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Wang J, Lv F, Zhu Y, Lu X, Zhang B. Reversal of the tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer malignant phenotype by proliferation inhibition with bromosulfonamidine amino‑podophyllotoxin. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:373. [PMID: 38910903 PMCID: PMC11190816 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the lignans isolated from plants within the genus Podophyllum is podophyllotoxin (PPT). PPT and its derivatives are pharmacologically active compounds with potential antiproliferative properties in several kinds of tumors. Although these compounds have been used to treat other malignancies, no PPT derivative-based chemotherapeutic agent has been used to cure tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant breast cancer in clinical trials, to the best of our knowledge. Thus, using TAM-resistant breast cancer as a disease model, the present study assessed the effects of a recently synthesized PPT derivative, bromosulfonamidine amino-PPT (BSAPPT), on TAM-resistant breast cancer. Using the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell model (MCF-7/TAMR) in vitro, Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were adopted to evaluate the effect of BSAPPT on cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle assays were used to assess the influence of BSAPPT on cell apoptosis and the cell cycle in MCF-7/TAMR. The targets of the potential mechanism of action were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The present study demonstrated that BSAPPT suppressed MCF-7/TAMR cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. By modulating the level of expression of genes linked to both apoptosis and the cell cycle, BSAPPT triggered MCF-7/TAMR cells to undergo apoptosis and prevented them from entering the cell cycle. Consequently, BSAPPT blocked these cells from proliferating, thereby halting the malignant advancement of TAM-resistant breast cancer. Therefore, these findings indicate that new therapeutic agents involving BSAPPT may be developed to facilitate the treatment of TAM-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
- Medical Laboratory (Guangdong), Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
| | - Fen Lv
- Medical Laboratory (Guangdong), Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Medical Laboratory (Guangdong), Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Medical Laboratory (Guangdong), Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523320, P.R. China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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2
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Gu Q, Qi A, Wang N, Zhou Z, Zhou X. Macrophage dynamics in prostate cancer: Molecular to therapeutic insights. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117002. [PMID: 38960836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth examination of the role that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa), with a particular focus on the factors influencing the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages and the implications of targeting these cells for cancer progression. The development and prognosis of PCa are significantly influenced by the behavior of macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. M1 macrophages typically exhibit anti-tumor properties by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), thereby enhancing the immune response. Conversely, M2 macrophages contribute to tumor cell migration and invasion through the production of factors like arginase-1 (Arg1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). This review not only explores the diverse factors that affect macrophage polarization but also delves into the potential therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization, including the critical roles of non-coding RNA and exosomes in regulating this process. The polarization state of macrophages is highlighted as a key determinant in PCa progression, offering a novel perspective for clinical treatment. Future research should concentrate on gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and on developing effective targeted therapeutic strategies. The exploration of the potential of combination therapies to improve treatment efficacy is also emphasized. By emphasizing the importance of macrophages as a therapeutic target in PCa, this review aims to provide valuable insights and research directions for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Gu
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Anning Qi
- Medical Laboratory, Liuhe People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211500, China
| | - Ne Wang
- Jiangning Hospital Tiandi New City Branch, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
| | - Zhenxian Zhou
- Nanjing Second People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 211103, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Jiangning Outpatient Department of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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3
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Guerrini V, Prideaux B, Khan R, Subbian S, Wang Y, Sadimin E, Pawar S, Ukey R, Singer EA, Xue C, Gennaro ML. Cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and a kidney cancer fail to fit the atherosclerosis paradigm for foam cell lipid content. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.08.542766. [PMID: 37333211 PMCID: PMC10274805 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.542766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ), fungal ( Cryptococcus neoformans ), and human papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) models to address the need for a new explanation of foam cell biogenesis. We applied mass spectrometry-based imaging to assess the spatial distribution of storage lipids relative to foam-cell-rich areas in lesional tissues, and we characterized lipid-laden macrophages generated under corresponding in vitro conditions. The in vivo data and the in vitro findings showed that cryptococcus-infected macrophages accumulate triglycerides, while macrophages exposed to pRCC- conditioned-medium accumulated both triglycerides and cholesterol. Moreover, cryptococcus- and mycobacterium-infected macrophages accumulated triglycerides in different ways. Collectively, the data show that the molecular events underlying foam cell formation are specific to disease and microenvironment. Since foam cells are potential therapeutic targets, recognizing that their formation is disease-specific opens new biomedical research directions.
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4
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Miracle CE, McCallister CL, Egleton RD, Salisbury TB. Mechanisms by which obesity regulates inflammation and anti-tumor immunity in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150437. [PMID: 39074412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for 13 different cancers. The increased risk for cancer in obesity is mediated by obesity-associated changes in the immune system. Obesity has distinct effects on different types of inflammation that are tied to tumorigenesis. For example, obesity promotes chronic inflammation in adipose tissue that is tumor-promoting in peripheral tissues. Conversely, obesity inhibits acute inflammation that rejects tumors. Obesity therefore promotes cancer by differentially regulating chronic versus acute inflammation. Given that obesity is chronic, the initial inflammation in adipose tissue will lead to systemic inflammation that could induce compensatory anti-inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues to suppress chronic inflammation. The overall effect of obesity in peripheral tissues is therefore dependent on the duration and severity of obesity. Adipose tissue is a complex tissue that is composed of many cell types in addition to adipocytes. Further, adipose tissue cellularity is different at different anatomical sites throughout the body. Consequently, the sensitivity of adipose tissue to obesity is dependent on the anatomical location of the adipose depot. For example, obesity induces more inflammation in visceral than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Based on these studies, the mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumorigenesis are multifactorial and immune cell type-specific. The objective of our paper is to discuss the cellular mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumorigenesis by regulating distinct types of inflammation in adipose tissue and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora E Miracle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Chelsea L McCallister
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Richard D Egleton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Travis B Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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5
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Dehghanian F, Ghahnavieh LE, Nilchi AN, Khalilian S, Joonbakhsh R. Breast cancer drug resistance: Decoding the roles of Hippo pathway crosstalk. Gene 2024; 916:148424. [PMID: 38588933 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The most significant factors that lead to cancer-related death in breast cancer (BC) patients include drug resistance, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Several signaling pathways are involved in the development of BC. The different types of BC are initially sensitive to chemotherapy, and drug resistance can occur through multiple molecular mechanisms. Regardless of developing targeted Therapy, due to the heterogenic nature and complexity of drug resistance, it is a major clinical challenge with the low survival rate in BC patients. The deregulation of several signaling pathways, particularly the Hippo pathway (HP), is one of the most recent findings about the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in BC, which are summarized in this review. Given that HP is one of the recent cancer research hotspots, this review focuses on its implication in BC drug resistance. Unraveling the different molecular basis of HP through its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and determining the effectiveness of HP inhibitors can provide new insights into possible therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemoresistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Laleh Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Naghsh Nilchi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Sheyda Khalilian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Rezvan Joonbakhsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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6
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Salmaninejad A, Layeghi SM, Falakian Z, Golestani S, Kobravi S, Talebi S, Yousefi M. An update to experimental and clinical aspects of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer development: hopes and pitfalls. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 39003350 PMCID: PMC11246281 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, and their normal function in tumor microenvironment (TME) is to suppress tumor cells by producing cytokines which trigger both direct cell cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated immune response. However, upon prolonged exposure to TME, the classical function of these so-called M1-type TAMs can be converted to another type, "M2-type," which are recruited by tumor cells so that they promote tumor growth and metastasis. This is the reason why the accumulation of TAMs in TME is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Both M1- and M2-types have high degree of plasticity, and M2-type cells can be reprogrammed to M1-type for therapeutic purposes. This characteristic introduces TAMs as promising target for developing novel cancer treatments. In addition, inhibition of M2-type cells and blocking their recruitment in TME, as well as their depletion by inducing apoptosis, are other approaches for effective immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, we summarize the potential of TAMs to be targeted for cancer immunotherapy and provide an up-to-date about novel strategies for targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Mehrpour Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Falakian
- Department of Laboratory Science, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Shahin Golestani
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Kobravi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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7
