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Patel M, Avashthi G, Gacem A, Alqahtani MS, Park HK, Jeon BH. A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5490. [PMID: 37513362 PMCID: PMC10384041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure-activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Avashthi
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Bioimaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kaya G, Noma SAA, Barut Celepci D, Bayıl İ, Taskin-Tok T, Gök Y, Ateş B, Aktaş A, Aygün M, Tezcan B. Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, single crystal X-ray analysis, in vitro xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory evaluation as well as in silico evaluation of selenium-based N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11728-11747. [PMID: 36622368 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2163696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, eight new NHC-based selenourea derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic method (1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, FT-IR), and elemental analysis techniques. These compounds were synthesized by mixing benzimidazolium salts, potassium carbonate, and selenium powder in ethyl alcohol. Additionally, the molecular and crystal structures of the three compounds (1c, 2b, and 2c) were determined using the single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Diffraction analysis demonstrated the partial carbon-selenium double-bond character of these compounds. All compounds were determined to be highly potent inhibitors for AChE and XO enzymes. The IC50 values for the compounds were found in the range of 0.361-0.754 μM for XO and from 0.995 to 1.746 μM for AChE. The DNA binding properties of the compounds were investigated. These compounds did not have a remarkable DNA binding property. Also, DPPH radical scavenging activities of the compounds were also investigated. Compounds (1c), (2a), (3a), and (3b) exhibited more pronounced DPPH radical scavenging activity when compared to other compounds. Docking studies were applied by using AutoDock 4 to determine interaction mechanism of the selected compounds (1a), (1b), and (3b). The compound (1b) has good binding affinity (-9.78 kcal/mol) against AChE, and (-6.86 kcal/mol) for XO target. Drug similarity properties of these compounds compared to positive controls were estimated and evaluated by ADMET analysis. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations have been applied to understand the accuracy of docking studies. These findings and the defined compounds could be potential candidates for the discovery and progress of effective medicine(s) for AChE and XO in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Samir Abbas Ali Noma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Barut Celepci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - İmren Bayıl
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Aktaş
- Vocational School of Health Service, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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3
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Upadhyay R, Khalifa Z, Patel AB. Indole Fused Benzimidazole Hybrids: A Promising Combination to Fulfill Pharmacological Significance. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2140171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
| | - Zebabanu Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
| | - Amit B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
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Ten Years Milestones in Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Discovery: Febuxostat-Based Inhibitors Trends, Bifunctional Derivatives, and Automatized Screening Assays. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme involved in the oxidative process of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid (UA). This process also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts. Both UA and ROS are dangerous for human health, and some health conditions trigger upregulation of XO activity, which results in many diseases (cancer, atherosclerosis, hepatitis, gout, and others) given the worsened scenario of ROS and UA overproduction. So, XO became an attractive target to produce and discover novel selective drugs based on febuxostat, the most recent XO inhibitor out of only two approved by FDA. Under this context, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been successfully applied to rapidly and easily screen for bioactive compounds, isolated or in complex natural matrixes, that act as enzyme inhibitors through the use of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER). This article’s goal is to present advances comprising febuxostat-based XO inhibitors as a new trend, bifunctional moieties capable of inhibiting XO and modulating ROS activity, and in-flow techniques employing an IMER in HPLC and CE to screen for synthetic and natural compounds that act as XO inhibitors.
