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Nydell Helkimo A, Rolander B, Koch G. Oral health with focus on dental fear and dental caries in Swedish preschool child populations attending public dental health care: Trends over 30 years. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:833-839. [PMID: 38487928 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study changes in oral health with focus on reported dental fear prevalence and interrelationships between dental fear and prevalence of dental caries and performed restorative dental treatment in preschool child populations attending regular public dental health care between 1983 and 2013. METHODS Every 10 years, random samples of about 100 children aged 3 and 5 years, respectively, took part in cross-sectional studies based on oral examination and a questionnaire. One question, put to the child and answered by the parent, mirrored dental fear: "What do you feel at the prospect of an appointment with a dentist?". Agreement to at least one of three alternatives, ill at ease, frightened and sick, indicated dental fear. Frightened and/or sick mirrored severe dental fear. 79%-94% of the samples answered the question and constituted the study group. Prevalence of caries and number of filled tooth surfaces were recorded. Dental parameters were presented in mean values. RESULTS During the 30 years, dental fear prevalence was fairly constant. 21% of 3-year-olds and 15% of 5-year-olds reported dental fear in 2013. Positive relationships between dental fear prevalence and caries prevalence and number of filled tooth surfaces were found. Dental caries was reduced during the study time, but to a lesser degree in children with dental fear compared to children without dental fear. CONCLUSIONS Although children were offered public dental health care, the prevalence of dental fear remained high. Children with dental fear are caries risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nydell Helkimo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Rolander
- Futurum, Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Göran Koch
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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2
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Jervøe-Storm PM, Peters LP, Bekes K, Fricke M, Jepsen S. Evaluation of Children's Anxiety Level in Relation to a Dental Visit/Treatment and Their Parents' Dental Fear. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6691. [PMID: 37892828 PMCID: PMC10607096 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients' fear of the dentist plays an important role in the everyday life of a dentist. The anxiety level of children in relation to dental treatment/visits and to their parents' dental fear was evaluated in three different centers. Assessments of a modified CFSS-DS (mCFSS-DS) were performed by questionnaire with 60 children and their parents. Children's dmft/DMFT scores, age and gender were evaluated in relation to the parents' perception of their child's anxiety levels. For statistical evaluation, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests as well as Spearman's correlation coefficient (Spearman) were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. There were no significant differences regarding children's mCFSS-DS between the three centers (p = 0.398, Kruskal-Wallis). The parents' mCFSS-DS scores correlated significantly with their children's mCFSS-DS scores (p = 0.004, Spearman). However, the mean mCFSS-DS score of the children was significantly higher than the mean score of parents' perception of their child's anxiety (p = 0.000, Wilcoxon). The age of the child had an influence on the mCFSS-DS score (p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis) but neither the children's gender (p = 0.170, Kruskal-Wallis), nor the dmft/DMFT showed an impact (p < 0.725, Spearman). Although a positive correlation was found between the results of the children's and parents' questionnaire, many parents underestimated the anxiety level of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Merete Jervøe-Storm
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Katrin Bekes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Miriam Fricke
- Independent Researcher, Glogauer Straße 28, 53117 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
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Kvesić AJ, Hrelja M, Lovrić Ž, Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Supina N, Vranić L, Vranić DN. Possible Risk Factors for Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Who Suffered Traumatic Dental Injury. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 37623286 PMCID: PMC10453853 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for DFA of these children. METHODS The study participants were 220 parents/caregivers and their children who experienced TDI. Their socio-demographic backgrounds were investigated with the modified WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Children that included questions about parents' knowledge and attitudes, while the DFA level was determined using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S Index) was used to assess oral hygiene status. RESULTS The confirmed risk factors are parental knowledge, female gender, and degree of oral hygiene and pain in the last three months, while age, type of TDI, presence of soft-tissue injury, and number of subjective complaints were not confirmed. The overall model predicted approximately 54% of variance in DFA, R2 = 0.545, F (4.215) = 64.28 p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of addressing pain management, improving oral hygiene, and enhancing parental knowledge to mitigate DFA in children with TDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslav Hrelja
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Željka Lovrić
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Nika Supina