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Wu J, Jiang L, Wang S, Peng L, Zhang R, Liu Z. TGF β1 promotes the polarization of M2-type macrophages and activates PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway by inhibiting ISG20 to sensitize ovarian cancer to cisplatin. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112235. [PMID: 38761779 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The involvement of Interferon-stimulated exonuclease gene 20 (ISG20) has been reported in renal clear cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cervical cancer. However, its role in ovarian cancer chemotherapy remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of TGF-β1 and ISG20 in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and tissues using qRT-PCR and a tissue immunofluorescence analysis. We also investigated the impact of ISG20-targeted drugs (IFN-γ) and TGF-β1 inhibitors on cisplatin response both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we assessed the effects of TGF-β1 or ISG20 on the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through flow cytometry and ELISA analysis. Our findings revealed that ISG20 expression was lower in cisplatin-resistant tissues compared to cisplatin-sensitive tissues; however, overexpression of ISG20 sensitized ovarian cancer to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, activation of ISG20 expression with IFN-γ or TGF-β1 inhibitors enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin therapy. Notably, our results demonstrated that TGF-β1 promoted M2-type macrophage polarization as well as PI3K/mTOR pathway activation by suppressing ISG20 expression both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our study highlights the critical role played by ISG20 within the network underlying cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Targeting ISG20 using IFN-γ or TGF-β1 inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Wan XC, Zhu WJ, Chen Y, Cui ZH, Zhang H, Zheng FH, Zhang YN, Fang GM. Thioproline-Based Oxidation Strategy for Direct Preparation of N-Terminal Thiazolidine-Containing Peptide Thioesters from Peptide Hydrazides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5021-5026. [PMID: 38842216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We describe a simple and robust oxidation strategy for preparing N-terminal thiazolidine-containing peptide thioesters from peptide hydrazides. We find for the first time that l-thioproline can be used as a protective agent to prevent the nitrosation of N-terminal thiazolidine during peptide hydrazide oxidation. The thioproline-based oxidation strategy has been successfully applied to the chemical synthesis of CC chemokine ligand-2 (69aa) and omniligase-C (113aa), thereby demonstrating its utility in hydrazide-based native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Wan
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Cui
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hao Zheng
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Min Fang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang K, Li JY, Li K. Silencing PCMT1 enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel through the PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14559. [PMID: 38853025 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether silencing Protein L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1) expression can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its possible mechanism. Tumor tissues and adjacent histologically normal tissues were collected from patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital. Human normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A, human breast cancer cells MCF-7, and paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells MCF-7/PR were purchased. MCF-7/PR cells were further grouped into negative control (NC) group, si-PCMT1 group (transfected with si-PCMT1), 740Y-P group (treated with 740Y-P, an activator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ v-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene (AKT) signaling pathway), and si-PCMT1 + 740Y-P group (transfected with si-PCMT1 and then treated with 740Y-P). The expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells as well as the protein level of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, and Stathmin1 (STMN1) in cells. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and colony formation assays were used to determine cell viability, scratch assay was used to assess the migration ability of cells, and Transwell assay was used to assess the invasion ability of cells. The expression of PCMT1 was remarkably up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and MCF-7/PR cells. Silencing PCMT1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7/PR cells, and alleviated the resistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel. Additionally, silencing PCMT1 expression also inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway in MCF-7/PR cells, while activating PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway significantly reversed the effect of silencing PCMT1 expression on MCF-7/PR cells. PCMT1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and MCF-7/PR cells, and silencing PCMT1 expression can not only inhibit the development of breast cancer but also enhance paclitaxel sensitivity. Its mechanism of action may be achieved by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/STMN1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-You Li
- Department of Thyroid Breast Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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10
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Varady SR, Greiner D, Roh-Johnson M. Macrophage subtypes inhibit breast cancer proliferation in culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596963. [PMID: 38853881 PMCID: PMC11160732 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are a highly plastic cell type that adopt distinct subtypes and functional states depending on environmental cues. These functional states can vary wildly, with distinct macrophages capable of displaying opposing functions. We sought to understand how macrophage subtypes that exist on two ends of a spectrum influence the function of other cells. We used a co-culture system with primary human macrophages to probe the effects of macrophage subtypes on breast cancer cell proliferation. Our studies revealed a surprising phenotype in which both macrophage subtypes inhibited cancer cell proliferation compared to cancer cells alone. Of particular interest, using two different proliferation assays with two different breast cancer cell lines, we showed that differentiating macrophages into a "pro-tumor" subtype inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation. These findings are inconsistent with the prevailing interpretation that "pro-tumor" macrophages promote cancer cell proliferation and suggest a re-evaluation of how these interpretations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R.S. Varady
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Greiner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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11
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Kuznetsova AB, Kolesova EP, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA, Egorova VS. Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Using Nanocarriers: New Perspectives to Halt Cancer Progression. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:636. [PMID: 38794298 PMCID: PMC11124960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant challenge for public healthcare systems worldwide. Within the realm of cancer treatment, considerable attention is focused on understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME)-the complex network of non-cancerous elements surrounding the tumor. Among the cells in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role, traditionally categorized as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Within the TME, M2-like TAMs can create a protective environment conducive to tumor growth and progression. These TAMs secrete a range of factors and molecules that facilitate tumor angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, chemoresistance, and metastasis. In response to this challenge, efforts are underway to develop adjuvant therapy options aimed at reprogramming TAMs from the M2 to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Such reprogramming holds promise for suppressing tumor growth, alleviating chemoresistance, and impeding metastasis. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanoformulations that may soon offer healthcare providers the tools to achieve targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release within the TME for TAM reprogramming and reduce drug-related adverse events. In this review, we have synthesized the latest data on TAM polarization in response to TME factors, highlighted the pathological effects of TAMs, and provided insights into existing nanotechnologies aimed at TAM reprogramming and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona B. Kuznetsova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
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12
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Li H, Zhang W, Liu Y, Cai Z, Lan A, Shu D, Shen M, Li K, Pu D, Tan W, Liu S, Peng Y. UTRN as a potential biomarker in breast cancer: a comprehensive bioinformatics and in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7702. [PMID: 38565593 PMCID: PMC10987506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Utrophin (UTRN), known as a tumor suppressor, potentially regulates tumor development and the immune microenvironment. However, its impact on breast cancer's development and treatment remains unstudied. We conducted a thorough examination of UTRN using both bioinformatic and in vitro experiments in this study. We discovered UTRN expression decreased in breast cancer compared to standard samples. High UTRN expression correlated with better prognosis. Drug sensitivity tests and RT-qPCR assays revealed UTRN's pivotal role in tamoxifen resistance. Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis rank test indicated UTRN's potential as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer and its utility in detecting T stage of breast cancer. Additionally, our results demonstrated UTRN's close association with immune cells, inhibitors, stimulators, receptors, and chemokines in breast cancer (BRCA). This research provides a novel perspective on UTRN's role in breast cancer's prognostic and therapeutic value. Low UTRN expression may contribute to tamoxifen resistance and a poor prognosis. Specifically, UTRN can improve clinical decision-making and raise the diagnosis accuracy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehao Cai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailin Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Shu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyao Pu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Zhi F, Ma JW, Ji DD, Bao J, Li QQ. Causal associations between circulating cytokines and risk of sepsis and related outcomes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336586. [PMID: 38504987 PMCID: PMC10948396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis represents a critical medical condition that arises due to an imbalanced host reaction to infection. Central to its pathophysiology are cytokines. However, observational investigations that explore the interrelationships between circulating cytokines and susceptibility to sepsis frequently encounter challenges pertaining to confounding variables and reverse causality. Methods To elucidate the potential causal impact of cytokines on the risk of sepsis, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Genetic instruments tied to circulating cytokine concentrations were sourced from genome-wide association studies encompassing 8,293 Finnish participants. We then evaluated their links with sepsis and related outcomes using summary-level data acquired from the UK Biobank, a vast multicenter cohort study involving over 500,000 European participants. Specifically, our data spanned 11,643 sepsis cases and 474,841 controls, with subsets including specific age groups, 28-day mortality, and ICU-related outcomes. Results and Discussion MR insights intimated that reduced genetically-predicted interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels causally correlated with a heightened sepsis risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.90, P=0.006). An inverse relationship emerged between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and sepsis-induced mortality. Conversely, elevated macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP1B) concentrations were positively linked with both sepsis incidence and associated mortality. These revelations underscore the causal impact of certain circulating cytokines on sepsis susceptibility and its prognosis, hinting at the therapeutic potential of modulating these cytokine levels. Additional research is essential to corroborate these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Wei Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aheqi County People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
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14