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5
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Application of nanotechnology to herbal antioxidants as improved phytomedicine: An expanding horizon. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113413. [PMID: 36076482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chadorshabi S, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Ghasempour Z. Red onion skin active ingredients, extraction and biological properties for functional food applications. Food Chem 2022; 386:132737. [PMID: 35509169 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Onion is an important vegetable in the world and the second most important vegetable crop after tomato.Hence, the onion waste, such as onion skin, is produced in abundance causing environmental problems. Due to its bioactive compounds, especially phenolics and flavonoids, red onion skin can be used through appropriate methods for producing value-added products. These phytochemicals are proven to prevent oxidative stress and broad spectrum of microorganisms beside having diverse beneficial biological properties. Extraction step is the most critical processing in making phytonutrient available. Various approaches including conventional and non-conventional technologies applied for extracting different compounds from red onion wastes was summarized in this study. To evaluate the industrial application potential, the use of natural bioactives derived from red onion skin for elaboration of various food systems has been also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chadorshabi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi
- Drug Applied Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasempour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Acharya PT, Bhavsar ZA, Jethava DJ, Rajani DP, Pithawala E, Patel HD. Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation and computational study of benzimidazole hybrid thiosemicarbazide derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi T. Acharya
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad Gujarat India
| | - Zeel A. Bhavsar
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad Gujarat India
| | - Divya J. Jethava
- Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad Gujarat India
| | - Dhanji P. Rajani
- Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Research Center Surat Gujarat India
| | - Edwin Pithawala
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Khyati Institute of Science, Palodia Ahmedabad Gujarat India
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8
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Ekinci O, Akkoç M, Khan S, Yasar S, Gürses C, Noma S, Balcıoğlu S, Sen B, Aygün M, Yılmaz İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Au‐NHC complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ekinci
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Mitat Akkoç
- Hekimhan Vocational College, Department of Property Protection and Security, Hekimhan Malatya Turgut Özal University Malatya Turkey
| | - Siraj Khan
- Quaid‐i‐Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Canbolat Gürses
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Samir Noma
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry Bursa Uludağ University Bursa Turkey
| | - Sevgi Balcıoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services at Akyazı, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya Turkey
| | - Betül Sen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - İsmet Yılmaz
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
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9
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Reddy SR, Reddy GG, Reddy CVR, Laxminarayana E. Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Study of N-[4-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl)-1-phenylmethanimines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802206015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Wzgarda-Raj K, Książkiewicz O, Palusiak M. Co-crystals synthesis of 2- and 4-mercaptopyridine with thiourea and its analogue, trithiocyanuric acid. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of four new co-crystals obtained via cross-crystallisation of 2- and 4-mercaptopyridine with thiourea and trithiocyanuric acid, and examines their crystal structures. The resulting structures are...
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11
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Wzgarda-Raj K, Książkiewicz O, Palusiak M. A rare case of a 2:2:1 ternary cocrystal of pyridine sulfides and trithiocyanuric acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:479-484. [PMID: 34350845 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621007208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of a 2:2:1 ternary cocrystal consisting of two trithiocyanuric acid molecules, two bis(pyridin-4-yl) sulfide molecules and 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)tetrasulfane, namely, 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione-4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)pyridine-1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)tetrasulfane (2/2/1), 2C3H3N3S3·2C10H8N2S·C10H8N2S4. This interesting crystal structure with five neutral molecules per asymmetric unit was synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments and quantum-chemical modelling. Among various specific interactions, hydrogen and halogen bridges have a significant role in stabilizing the crystal structure. In particular, the role played by stacking interactions has been revealed by structure analysis and theoretical calculations. Crystallization was spontaneous and reproducible. One of the components, 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)tetrasulfane, has been characterized by XRD for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Wzgarda-Raj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łodz, Pomorska 163/165, Łodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Olga Książkiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łodz, Pomorska 163/165, Łodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łodz, Pomorska 163/165, Łodz 90-236, Poland
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12
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Martorell M, Lucas X, Alarcón-Zapata P, Capó X, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Tejada S, Sureda A. Targeting Xanthine Oxidase by Natural Products as a Therapeutic Approach for Mental Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:367-382. [PMID: 32564744 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200621165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders comprise diverse human pathologies, including depression, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia that affect millions of people around the world. The causes of mental disorders are unclear, but growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the purine/adenosine system play a key role in their development and progression. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein enzyme essential for the catalysis of the oxidative hydroxylation of purines -hypoxanthine and xanthine- to generate uric acid. As a consequence of the oxidative reaction of XO, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are produced and, further, contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Altered XO activity has been associated with free radical-mediated neurotoxicity inducing cell damage and inflammation. Diverse studies reported a direct association between an increased activity of XO and diverse mental diseases including depression or schizophrenia. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as the well-known allopurinol, and dietary flavonoids, can modulate the XO activity and subsequent ROS production. In the present work, we review the available literature on XO inhibition by small molecules and their potential therapeutic application in mental disorders. In addition, we discuss the chemistry and molecular mechanism of XO inhibitors, as well as the use of structure-based and computational methods to design specific inhibitors with the capability of modulating XO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Xavier Lucas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Alarcón-Zapata
- Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hyperuricemia and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1470380. [PMID: 33854690 PMCID: PMC8019370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1470380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA). Alterations in SUA homeostasis have been linked to a number of diseases, and hyperuricemia is the major etiologic factor of gout and has been correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Oxidative stress is usually defined as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in our body and is considered to be one of the main causes of cell damage and the development of disease. Studies have demonstrated that hyperuricemia is closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS. Therefore, XOR is considered a drug target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of uric acid transport and the development of hyperuricemia, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of hyperuricemia. We also summarize recent advances and new discoveries in XOR inhibitors.