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Binandeh E, Feizi G, Goli F, Seraj-Khorrami N, Khalifehsoltani F. Comparison of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on pain tolerance and intensity perception in patients with dental anxiety: A randomized trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.367910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Stein Duker LI, Grager M, Giffin W, Hikita N, Polido JC. The Relationship between Dental Fear and Anxiety, General Anxiety/Fear, Sensory Over-Responsivity, and Oral Health Behaviors and Outcomes: A Conceptual Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042380. [PMID: 35206566 PMCID: PMC8872083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is common across the lifespan and represents a barrier to proper oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a conceptual model of the relationships between DFA, general anxiety/fear, sensory over-responsivity (SOR), and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes. Two rounds of literature searches were performed using the PubMed database. Included articles examined DFA, general anxiety/fear, SOR, catastrophizing, and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes in typically developing populations across the lifespan. The relationships between the constructs were recorded and organized into a conceptual model. A total of 188 articles were included. The results provided supporting evidence for relationships between DFA and all other constructs included in the model (general anxiety/fear, SOR, poor oral health, irregular dental attendance, dental behavior management problems [DBMP], and need for treatment with pharmacological methods). Additionally, SOR was associated with general anxiety/fear and DBMP; general anxiety/fear was linked to poor oral health, irregular attendance, and DBMP. This model provides a comprehensive view of the relationships between person factors (e.g., general anxiety/fear, SOR, and DFA) and oral health behaviors and outcomes. This is valuable in order to highlight connections between constructs that may be targeted in the development of new interventions to improve oral health behaviors and outcomes as well as the experience of DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah I. Stein Duker
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (W.G.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Willa Giffin
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (W.G.); (N.H.)
| | - Natasha Hikita
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (W.G.); (N.H.)
| | - José C. Polido
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
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Al-Jaloud MM, Al-Osaidi KS, Al-Anzi SS, Al-Jalban HA, Al-Shahrani FM, Al-Omari SD, Al-Shahrani AS, Al-Enezi MM, almusjan SA, Al-Faridi SA. Effect of Various Distraction Techniques on Pain and Anxiety of Pediatric Dental Patients: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/vtftdjbaws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rafatjou R, Ahmadi B, Farhadian M, Moghadam NE. Evaluation effect of color in dental office and dentist's uniform while using two different distraction techniques on injection anxiety of 6-9 years' old children referring to Hamedan Dental School: Randomized clinical trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:71. [PMID: 34760062 PMCID: PMC8543103 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.326644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of children's anxiety in dental offices is still a challenge for the treatment team. The most important factors which affect children's dental anxiety are the clinician-related factors and the physical factors of the dental operatory. Color is an environmental factor whose relationship with the perceptive and emotional factors of children has been reported. On the other hand, distraction is essential factors in a treatment environment that can be used to manage children's anxiety. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, from 132 6 to 9 years of age children, 52.3% were male, and 47.7% were female, with a mean age of 7.45 ± 1.1 years. The children's anxiety levels were determined using the Venham Picture Test and pulse oximetry before and after the administration of local anesthesia. The children were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 66): Group 1, music, and Group 2, animated cartoons. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25, using descriptive statistics and the statistical tests consisting of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The anxiety levels were the lowest in the blue and pink environments and the highest in the black and red. Anxiety levels between different colors in terms of physiologic markers and the questionnaire in each distraction technique at different intervals was significantly different. Conclusion: The use of blue, pink, green, and yellow for dentists' attire, and the interior design of the dental operatory decreased the child patients' anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Rafatjou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Bahar Ahmadi
- Department of Dental School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Cavalcanti LMLG, Lima RA, Silva CRDM, Barros MVGD, Soares FC. Constructs of poor sleep quality in adolescents: associated factors. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00207420. [PMID: 34550180 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00207420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate factors associated with sleep quality (overall and by domains) in adolescents. A cross-sectional study. This study was conducted with 1,296 first-year high school students from public schools in the Northern Region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were obtained with a questionnaire. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the ratio of weight and height squared. Multilevel linear and logistic regressions evaluated factors associated with sleep quality. We observed 53% of adolescents reported poor sleep quality. Adolescents at higher risk of clinical depression were 3.45 times more likely to have poor sleep quality (95%CI: 2.04; 5.81), and each additional unit in the social anxiety score presented 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01; 1.05) higher odds of adolescents having poor sleep quality. Adolescents with depressive symptoms had higher sleep latency, greater sleep disturbance, and greater daytime sleep dysfunction. Social anxiety was associated with sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime sleep dysfunction. Higher risk of clinical depression was associated with all domains related to sleep quality. Negative health perception was associated with sleep disturbance, and physical inactivity was associated with daytime sleep dysfunction. Social anxiety and especially higher risk of clinical depression were determinants of poor sleep quality. Changes in sleep latency, sleep disturbance and daytime sleep dysfunction seems to be relevant to poor sleep quality.