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Ding Y, Cao Q, Yang W, Xu J, Xiao P. Macrophage: Hidden Criminal in Therapy Resistance. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:188-202. [PMID: 38442696 PMCID: PMC10990480 DOI: 10.1159/000538212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substantial efforts have been made by researchers to develop drugs, a disappointing reality is that the emergence of drug resistance is an unavoidable reality for the majority of patients. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a connection between drug resistance and immune dysregulation. SUMMARY As a ubiquitously distributed, versatile innate immune cell, macrophages play essential roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis in a steady state. Nevertheless, it is becoming aware that macrophages undermine the action of therapeutic drugs across various disease types. Reprogramming macrophage function has been proven to be effective in restoring patient responsiveness to treatment. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed how macrophages respond to drugs and the mechanisms by which they contribute to treatment unresponsiveness in cancer, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic diseases. In addition, future prospects in macrophage-based combination therapy were discussed. KEY MESSAGES Targeting macrophages is a promising strategy for overcoming drug resistance in immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Wang S, Wang J, Chen Z, Luo J, Guo W, Sun L, Lin L. Targeting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages is a potential therapeutic approach to overcome antitumor drug resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:31. [PMID: 38341519 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute essential components of the TME. M2-like TAMs are essential in facilitating tumor metastasis as well as augmenting the drug resistance of tumors. This review encapsulates the mechanisms that M2-like TAMs use to promote tumor drug resistance. We also describe the emerging therapeutic strategies that are currently targeting M2-like TAMs in combination with other antitumor drugs, with some still undergoing clinical trial evaluation. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze various existing approaches for developing novel drugs that target M2-like TAMs to overcome tumor resistance, highlighting how targeting M2-like TAMs can effectively stop tumor growth, metastasis, and overcome tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Zhang X, Yang F, Huang Z, Liu X, Xia G, Huang J, Yang Y, Li J, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhou T, Qi W, Gao G, Yang X. Macrophages Promote Subtype Conversion and Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:678. [PMID: 38339428 PMCID: PMC10854660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of tumors from less aggressive subtypes to more aggressive states during metastasis poses challenges for treatment strategies. Previous studies have revealed the molecular subtype conversion between primary and metastatic tumors in breast cancer (BC). However, the subtype conversion during lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We compared clinical subtypes in paired primary tumors and positive lymph nodes (PLNs) in BC patients and further validated them in the mouse model. Bioinformatics analysis and macrophage-conditioned medium treatment were performed to investigate the role of macrophages in subtype conversion. RESULTS During LNM, hormone receptors (HRs) were down-regulated, while HER2 was up-regulated, leading to the transformation of luminal A tumors towards luminal B tumors and from luminal B subtype towards HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype. The mouse model demonstrated the elevated levels of HER2 in PLN while retaining luminal characteristics. Among the various cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophages were the most clinically relevant in terms of prognosis. The treatment of a macrophage-conditioned medium further confirmed the downregulation of HR expression and upregulation of HER2 expression, inducing tamoxifen resistance. Through bioinformatics analysis, MNX1 was identified as a potential transcription factor governing the expression of HR and HER2. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the HER2-E subtype conversion during LNM in BC. Macrophages were the crucial cell type in TME, inducing the downregulation of HR and upregulation of HER2, probably via MNX1. Targeting macrophages or MNX1 may provide new avenues for endocrine therapy and targeted treatment of BC patients with LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Fengyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Gan Xia
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Jieye Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Junchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Zhao X, Zheng C, Wang Y, Hao J, Liu Y. GSH/pH dual responsive chitosan nanoparticles for reprogramming M2 macrophages and overcoming cancer chemoresistance. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:790-797. [PMID: 38179727 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The combination of two or more drugs with different mechanisms of action is a promising strategy for circumventing multidrug resistance (MDR). However, the antitumor effect of nanosystems is usually limited due to the simultaneous release of different payloads at a single location rather than at their respective sites of action. Herein, we report a GSH and pH dual responsive nanoplatform encapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX) and resiquimod (R848) (GPNP) for combinatorial chemotherapy against cancer cells with drug resistance. GPNP possesses a core-shell structure wherein the polymer shell detaches in the acidic and sialic acid (SA)-rich environment. This leads to the release of R848 into the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages and exposing the core CS(DOX)-PBA to kill MCF-7/ADR cells. Additionally, the nitric oxide (NO) generated by M1 macrophages can suppress the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression to reduce the efflux of chemotherapy drugs, thus playing a combined role in overcoming MDR. In vitro studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of GPNP in reprogramming M2 macrophages and inducing apoptosis in MCF-7/ADR cells, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy. This work proposed an effective combination strategy to combat chemoresistance, providing new insights into the development of innovative combinatorial therapies against MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chunxiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jialei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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18
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Bui I, Bonavida B. Polarization of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Cancer Immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:75-95. [PMID: 38989739 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024053830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
We have witnessed in the last decade new milestones in the treatment of various resistant cancers with new immunotherapeutic modalities. These advances have resulted in significant objective durable clinical responses in a subset of cancer patients. These findings strongly suggested that immunotherapy should be considered for the treatment of all subsets of cancer patients. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy must be explored and develop new means to target these resistant factors. One of the pivotal resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are highly immunosuppressive and responsible, in large part, of cancer immune evasion. Thus, various approaches have been investigated to target the TAMs to restore the anti-tumor immune response. One approach is to polarize the M2 TAMS to the M1 phenotype that participates in the activation of the anti-tumor response. In this review, we discuss the various and differential properties of the M1 and M2 phenotypes, the molecular signaling pathways that participate in the polarization, and various approaches used to target the polarization of the M2 TAMs into the M1 anti-tumor phenotype. These approaches include inhibitors of histone deacetylases, PI3K inhibitors, STAT3 inhibitors, TLR agonists, and metabolic reprogramming. Clearly, due to the distinct features of various cancers and their heterogeneities, a single approach outlined above might only be effective against some cancers and not others. In addition, targeting by itself may not be efficacious unless used in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy Bui
- University of California Los Angeles
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747, USA
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Xu Z, Wang X, Sun W, Xu F, Kou H, Hu W, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Tang J, Xu Y. RelB-activated GPX4 inhibits ferroptosis and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102952. [PMID: 37944384 PMCID: PMC10641764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of advanced breast cancer (BCa). In addition to the competitive inhibition of the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway, damping of mitochondrial function by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for enhancing TAM pharmacodynamics. Here, we showed that RelB contributes to TAM resistance by inhibiting TAM-provoked ferroptosis. TAM-induced ROS level promoted ferroptosis in TAM-sensitive cells, but the effect was alleviated in TAM-resistant cells with high constitutive levels of RelB. Mechanistically, RelB inhibited ferroptosis by transcriptional upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Consequently, elevating RelB and GPX4 in sensitive cells increased TAM resistance, and conversely, depriving RelB and GPX4 in resistant cells decreased TAM resistance. Furthermore, suppression of RelB transcriptional activation resensitized TAM-resistant cells by enhancing ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. The inactivation of GPX4 in TAM-resistant cells consistently resensitized TAM by increasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Together, this study uncovered that inhibition of ferroptosis contributes to TAM resistance of BCa via RelB-upregulated GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Phase 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hengyuan Kou
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weizi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Nguyen HT, Gurvich N, Gillrie MR, Offeddu G, Humayun M, Kan EL, Wan Z, Coughlin MF, Zhang C, Vu V, Lee SWL, Tan SL, Barbie D, Hsu J, Kamm RD. Patient-Specific Vascularized Tumor Model: Blocking TAM Recruitment with Multispecific Antibodies Targeting CCR2 and CSF-1R. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.568627. [PMID: 38076998 PMCID: PMC10705378 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.568627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated inflammation drives cancer progression and therapy resistance, with the infiltration of monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) associated with poor prognosis in diverse cancers. Targeting TAMs holds potential against solid tumors, but effective immunotherapies require testing on immunocompetent human models prior to clinical trials. Here, we develop an in vitro model of microvascular networks that incorporates tumor spheroids or patient tissues. By perfusing the vasculature with human monocytes, we investigate monocyte trafficking into the tumor and evaluate immunotherapies targeting the human tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that macrophages in vascularized breast and lung tumor models can enhance monocyte recruitment via TAM-produced CCL7 and CCL2, mediated by CSF-1R. Additionally, we assess a novel multispecific antibody targeting CCR2, CSF-1R, and neutralizing TGF-β, referred to as CSF1R/CCR2/TGF-β Ab, on monocytes and macrophages using our 3D models. This antibody repolarizes TAMs towards an anti-tumoral M1-like phenotype, reduces monocyte chemoattractant protein secretion, and effectively blocks monocyte migration. Finally, we show that the CSF1R/CCR2/TGF-β Ab inhibits monocyte recruitment in patient-specific vascularized tumor models. Overall, this vascularized tumor model offers valuable insights into monocyte recruitment and enables functional testing of innovative therapeutic antibodies targeting TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Nadia Gurvich
- Marengo Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Mark Robert Gillrie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Giovanni Offeddu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Ellen L. Kan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Mark Frederick Coughlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Christie Zhang
- Marengo Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Vivian Vu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Seng-Lai Tan
- Marengo Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - David Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hsu
- Marengo Therapeutics, 840 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
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21
