu Peng
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wuchao Xia
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China; Teaching Center of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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15
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Li HP, Huang CY, Lui KW, Chao YK, Yeh CN, Lee LY, Huang Y, Lin TL, Kuo YC, Huang MY, Lai YR, Yeh YM, Fan HC, Lin AC, Hsieh JCH, Chang KP, Lin CY, Wang HM, Chang YS, Hsu CL. Combination of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockers and CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122954. [PMID: 34204797 PMCID: PMC8231497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our findings indicated that the EGF-EGFR pathway was highly activated in very young patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC. High EGFR expression in patients with metastatic NPC resulted in poor clinical outcomes. To examine whether the EGFR pathway serves as a therapeutic target for NPC, NPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and NPC cell lines were treated with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) and a cell cycle blocker. Either EGFRi or cell cycle blocker treatment alone could reduce NPC cell growth and PDX tumor growth. Furthermore, combination treatment exerted an additive suppression effect on PDX tumor growth. This study provides promising evidence that EGFRi used in combination with a cell cycle blocker may be used to treat patients with NPC. Abstract Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) involves host genetics, environmental and viral factors. In clinical observations, patients of young and old ages were found to have higher recurrence and metastatic rates. Methods: Cytokine array was employed to screen druggable target(s). The candidate target(s) were confirmed through patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and a new EBV-positive cell line, NPC-B13. Results: Overexpression of epithelial growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) was detected in young patients than in older patients. The growth of NPC PDX tumors and cell lines was inhibited by EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) cetuximab and afatinib when used separately or in combination with the cell cycle blocker palbociclib. Western blot analysis of these drug-treated PDXs demonstrated that the blockade of the EGF signaling pathway was associated with a decrease in the p-EGFR level and reduction in PDX tumor size. RNA sequencing results of PDX tumors elucidated that cell cycle-related pathways were suppressed in response to drug treatments. High EGFR expression (IHC score ≥ grade 3) was correlated with poor survival in metastatic patients (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our results provide encouraging preliminary data related to the combination treatment of EGFRi and palbociclib in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Chen-Yang Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Kar-Wai Lui
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tung-Liang Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Yung-Chia Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Chi Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - An-Chi Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200; Fax: +886-3-327-8211
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16
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CCR5 maintains macrophages in the bone marrow and drives hematopoietic failure in a mouse model of severe aplastic anemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:3139-3151. [PMID: 33744909 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is an acquired, T cell-driven bone marrow (BM) failure disease characterized by elevated interferon gamma (IFNγ), loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and altered BM microenvironment, including dysfunctional macrophages (MΦs). T lymphocytes are therapeutic targets for treating SAA, however, the underlying mechanisms driving SAA development and how innate immune cells contribute to disease remain poorly understood. In a murine model of SAA, increased beta-chemokines correlated with disease and were partially dependent on IFNγ. IFNγ was required for increased expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 on MΦs. CCR5 antagonism in murine SAA improved survival, correlating with increased platelets and significantly increased platelet-biased CD41hi HSCs. T cells are key drivers of disease, however, T cell-specific CCR5 expression and T cell-derived CCL5 were not necessary for disease. CCR5 antagonism reduced BM MΦs and diminished their expression of Tnf and Ccl5, correlating with reduced frequencies of IFNγ-secreting BM T cells. Mechanistically, CCR5 was intrinsically required for maintaining BM MΦs during SAA. Ccr5 expression was significantly increased in MΦs from aged mice and humans, relative to young counterparts. Our data identify CCR5 signaling as a key axis promoting the development of IFNγ-dependent BM failure, particularly relevant in aging where Ccr5 expression is elevated.