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9
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Grisolia BM, Dos Santos APP, Dhyppolito IM, Buchanan H, Hill K, Oliveira BH. Prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents globally: A systematic review with meta-analyses. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:168-183. [PMID: 33245591 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental anxiety (DA) negatively impacts oral health-related quality of life, and patients with DA usually require more dental treatment time. AIM To describe the global prevalence of DA in children and adolescents and to examine the influence of individual factors (age, sex, and caries experience) and variables related to DA measurement on pooled prevalence. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies published between 1985 and 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42014013879). RESULTS Searches yielded 1207 unique records; 224 full-text articles were screened, and 50 studies were used in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. No study was considered as having high methodological quality according to 'The Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool'. Overall pooled DA prevalence was 23.9% (95% CI 20.4, 27.3). Pooled prevalence in preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents was as follows: 36.5% (95% CI 23.8, 49.2), 25.8% (95% CI 19.5, 32.1), and 13.3% (95% CI 9.5, 17.0), respectively. DA was significantly more prevalent in preschool children (one study) and schoolchildren (two studies) with caries experience and in female adolescents (one study). The scale used for DA assessment was shown to influence pooled prevalence in preschoolers and adolescents. CONCLUSION DA is a frequent problem in 3- to 18-year-olds worldwide, more prevalent in schoolchildren and preschool children than in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Monteiro Grisolia
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabel Monteiro Dhyppolito
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heather Buchanan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kirsty Hill
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Branca Heloisa Oliveira
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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AlGharebi S, Al-Halabi M, Kowash M, Khamis AH, Hussein I. Children's dental anxiety (self and proxy reported) and its association with dental behaviour in a postgraduate dental hospital. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:29-40. [PMID: 32170653 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Child dental anxiety (CDA) and uncooperative dental behaviour are common. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CDA (self- and proxy- reported) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) children related to their dental behaviour. METHODS Data were collected from 312 questionnaires obtained from 156 parent/child (mean age 9.95 ± 2.17 years) pairs attending a postgraduate dental hospital. Demographics, self/proxy- reported CDA scores via a six-question, five-point Likert scale, of the Modified CDA Scale-faces version (MCDAS-f: where ≥ 19 was severe CDA) and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS) scores were compared and analysed. Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, Kappa- coefficient, one-way ANOVA and independent t test statistical analysis were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of self and proxy severe CDA was 22.4% (n = 35) and 33.3% (n = 52) respectively, with 9% (n = 14) being dentally- uncooperative. In both groups, extractions caused the highest CDA followed by injections and fillings (p < 0.001). The mean scores for self-reported/proxy-reported CDA were 15.02 (± 4.90)/15.70 (± 6.07) respectively. There was a positive linear correlation between self- and proxy- reported CDA scores and a negative linear correlation between self/proxy- reported CDA scores and the FBRS (p < 0.001). Self/proxy concordance of severe anxiety/none-to-moderate- anxiety was fair (68.6%, kappa = 0.23, p = 0.003). Both self/FBRS and proxy/FBRS concordance of severe anxiety/none-to-moderate- anxiety/behaviour was fair (78.8%, kappa = 0.23, p = 0.001) and (71.8%, kappa = 0.22, p < 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considering the limitations of the present study in a UAE child population sample, the prevalence of CDA from extractions, injections and fillings was 22.4% (self- reported) and 33% (proxy reported). There was fair agreement between child- self and parent- proxy- reported CDA. Increased CDA led to uncooperative dental behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S AlGharebi
- Paediatric Dentistry, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - M Al-Halabi
- Paediatric Dentistry, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - M Kowash
- Paediatric Dentistry, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - A H Khamis
- Biostatistics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - I Hussein
- Paediatric Dentistry, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
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11
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Nydell Helkimo A, Rolander B, Koch G. Attitudes to dental visits in a child population attending public dental health care in Jönköping, Sweden-trends over 40 years. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:351-360. [PMID: 32860617 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study attitudes to dental visits in a child population attending public dental health care between 1973 and 2013. METHODS Random samples of individuals aged 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years took part in cross-sectional studies based on clinical parameters and a questionnaire, all repeated every 10 years using the same study design. One question related to dental attitude; "What do you feel at the prospect of an appointment with a dentist?". The affirmative answers were full of expectation, unaffected, ill at ease, frightened and sick, representing positive, neutral and negative attitudes. During the same 40-year period, a dental health care system based on prevention and regular dental appointments was reinforced. RESULTS In preschool children, the most pronounced change was an increase in the number of children reporting full of expectation during the study period. In 10-, 15- and 20-year-olds, there was an increase in unaffected and a decrease in ill at ease over time. A reduction in frightened was only seen in the 20-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Despite a simultaneous dramatic decline in caries and a reduced need for operative dental treatment, the dental attitudes were fairly constant during the 40-year period. The moderate shifts to more positive or neutral dental attitudes were merely seen during the first 10 or 20 years. After this, the changes in answers were limited. This leads to the assumption that factors other than dental treatment experiences have an impact on dental attitudes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nydell Helkimo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Region Jönköping County, Box 1030, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - B Rolander
- Futurum, Academy for Health and Care, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - G Koch
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Region Jönköping County, Box 1030, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden
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12
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Day PF, Flores MT, O'Connell AC, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Fouad AF, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, Hicks L, Andreasen JO, Cehreli ZC, Harlamb S, Kahler B, Oginni A, Semper M, Levin L. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol 2020; 36:343-359. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Day
- School of Dentistry University of Leeds and Community Dental Service Bradford District Care NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Marie Therese Flores
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile
| | - Anne C. O'Connell
- Paediatric Dentistry Dublin Dental University HospitalTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Paul V. Abbott
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Georgios Tsilingaridis
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
- Center for Pediatric Oral Health Research Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Adams School of Dentistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Nestor Cohenca
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle WA USA
| | - Eva Lauridsen
- Resource Center for Rare Oral Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Lamar Hicks
- Division of Endodontics University of Maryland School of DentistryUMB Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jens Ove Andreasen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resource Centre for Rare Oral Diseases University Hospital in Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet) Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Zafer C. Cehreli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Stephen Harlamb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Bill Kahler
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland St Lucia Qld Australia
| | - Adeleke Oginni
- Faculty of Dentistry College of Health Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University Ile‐Ife Nigeria
| | | | - Liran Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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13
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Buldur B. Pathways between parental and individual determinants of dental caries and dental visit behaviours among children: Validation of a new conceptual model. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:280-287. [PMID: 32239726 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To delineate the pathways between the parental and individual determinants of dental caries and dental visit behaviours among children, using path analysis. METHODS The study employed an observational design; the study sample consisted of 583 parent-child dyads. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and oral health behaviour form, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. A conceptual model was developed, and it consisted of four endogenous variables (dental caries, children's oral health, dental visit behaviours and children's dental anxiety) and four exogenous ones (parental socioeconomic status, parental dental anxiety, parental oral health behaviours and parenting style). Path analysis was used to test the compatibility of the conceptual model, with a statistical significance at P < .001. RESULTS 49.1% of participants (n = 286) were male. The mean age of participants was 8.3 (SD = 2.1). The mean DMFT score was 6.0 (SD = 3.0) and the mean Frankl behaviour score 3.0 (SD = 1.0). Parental socioeconomic status showed the strongest association with dental caries (β = .276; P < .001), and children's dental anxiety had the strongest association with dental visit behaviours (β = -.414; P < .001). Parental socioeconomic status and oral health behaviours were directly associated with dental caries (P < .001), and parental socioeconomic status had the most association. Parenting style and parental and children's dental anxiety were associated with dental visit behaviours (P < .001). Further, while all parental variables except prior exposure to training about oral and dental health were significantly correlated with dental caries, only educational level and coverage by health insurance were significantly associated with Frankl behaviour scale score. CONCLUSIONS This study developed and validated a conceptual model that delineates the pathways between the parental and individual determinants of children's oral health and dental visit behaviours. The model should help us to understand these pathways to lower the incidence of dental caries and improve dental visit behaviours among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Buldur
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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14