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Pu Q, Gao H. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5493. [PMID: 38001753 PMCID: PMC10670777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a highly heterogeneous systemic disease. It is ranked first globally in the incidence of new cancer cases and has emerged as the primary cause of cancer-related death among females. Among the distinct subtypes of BRCA, triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) has been associated with increased metastasis and invasiveness, exhibiting greater resistance to endocrine therapy involving trastuzumab. It is now understood that invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance associated with BRCA progression are not exclusively due to breast tumor cells but are from the intricate interplay between BRCA and its tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, understanding the pathogenesis and evolution of the TPBC microenvironment demands a comprehensive approach. Moreover, addressing BRCA treatment necessitates a holistic consideration of the TME, bearing significant implications for identifying novel targets for anticancer interventions. This review expounds on the relationship between critical cellular components and factors in the TPBC microenvironment and the inception, advancement, and therapeutic resistance of breast cancer to provide perspectives on the latest research on TPBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
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22
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Wan S, Xie J, Liang Y, Yu X. Pathological roles of bone marrow adipocyte-derived monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:412. [PMID: 37957155 PMCID: PMC10643445 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a prevalent public health concern, with beta-cell dysfunction involved in its pathogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases in both the quantity and area in individuals with T2DM along with heightened monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion. This study aims to investigate the influence and underlying mechanisms of MCP-1 originating from bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) on systemic glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Initially, a substantial decrease in the proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of islet cells was observed. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the control (Ctrl) group and db/db mice revealed significant alterations in the gene expression profiles of whole bone marrow cells, with a noteworthy upregulation of Mcp-1. And the primary enriched pathways included chemokine signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. In addition, the level of MCP-1 was distinctly elevated in BMA-derived conditional media (CM), leading to a substantial inhibition of proliferation, GSIS and the protein level of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in Min6 cells. After blocking MCP-1 pathway, we observed a restoration of p-Akt and the proliferation of islet cells, resulting in a marked improvement in disordered glucose homeostasis. In summary, there is an accumulation of BMAs in T2DM, which secrete excessive MCP-1, exacerbating the abnormal accumulation of BMAs in the bone marrow cavity through paracrine signaling. The upregulated MCP-1, in turn, worsens glucose metabolism disorder by inhibiting the proliferation and insulin secretion of islet cells through an endocrine pathway. Inhibiting MCP-1 signaling can partially restore the proliferation and insulin secretion of islet cells, ultimately ameliorating glucose metabolism disorder. It's worth noting that to delve deeper into the impact of MCP-1 derived from BMAs on islet cells and its potential mechanisms, it is imperative to develop genetically engineered mice with conditional Mcp-1 knockout from BMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wan
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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23
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Li H, Liu J, Qin X, Sun J, Liu Y, Jin F. Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Glioma Progression and Treatment Based on the Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3929-3942. [PMID: 37747595 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a deadly primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most aggressive type. The clinical prognosis of GBM patients remains bleak despite the availability of multiple options for therapy, which has needed us to explore new therapeutic methods to face the rapid progression, short survival, and therapy resistance of glioblastomas. As the Human Genome Project advances, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians in cancer research. Numerous studies have found aberrant expression of signaling pathways in glioma cells. For example, lncRNAs not only play an integral role in the drug resistance process by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin or PI3K/Akt signaling but are also involved in a variety of malignant biological behaviors such as glioma proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor apoptosis. Therefore, the present review systematically assesses the existing research evidence on the malignant progression and drug resistance of glioma, focusing on the critical role and potential function of lncRNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt classical pathways to promote and encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jilan Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Jikui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272013, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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24
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Gao L, Ye Z, Peng S, Lei P, Song P, Li Z, Zhou L, Hua Q, Cheng L, Wei H, Liu J, Cai Q. BCL2A1 is associated with tumor-associated macrophages and unfavorable prognosis in human gliomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11611-11638. [PMID: 37889551 PMCID: PMC10637801 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) is a member of the BCL-2 family. Previous studies have shown that BCL2A1 is closely related to the tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy of multiple solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the expression pattern and potential biological function of BCL2A1 in glioma remain unknown. For the first time, we found that the expression of BCL2A1 was higher in human glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues (NBTs) in both public datasets and an in-house cohort. High BCL2A1 expression was associated with advanced WHO grade, IDH 1/2 wild type and the mesenchymal (ME) subtype, and its overexpression in glioma predicted resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and unfavorable prognosis. In addition, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that BCL2A1 was significantly correlated with the immune response and immune-related pathways, and BCL2A1 expression was positively correlated with microenvironmental parameters (immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores) and macrophage infiltration. Interestingly, bioinformatic prediction and immunohistochemical/immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed that BCL2A1 expression was obviously associated with the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) markers CD68 and CCL2. Notably, knockdown of BCL2A1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation of U87 and U251 in vitro, induced smaller tumor size and prolonged survival time of mice in vivo. Co-culture experiments of macrophages and GBM cells showed that BCL2A1 knockdown inhibited macrophage migration. Meanwhile, knockdown of BCL2A1 was associated with low expression of CD68 and CCL2 in intracranial xenograft model. This may suggest that BCL2A1 promotes the progression of glioma and influences the prognosis of patients by participating in TAMs infiltration. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BCL2A1 could serve as a promising prognostic indicator and immunotherapy target in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Peng
- School of Nursing, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pan Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuwei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hangyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Yuan J, Yang L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Q, Huang J, Wang B, Mohan CD, Sethi G, Wang G. The role of the tumor microenvironment in endocrine therapy resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261283. [PMID: 37900137 PMCID: PMC10611521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the prominent strategy for the treatment of hormone-positive breast cancers. The emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy is a major health concern among hormone-positive breast cancer patients. Resistance to endocrine therapy demands the design of newer therapeutic strategies. The understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of endocrine resistance, components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and interaction of resistant breast cancer cells with the cellular/acellular components of the intratumoral environment are essential to formulate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers. In the first half of the article, we have discussed the general mechanisms (including mutations in estrogen receptor gene, reregulated activation of signaling pathways, epigenetic changes, and cell cycle alteration) responsible for endocrine therapy resistance in hormone-positive breast cancers. In the latter half, we have emphasized the precise role of cellular (cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and cancer stem cells) and acellular components (collagen, fibronectin, and laminin) of TME in the development of endocrine resistance in hormone-positive breast cancers. In sum, the article provides an overview of the relationship between endocrine resistance and TME in hormone-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore Karnataka, India
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Vascular Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
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26
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Gonçalves TL, de Araújo LP, Pereira Ferrer V. Tamoxifen as a modulator of CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 chemokine axis: A breast cancer and glioblastoma view. Cytokine 2023; 170:156344. [PMID: 37639844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor 1 (SDF)-1/CXCL12 acts by binding to its receptors, the CXC-4 chemokine receptor (CXCR4) and the CXC-7 chemokine receptor (CXCR7). The binding of CXCL12 to its receptors results in downstream signaling that leads to cell survival, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. CXCL12 and CXCR4 are highly expressed in breast cancer (BC) and glioblastoma (GBM) compared to normal cells. High expression of this chemokine axis correlates with increased therapy resistance and grade, tumor spread and poorer prognosis in these tumors. Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that inhibits the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including growth and angiogenic factors secreted by tumor cells. Additionally, TMX targets several proteins, such as protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC), P-glycoprotein (PgP), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and ion channels. This drug showed promising antitumor activity against both BC and GBM cells. In this review, we discuss the role of the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 chemokine axis in BC and GBM tumor biology and propose TMX as a potential modulator of this axis in these tumors. TMX modulates the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis in BC, however, there are no studies on this in GBM. We propose that studying this axis in GBM cells/patients treated with TMX might be beneficial for these patients. TMX inhibits important signaling pathways in these tumors and the activation of this chemokine axis is associated with increased therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynan Lopes Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luanna Prudencio de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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27