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14
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Wzgarda-Raj K, Rybarczyk-Pirek AJ, Wojtulewski S, Palusiak M. Trithiocyanuric acid: novel cocrystals and analysis of its tautomeric forms. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:49-55. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620016137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals of trithiocyanuric acid with 2,2′-bipyridyl [1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione–2,2′-bipyridine (2/1), 2C3H3N3S3·C10H8N2, (I)] and 4-methylbenzohydrazide [1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione–4-methylbenzohydrazide (1/1), C8H10N2O·C3H3N3S3, (II)] crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system. In the crystals, molecules of both components are linked by hydrogen bonds. The trithiocyanuric acid molecules are connected by N—H...S hydrogen bonds forming R
2
2(8) synthons, which are further organized into chain motifs. Computations based on quantum chemistry methods have been performed for a more detailed description of the observed tautomerism of trithiocyanuric acid.
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15
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Kaliyan P, Selvaraj L, Muthu SP. Water extract of onion catalyst: An economical green route for the synthesis of 2‐substituted and 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives with high selectivity. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Kaliyan
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
| | - Loganathan Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
| | - Seenivasa Perumal Muthu
- Department of Chemistry The Gandhigram Rural Institute‐Deemed to be University Dindigul India
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16
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Haider K, Haider MR, Neha K, Yar MS. Free radical scavengers: An overview on heterocyclic advances and medicinal prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112607. [PMID: 32721784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present scenario, there has been a lot of consideration toward the field of free radical chemistry. Free radicals responsive oxygen species are produced by different endogenous frameworks, exposure to various physicochemical conditions, radiation, toxins, metabolized drug by-product, and pathological states. On the off chance that free radical overpowers the body's capacity, it generates a condition known as oxidative stress, which can alter physiological conditions of the body and results in several diseases. For appropriate physiological function, it is necessary to have a proper balance between free radicals and antioxidants. Antioxidants chemically inhibit the oxidation process; they are also known as free radical scavengers. For tackling the problem of oxidative stress application of an external source of antioxidant is helpful. A lot of antioxidants of natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic origin are in use, with time search of more effective, nontoxic, safe antioxidant is intensified. The present review, discuss different synthetic derivatives bearing various heterocyclic scaffolds as radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kumari Neha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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17
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Tan A. Novel 1,2,3-triazole compounds: Synthesis, In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Aroua LM. Novel Mixed Complexes Derived from Benzoimidazolphenylethanamine and
4-(Benzoimidazol-2-yl)aniline: Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial
Evaluation and Theoretical Prediction of Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2020.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzoimidazolphenylethanamine (BPE) has been synthesized using condensation reaction from
o-phenyldiamine and L-phenylalanine. Some metal complexes have been synthesized from
4-(benzoimidazol-2-yl)aniline, benzoimidazolylphenylethanamine and cadmium(II), tin(II), copper(II)
and nickel(II) metal in a molar ratio (1:1:1). All new metal complexes were characterized by
spectroscopic data of FTIR, UV-visible electronic absorption, X-ray powder diffraction and thermal
analysis. Spectra analysis of the mixed metal complexes showed the coordination of ligands to the
metal ions via nitrogen atoms. The XRD powder showed that metal complexes have a monoclinic
system. The preliminary tested in vitro antibacterial activities of Sn(II) complex was assayed against
four bacterial isolates namely Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive,
Pseudomonas aerugmosa and Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi M. Aroua
- 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Campus University, King Abdulaziz Road, P.O.Box: 6644, Buraydah, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Laboratory of Organic Structural Chemistry & Macromolecules, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El-Manar University, El Manar I 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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19
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Gunduğdu Ö, Noma SAA, Taskin-Tok T, Ateş B, Kishali N. Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitor properties on isoindoline-1,3-dion derivatives and calculation of interaction mechanism. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Baldisserotto A, Demurtas M, Lampronti I, Tacchini M, Moi D, Balboni G, Pacifico S, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Onnis V. Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of 2-arylbenzimidazoles. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Tomovic K, Ilic BS, Smelcerovic Z, Miljkovic M, Yancheva D, Kojic M, Mavrova AT, Kocic G, Smelcerovic A. Benzimidazole-based dual dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Kikiowo B, Ogunleye AJ, Inyang OK, Adelakun NS, Omotuyi OI, Metibemu DS, David TI, Oludoyi OO, Ijatuyi TT. Flavones scaffold of Chromolaena odorata as a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor: Induced Fit Docking and ADME studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:227-234. [PMID: 32983938 PMCID: PMC7502905 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gout is a type of painful inflammation initiated by the interactions between monosodium urate crystals and connective tissue. Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, then to uric acid. The primary treatments for gout include XO inhibitors. At present, allopurinol is the most used XO inhibitor for the treatment of gout. However, it can cause adverse effects commonly known as allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome, thereby limiting its usage. Consequently, it is necessary to develop potent and less toxic inhibitors of XO. Chromolaena odorata is one of such plants under investigation for its diverse health benefits. Methods: Phytochemicals of C. odorata were screened against XO receptor, using molecular docking. The top five hit compounds of glide docking yield flavones scaffold which were subjected to induced fit docking (IFD) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies. Results: The result showed that flavones scaffold of C. odorata can bind with higher affinity and lower free energy values when compared to that of the standard, allopurinol. The IFD scores of the flavones scaffold range from -1525.25 to -1527.99 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Our results have shown that flavones scaffold might have the potential to act as an effective drug candidate when compared to allopurinol in treating and/or preventing gout and some inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatomiwa Kikiowo
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Joseph Ogunleye
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olumide Kayode Inyang
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Niyi Samuel Adelakun
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Damilohun Samuel Metibemu
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Israel David
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyin Olajide Oludoyi
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Tolulope Ijatuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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23
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Burmaoglu S, Ozcan S, Balcioglu S, Gencel M, Noma SAA, Essiz S, Ates B, Algul O. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of bis-chalcone derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors and anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Gaba M, Singh S, Mohan C, Dhingra R, Chauhan M, Rana P, Dhingra N. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Gastro- Protective Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Agents based on Dual Oxidative Stress / Cyclooxygenase Inhibition. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:268-290. [PMID: 30914035 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190325155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) derived local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in the formation of gastric ulceration. OBJECTIVE Therefore, anti-inflammatory analgesics with potent antioxidant activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders without gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. METHODS In an effort to develop gastroprotective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-1-yl) (phenyl) methanone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition as well as anti-oxidant potential by the FRAP assay. The compounds with significant in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity were further screened in vivo for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Moreover, the ulcerogenic potential of test compounds was also studied. To gain insight into the plausible mode of interaction of compounds within the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, molecular docking simulations were performed. RESULTS Among the various synthesized molecules, most of the compounds showed good cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and efficient antioxidant activity in FRAP assay. After preliminary and indicative in vitro assays, three compounds exhibited most significant antiinflammatory and analgesic activity with better gastric tolerability during their in vivo evaluation. Ligand interaction studies indicated highest dock score -43.05 of 1,2- disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives in comparison to the reference ligand -30.70. Overall studies provided us (2-((4-methoxyphenylamino) methyl) -1h-benzo [d] imidazol- 1-yl) (phenyl) methanone as a lead with potent gastro-protective anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities that can be used for future research. CONCLUSION From the above results, it can be concluded that designing of multifunctional molecules with COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory and anti-oxidant activities could hold a great promise for further development of GI-safer NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sarbjot Singh
- Drug Discovery Research, Panacea Biotec Pvt. Ltd., Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Chander Mohan
- Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Priyanka Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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25
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Luna G, Dolzhenko AV, Mancera RL. Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase: Scaffold Diversity and Structure-Based Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:714-743. [PMID: 30740924 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of purines and their conversion into uric acid. XO is thus the target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. For more than 50 years the only XO inhibitor drug available on the market was the purine analogue allopurinol. In the last decade there has been a resurgence in the search for new inhibitors of XO, as the activity of XO and hyperuricemia have also been associated with a variety of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. In recent years the non-purine inhibitor febuxostat was approved in Europe and the USA for the treatment of hyperuricemia. This drug was followed by another XO inhibitor called topiroxostat. This review discusses the molecular structures and activities of the multiple classes of inhibitors that have been developed since the discovery of allopurinol, with a brief review of the molecular interactions between inhibitors and XO active site residues for the most important molecules. The challenges ahead for the discovery of new inhibitors of XO with novel chemical structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Luna
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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26
