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Saikia A, Muthu M, Shabeer Khan A, Chimera J, Dominguez M. Early diagnosis of early childhood caries: A simple novel tool (MAAC charts) for parents and caretakers. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:530-533. [PMID: 39070886 PMCID: PMC11278799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a condition associated with nearly 123 risk factors. Among all the risk factors, enamel defects or enamel hypoplasia (ED/EH) has been shown to be the primary risk factor. ED/EH comprises the earliest changes that manifest on newly erupted primary tooth surfaces soon after its eruption. ED/EH appears as white lines or patches, either as demarcated or diffuse opacities on the enamel surface. It is often observed on the labial and buccal surfaces of the newly erupted primary maxillary incisors. A simple self-report tool for mothers/caretakers, healthcare professionals, and primary care workers to diagnose early changes in ECC may facilitate early diagnosis. The MAAC chart was developed to prevent ECC in children with cleft lip and palate. These charts, primarily developed to educate parents, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and primary health care providers, illustrate the variations in ED/EH on the enamel surface (demarcated and diffuse opacities on various maxillary teeth) as a collage of pictures organized as incisors and canines. This paper describes a novel and simple, tool called 'MAAC charts' providing guidance on early signs of Early childhood caries (ECC) for health professionals, parents and caretakers. MAAC charts can be useful for Pediatric dentists while providing anticipatory guidance during early first dental visits in their office. Pediatric dentists can suggest paediatricians to use these MAAC charts, in vaccinations clinics and various in/out patient settings to provide oral health related anticipatory guidance. Pediatric dentists can use these MAAC charts in large scale public health campaigns focused on preventing ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saikia
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - M.S. Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aminah Shabeer Khan
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - J. Chimera
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Global Oral Health Programs, Smile Train Head Office, New York, USA
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Prieto-Regueiro B, Gómez-Santos G, Reichard-Monefeldt G, Diéguez-Pérez M. Caries indicators in relation to healthcare access and hygienic-dietary habits in Spanish preschoolers. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:736-748. [PMID: 38394062 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries continues to be a public healthcare problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. It was proposed to evaluate caries indicators in relation to healthcare access and hygienic-dietary habits in Spanish preschoolers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample consisting of 343 patients ranging from 3 to 5 years of age in the primary care setting, the main measurements were: dental care access, hygienic-dietary habits, and caries registration according to WHO criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of caries was 35.3% and mean ± standard deviation (SD) dft was 1.51 ± 2.93. Preschoolers who had ever visited the dentist had a higher dft occurrence than those who had never attended the dentist. The lower prevalence of caries was significantly associated with the frequency of two daily brushings versus non-daily brushing (p = 0.007; 25.3% vs. 47.1%) and was 10.7% lower in patients who had the habit of night brushing (p = 0.041). The consumption of sugary liquids between meals implied a higher dft index. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of early childhood caries and the dental care access associated with poor oral health suggest the need to implement a multidisciplinary oral healthcare program that involves both healthcare and dental healthcare professionals in Primary Health Care Units without forgetting the participation of the community and local administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gladys Gómez-Santos
- Health Promotion Service, General Directorate of Public Health of the Canary Islands Health Service, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reichard-Monefeldt
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preclinical Dentistry, Biomedical Sciences and Health Sciences Faculty, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Man VCW, Neelakantan P, Yiu CKY. The Prevalence of Candida albicans and Malassezia globosa in Preschool Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1359. [PMID: 38998894 PMCID: PMC11241614 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of Candida albicans and Malassezia globosa in children with severe early childhood caries and caries-free children in Hong Kong. Methods: This study first recruited a total of 80 children aged between 48 and 72 months old, 40 children with severe early childhood caries, and 40 caries-free children. The children were then further divided into four groups, with 20 children in each group: Group 1: Severe early childhood caries-C. albicans, Group 2: Severe early childhood caries-M. globosa, Group 3: Caries-free-C. albicans and Group 4: Caries-free-M. globosa. Saliva, plaque, and caries lesion samples were collected from participants with severe early childhood caries, while only saliva and plaque samples were collected from caries-free participants. Caries status of the primary molars was assessed using WHO's decayed, missing, and filled tooth index, and the severity of cavitated lesions was determined based on International Caries Diagnosis and Assessment System criteria as caries code 5 or 6. The samples were analyzed using an Internal Transcribed Space and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results:C. albicans was more prevalent in saliva and plaque samples of severe early childhood caries than in the caries-free group. Proportion of C. albicans in both saliva and plaque samples differed significantly between severe early childhood caries and caries-free groups (p < 0.05). Within the severe early childhood caries group, the proportion of children with C. albicans varied between 6 and 46%. No significant difference in M. globosa load was found between plaque samples of the severe early childhood caries and caries-free groups (p = 0.159). Conversely, no significant difference in M. globosa load was observed between saliva samples of severe early childhood caries and caries-free groups (p = 0.051). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a strong association between C. albicans and severe early childhood caries. M. globosa was detected in both the caries-free and severe early childhood caries groups, albeit at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C W Man