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Lim J, Rhee S, Choi H, Lee J, Kuttappan S, Yves Nguyen TT, Choi S, Kim Y, Jeon NL. Engineering choroid plexus-on-a-chip with oscillatory flow for modeling brain metastasis. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100773. [PMID: 37664794 PMCID: PMC10474164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly organized secretory tissue with a complex vascular system and epithelial layers in the ventricles of the brain. The ChP is the body's principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it also functions as a barrier to separate the blood from CSF, because the movement of CSF through the body is pulsatile in nature. Thus far, it has been challenging to recreate the specialized features and dynamics of the ChP in a physiologically relevant microenvironment. In this study, we recapitulated the ChP structure by developing a microfluidic chip in accordance with established design rules. Furthermore, we used image processing and analysis to mimic CSF flow dynamics within a rlcking system; we also used a hydrogel containing laminin to mimic brain extracellular matrix (ECM). Human ChP cells were cultured in the ChP-on-a-chip with in vivo-like CSF dynamic flow and an engineered ECM. The key ChP characteristics of capillaries, the epithelial layer, and secreted components were recreated in the adjusted microenvironment of our human ChP-on-a-chip. The drug screening capabilities of the device were observed through physiologically relevant drug responses from breast cancer cells that had spread in the ChP. ChP immune responses were also recapitulated in this device, as demonstrated by the motility and cytotoxic effects of macrophages, which are the most prevalent immune cells in the ChP. Our human ChP-on-a-chip will facilitate the elucidation of ChP pathophysiology and support the development of therapeutics to treat cancers that have metastasized into the ChP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Stephen Rhee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jungseub Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Shruthy Kuttappan
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Tri Tho Yves Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sunbeen Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - YongTae Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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28
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Zeng W, Li F, Jin S, Ho PC, Liu PS, Xie X. Functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages dictated by metabolic reprogramming. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:245. [PMID: 37740232 PMCID: PMC10517486 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic in different tissues and can differentiate into functional subpopulations under different stimuli. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most important innate immune cells implicated in the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent evidence pinpoints the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in dictating pro-tumorigenic functions of TAMs. Both tumor cells and macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet energy demands in the TME. Understanding the metabolic rewiring in TAMs can shed light on immune escape mechanisms and provide insights into repolarizing TAMs towards anti-tumorigenic function. Here, we discuss how metabolism impinges on the functional divergence of macrophages and its relevance to macrophage polarization in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shikai Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pu-Ste Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Kapanadze T, Gamrekelashvili J, Sablotny S, Kijas D, Haller H, Schmidt-Ott K, Limbourg FP. CSF-1 and Notch signaling cooperate in macrophage instruction and tissue repair during peripheral limb ischemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240327. [PMID: 37691936 PMCID: PMC10484478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes an inflammatory response featuring monocyte-derived macrophages (MF) involved in angiogenesis and tissue repair. Angiogenesis and ischemic macrophage differentiation are regulated by Notch signaling via Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1). Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is an essential MF lineage factor, but its role in ischemic macrophage development and the interaction with Notch signaling is so far unclear. Using a mouse model of hind limb ischemia with CSF-1 inhibitor studies and Dll1 heterozygous mice we show that CSF-1 is induced in the ischemic niche by a subpopulation of stromal cells expressing podoplanin, which was paralleled by the development of ischemic macrophages. Inhibition of CSF-1 signaling with small molecules or blocking antibodies impaired macrophage differentiation but prolonged the inflammatory response, resulting in impaired perfusion recovery and tissue regeneration. Yet, despite high levels of CSF-1, macrophage maturation and perfusion recovery were impaired in mice with Dll1 haploinsufficiency, while inflammation was exaggerated. In vitro, CSF-1 was not sufficient to induce full MF differentiation from donor monocytes in the absence of recombinant DLL1, while the presence of DLL1 in a dose-dependent manner stimulated MF differentiation in combination with CSF-1. Thus, CSF-1 is an ischemic niche factor that cooperates with Notch signaling in a non-redundant fashion to instruct macrophage cell fate and maturation, which is required for ischemic perfusion recovery and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Sablotny
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dustin Kijas
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P. Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zhou N, Kong D, Lin Q, Yang X, Zhou D, Lou L, Huang F. Unfolded protein response signature unveils novel insights into breast cancer prognosis and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Genet 2023; 276-277:17-29. [PMID: 37343507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in tumorigenesis is widely acknowledged, yet the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its contribution to breast cancer (BC) have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the expression characteristics and prognostic significance of UPR-related genes in breast cancer METHODS: The transcriptome and clinical data of breast cancer were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, respectively. Differential expression analysis was conducted on UPR-related genes, and the resulting genes were employed for consensus clustering analysis. A breast cancer prognosis risk model was constructed using univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Difference in survival outcomes between groups were analyzed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess predictive performance. The relationship between the risk model and clinical-pathological characteristics, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity was assessed. RESULTS Differential expression analysis identified 10 UPR-related genes that were differentially expressed in breast cancer. Using the expression matrix of these genes, two molecular subtypes of breast cancer were characterized, which displayed significant differences in prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics. Drawing from the gene expression profiles that distinguish between the molecular subtypes, a prognostic risk scoring model comprising eight genes was developed. This model stratified BC patients from both the training and validation cohorts into high-risk and low-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group had better prognoses, while those with advanced clinical stage and T stage exhibited higher risk scores. The high- and low-risk groups exhibited notable disparities in immune cell infiltration and the expression of multiple immune checkpoint-related genes. Additionally, the low-risk group demonstrated elevated immunophenoscore, Merck18, CD274, and CAF scores compared to the high-risk group, along with a lesser sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. These results suggest that patients within the low-risk group may potentially benefit more from immunotherapy and chemotherapy interventions. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a novel UPR-derived risk signature, which could robustly predict the survival outcome, immune microenvironment, and chemotherapy response of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyang Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejia Kong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Lou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feixiang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China.
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Shen CK, Huang BR, Charoensaensuk V, Yang LY, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lu DY, Yeh WL, Lin C. Bradykinin B1 Receptor Affects Tumor-Associated Macrophage Activity and Glioblastoma Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37627528 PMCID: PMC10451655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin is a small active peptide and is considered an inflammatory mediator in several pathological conditions. Bradykinin exerts its effects by coupling to its receptors, including bradykinin B1 (B1R) and bradykinin B2. B1R has been implicated in the development of various cancers. Our previous study reported that B1R promoted glioblastoma (GBM) development by supporting the migration and invasion of GBM cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of B1R on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and GBM progression remain unknown. Accordingly, to explore the regulatory effects of B1R overexpression (OE) in GBM on tumor-associated immune cells and tumor progression, we constructed a B1R wild-type plasmid and developed a B1R OE model. The results reveal that B1R OE in GBM promoted the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-cell adhesion molecules-in GBM. Moreover, B1R OE enhanced GBM cell migration ability and monocyte attachment. B1R also regulated the production of the protumorigenic cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL11, and CCL5 in GBM, which contributed to tumor progression. We additionally noted that B1R OE in GBM increased the expression of CD68 in TAMs. Furthermore, B1R OE reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in GBM cells by upregulating heme oxygenase-1, an endogenous antioxidant protein, thereby protecting GBM cells from oxidative stress. Notably, B1R OE upregulated the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 in both GBM cells and macrophages, thus providing resistance against T-cell response. B1R OE in GBM also promoted tumor growth and reduced survival rates in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that B1R expression in GBM promotes TAM activity and modulates GBM progression. Therefore, B1R could be an effective target for therapeutic methods in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (D.-Y.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Zhu WH, Chen J, Huang RK, Zhang Y, Huang ZX, Pang XQ, Hu B, Yang Y, Li X. Erythroid-transdifferentiated myeloid cells promote portal vein tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2023; 13:4316-4332. [PMID: 37649603 PMCID: PMC10465220 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily characterized by a high incidence of vascular invasion. However, the specific mechanism underlying portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in HCC remains unclear. As a consequence of myeloid cell developmental arrest, CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells play important roles in HCC; however, their roles in PVTT remain unclear. Methods: The role of CD71+ EPCs in the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated via morphological, RNA-sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometric analyses. Co-culture techniques were employed to assess the CD45+ EPCs and their vascular compromising effect. Additionally, the PVTT-promoting function of CD45+ EPCs was explored in vivo in a murine model. Results: The CD45+EPCs in HCC tissues exhibited increased myeloid cell features, including morphology, surface markers, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β generation, and gene expression, compared with those in circulation. Hence, a large proportion of CD45+EPCs, particularly those in TMEs, comprise erythroid-transdifferentiated myeloid cells (EDMCs). Additionally, the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) mRNA was upregulated in CD45+EPCs within the TME. Tumor macrophages from HCC tissues induced substantial migration of CD45+EPCs in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, results from immunofluorescence analyses revealed that these two cell types are positively associated in the TME and circulation. That is, EDMCs are chemoattracted by HCC macrophages mainly via CCR2 from CD45+ EPCs in the circulation. Additionally, the expressions of FX, FVII, FGB, C4b, CFB, and CFH were elevated in CD45+EPCs within the TME compared with those in the spleen. The CD45+EPCs from the HCC TME promoted vessel endothelial cell migration and compromised tube formation through TGF-β and FGB, respectively. Additionally, CD45+EPCs from the TME induced HCC cell migration. HCC macrophage-induced CD45+EPCs to exhibit higher levels of FX, FVII, FGB, and TGF-β. Meanwhile, upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta expression induced FGB and TGF-β generation in CD45+EPCs in the TME. WTAP, a major RNA m6A writer, stabilized FX and FVII mRNA and enhanced their nuclear export in CD45+EPCs from the TME. CD45+EPCs from the TME were positively associated with PVTT and poor prognosis. Splenectomy reduced the level of CD45+EPCs in the circulation and TME, as well as the incidence of microvascular invasion. The incidence of microvascular invasion increased following the transfer of HCC tissue CD45+EPCs to splenectomized HCC-bearing mice. Conclusions: The CD45+EPCs enriched in the HCC microenvironment are EDMCs, which are induced by HCC macrophages to migrate from the circulation to the TME. Subsequently, EDMCs promote PVTT by compromising the blood vessel endothelium, aggravating coagulation, and promoting HCC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hang Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Run-Kai Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Huang