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Islam MK, Jackson PJM, Thurston DE, Rahman KM. Methylene-linked bis-phenylbenzimidazoles - a new scaffold to target telomeric DNA/RNA hybrid duplex. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4424-4428. [PMID: 29498732 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of novel methylene-linked bis-phenylbenzimidazoles intercalators that stabilize telomeric DNA/RNA hybrid (tDRH) structures by up to 7.2 °C at a 1 μM ligand concentration while having negligible affinity for DNA/DNA duplexes, although with a low affinity for quadruplex DNA. We have used molecular modelling studies to rationalize this selectivity, concluding that the methylene spacer between the terminal benzimidazole and phenylene moieties plays a key role in facilitating the bis-intercalating process. This scaffold may be used to develop chemical tools or new therapeutics to selectively target the telomeric DNA/RNA duplex without affecting normal genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Islam
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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27
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Abu Bakar FI, Abu Bakar MF, Rahmat A, Abdullah N, Sabran SF, Endrini S. Anti-gout Potential of Malaysian Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:261. [PMID: 29628890 PMCID: PMC5876239 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation in one or more joints. In gout, elevation of uric acid in the blood triggers the formation of crystals, causing joint pain. Malaysia is a mega-biodiversity country that is rich in medicinal plants species. Therefore, its flora might offer promising therapies for gout. This article aims to systematically review the anti-gout potential of Malaysian medicinal plants. Articles on gout published from 2000 to 2017 were identified using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with the following keyword search terms: “gout,” “medicinal plants,” “Malaysia,” “epidemiology,” “in vitro,” and “in vivo.” In this study, 85 plants were identified as possessing anti-gout activity. These plants had higher percentages of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (>85%); specifically, the Momordica charantia, Chrysanthemum indicum, Cinnamomum cassia, Kaempferia galanga, Artemisia vulgaris, and Morinda elliptica had the highest values, due to their diverse natural bioactive compounds, which include flavonoids, phenolics, tannin, coumarins, luteolin, and apigenin. This review summarizes the anti-gout potential of Malaysian medicinal plants but the mechanisms, active compounds, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of the plants still remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazleen I Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muar, Malaysia.,Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Mohd F Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muar, Malaysia.,Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muar, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdullah
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muar, Malaysia
| | - Siti F Sabran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muar, Malaysia.,Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Susi Endrini
- Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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28
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Nile SH, Nile AS, Keum YS, Sharma K. Utilization of quercetin and quercetin glycosides from onion ( Allium cepa L.) solid waste as an antioxidant, urease and xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Food Chem 2017; 235:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Nile SH, Keum YS, Nile AS, Kwon YD, Kim DH. Potential cow milk xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of selected phenolic acid derivatives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Shivraj Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Deuk Kwon
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
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30
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Zhang TJ, Li SY, Zhang Y, Wu QX, Meng FH. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H
-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:526-533. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Song-ye Li
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qing-xia Wu
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Fan-hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang China
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31
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Nile SH, Keum YS, Nile AS, Jalde SS, Patel RV. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activity of natural plant flavonoids and their synthesized derivatives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Shivraj Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143701 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rahul V. Patel
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Dongguk University; Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
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32
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Ouyang H, Hou K, Peng W, Liu Z, Deng H. Antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of total polyphenols from onion. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:1509-1513. [PMID: 30505202 PMCID: PMC6252007 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Onions (Allium cepa L.) comprise a valuable vegetable crop in many countries. Modern scientific research has shown that onions possess many biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antiplatelet aggregation, and antioxidant activities. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of total onion polyphenols on antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. Total onion polyphenols showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and OH-assays (IC50 [µg/mL]), 43.24, 560.61, and 12.97, respectively). In a X/XO system, antioxidant properties of these polyphenols significantly inhibited XO activity (IC50 [µg/mL], 17.36). These results indicated that total onion polyphenols showed promising antioxidant and anti-gout properties and might be used as potential, natural drugs against oxidative diseases after successful studies in vivo as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ouyang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Analyse and Drugs Development of Ethnomedicine in Wuling Mountains, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Kun Hou