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lommi S, Leinonen J, Pussinen P, Furuholm J, Kolho KL, Viljakainen H. Burden of oral diseases predicts development of excess weight in early adolescence: a 2-year longitudinal study. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05663-8. [PMID: 38960905 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries, gingivitis, and excess weight are highly prevalent, interconnected chronic conditions. The association of oral health with the development of adiposity among children is sparsely addressed. We examined the association of oral health to the development of excess weight and central obesity in early adolescence during a 2-year follow-up period. This prospective study was conducted with 2702 children aged 9-12 years at baseline from the Finnish Health in Teens study. Their weight development was followed up for 2 years. Body mass index with age- and sex-specific cut-offs and the waist-height ratio indicated weight status and central obesity. Oral health data (caries experience and gingivitis/calculus) were collected from outpatient records of public dental services. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus was considered burden of oral diseases. Of the sample, 74% were caries-free but 70% exhibited gingivitis and/or calculus, and 20% had both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus. During the follow-up period, 5.3% (n = 124) and 4.7% (n = 118) of the children became overweight/obese or centrally obese, respectively. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus associated with the development of excess weight in a fully adjusted model (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03-2.97) but not of central obesity. Caries experience or gingivitis/calculus alone did not associate with adiposity development. CONCLUSION Having burden of oral diseases without excess weight at early adolescence could imply future weight gain; thus, normal-weight individuals with both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus could be targeted with preventive measures. Our findings warrant further research to explore whether oral diseases and the development of obesity merely share risk factors or if their relationship is of causal nature. WHAT IS KNOWN • Association of excess weight with caries experience and gingivitis is known to exist both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in children and adolescents. WHAT IS NEW • Burden of oral diseases, that is, having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus, was associated with becoming overweight or obese 2 years later during early adolescence. • Normal-weight individuals with burden of oral diseases at early adolescence could be targeted with preventive measures against excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohvi Lommi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Leinonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Furuholm
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sabbagh S, Moradi S, Haghi-Ashtiani G, Bakhtibekov G, Manaseki-Holland S, Ravaghi V. Parental acceptance of Silver Diamine Fluoride in two lower-middle-income countries: Iran and Tajikistan. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 38872123 PMCID: PMC11170867 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) may be an effective public health approach for managing dental caries in children. Parental acceptance of SDF has rarely been investigated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to evaluate parental acceptance of SDF to manage dental caries in children aged 2-12 in Iran and Tajikistan. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kurdistan province of Iran and Khatlon region of Tajikistan, 2022-2023. Parents watched a video about SDF and its weaknesses and strengths as compared to conventional approaches before completing the questionnaire. We also reported Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between parental acceptance and associated demographic factors as well as dental attitude and experience. RESULTS Participants were 245 and 160 parents in Iran and Tajikistan, respectively. In both countries, a majority (Iran: 61.6%, Tajikistan: 77.9%) accepted SDF over conventional treatments for all primary teeth. The majority also accepted SDF only for posterior permanent teeth (Iran: 73.5%, Tajikistan: 78.7%). Black discoloration was the main reason for rejecting SDF. Overall, demographic factors and dental experience and attitude were not significantly associated with SDF acceptance. CONCLUSIONS SDF was widely accepted by Iranian and Tajik parents. Establishing parental acceptance of SDF is an important step toward its application in LMICs where inexpensive solutions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Sabbagh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Moradi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gelareh Haghi-Ashtiani
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Samira Manaseki-Holland
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vahid Ravaghi
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Oliveros-Villarico M, Pungchanchaikul P, Watthanasaen S, Chaichit R, Pitiphat W. Prevalence and risk indicators of early childhood caries among toddlers in Caloocan City, Philippines: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:642. [PMID: 38816824 PMCID: PMC11141054 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited published data exist on early childhood caries (ECC) among children 2 years old and below. The study aimed to determine ECC prevalence and its association with socio-demographic indicators, feeding practices and oral health behaviours among children aged 2 years and below in the Philippines. METHODS A cross-sectional study observed young children aged 4-24 months in primary health centers. Each child's caregiver was interviewed and dental examinations were done on every child by one calibrated dentist using the ICDAS. Poisson regression using robust variance estimator analysis identified significant variables associated with ECC. RESULTS Seven hundred three healthy children were observed at a mean age of 13.3 ± 2.4 months. ECC prevalence was 29.2% (95% confidence interval: 26.0-32.7) among toddlers who showed a mean number of 6.7 ± 3.1 erupted teeth. Multiple regression revealed that child's age (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.07), caregiver's educational level (PR = 1.43), continued breastfeeding (PR = 1.36), frequent eating (PR = 1.24), visible plaque observed by the caregiver (PR = 1.34) and in the oral examination (PR = 2.90) were significant to ECC prevalence. CONCLUSIONS ECC is alarmingly prevalent in toddlers, marked by early onset and untreated decay. Prioritizing preventive measures in the first two years of life is crucial for understanding dietary impacts and promoting oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritess Oliveros-Villarico
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Subsection of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dental Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patimaporn Pungchanchaikul
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supatra Watthanasaen
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health Khon Kaen, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rajda Chaichit