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Pang
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Khalili S, Zeinali F, Moghadam Fard A, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Shariat Zadeh M, Eslami Y, Fattah K, Asadimanesh N, Azarimatin A, Khalesi B, Almasi F, Payandeh Z. Macrophage-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37509382 PMCID: PMC10378576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are types of immune cells, with ambivalent functions in tumor growth, which depend on the specific environment in which they reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a diverse population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that play significant roles in several malignancies. TAM infiltration in malignancies has been linked to a poor prognosis and limited response to treatments, including those using checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor growth is an active area of research as targeting these cells may offer potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Numerous investigations have focused on anti-TAM-based methods that try to eliminate, rewire, or target the functional mediators released by these cells. Considering the importance of these strategies in the reversion of tumor resistance to conventional therapies and immune modulatory vaccination could be an appealing approach for the immunosuppressive targeting of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of reprogramming and TAM depletion is a special feature of this approach compared to other clinical strategies. Thus, the present review aims to comprehensively overview the pleiotropic activities of TAMs and their involvement in various stages of cancer development as a potent drug target, with a focus on hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 4188783417, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shariat Zadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Khashayar Fattah
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Asadimanesh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Armin Azarimatin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hong L, Wang X, Zheng L, Wang S, Zhu G. Tumor-associated macrophages promote cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by enhancing WTAP-mediated N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:71-81. [PMID: 37272931 PMCID: PMC10261262 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-promotive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis have been reported to be correlated with the limited efficacy of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC). However, the role of TAM-secreted CXCL16 and the mechanism by which it affects the cisplatin (DDP) resistance of OC cells remain elusive. METHODS We induced human THP-1 monocytes to differentiate into macrophages. Next, SKOV3 and TOV-112D cells were co-cultured with the macrophages, followed by incubation with increasing concentrations of DDP. The effects of CXCL16, CXCR6, and WTAP on the DDP resistance of OC cells were investigated using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining. CXCL16 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to examine related markers. RESULTS Our results showed that after being co-cultured with TAMs, the DDP resistance of OC cells was significantly enhanced and their CXCL16 levels were elevated. Acquired DDP resistance was characterized by an increased IC50 value for DDP, the formation of cell colonies, and decreased levels of cell apoptosis, which were accompanied by reduced levels of caspase-3 and Bax expression, and increased levels of Bcl-2, PARP1, BRCA1, and BRCA2 expression. Either CXCL16 knockdown in TAMs or CXCR6 knockdown in OC cells suppressed the DDP resistance of OC cells that had been co-cultured with TAMs. Knockdown of CXCL16 affected m6A RNA methylation in OC cells, as reflected by decreased YTHDF1/WTAP expression and increased ALKBH5 expression. WTAP overexpression and knockdown promoted and suppressed the DDP resistance of OC cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Tumor-associated macrophages promote the cisplatin resistance of OC cells by enhancing WTAP-mediated N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hong
- Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Lang Zheng
- Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shengtan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Genhai Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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Ying-Rui M, Bu-Fan B, Deng L, Rong S, Qian-Mei Z. Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199152. [PMID: 37448962 PMCID: PMC10338072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high occurrence rate globally and its treatment has demonstrated clinical efficacy with the use of systemic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Insufficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells within tumours are the primary factors responsible for the inadequate clinical effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) represents a pivotal protein in the innate immune response. Upon activation, STING triggers the activation and enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions, resulting in therapeutic benefits for malignant tumours. The STING signalling pathway in breast cancer is influenced by various factors such as deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, tumour immune microenvironment, and mitochondrial function. The use of STING agonists is gaining momentum in breast cancer research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-STING pathway, its agonists, and the latest findings related to their application in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ying-Rui
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai Bu-Fan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Deng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Rong
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qian-Mei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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Blakely B, Shin S, Jin K. Overview of the therapeutic strategies for ER positive breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115552. [PMID: 37068524 PMCID: PMC10394654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor is the driving transcription factor in about 75% of all breast cancers, which is the target of endocrine therapies, but drug resistance is a common clinical problem. ESR1 point mutations at the ligand binding domain are frequently identified in metastatic tumor and ctDNA (Circulating tumor DNA) derived from ER positive breast cancer patients with endocrine therapies. Although endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy have demonstrated preclinical and clinical benefits for breast cancer, the development of resistance remains a significant challenge and the detailed mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets in advanced breast cancer yet to be revealed. Since a crosstalk between tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role to grow tumor and metastasis, this effect could serve as key regulators in the resistance of endocrine therapy and the transition of breast cancer cells to metastasis. In this article, we have reviewed recent progress in endocrine therapy and the contribution of TME to ER positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Blakely
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Seobum Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY, United States.
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Tian M, Yang A, Lu Q, Zhang X, Liu G, Liu G. Study on the mechanism of Baihe Dihuang decoction in treating menopausal syndrome based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33189. [PMID: 37335709 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopausal syndrome (MS) refers to a series of symptoms with autonomic nervous system dysfunction caused by decreased sex hormones before and after menopause. Baihe Dihuang (BHDH) decoction positively affects MS, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism through network pharmacology. The components of the BHDH Decoction were found through HERB, while corresponding targets were obtained from the HERB, Drug Bank, NPASS, Targetnet, and Swisstarget databases. The MS targets were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM. STRING was used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks. OmicShare tools were used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses. Finally, Autodock Vina 1.1.2 software (https://vina.scripps.edu/downloads/) was used for molecular alignment to verify whether the main active ingredients and key targets had good binding activity. We screened out 27 active ingredients and 251 effective targets of BHDH Decoction, 3405 MS-related targets, and 133 intersection targets between BHDH Decoction and MS. Protein-protein interaction network identified tumor protein P53, Serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT, epidermal growth factor receptor, Estrogen Receptor 1, and jun proto-oncogene as critical targets. Gene ontology analysis showed that these targets were mainly involved in the cellular response to chemical stimulus, response to oxygen-containing compound, cellular response to endogenous stimulus, response to an organic substance, and response to chemical, etc. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, pathways in cancer, and the ErbB signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that emodin and stigmasterol are strongly associated with Serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT, Estrogen Receptor 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, sarcoma gene, and tumor protein P53. This study preliminarily revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel mechanism of BHDH Decoction in treating MS. It provides a reference for in vitro and in vivo research and clinical application of BHDH Decoction in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Anming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Lu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Yoshimura T, Li C, Wang Y, Matsukawa A. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0. [PMID: 37208442 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) was isolated from the culture supernatants of not only mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes but also malignant glioma cells based on its in vitro chemotactic activity toward human monocytes. MCP-1 was subsequently found to be identical to a previously described tumor cell-derived chemotactic factor thought to be responsible for the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and it became a candidate target of clinical intervention; however, the role of TAMs in cancer development was still controversial at the time of the discovery of MCP-1. The in vivo role of MCP-1 in cancer progression was first evaluated by examining human cancer tissues, including breast cancers. Positive correlations between the level of MCP-1 production in tumors and the degree of TAM infiltration and cancer progression were established. The contribution of MCP-1 to the growth of primary tumors and metastasis to the lung, bone, and brain was examined in mouse breast cancer models. The results of these studies strongly suggested that MCP-1 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis to the lung and brain but not bone. Potential mechanisms of MCP-1 production in the breast cancer microenvironment have also been reported. In the present manuscript, we review studies in which the role of MCP-1 in breast cancer development and progression and the mechanisms of its production were examined and attempt to draw a consensus and discuss the potential use of MCP-1 as a biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chunning Li