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Analyse and Drugs Development of Ethnomedicine in Wuling Mountains, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenling Liu
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Heping Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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33
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Durak A, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kowalska I. Evaluation of interactions between coffee and cardamom, their type, and strength in relation to interactions in a model system. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1247298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Durak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation- State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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34
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Synthesis and anticoagulant bioactivity evaluation of 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole fluorinated derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-6205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Ajani OO, Aderohunmu DV, Ikpo CO, Adedapo AE, Olanrewaju IO. Functionalized Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Privileged Heterocycle for Drug Design in Therapeutic Medicine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:475-506. [PMID: 27213292 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are crucial structural scaffolds found in diverse libraries of biologically active compounds which are therapeutically useful agents in drug discovery and medicinal research. They are structural isosteres of naturally occurring nucleotides, which allows them to interact with the biopolymers of living systems. Hence, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier documentations to understand the current status of the benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. This present work unveils the benzimidazole core as a multifunctional nucleus that serves as a resourceful tool of information for synthetic modifications of old existing candidates in order to tackle drug resistance bottlenecks in therapeutic medicine. This manuscript deals with the recent advances in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives, the widespread biological activities as well as pharmacokinetic reports. These present them as a toolbox for fighting infectious diseases and also make them excellent candidates for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O Ajani
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola V Aderohunmu
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe O Ikpo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adebusayo E Adedapo
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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36
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Nile SH, Ko EY, Kim DH, Keum YS. Screening of ferulic acid related compounds as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 with anti-inflammatory activity. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Mavrova AT, Yancheva D, Anastassova N, Anichina K, Zvezdanovic J, Djordjevic A, Markovic D, Smelcerovic A. Synthesis, electronic properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of some new benzimidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6317-26. [PMID: 26344590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two groups of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized using as precursors 5(6)-substituted 2-mercapto-benzimidazol-thiols and their antioxidant activity was investigated using TBA-MDA test. In the group of 1,3-disubstituted-benzimidazol-2-imines the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition effect 74.04% (IC₅₀=141.89 μg/mL) revealed ethyl [3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-imino-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimdazol-1-yl]acetate 12 while in the group of 2-substituted-1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolones the highest inhibition effect showed 2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-7-(phenylcarbonyl)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one 17 90.76% (IC₅₀=53.70 μg/mL). In order to estimate the capability of the studied benzimidazoles to act as radical scavengers the structure of the most active derivative within the both subseries was optimized at B3LYP/6-311++G(∗∗) level and the respective bond dissociation enthalpies were calculated. The appropriate models for the HAT and SET-mechanism of the antioxidant activity were proposed. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Salmonella abony NCTC 6017). 1,3-Diphenylpropyl-5-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-imine 14 exhibited significant activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. abony and E. coli (with MIC values of 0.125, 0.016, 0.50 and 0.50mg/mL, respectively). The group of thiazolobenzimidazolones did not reveal antibacterial activity against the tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia Ts Mavrova
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G Bonchev Str., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neda Anastassova
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kamelya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jelena Zvezdanovic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Djordjevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dejan Markovic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Benzimidazole derivatives: search for GI-friendly anti-inflammatory analgesic agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:337-42. [PMID: 26579464 PMCID: PMC4629282 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been successfully used for the alleviation of pain and inflammation in the past and continue to be used daily by millions of patients worldwide. However, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity associated with NSAIDs is an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Local generation of various reactive oxygen species plays a significant role in the formation of gastric ulceration associated with NSAIDs therapy. Co-medication of antioxidants along with NSAIDs has been found to be beneficial in the prevention of GI injury. This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory analgesic agents with lower GI toxicity. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the test compounds decreased GI toxicity.