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Ye J, Zhang F, Luo Z, Ou X. Comparative salivary proteomics analysis of children with and without early childhood caries using the DIA approach: A pilot study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e2400006. [PMID: 38769866 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the saliva of Early childhood caries (ECC) with different degrees of severity. METHODS The proteomic profiles of salivary of children with ECC of varying severity by data independent acquisition data independent acquisition (DIA) technique. A total of 12 preschool children aged 3-5 years were included in this study. RESULTS In this study, a total of 15,083 peptides and 1944 proteins were quantified; The results of DEPs screening showed that 34 DEPs were identified between the group H and the group LC, including 18 up-regulated proteins and 16 down-regulated proteins; 34 DEPs were screened between the group H and the group HC, including 17 up-regulated proteins and 17 down-regulated proteins; 42 DEPs were screened between the group LC and the group HC, including 18 up-regulated proteins and 24 down-regulated proteins. Among these DEPs, we screened several key proteins that may play a role in ECC, such as MK, histone H4, TGFβ3, ZG16B, MUC20, and SMR-3B. CONCLUSION Salivary proteins, as important host factors of caries, are differentially expressed between the saliva of ECC children and healthy children. Specific DEPs are expected to become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Ye
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouyuan Luo
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University & Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine & Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Deeden S, Vichayanrat T, Asvanund Y, Prapansilp W, Phonghanyudh A. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards ECC Prevention in Thai Medical Personnel. Int Dent J 2024; 74:253-259. [PMID: 37709644 PMCID: PMC10988251 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) amongst medical personnel in well-baby clinics (WBC). METHODS Participants were 152 health care professionals, including public health officers, nurses, and physicians, working in WBC in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Participants completed a 6-part online questionnaire asking about demographic data, knowledge and attitudes related to ECC, ECC prevention practices, collaboration, referral systems, and suggestions for improving collaboration between dental and medical personnel in WBC. RESULTS Whilst most participants had high levels of knowledge about oral care instructions, tooth brushing frequency, and cariogenic foods and beverages, they knew less about recommendations for timing of the first dental visit, fluoride concentration in toothpaste, and the time for exfoliation of primary teeth. There were significant differences in the proportions of correct answers to questions related to the first dental visit and bottle feeding and in total knowledge scores between physicians and other health care professionals. Most participants demonstrated a positive attitude towards ECC prevention. More than 70% of participants always advise parents on oral hygiene and nutrition related to ECC prevention, but only 29% always refer patients to see dental personnel. Attitudes, collaboration, and referral systems were significantly associated with ECC prevention practices, but not knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that attitudes, collaboration, and referral systems are key contributors to ECC prevention amongst Thai medical personnel. In addition to training programmes, consistent interprofessional policy and referral systems should be formulated, especially in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikarn Deeden
- Burapha University Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tippanart Vichayanrat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yuwadee Asvanund
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woranun Prapansilp
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Araya Phonghanyudh
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mahood E, Shahid M, Gavin N, Rahmann A, Tadakamadla SK, Kroon J. Theories, Models, Frameworks, Guidelines, and Recommendations for Trauma-Informed Oral Healthcare Services: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:869-884. [PMID: 37083276 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic life experiences (TLE) are common and can affect a person's physical being and health-related behaviors, including those related to oral health. This scoping review aimed to identify evidence exploring the implementation and provision of trauma-informed care (TIC) in oral health services delivery. METHODS Arksey and O'Malley's framework with enhancements proposed by Levac et al. and Peters et al. was used. Studies were selected based on a preset inclusion and exclusion criteria and the population/concept/context framework. Primary charting of descriptive data was conducted, followed by thematic analysis to identify ideas common within the included literature. Searches were conducted in Medline (via Ovid), APA PsycINFO (via Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus, CINAHL (via EBSCO), and Cochrane databases. Google Scholar and ProQuest were used to identify grey literature. RESULTS The search identified 251 records, with fifteen records meeting the inclusion criteria. Limited models, frameworks, and recommendations for trauma-informed practices in oral health services were identified. Recommendations for TIC practices were identified, and clinical practice adjustments for dental practitioners were described to improve service delivery for patients who may have experienced trauma. Avenues for future research were identified. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence exists to guide trauma-informed practice in oral health service delivery. This scoping review highlights the need for further research into approaches and practices of TIC for oral health services delivery to assess their efficacy and the need to develop evidence-based TIC frameworks to meet the unique needs of oral health service providers and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mahood
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
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Mathias FB, Cademartori MG, Buffarini R, Barros F, Bertoldi AD, Demarco FF, Goettems ML. Breastfeeding, consumption of ultraprocessed foods, and dental caries at 4 years of age: A birth cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:103-113. [PMID: 37171456 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort studies have demonstrated an association between prolonged and/or frequent breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC). AIM To investigate the association between prolonged breastfeeding and ECC at 48 months, while considering the interaction between prolonged breastfeeding and ultraprocessed foods (UPF). DESIGN Data from a birth cohort study conducted in southern Brazil were used (n = 3645). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the influence of breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of caries. To measure the interaction on the additive scale between breastfeeding and UPF consumption on the prevalence and experience of ECC, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated. RESULTS Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with higher prevalence (PR = 1.82; CI:1.59-2.08) and experience (RR = 2.47; CI:1.97-3.10) of ECC. Greater prevalence (PR = 1.16; CI: 1.04-1.30) and experience of ECC (RR = 1.22; CI: 1.00-1.48) were found in children who had high consumption of UPFs. Negative RERIs were observed for the prevalence and experience of ECC (-0.25 and -0.001). CONCLUSION High UPF consumption and prolonged breastfeeding were associated with ECC. No interaction, however, was observed, showing that the two exposures have independent effects. To prevent ECC, policies and programs are needed to support breastfeeding until the age of 2 years and to limit the consumption of UPF.