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuze Wang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Salemme V, Centonze G, Avalle L, Natalini D, Piccolantonio A, Arina P, Morellato A, Ala U, Taverna D, Turco E, Defilippi P. The role of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance: emerging technologies to unravel breast cancer heterogeneity. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170264. [PMID: 37265795 PMCID: PMC10229846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, at both inter- and intra-tumor levels, and this heterogeneity is a crucial determinant of malignant progression and response to treatments. In addition to genetic diversity and plasticity of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor heterogeneity shaping the physical and biological surroundings of the tumor. The activity of certain types of immune, endothelial or mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment can change the effectiveness of cancer therapies via a plethora of different mechanisms. Therefore, deciphering the interactions between the distinct cell types, their spatial organization and their specific contribution to tumor growth and drug sensitivity is still a major challenge. Dissecting intra-tumor heterogeneity is currently an urgent need to better define breast cancer biology and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting the microenvironment as helpful tools for combined and personalized treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment affects the characteristics of tumor heterogeneity that ultimately result in drug resistance, and we outline state of the art preclinical models and emerging technologies that will be instrumental in unraveling the impact of the tumor microenvironment on resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Piccolantonio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Arina
- UCL, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) “Guido Tarone”, Turin, Italy
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Gschwandtner M, Gammage AN, Deligne C, Mies LFM, Domaingo A, Murdamoothoo D, Loustau T, Schwenzer A, Derler R, Carapito R, Koch M, Mörgelin M, Orend G, Kungl AJ, Midwood KS. Investigating Chemokine-Matrix Networks in Breast Cancer: Tenascin-C Sets the Tone for CCL2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8365. [PMID: 37176074 PMCID: PMC10179296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional dialogue between cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) drives cancer survival. In the extracellular space, combinations of matrix molecules and soluble mediators provide external cues that dictate the behavior of TME resident cells. Often studied in isolation, integrated cues from complex tissue microenvironments likely function more cohesively. Here, we study the interplay between the matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) and chemokine CCL2, both elevated in and associated with the progression of breast cancer and playing key roles in myeloid immune responses. We uncover a correlation between TNC/CCL2 tissue levels in HER2+ breast cancer and examine the physical and functional interactions of these molecules in a murine disease model with tunable TNC levels and in in vitro cellular and cell-free models. TNC supported sustained CCL2 synthesis, with chemokine binding to TNC via two distinct domains. TNC dominated the behavior of tumor-resident myeloid cells; CCL2 did not impact macrophage survival/activation whilst TNC facilitated an immune suppressive macrophage phenotype that was not dependent on or altered by CCL2 co-expression. Together, these data map new binding partners within the TME and demonstrate that whilst the matrix exerts transcriptional control over the chemokine, each plays a distinct role in subverting anti-tumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anís N. Gammage
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Linda F. M. Mies
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Devardarssen Murdamoothoo
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX Platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral, Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Boughriba R, Sahraoui G, Chaar I, Weslati M, Ayed K, Ounissi D, Hazgui M, Bouraoui S, Gati A. Significant association of MCP1 rs1024611 and CCR2 rs1799864 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer and liver metastases susceptibility and aggressiveness: A case-control study. Cytokine 2023; 167:156193. [PMID: 37149962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MCP-1/CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment and has been involved in triggering various tumor progression mechanisms, such as increasing the immunosuppressive cells recruitment and promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness. AIM The current study investigated the association of MCP1 (rs1024611) and CCR2 (rs1799864) genes variants with the risk as well as prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study involved 408 patients (284 CRC and 124 CRLM), and 284 healthy control was conducted. Genotyping of selected polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP assays and confirmed by microchip and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS The results highlighted a positive association between MCP1 rs1024611 (non-AA) and CCR2 rs1799864 (GA) genotypes with increased CRC and CRLM risk. Correlation between SNPs and clinicopathological characteristics revealed a positive association between MCP1 rs1024611 and CCR2 rs1799864 (dominant model) and CRC poor prognosis features. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant association between MCP1 rs1024611 non-AA carriers and decreased survival rate. Neoadjuvant treatment showed an improvement in CRC and CRLM survival rates among carriers of MCP1 and CCR2 wild-type genotype. FOLFIRI chemotherapy exhibits reduced survival rates for patients who carried mutated genotypes of MCP1 and CCR2 polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Considering our results, we suggest That both MCP1 and CCR2 polymorphisms may constitute independent factors for CRC and CRLM occurrence and can be helpful targets for an efficient therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Boughriba
- Laboratory of Genetic, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology of Salah Azaiez Oncology Institute, Bab Saadoun 1029 Tunis, Tunisia; Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15 rue Djebel Lakhdhar, La Rabta, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Chaar
- Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Weslati
- Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Ayed
- Laboratory of Genetic, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Donia Ounissi
- Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Hazgui
- Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saadia Bouraoui
- Unit of Colorectal Cancer Research UR12SP14, Mongi Slim Hospital, Sidi Daoud, La Marsa, 2046 Tunis, Tunisia; Medical School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15 rue Djebel Lakhdhar, La Rabta, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Gati
- Laboratory of Genetic, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Tian Y, Chen Z, Wu P, Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu X, Wang X, Ding D, Cao X, Yu Y. MIR497HG-Derived miR-195 and miR-497 Mediate Tamoxifen Resistance via PI3K/AKT Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204819. [PMID: 36815359 PMCID: PMC10131819 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is commonly used for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but the acquired resistance to tamoxifen presents a critical challenge of breast cancer therapeutics. Recently, long noncoding RNA MIR497HG and its embedded miR-497 and miR-195 are proved to play significant roles in many types of human cancers, but their roles in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer remain unknown. The results indicate that MIR497HG deficiency induces breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance by inducing downregulation of miR-497/195. miR-497/195 coordinately represses five positive PI3K-AKT regulators (MAP2K1, AKT3, BCL2, RAF1, and CCND1), resulting in inhibition of PI3K-AKT signaling, and PI3K-AKT inhibition in tamoxifen-resistant cells restored tamoxifen responsiveness. Furthermore, ER α binds the MIR497HG promoter to activate its transcription in an estrogen-dependent manner. ZEB1 interacts with HDAC1/2 and DNMT3B at the MIR497HG promoter, resulting in promoter hypermethylation and histone deacetylation. The findings reveal that ZEB1-induced MIR497HG depletion contributes to breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance through PI3K-AKT signaling. MIR497HG can be used as a biomarker for predicting tamoxifen sensitivity in patients with ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Zhao‐Hui Chen
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Di Zhang
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Yue Ma
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of Educationand College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xu‐Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
| | - Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin300060China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTianjin300060China
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Zhu X, Fang Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Hong W, Wei W, Tu J. Interaction of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages and cancer stem cells in glioma. Life Sci 2023; 320:121558. [PMID: 36889666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor of the primary central nervous system, and its malignant phenotype has been shown to be closely related to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Although temozolomide has significantly improved the therapeutic outcome of glioma with a high penetration rate of the blood-brain barrier, resistance is often present in patients. Moreover, evidence has shown that the crosstalk between GSCs and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) affect the clinical occurrence, growth, and multi-tolerance of chemoradiotherapy in gliomas. Here, we highlight its vital roles in the maintenance of the stemness of GSCs and the ability of GSCs to recruit TAMs to the tumor microenvironment and promote their polarization into tumor-promoting macrophages, hence providing groundwork for future research into new treatment strategies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Lei W, Jia L, Wang Z, Liang Z, Aizhen Z, Liu Y, Tian Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Shi G, Yang Z, Yang Y, Xu X. CC chemokines family in fibrosis and aging: From mechanisms to therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101900. [PMID: 36871782 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a universal aging-related pathological process in the different organ, but is actually a self-repair excessive response. To date, it still remains a large unmet therapeutic need to restore injured tissue architecture without detrimental side effects, due to the limited clinical success in the treatment of fibrotic disease. Although specific organ fibrosis and the associated triggers have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share involved cascades and common traits, including inflammatory stimuli, endothelial cell injury, and macrophage recruitment. These pathological processes can be widely controlled by a kind of cytokines, namely chemokines. Chemokines act as a potent chemoattractant to regulate cell trafficking, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Based on the position and number of N-terminal cysteine residues, chemokines are divided into four groups: the CXC group, the CX3C group, the (X)C group, and the CC group. The CC chemokine classes (28 members) is the most numerous and diverse subfamily of the four chemokine groups. In this Review, we summarized the latest advances in the understanding of the importance of CC chemokine in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and aging and discussed potential clinical therapeutic strategies and perspectives aimed at resolving excessive scarring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhao Aizhen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yawu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guangyong Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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LncRNA LINC01094 Promotes Cells Proliferation and Metastasis through the PTEN/AKT Pathway by Targeting AZGP1 in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041261. [PMID: 36831602 PMCID: PMC9954187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were recently reported to play an essential role in multiple cancer types. Herein, through next-generation sequencing, we screened metastasis-driving molecules by using tissues from early-stage gastric cancer (GC) patients with lymph node metastasis, and we identified a lncRNA LINC01094, which was associated with the metastasis of GC. According to the clinical data from the TCGA, GSE15459, and GSE62254 cohorts, the high expression of LINC01094 was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Moreover, 106 clinical GC and paired normal samples were collected, and the qRT-PCR results showed that the high expression of LINC01094 was associated with high T and N stages and a poor prognosis. We found that LINC01094 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of GC in vitro and in vivo. AZGP1 was found as the protein-binding partner of LINC01094 by using RNA pulldown and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. LINC01094 antagonizes the function of AZGP1, downregulates the expression of PTEN, and further upregulates the AKT pathway. Collectively, our results suggested that LINC01094 might predict the prognosis of GC patients and become the therapy target for GC.