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Banerji B, Pramanik SK. Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of 1-propenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:73-8. [PMID: 26101549 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterocyclic compound 1-propenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one was synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed rearrangement reaction. Anticancer activities were confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against Neura 2a (neuroblastoma cell), HEK 293 (kidney cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines at low micromolar range. Furthermore, clear images from phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopes and confocal images unambiguously confirm the cancer cell death. The single X-ray crystal structure of the compound unambiguously proves the structure of the benzimidazolone compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Biological Activity and Molecular Structures of Bis(benzimidazole) and Trithiocyanurate Complexes. Molecules 2015; 20:10360-76. [PMID: 26053490 PMCID: PMC6272323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)methanamine (abb) and 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (tbb) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis. These bis(benzimidazoles) have been further used in combination with trithiocyanuric acid for the preparation of complexes. The crystal and molecular structures of two of them have been solved. Each nickel atom in the structure of trinuclear complex [Ni3(abb)3(H2O)3(μ-ttc)](ClO4)3·3H2O·EtOH (1), where ttcH3 = trithiocyanuric acid, is coordinated with three N atoms of abb, the N,S donor set of ttc anion and an oxygen of a water molecule. The crystal of [(tbbH2)(ttcH2)2(ttcH3)(H2O)] (2) is composed of a protonated bis(benzimidazole), two ttcH2 anions, ttcH3 and water. The structure is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. These compounds were primarily synthesized for their potential antimicrobial activity and hence their possible use in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or yeasts (fungi). The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the prepared compounds have been evaluated on a wide spectrum of bacterial and yeast strains and clinical specimens isolated from patients with infectious wounds and the best antimicrobial properties were observed in strains after the use of ligand abb and complex 1, when at least 80% growth inhibition was achieved.
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KUMAR BRAJESH, SMITA KUMARI, KUMAR BRAJENDRA, CUMBAL LUIS. Ultrasound promoted and SiO2/CCl3COOH mediated synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives in aqueous media: An eco-friendly approach. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nile SH, Park SW. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Pyranochromenes and Root Extracts of Tephrosia purpurea. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L, Debut A. Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for 2-arylbenzimidazole fabrication. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Beyaztaş S, Arslan O. Purification of xanthine oxidase from bovine milk by affinity chromatography with a novel gel. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:442-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.943204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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45
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Nile SH, Park SW. Total phenolics, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three colored onions (Allium cepaL.). FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2014.901926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Vangavaragu JR, Valasani KR, Gan X, Yan SS. Identification of human presequence protease (hPreP) agonists for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:506-16. [PMID: 24602793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), a neurotoxic peptide, is linked to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased Aβ content within neuronal cell mitochondria is a pathological feature in both human and mouse models with AD. This accumulation of Aβ within the mitochondrial landscape perpetuates increased free radical production and activation of the apoptotic pathway. Human Presequence Protease (hPreP) is responsible for the degradation of mitochondrial amyloid-β peptide in human neuronal cells, and is thus an attractive target to increase the proteolysis of Aβ. Therefore, it offers a potential target for Alzheimer's drug design, by identifying potential activators of hPreP. We applied structure-based drug design, combined with experimental methodologies to investigate the ability of various compounds to enhance hPreP proteolytic activity. Compounds 3c &4c enhanced hPreP-mediated proteolysis of Aβ (1-42), pF₁β (2-54) and fluorogenic-substrate V. These results suggest that activation of hPreP by small benzimidazole derivatives provide a promising avenue for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Rani Vangavaragu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Koteswara Rao Valasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Xueqi Gan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 2099 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Nile SH, Park SW. Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Bioactive Compounds From Maize (Zea maysL.). Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:119-25. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj H. Nile
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory; School of Life Sciences; SRTM University; Nanded Maharashtra 431606 India
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Se W. Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 South Korea
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