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Palankalieva A, Belcheva-Krivorova A. Silver compounds used in pediatric dentistry for caries arrest: A review of current materials and new technologies. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:19-25. [PMID: 38426461 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver compounds have been used in medicine and dentistry for centuries. Their use in pediatric dentistry has long been restricted because of some drawbacks, chief among them being the discoloration of teeth with black stains. However, recent advances in technology have resulted in the development of new silver agents that do not have the limitations of previously used ones. This led to the reintroduction of silver compounds in pediatric dentistry. The aim of the present review was to examine the evidence supporting the therapeutic use of silver compounds in pediatric dentistry for caries arrest, as well as the mode of action and biocompatibility, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different silver-containing agents.
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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Mehra M, K S, Kumar B H, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Murti K, Pai KSR, Kumar N. The fluorosis conundrum: bridging the gap between science and public health. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:214-235. [PMID: 37921264 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2268722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis, a chronic condition brought on by excessive fluoride ingestion which, has drawn much scientific attention and public health concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of scientific research elucidating the causes, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for fluorosis, there remains a significant gap between scientific understanding and public health implementation. While the scientific community has made significant strides in understanding the etiology and prevention of fluorosis, effectively translating this knowledge into public health policies and practices remains challenging. This review explores the gap between scientific research on fluorosis and its practical implementation in public health initiatives. It suggests developing evidence-based guidelines for fluoride exposure and recommends comprehensive educational campaigns targeting the public and healthcare providers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further research to fill the existing knowledge gaps and promote evidence-based decision-making. By fostering collaboration, communication, and evidence-based practices, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public can work together to implement preventive measures and mitigate the burden of fluorosis on affected communities. This review highlighted several vital strategies to bridge the gap between science and public health in the context of fluorosis. It emphasizes the importance of translating scientific evidence into actionable guidelines, raising public awareness about fluoride consumption, and promoting preventive measures at individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Manmeet Mehra
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saranya K
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Harish Kumar B
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
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Souza TF, Leonel Martins M, Jural LA, Maciel IP, Magno MB, da Silva Coqueiro R, Pithon MM, Leal SC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, Maia LC. Brazilian dentist's knowledge of minimum intervention dentistry for caries management: application of a developed knowledge scale (MIDDeC-KS) and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:27-38. [PMID: 37770814 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the knowledge of Brazilian dentists about Minimum Intervention (MI) using a Minimum Intervention Dentistry to Dental Caries-Knowledge Scale (MIDDeC-KS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online scale was developed to evaluate dentists' knowledge about MI. The higher the score, the greater the knowledge and vice versa. A preliminary study was carried out with 143 dentists to validate the MIDDeC-KS. For psychometric properties analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the instrument were assessed. After validation, MIDDeC-KS was applied to a representative sample of Brazilian dentists. T test for independent samples, Chi-square, and/or ANOVA one-way tests were applied. RESULTS The MIDDeC-KS convergent (Spearman's = 0.48) and discriminant (P = 0.001) validity and reliability (ICC = 0.85, α = 0.72 and ω = 0.74) were proved. The participants (n = 637) obtained an overall mean score of 7.4 ± 2.5. The sample was mainly composed of females (P < 0.01), who graduated over 10 years prior (P = 0.02), from public colleges (P < 0.01), and most were pediatric dentists (38.2%). The highest and lowest scores were reached by pediatric dentists (9.2 ± 1.6) and bucomaxillofacial professionals (3.1 ± 2.1), respectively. Brazilian dentists demonstrated more knowledge about diet, biofilm, and topical fluoride control (84.3%), while the Hall technique (31.9%), resin infiltrant (47.6%), and chemical mechanical caries removal (48.4%) were the least known MI techniques. CONCLUSION Brazilian dentists demonstrated more knowledge about preventive measures and less about more recent protocols, such as the Hall technique, resin infiltrant, and chemical mechanical caries tissue removal. Sufficient psychometric evidence of the MIDDeC-KS was found. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identify dentist's knowledge about MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - M Leonel Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - L A Jural
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - I P Maciel
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M B Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - R da Silva Coqueiro
- Department of Health I, Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M M Pithon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - S C Leal
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil
| | - L C Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-971, Brazil.