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Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety, and to explore factors that may increase the risk of reporting dental anxiety among 18-year-old Norwegians in 2016. A further objective was to report changes in dental anxiety since 1996.Material and methods: An anonymous survey from a strategic sample of upper secondary students (n = 351) in 2016 with high response rate (93%) was compared with the results of an investigation of a similar population conducted in 1996.Results: The prevalence of dental anxiety and dental distrust was reduced from 1996 to 2016. Dental Fear Survey (DFS) from 19 to 8% (p < .001), and Dental Belief Survey (DBS) from 15 to 6% (p < .001). Geer Fear Scale (GFS) which measure phobic anxiety did not show a similar reduction (17 versus 15%, p = .37). Phobic anxiety, avoidance behaviour, self-reported poor oral health and previous experiences of pain were all associated with dental anxiety.Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anxiety was reduced from 1996 to 2016, but 8% still report dental anxiety. Proper pain management and use of behavioural management techniques still needs to be highlighted to prevent development of dental anxiety, avoidance behaviour and poor oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Strøm
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne B. Skaare
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cademartori MG, Rosa DPD, Brancher LC, Costa VPP, Goettems ML. Association of Dental Anxiety with Psychosocial Characteristics among Children Aged 7-13 Years. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Prado IM, Carcavalli L, Abreu LG, Serra-Negra JM, Paiva SM, Martins CC. Use of distraction techniques for the management of anxiety and fear in paediatric dental practice: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:650-668. [PMID: 30908775 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether distraction techniques (DT) reduce children's/adolescent's anxiety and fear during dental treatment. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which any type of DT were used to manage dental anxiety and dental fear in children/adolescents were included. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Google Scholar was conducted. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, assessed methodological quality of studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (CCRBT), and approached certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS Twenty studies covering several types of DT (audio, audiovisual, instruments camouflage, biofeedback, dental operating microscope, toys) were included. Qualitative analysis showed with very low certainty of evidence that DT effectively reduced dental anxiety and fear depending on the distraction type, instrument used to measure dental anxiety and dental fear, and dental procedure. CCRBT evaluation identified many methodological issues in included studies. CONCLUSION There is a very low certainty of evidence that DT can be effective in managing children's/adolescents' dental fear and anxiety during dental treatment. The heterogeneity of methodologies and findings in the studies, however, suggests more robust, and well-executed RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Meyer Prado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Carcavalli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júnia Maria Serra-Negra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Menoncin BLV, Portella PD, Ramos BLM, Assunção LRDS, de Souza JF, Menezes JVNB. Dental anxiety in schoolchildren with molar incisor hypomineralization-A population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:615-623. [PMID: 31009135 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying patients with high levels of DA helps to define the most adequate oral healthcare strategy, especially for pediatric patients. AIM To investigate the association between parental reports of dental anxiety (DA) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 731 8-year-old schoolchildren from the city of Curitiba, Brazil, who were clinically examined (k ≥ 0.75) for the diagnosis of MIH and dental caries using the EAPD criteria and dmft/DMFT index, respectively. Parents/guardians reported children's DA using the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) and answered a self-administered structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (P < 0.05). RESULTS A significant association was found between DA and MIH (PR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01-1.42; P = 0.038), but this association lost its significance when adjusted for the other characteristics (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 0.93-1.38; P = 0.215). Caries experience in primary teeth was associated with lower levels of DA (PR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.71-0.96; P = 0.0013). The most recent visit to the dentist due to pain increased the levels of DA (PR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07-1.30; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of MIH in schoolchildren was not associated with parental reports of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Dresch Portella
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Luiza Maximo Ramos
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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18
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Incidence of Dental Anxiety in Schoolchildren May Be Associated With Poor Oral Health, Unstable General Health, and Parental High Dental Anxiety. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2019; 19:210-212. [PMID: 31326060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Development of dental anxiety in schoolchildren: a 2-year prospective study. Soares FC, Lima RA, de Barros MVG, Dahllöf G, Colares V. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45(3):281-8. SOURCE OF FUNDING Information not available. CONFLICT OF INTEREST No reported conflicts of interest. TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Prospective cohort study.