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17
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Li Q, Wang T, Huang Y, Li Q, Liu P, Grimm R, Fu C, Zhang Y, Gu Y. Whole-Tumor Histogram and Texture Imaging Features on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined With Epstein-Barr Virus Status to Predict Disease Progression in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:610804. [PMID: 33767984 PMCID: PMC7986723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.610804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) could produce differences on MRI by examining the histogram and texture imaging features. We also sought to determine the predictive value of pretreatment MRI texture analyses incorporating with EBV status for disease progression (PD) in patients with primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients with primary T2-T4 NPC and known EBV status who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI were included in this retrospective study. Whole-tumor-based histogram and texture features were extracted from pretreatment T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI images. Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to identify the differences in histogram and texture parameters between EBV DNA-positive and EBV DNA-negative NPC images. The effects of clinical variables as well as histogram and texture features were estimated by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to predict the EBV status and PD. Finally, an integrated model with the best performance was built. Results: Of the 81 patients included, 54 had EBV DNA-positive NPC, and 27 had EBV DNA-negative NPC. Patients who were tested EBV DNA-positive had higher overall stage (P = 0.016), more lymphatic metastases (p < 0.0001), and easier distant metastases (P = 0.026) than the patients who were tested EBV DNA-negative. Tumor volume, T1WISkewness and T2WIKurtosis showed significant differences between the two groups. The combination of the three features achieved an AUC of 0.783 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.678–0.888] with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.4 and 74.1%, respectively, in differentiating EBV DNA-positive tumors from EBV DNA-negative tumors. The combination of overall stage and tumor volume of T2WIKurtosis and EBV status was the most effective model for predicting PD in patients with primary NPC. The overall accuracy was 84.6%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.8 and 66.2%, respectively (AUC, 0.800; 95% CI 0.700–0.900). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRI-based radiological features and EBV status can be used as an aid tool for the evaluation of PD, in order to develop tailored treatment targeting specific characteristics of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - TingTing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - PeiYao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Grimm
- Magnetic Resonance Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
| | - CaiXia Fu
- Magnetic Resonance Applications Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - YunYan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Gan R. Signaling pathways of EBV-induced oncogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:93. [PMID: 33549103 PMCID: PMC7868022 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with multiple human cancers. EBV-associated cancers are mainly lymphomas derived from B cells and T cells (Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)) and carcinomas derived from epithelial cells (nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma). EBV can induce oncogenesis in its host cell by activating various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Wnt/β-catenin, which are regulated by EBV-encoded proteins and noncoding RNA. In this review, we focus on the oncogenic roles of EBV that are mediated through the aforementioned signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Runliang Gan
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical School, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Korbecki J, Grochans S, Gutowska I, Barczak K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207619. [PMID: 33076281 PMCID: PMC7590012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines (or β-chemokines) are 28 chemotactic cytokines with an N-terminal CC domain that play an important role in immune system cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, macrophages, monocytes, and NK cells, as well in neoplasia. In this review, we discuss human CC motif chemokine ligands: CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 (CC motif chemokine receptor CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 ligands). We present their functioning in human physiology and in neoplasia, including their role in the proliferation, apoptosis resistance, drug resistance, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. We discuss the significance of chemokine receptors in organ-specific metastasis, as well as the influence of each chemokine on the recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), Kupffer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), osteoclasts, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and regulatory T cells (Treg). Finally, we show how the effect of the chemokines on vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells leads to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515
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20