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Min SN, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Detsomboonrat P. Self-reported oral health-related quality of life and caries experiences of 5-year-old children in Mandalay, Myanmar. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38184546 PMCID: PMC10771686 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the impact of dental caries and other potential socio-demographic factors on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children from Myanmar. This was done using the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) as reported by both the children and their parents. METHODS A structured questionnaire was conducted to collect demographic information about the children and their caregivers, as well as socioeconomic data. The OHRQoL was assessed by interviewing the children and their parents using the Myanmar versions of SOHO-5c and SOHO-5p, respectively. Caries experience was assessed by two calibrated examiners and recorded using the dmft index. The Poisson regression model was adopted to investigate the association between OHRQoL and dental caries including socioeconomic factors. RESULTS A total of 454 pairs participated in the study. Among them, 64% of children and 70% of parents reported a negative impact on OHRQoL (with SOHO-5c and SOHO-5p scores exceeding 0). The mean score (SD) of the child self-report and parental version of the SOHO-5 was 1.86 (2.27) and 2.65 (3.13), respectively. Difficulties in eating and sleeping were the most commonly reported by both children and parents. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 87% (mean dmft score:5.59, SD:4.65). The final multivariate-adjusted model revealed that children with higher caries experiences were more likely to have lower OHRQoL for both child self-report (RR 4.38, 95% CI 3.16-6.14, p < 0.001) and parental report (RR 6.07, 95% CI 4.38-8.41, p < 0.001), respectively. A lower family income had a negative impact on the children's OHRQoL in child self-report (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.26-2.04, p < 0.001) and parental report (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19-1.78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Two-thirds of the study children and their parents perceived the negative impact on children's OHRQoL. Higher caries experience and lower family income were associated with poorer OHRQoL of 5-year-old Myanmar children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Nay Min
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Palinee Detsomboonrat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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15
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Gudipaneni RK, Alsirhani MAR, Alruwaili MRS, Alharbi AKK, Alftaikhah SAA, Almaeen SH, Manchery N. Socio-behavioural determinants associated with the first dental visit in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:85-93. [PMID: 37354096 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Oral health is an integral component of overall well-being, understanding the age at which children have their first dental visit (FDV) and the socio-behavioural factors influencing these visits is essential for improving oral health outcomes in children. AIM This study aimed to determine the age at which Saudi children had their FDV and the socio-behavioural predictors associated with these visits in Al Jouf Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used a multistage stratified random sampling technique to invite 566 parents/guardians of schoolchildren aged 12 years or younger. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify socio-behavioural variables that predict children's FDV. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Most FDVs in children occurred between the ages of 6 and 10 years. More than half of the participants stated that FDVs occurred primarily because of dental pain. Furthermore, educated mothers reported a higher frequency of dental visits for their children. Children with a low family income were 63% (95% confidence interval 0.16-0.83; p = .015) less likely to visit a dentist between the ages of 1 and 5 years. CONCLUSION First dental visits in children in Al Jouf Province typically occurred between the ages of 6 and 10 years, with dental pain being the main reason. Parents' or caregiver's relationships with children, parental age and familial income were identified as predictors of the FDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Musab Redha S Alruwaili
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saud Hamdan Almaeen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nithin Manchery
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Malas N, Kochaji C, Soukkarieh C, Almonakel MB, Alzoubi H. Association of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth With HLA Class II Gene Among Syrian Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e53081. [PMID: 38414691 PMCID: PMC10897358 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Numerous studies have shown that there is evidence that genetic factors contribute in different ways to the occurrence of caries lesions, and the multiple differences in the human leucocytes antigen (HLA) gene patterns play an important role in the body's immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between some HLA class II alleles (HLA-DR4, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ4) and early childhood caries (ECC) occurrence in Syrian children. Materials and methods The study included 80 children aged three to six, divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 40) being severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children (deft ≥ 10) and Group 2 (n = 40) being free caries children (deft = 0). The genomic DNAs were extracted and collected by taking a buccal swab using a sterile metal strip and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction-single specific primer (PCR-SSP) and then HLA-typing was performed for all alleles. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of S-ECC, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DQ2 alleles (p = 0.626, 0.256 respectively), while the incidence of S-ECC was associated with the DQ4 allele (p = 0.012). Conclusion HLA class II molecules may play a crucial role in predisposing to ECC, since positive HLA-DQ4 may enhance the chance of developing ECC. However, no association were found between (HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ2) and ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassouh Malas
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Chaza Kochaji
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | | | - Hasan Alzoubi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
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Abdulrahim R, Splieth CH, Mourad MS, Vielhauer A, Khole MR, Santamaría RM. Silver Diamine Fluoride Renaissance in Paediatric Dentistry: A 24-Month Retrospective and Cross-Sectional Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:16. [PMID: 38276050 PMCID: PMC10820628 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been incorporated into the treatment of dental caries in children, mainly in countries with high caries prevalence. In Europe, however, SDF started to gain popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SDF and to evaluate dentists'/parents' acceptance of SDF use in paediatric patients treated in a German university setting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with SDF between 2017 and 2020 was carried out. Only teeth with no reported clinical/radiographic evidence of irreversible pulpal inflammation were included. The outcome measures were success, minor failures (caries progression, reversible pulpitis) and major failures (irreversible pulpitis, abscess). The treatment acceptance by dentists and the parents of SDF-treated children was cross-sectionally evaluated using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. Results: A total of 93 patients (mean age 5.3 ± 2.9 years) with 455 treated teeth (418 primary/91.9%; 37 permanent/8.1%) were included and followed up for up to 24 months (19.9 ± 10.5 months). SDF was used for dental caries (98.2%) and hypersensitivity relief on MIH teeth (1.8%). Most teeth did not show any failure (total success 84.2%). A total of 5 teeth (1.1%) showed minor failures, and 67 teeth (14.7%) showed major failures (p = 0.001). Success/failure rates were not affected by patient compliance, gender, dentition, or operator (p > 0.05). In total, 30 questionnaires were collected from parents (mean age 36.8 ± 6.4 years). SDF was applied on anterior (n = 2/6.7%), posterior (n = 15/50%) and anterior/posterior teeth (n = 13/43.3%). At the 1-week follow-up, 80% of parents noticed black teeth discoloration. Treatment satisfaction was higher for posterior (95.2%) than for anterior teeth (36.4%; p < 0.001). In the 27 responses from clinicians, SDF was generally considered a viable option in paediatric dentistry (n = 23; 85%). Conclusions: SDF was found to be effective and well-accepted by parents and dentists for caries inactivation in a paediatric dentistry German university setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Abdulrahim
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Christian H. Splieth
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Mhd Said Mourad
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annina Vielhauer
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Manasi R. Khole
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ruth M. Santamaría
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (R.A.); (C.H.S.); (M.S.M.); (A.V.); (M.R.K.)