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19
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Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030068. [PMID: 31266156 PMCID: PMC6784363 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate changes in dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and verify factors associated with DFA in children. A longitudinal cohort study that included 160 children aged 7 years was carried out. A questionnaire was completed by parents at two time points and evaluated the immigrant background, maternal education, whether the child had ever had toothache, and whether the parents had dental fear. The oral clinical examination evaluated decayed, extracted, and filled primary teeth (deft). The children’s fear survey schedule dental subscale (CFSS-DS) was used to assess the dental fear of the children. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions analyses were used. The CFSS-DS found that 7% of the children had dental fear at age 7 and mean CFSS-DS was 22.9. At 9 years of age, 8% reported dental fear and the mean increased to 25.4. Parental dental fear, experience of toothache, and report of painful dental treatment and caries development between 7 and 9 years of age were factors that were significantly related to development of DFA. There was a change in DFA between 7 and 9 years of age. Dental fear and anxiety is a dynamic process in growing individuals and is significantly related to painful symptoms and experiences of dental care as well as parental dental fear.
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Cademartori MG, Costa VPP, Corrêa MB, Goettems ML. The influence of clinical and psychosocial characteristics on children behaviour during sequential dental visits: a longitudinal prospective assessment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 21:43-52. [PMID: 31066016 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the first study to adopt a multilevel approach to assess the impact of the order of dental visits on child's behaviour. The aim was to investigate which factors directly interfere with child's behaviour regardless of the order of sequential dental visits. METHODS In this prospective longitudinal study, children aged 7-12 years were invited to participate. Child behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale during four sequential dental visits. Chi-square test was used to analyse the effect of dental fear on children's non-cooperative behaviour according to the presence of dental fear. Multilevel mixed logistic regression model was used to assess the association between predictor variables and the outcome (child behaviour) during the sequential dental visits. RESULTS Overall, 111 children participated in this study. Maternal dental anxiety, dental pain and complexity of the treatment were associated with the non-cooperative behaviour in children aged 7-12 years. When stratified by dental fear, the complexity of the treatment remained associated with non-cooperative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that, even with the familiarization of child with the dental environment, maternal dental anxiety, dental pain in the last month, and the complexity of dental treatment negatively affect the children's behaviour aged 7-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cademartori
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - V P P Costa
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M B Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Goettems
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- School of Dentistry (UFPel), 457, Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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21
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Pezzini Soares J, Cardoso M, Bolan M. Demystifying behaviour and dental anxiety in schoolchildren during endodontic treatment for primary teeth-controlled clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:249-256. [PMID: 30656782 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behaviour and anxiety of children are predictors of effective dental treatment. AIM Compare the behaviour and anxiety during preventive care, endodontic treatment, and dental extraction. DESIGN Controlled clinical trial was conducted with 99 children aged 6-9 years. The children were distributed among three groups: G1 (control)-prophylaxis and topical fluoride; G2 (intervention)-endodontic treatment; and G3 (intervention)-tooth extraction. Behaviour was measured using the Frankl scale. Dental anxiety was assessed using the modified Venham Picture Test and measured at three moments: before, during, and after the procedure. Caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing the child's previous dental experience. Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated examiner (Kappa > 0.70) for the identification of dental caries (d-dmft/D-DMFT). Statistical analysis involved repeated-measures Poisson regression, with level of significance was P < 0.05. RESULTS Neither negative behaviour nor anxiety was associated with the type of procedure. Negative behaviour was associated with the need for restraint during a previous dental appointment (P = 0.012). Dental anxiety was associated with age (P = 0.037), previous difficult behaviour (P < 0.001), moment of measurement (P < 0.001), and dental caries on permanent teeth (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Negative behaviour and dental anxiety in children were not associated with the type of treatment performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Pezzini Soares
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane Cardoso
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Bolan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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The synergic relationship of social anxiety, depressive symptoms and waist circumference in adolescents: Mediation analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:241-245. [PMID: 30414555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not well established whether depression leads to weight loss or weight gain, or whether a relationship exists among depression, social anxiety, and weight status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergic association among social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference (WC) during adolescence and examine whether depression mediated the relationship between social anxiety and WC. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with 1296 adolescents from a northeastern district in Brazil. It was used the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) to evaluate symptoms of social anxiety and the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) for symptoms of depression. Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether depression, social anxiety, and WC were synergically associated. Analysis was adjusted for sex, age, height, and mother's educational level. RESULTS Symptoms of social anxiety were directly associated with symptoms of depression and WC, whereas symptoms of depression were not associated with WC. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study, and so we cannot infer causality in the interpretation of results. CONCLUSION Social anxiety was found to be associated with depressive symptoms and WC. General medical doctors and health practitioners who observe overweight adolescents with any symptoms of anxiety might consider a thorough evaluation of the patient's mental health.