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Wu ZH, Yun-Tang, Cheng Q. Data Mining Identifies Six Proteins that Can Act as Prognostic Markers for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720929308. [PMID: 32452220 PMCID: PMC7563932 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720929308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract affecting the oral cavity, lips, paranasal sinuses, larynx, and nasopharynx. Proteogenomics combines proteomics and genomics and employs mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing technologies to identify novel peptides. The aim of this study was to identify potential protein biomarkers for clinical treatment of HNSCC. To achieve this, we utilized two sets of data, one on proteins from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and the other on gene expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, to evaluate dysfunctional proteogenomics microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between protein signatures and prognosis. A total of 19 proteins were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of patients, of which E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1; HR = 4.557, 95% CI = 1.810 to 11.469) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; HR = 0.430, 95% CI = 0.187 to 0.984) were the most differentially expressed between patients with longer and shorter OS, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis on six proteins (ERALPHA, HER3, BRAF, P27, RAPTOR, and E2F1) was performed to build the prognostic model. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine whether the expression pattern of survival-related proteins could provide an early prediction of the occurrence of HNSCC. Herein, we found an AUC of 0.720. Based on an online database, we identified novel protein markers for the prognosis of HNSCC. The findings of the present study may provide new insights into the development of new and reliable tools for precise cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-hong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Rivera-Soto R, Damania B. Modulation of Angiogenic Processes by the Human Gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1544. [PMID: 31354653 PMCID: PMC6640166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the biological process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels. It is considered one of the classic hallmarks of cancer, as pathological angiogenesis provides oxygen and essential nutrients to growing tumors. Two of the seven known human oncoviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), belong to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Both viruses are associated with several malignancies including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The viral genomes code for a plethora of viral factors, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to deregulate angiogenic pathways and promote tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the ability of both viruses to modulate the pro-angiogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-Soto
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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22
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Shi Q, Ding Y, Yang Y, Liu S, Wang J, Luo B. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA–mRNA interaction associated with LMP2A gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to construct miRNA–mRNA network associated with LMP2A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials & methods: The dataset GSE53914, GSE12452 and GSE26596 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by GEO2R. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed by ClusterProfiler R package. Protein–protein interaction network and mRNA–miRNA network associated with LMP2A were constructed. Hub genes were identified by Cytoscape. Results: The 135 DEGs associated with LMP2A were identified in NPC. Gene ontology function analysis showed DEGs were significantly enriched in cell–cell adhesion and NF-κB pathway. The hub genes were related to cell cycle. miRNA–mRNA network associated with LMP2A was constructed. Conclusion: The network may provide a way to explore the function of LMP2A in NPC by miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Shi
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong, 266021, China
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23
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Abstract
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in its etiological association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, hidden anatomical location, remarkable racial and geographical distribution, and high incidence of locoregional recurrence or metastasis. Thanks to the advancements in proteomics in recent decades, more understanding of the disease etiology, carcinogenesis, and progression has been gained, potentially deciphering the molecular characteristics of the malignancy. Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of the proteomic aberrations that are likely involved or drive NPC development and progression, focusing on the contributions of major EBV-encoded factors, intercommunication with environment, protein features of high metastasis and therapy resistance, and protein-protein interactions that allow NPC cells to evade immune recognition and elimination. Finally, multistep carcinogenesis and subtypes of NPC from a proteomic perspective are inquired. Expert commentary: Proteomic studies have covered various aspects involved in NPC pathogenesis, yet much remains to be uncovered. Coherent study designs, optimal conditions for obtaining high-quality data, and compelling interpretation are critical in ensuring the emergence of good science out of NPC proteomics. NPC proteogenomics and proteoform analysis are two promising fields to promote the application of the proteomic findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Xiao
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P. R. China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P. R. China
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24