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O'Connell LM, Mann AE, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Blouin T, Soule A, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Burne RA, Coker MO, Richards VP. Supragingival mycobiome of HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children reflects a stronger correlation with caries-free-associated taxa compared to HIV-infected or uninfected children. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0149123. [PMID: 37874172 PMCID: PMC10715047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01491-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Globally, caries is among the most frequent chronic childhood disease, and the fungal component of the microbial community responsible is poorly studied despite evidence that fungi contribute to increased acid production exacerbating enamel demineralization. HIV infection is another global health crisis. Perinatal HIV exposure with infection are caries risk factors; however, the caries experience in the context of perinatal HIV exposure without infection is less clear. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we find taxonomic differences that become pronounced during late-stage caries. Notably, we show a stronger correlation with health-associated taxa for HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children when compared to unexposed and uninfected children. This aligns with a lower incidence of caries in primary teeth at age 6 or less for exposed yet uninfected children. Ultimately, these findings could contribute to improved risk assessment, intervention, and prevention strategies such as biofilm disruption and the informed design of pro-, pre-, and synbiotic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Blouin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashlyn Soule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozoemene Obuekwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Omoigberale
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Robert A. Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Krause L, Seeling S, Schienkiewitz A, Fuchs J, Petrakakis P. Chewing ability and associated factors in older adults in Germany. Results from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:988. [PMID: 38071318 PMCID: PMC10709899 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral well-being is an important component of general well-being and quality of life, as it is greatly influenced by the ability to chew and speak, and thus by central factors of social interaction. Because quality of life and participation are important factors for health in older age, the aim of this article was to examine the chewing ability, including associated factors, for the older population in Germany on the basis of a nationally representative sample. METHODS Database is the German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS), a population based cross-sectional survey of the Robert Koch Institute. In the telephone interview, participants aged 55 years and older were asked: "Do you have difficulty biting and chewing on hard foods such as a firm apple? Would you say 'no difficulty', 'some difficulty', 'a lot of difficulty' or 'cannot do at all/ unable to do'?" Prevalences and multivariate prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from log-Poisson regressions. Sociodemographic, health-, behavioral- and care-related characteristics were investigated as associated factors. RESULTS The analyses were based on data from 12,944 participants (7,079 women, 5,865 men). The proportion of people with reduced chewing ability was 20.0%; 14.5% had minor difficulty, 5.5% had major difficulty. There were no differences between women and men. The most important associated factors for reduced chewing ability were old age (PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1), low socioeconomic status (PR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7-2.5), limitations to usual activities due to health problems (PR 1.9, 1.6-2.2), depressive symptoms (PR 1.7, 1.5-2.1), daily smoking (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.8), low dental utilization (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.9), and perceived unmet needs for dental care (PR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.1). CONCLUSIONS One fifth of adults from 55 years of age reported reduced chewing ability. Thus, this is a very common functional limitation in older age. Reduced chewing ability was associated with almost all investigated characteristics. Therefore, its prevention requires a holistic view in the living environment and health care context of older people. Given that chewing ability influences quality of life and social participation, maintaining or improving chewing ability is important for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krause
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin, 12101, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Seeling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin, 12101, Germany
| | - Anja Schienkiewitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin, 12101, Germany
| | - Judith Fuchs
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin, 12101, Germany
| | - Pantelis Petrakakis
- Federal Association of Dentists of the Public Health Service, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Shan Z, Liao C, Lu J, Yeung CPW, Li KY, Gu M, Chu CH, Yang Y. Improvement of parents' oral health knowledge by a school-based oral health promotion for parents of preschool children: a prospective observational study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:890. [PMID: 37985988 PMCID: PMC10662391 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of preschool children have inadequate oral health knowledge in Hong Kong. Parents play a critical role in preschool children's dietary patterns and oral health behaviors. A school-based oral health promotion (OHP) for parents of preschoolers was developed and investigated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the school-based OHP for parents of preschool children on parents' oral health knowledge and preschool children's early childhood caries (ECC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study. Parents of preschool children were divided into the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG) according to their own selection. Parents in the IG participated in a structured school-based OHP workshop, while those in the CG did not attend the OHP workshop. Parents in both groups were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing their oral health knowledge before (T0), one month after (T1), and twelve months after (T2) the OHP workshop. Preschool children's caries was examined via dmft score at T0 and T2. RESULTS Parents' oral health knowledge was negatively correlated with preschool children's dmft scores (R = -0.200, P < 0.001). Oral health knowledge was significantly improved in IG (P < 0.001) but not in CG (P = 0.392) at T1. Both groups experienced a significant improvement in oral health knowledge from T0 to T2 (P < 0.001). Parents' oral health knowledge in the IG was significantly higher compared to the CG at T1 (P < 0.001), but difference in the scores at T2 between the two groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.727). No significant difference was found in changes in children's dmft score from T0 to T2 between the IG and CG (p = 0.545). CONCLUSION Preschool children's high ECC is associated with the limited oral health knowledge of their parents. The school-based OHP workshop for parents increased parents' oral health knowledge within one month. This positive effect was maintained for twelve months and can be extended to a larger scale in the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Shan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chongshan Liao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajing Lu