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Liu Y, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wu Q, Chen V, Xu X, Zhou X. Effect of audiovisual distraction on the management of dental anxiety in children: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:14-21. [PMID: 30362187 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Audiovisual distraction, a non-pharmacological intervention, has been used to manage dental anxiety in prior clinical trials. AIM Synthesize the available evidences to evaluate the efficacy of audiovisual distraction techniques on the management of dental anxiety in children. DESIGN Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase) were searched. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Information on reported anxiety, pain, behaviors, vital signs (including blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate), and children satisfaction was analyzed. RESULTS Nine studies were included for a systematic review, and none of them had low risk of bias. Significant differences in anxiety were found. According to the study, a majority of results indicated a significant difference in pain and behavior between the audiovisual and control group. Three studies reported children in the audiovisual group preferred usage of an audiovisual device for future dental visits. No significant differences could be found regarding blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS There is some low-quality evidence suggesting that the usage of audiovisual distraction during dental treatment may relieve children's dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyu Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Vivian Chen
- Fulbright Research Scholar to China, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yuan S, Humphris G, Ross A, MacPherson L, Zhou Y, Freeman R. A mixed-methods feasibility study protocol to assess the communication behaviours within the dental health professional-parent-child triad in a general dental practice setting. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:136. [PMID: 30123526 PMCID: PMC6088393 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The promotion of twice yearly application of fluoride varnish (FVA) to the teeth of pre-school children in the dental practice is one component of Scotland’s child oral health improvement programme (Childsmile). Nevertheless, evidence shows that application rates of FVA are variable and below optimal levels. The reasons are complex, with many contextual factors influencing activity. However, we propose that one possible reason may be related to the communication challenges when interacting with younger children. Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a video observational study in primary dental care. The secondary aim is to assess the communication behaviours of dental professionals and those of the parents to predict child cooperation when receiving FVA using this video observational study design. Methods Approximately 50 eligible pairs of parents and child patients aged between 2 years and 5 years from general dental practices will be recruited to participate in the study. The consecutive mixed-method study will consist of two parts. The first part will be cross-sectional observations of the dental health professional-child-parent communication during dental appointments conducted in the general dental practice setting, using video recording. The second part will be a post-observation, semi-structured interview with parents and dental health professionals respectively. This will be implemented to explore their views on the acceptability and feasibility of being observed using video cameras during treatment provision. Discussion The mixed-methods study will allow for directly observing the communication behaviours in the clinical setting and uncovering the views of participating dental health professionals and parents. Therefore, the study will enable us to [i] explore new ways to study the nature of triadic interaction of dental health professional-child-parent, [ii] identify dental health professionals’ effective communication behaviours that promote child patient and parent’s experience of using preventive dental service and [iii] to assess the feasibility of the study through uncovering the views of dental health professionals and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Yuan
- 1Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Gerry Humphris
- 2Health Psychology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Al Ross
- 3School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorna MacPherson
- 3School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yuefang Zhou
- 2Health Psychology, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- 1Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK.,4Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
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