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Xu M, Zhang WL, Zhu Q, Yao YY, Feng QS, Zhang Z, Peng RJ, Jia WH, He GP, Feng L, Zeng ZL, Luo B, Xu RH, Zeng MS, Zhao WL, Chen SJ, Zeng YX, Jiao Y, Zeng YX, Jiao Y. Genome-wide profiling of Epstein-Barr virus integration by targeted sequencing in Epstein-Barr virus associated malignancies. Theranostics 2019; 9:1115-1124. [PMID: 30867819 PMCID: PMC6401403 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with multiple malignancies with expression of viral oncogenic proteins and chronic inflammation as major mechanisms contributing to tumor development. A less well-studied mechanism is the integration of EBV into the human genome possibly at sites which may disrupt gene expression or genome stability. Methods: We sequenced tumor DNA to profile the EBV sequences by hybridization-based enrichment. Bioinformatic analysis was used to detect the breakpoints of EBV integrations in the genome of cancer cells. Results: We identified 197 breakpoints in nasopharyngeal carcinomas and other EBV-associated malignancies. EBV integrations were enriched at vulnerable regions of the human genome and were close to tumor suppressor and inflammation-related genes. We found that EBV integrations into the introns could decrease the expression of the inflammation-related genes, TNFAIP3, PARK2, and CDK15, in NPC tumors. In the EBV genome, the breakpoints were frequently at oriP or terminal repeats. These breakpoints were surrounded by microhomology sequences, consistent with a mechanism for integration involving viral genome replication and microhomology-mediated recombination. Conclusion: Our finding provides insight into the potential of EBV integration as an additional mechanism mediating tumorigenesis in EBV associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
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25
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Peng L, Yang Y, Guo R, Mao Y, Xu C, Chen Y, Sun Y, Ma J, Tang L. Relationship between pretreatment concentration of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and tumor burden in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An updated interpretation. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5988-5998. [PMID: 30378277 PMCID: PMC6308091 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important tumor marker and prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma EBV DNA level and tumor burden. Materials and Methods Pretreatment tumor burden was measured by radiologically delineated volumes, including nasopharynx tumor volume (GTVnx) and malignant nodes volume (GTVnd); pretreatment level of plasma EBV DNA was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between natural logarithm of EBV DNA (ln‐DNA) and square root of tumor volume (sq‐GTV) was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficient. Correlations in subgroups of tumor and nodal stages were also analyzed. A linear regression model was constructed to evaluate the contribution of tumor volumes to plasma EBV DNA. The prognostic effects of EBV DNA independent of tumor burden were evaluated. Results Two thousand two hundred and forty nine nonmetastatic NPC patients with detectable plasma EBV DNA were included in correlation analyses. Ln‐DNA showed significant correlation with sq‐GTVnx (r = 0.171) and sq‐GTVnd (r = 0.339) separately. Together, sq‐GTVnx and sq‐GTVnd could only explain 12.9% of the ln‐DNA. Tumor and nodal stages of disease could clearly influence the strength of relationship in subgroup analysis. After excluding confounding volume information, EBV DNA still can predict death and distant metastasis, but not locoregional relapse. Conclusion This study suggests that plasma EBV DNA is not only an index of tumor burden, but may also reflect other tumor features, such as accessibility to circulation, angiogenesis, tumor cell kinetics, metabolic activity, and metastatic potential, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical OncologyGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Pei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Long Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouChina
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26
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Ma W, Feng L, Zhang S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Qi X, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Xiang T, Zeng YX. Induction of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 by Epstein-Barr virus infection enhances tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1710-1722. [PMID: 29569795 PMCID: PMC5980320 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is etiologically associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and is known to be highly vascularized. Previous studies have suggested that EBV oncoproteins contribute to NPC angiogenesis. However, the regulatory network of EBV in angiogenesis still remains elusive. Herein, we reveal a novel mechanism of EBV‐induced angiogenesis in NPC. First, we showed that EBV‐infected NPC cell lines generated larger tumors with more microvessels in mouse xenograft models. Subsequent proteomic analysis revealed that EBV infection increased the expression of a series of angiogenic factors, including chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). We then proved that CCL5 was a target of EBV in inducing tumor angiogenesis and growth. Further investigation through transcriptome analysis indicated that the pro‐angiogenic function of CCL5 might be mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that activation of the PI3K/AKT and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α pathways was essential for CCL5‐promoted angiogenesis. Finally, the immunohistochemical analysis of human NPC specimens also showed that CCL5 was correlated with angiogenesis. Taken together, our study identifies CCL5 as a key EBV‐regulated molecular driver that promotes NPC angiogenesis, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojiong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuekang Qi
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xiang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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