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Kar Yan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Gu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Feldens CA, Alvarez L, Acevedo AM, Cepeda V, Chirife MT, Gálvez CA, Dezan-Garbelini C, Gudiño-Fernández S, Martignon S, Pérez V, Paiva SM, Zambrano O, Zelada D, Villena R. Early-life sugar consumption and breastfeeding practices: a multicenter initiative in Latin America. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e104. [PMID: 38055522 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicenter study was to explore the early-life sugar consumption and dietary practices in Latin America as well as to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the age at which foods and beverages with added sugars are introduced. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 1- to 3-year-old children from 10 Latin American countries, as a complementary study to the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region (OICAL). A Food Frequency Questionnaire previously tested in different countries was applied to children's mothers and data on breastfeeding and age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was collected. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test and Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of crude and adjusted mean ratios (MR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). The average age at introduction of sugary foods and beverages was 10.1 months (95%CI 9.7-10.4) and 9.6 (95%CI 9.2-9.9) months, respectively, with a significant variation between countries (p < 0.001). The average daily frequency of sugary foods-beverages was 3.3 times per day (95%CI 3.1-3.5) and varied significantly between countries (p = 0.004). Breastfeeding duration of over six months was associated with an increase in the age of introduction of sweet drinks (16%; MR 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.28) and foods (21%; MR 1.21; 95%CI 1.10-1.33). In conclusion, most children from vulnerable settings in Latin America start consuming sugary products in the first year of life and a high frequency of consumption was reported through early childhood. Additionally, breastfeeding contributes to a delay in the introduction of sugary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Ulbra, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Licet Alvarez
- Universidad de la República Uruguay - Udelar, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana María Acevedo
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Dental Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Veronica Cepeda
- Universidad Internacional del Ecuador - Uide, Faculty of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maria Teresa Chirife
- Universidad Autónoma del Paraguay, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Sylvia Gudiño-Fernández
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Pediatric Dentistry Master, San José Postgraduate Study Sistem, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Vidal Pérez
- Universidad de Talca, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Talca, Chile
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Olga Zambrano
- Universidad del Zulia, Institute of Dental Research, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Diana Zelada
- Universidad San Martin de Porres - USMP, Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Lima, Perú
| | - Rita Villena
- Universidad San Martin de Porres - USMP, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lima, Perú
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22
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Abreu-Placeres N, Ekstrand KR, Garrido LE, Bakhshandeh A, Martignon S. An interdisciplinary intervention program to prevent early childhood caries in the Dominican Republic. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1176439. [PMID: 37771469 PMCID: PMC10527370 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1176439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The principal aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to test the effectiveness in the prevention of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) through an educational intervention program with the use of a printed guide for pediatricians and parents both designed by pediatric dentists. Materials and methods After ethical approval, the first step was to design the educational guides, which were based on the information obtained from a focus group with pediatricians (n = 3), phone interviews with mothers to toddlers' (n = 7), and the best evidence available about children's oral health. For the RCT, 309 parents with their 10-12 months old children were randomly allocated to either the intervention or the control group. Parents in the intervention group received oral health education from the pediatricians supported by the printed guides. Parents in both groups received an oral health kit with a toothbrush and toothpaste at the first visit as well as at each 6-month follow-up visit. After 18 months the children were evaluated using ICDAS criteria. Results At baseline, data were available from 309 children (49.8% girls). The mean age of the children was of 10.8 months (SD = 0.8) and 69.3% had not had their teeth brushed with toothpaste. After 18 months, a total of 28 (22%) children in the intervention group and 44 (24%) in the control group were clinically examined. Regarding the number of tooth surfaces with caries lesions, the children in the intervention group had a mean of 6.50 (SD = 6.58) surfaces, while the children in the control group had a mean of 5.43 (SD = 4.74) surfaces with caries lesions. This difference was not significant (p = 0.460). Conclusion The RCT showed no effectiveness in caries-progression control. Despite this result, this study managed to identify barriers that do not allow pediatricians from offering parents adequate oral health recommendations. With this learning, it is possible to work on collaborative programs with pediatricians that over time likely will increase dental health by controlling for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoska Abreu-Placeres
- Research Area Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center (CIBO-Unibe), Research and Innovation Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Kim Rud Ekstrand
- Research Area Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luis Eduardo Garrido
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Azam Bakhshandeh
- Research Area Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA—Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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23