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Zhan C, Jin Y, Xu X, Shao J, Jin C. Antitumor therapy for breast cancer: Focus on tumor-associated macrophages and nanosized drug delivery systems. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36794651 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In breast cancer (BC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and are closely related to poor prognosis. A growing number of studies have focused on the role of TAMs in BC progression and therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs. As an emerging treatment, the application of nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs has attracted much attention. AIMS This review is to summarize the characteristics and treatment strategies targeting TAMs in BC and to clarify the applications of NDDSs targeting TAMs in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs. MATERIALS & METHODS The existing results related to characteristics of TAMs in BC, BC treatment strategies by targeting TAMs, and the applications of NDDSs in these strategies are described. Through analyzing these results, the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment strategies using NDDSs are discussed, which could provide advices on designing NDDSs for BC treatment. RESULTS TAMs are one of the most prominent noncancer cell types in BC. TAMs not only promote angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis but also lead to therapeutic resistance and immunosuppression. Mainly four strategies have been used to target TAMs for BC therapy, which include depleting macrophages, blocking recruitment, reprogramming to attain an anti-tumor phenotype, and increasing phagocytosis. Since NDDSs can efficiently deliver drugs to TAMs with low toxicity, they are promising approaches for targeting TAMs in tumor therapy. NDDSs with various structures can deliver immunotherapeutic agents and nucleic acid therapeutics to TAMs. In addition, NDDSs can realize combination therapies. DISCUSSION TAMs play a critical role in the progression of BC. An increasing number of strategies have been proposed to regulate TAMs. Compared with free drugs, NDDSs targeting TAMs improve drug concentration, reduce toxicity and realize combination therapies. However, in order to achieve better therapeutic efficacy, there are still some disadvantages that need to be considered in the design of NDDSs. CONCLUSION TAMs play an important role in the progression of BC, and targeting TAMs is a promising strategy for BC therapy. In particular, NDDSs targeting TAMs have unique advantages and are potential treatments for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinzhi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbo Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The CCR1 and CCR5 C-C chemokine receptors in Penaeus vannamei are annexed by bacteria to attenuate shrimp survival. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104561. [PMID: 36183838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs) family is involved in diverse pathophysiological processes in mammals, such as immune regulation and cancer, but their functions in invertebrates remain enigmatic. Here, two CCR homologs in Penaeus vannamei (designated PvCCR1 and PvCCR5) were characterized and found to share sequence homology with other CCRs and contain the conserved 7TM functional domain. Both PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 were constitutively expressed in healthy shrimp tissues, while their mRNA transcript levels were induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, and white spot syndrome virus. Notably, shrimp survival increased after knockdown of PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 followed by V. parahaemolyticus infection, indicating that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 are annexed by the bacteria for their benefit, the absence of which attenuates the effects of the pathogen on shrimp survival. The present data indicate that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 play key roles in the antimicrobial immune response and therefore vital for shrimp survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhouyan Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Cho SK, Lee K, Woo JH, Choi JH. Macrophages Promote Ovarian Cancer-Mesothelial Cell Adhesion by Upregulation of ITGA2 and VEGFC in Mesothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:384. [PMID: 36766725 PMCID: PMC9913165 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a metastatic disease that frequently exhibits extensive peritoneal dissemination. Recent studies have revealed that noncancerous cells inside the tumor microenvironment, such as macrophages and mesothelial cells, may play a role in ovarian cancer metastasis. In this study, we found that human ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and SKOV3) adhered more to human mesothelial Met5A cells stimulated by macrophages (M-Met5A) in comparison to unstimulated control Met5A cells. The mRNA sequencing revealed that 94 adhesion-related genes, including FMN1, ITGA2, COL13A1, VEGFC, and NRG1, were markedly upregulated in M-Met5A cells. Knockdown of ITGA2 and VEGFC in M-Met5A cells significantly inhibited the adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of the JNK and Akt signaling pathways suppressed ITGA2 and VEGFC expression in M-Met5A cells as well as ovarian cancer-mesothelial cell adhesion. Furthermore, increased production of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL5 by macrophages elevated ovarian cancer-mesothelial cell adhesion. These findings imply that macrophages may play a significant role in ovarian cancer-mesothelial cell adhesion by inducing the mesothelial expression of adhesion-related genes via the JNK and Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kye Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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He Z, Yue C, Chen X, Li X, Zhang L, Tan S, Yi X, Luo G, Zhou Y. Integrative Analysis Identified CD38 As a Key Node That Correlates Highly with Immunophenotype, Chemoradiotherapy Resistance, And Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:72-87. [PMID: 36605482 PMCID: PMC9809333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is mainly treated by surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, the prognosis of some patients with HNC is poor because of radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, anti‑PD‑1 monoclonal antibodies have shown certain efficacy, and a change of the tumor immune microenvironment is the main reason for the failure of HNC immunotherapy. The present study aimed to identify and verify that CD38, which is closely related to the prognosis of HNC, is a potential biological marker of radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance and PD-L1 immunotherapy resistance via a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. According to the UALCAN database, the transcript level of CD38 in HNC was analyzed using cluster analysis, and the expression of CD38 mRNA in HNC was detected using the Oncomine database. The characteristics of CD38-related oncogenes were identified by gene cluster enrichment analysis in LinkedOmics. The R2 and SEER databases were used to further evaluate the prognostic significance of the CD38 gene in HNC using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival and the clinical characteristics of the subjects. The protein-protein interaction network of the top 50 genes showing significant positive correlations with CD38 in HNC was analyzed using STRING. Finally, we used a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line to verify the biological function. The results showed that the levels of CD38 mRNA expression in patients with HNC were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. The levels of CD38 mRNA expression in patients with HNC of different ages, sexes, and races were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. CD38 is an independent prognostic factor for HNC, and high expression of CD38 indicates poor prognosis. CD38 expression correlated positively with the markers of many kinds of immune cells, and correlated significantly with the expression of PD-L1. We found that the high expression of CD38 suggested a poor prognosis in the subgroup of tumors treated with chemotherapeutic drugs in the G1/S phase. We used HNC cell lines to verify that the high expression of CD38 promoted the proliferation of NPC cells and produced radiotherapy tolerance. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we suggested that CD38 is a key gene involved in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune drug resistance in HNC. This study provides a reliable biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with HNC and a reference for clinical comprehensive treatment of HNC. Individualization combined with CD38 monoclonal antibodies might provide a promising treatment strategy for this fatal disease, and this comprehensive treatment might reduce the damage to normal tissue and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi He
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunxue Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Breast Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Shan Tan
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Xia Yi
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Professor Yanhong Zhou, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; E-mail: . Dr Gengqiu Luo, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Professor Yanhong Zhou, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; E-mail: . Dr Gengqiu Luo, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China; E-mail:
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Yan B, Shi R, Lu YY, Fang DD, Ye MN, Zhou QM. Shenqi Fuzheng injection reverses M2 macrophage-mediated cisplatin resistance through the PI3K pathway in breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279752. [PMID: 36693064 PMCID: PMC9873177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZ) combined with chemotherapy can sensitize tumour cells. However, the mechanisms underlying SQFZ's effects remain unknown. In human breast cancer cell lines and M2 macrophages, we showed that SQFZ was a significantly potent agent of sensitization. METHODS The human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231/DDP, and the human acute leukaemia mononuclear cell line, THP-1, were used. MDA-MB-231/DDP breast cancer xenografts were established to monitor tumour growth. Resistance-associated proteins were examined by western blotting. Levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected by ELISA. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS SQFZ significantly enhanced the capability of cisplatin to reduce tumour mass. SQFZ and cisplatin decreased the expression of CD206 by 1.89-fold and increased that of CD86 by 1.76-fold as compared to cisplatin alone. The levels of PGE2, IL-6, and CCL1 decreased significantly, and the activation of p-PI3K and the expressions of P-gp and ABCG2 were also inhibited by SQFZ in combination with cisplatin treatment in vivo. The survival following cisplatin administration of 60 μM and 120 μM reduced significantly in the presence of SQFZ in MDA-MB-231/DDP and M2 co-cultured cells. IGF-1, a PI3K activator, combined with SQFZ weakened the effects of SQFZ-induced apoptosis from 28.7% to 10.5%. The effects of IGF-1 on increasing the expressions of P-gp, ABCG2, and Bcl-2, and decreasing that of Bax were reversed by SQFZ. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that SQFZ is a potential therapeutic drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-yu Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-dong Fang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-na Ye
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-mei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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