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Lembacher S, Hofer V, Bekes K. The Impact of Dental Pain on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Preschool Children in Austria. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5906. [PMID: 37762847 PMCID: PMC10532059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pain in children is a global public health burden with psychosocial and economic implications, challenging families and pediatric dentists in daily clinical practice. Previous studies have addressed the exclusive impact of either caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, or socioeconomic status on OHRQoL. Even though such examples can surely cause dental pain in children, so far only little research on the correlation of dental pain as a general symptom of different underlying causes and OHRQoL has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental pain on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between the ages of 0 and 6 years old and subsequently compare the results to a control group free of tooth ache. Children and their adult caregivers were recruited from the Emergency unit of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Clinic of Dentistry in Vienna. The caregivers completed the German version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G). Afterwards, the children were clinically examined. The cause for dental pain, dmf-t index, and plaque accumulation were collected. In total, 259 children with a mean age of 4.2 years (SD ± 1.5 years) were included in the study group. Their mean ECOHIS-G score was 9.0 (SD ± 7.4), while the control group only amounted to a score of 4.9 (SD ± 5.6). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in both ECOHIS-G subsections, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS) as well as the ECOHIS-G sum score (p < 0.05). Dmf-t index and plaque accumulation significantly correlated with CIS and ECOHIS sum score (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in quality of life was nearly twice as great in the children with dental pain as in the control children. The ECOHIS-G is a valid instrument for measuring the OHRQoL of children with dental pain between the ages of 0 to 6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrin Bekes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.); (V.H.)
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24
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Thwin KM, Takehara S, Kawaguchi Y, Ogawa H. Maternal Factors in Relation to Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children in Myanmar. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:437-440. [PMID: 37635395 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231197900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Yangon City in 2016-2017 to investigate the association between their caries experience and maternal factors. Children's oral examination and questionnaire surveys to their mothers were conducted. Children's caries prevalence was 82.9% with mean dmft of 6.4 ± 4.9. Mean oral health knowledge score of their mothers was 8.5 ± 2.8. Mother's educational level and oral health knowledge were significant predictors of childhood caries. Third- or later-born children were twice more likely to have dental caries than first-born children (P = .022). Mother's regular dental check-up resulted in significantly lower odds ratios for caries development in her child. Children's caries experience was high and mother's oral health knowledge regarding the importance of primary teeth was unsatisfactory. It is, therefore, necessary to improve awareness and attentiveness for prevention of childhood caries among parents and guardians in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaung Myat Thwin
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sachiko Takehara
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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25
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Praxedes RCS, Gubert FDA, Sousa GDB, Castro Júnior ARD, Martins MC, Alves RDS, Beserra EP, Vieira-Meyer APGF. Oral health in childhood: construction and validation of an instrument on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:2203-2214. [PMID: 37531529 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023288.07042023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to develop and validate a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) instrument for caregivers of children up to 36 months of age monitored by the Family Health Strategy. This methodological study was conducted in three stages: an integrative review, preparation of the initial version, and content validation by 29 judges. The instrument was validated for content and appearance. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the FINN and Gwe-AC1 coefficients were calculated to assess inter-judge agreement. The overall CVI values of the 39-item instrument were: Clarity (0.91) and Relevance (0.95). The final version was obtained through 19 knowledge, 10 attitude, and 10 practice questions on caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, artificial feeding, milk teeth, and the need to take the baby to the dentist. The instrument produced can be used because it has the potential for use depending on the more global assessment of its psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiane do Amaral Gubert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Fortaleza CE Brasil
| | - Gyzelda de Barros Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Fortaleza CE Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Eveline Pinheiro Beserra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Fortaleza CE Brasil
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26
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Ludovichetti FS, Zuccon A, Cantatore D, Zambon G, Girotto L, Lucchi P, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Early Childhood Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Single-Session Therapy Under General Anesthesia. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:834-839. [PMID: 36307112 PMCID: PMC10569832 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the treatment of ECC, performed in a single-session dental treatment under general anesthesia, can affect the quality of life of pediatric patients. It was assessed whether risks and discomforts involved in SSGA are outweighed by its effectiveness and reliability in improving oral health-related quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quality of life that was assessed in this prospective study was oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL). Pediatric patients aged between 3 and 6 years with ECC undergoing dental treatment in SSGA were asked to fill in the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) form both before and 1 month after the intervention. The data obtained were then statistically elaborated and analyzed to evaluate the actual significance of the differences found between the values before and after treatment and between the two sexes. RESULTS Mean ECOHIS score before treatment was 30.58, following a large decrease after treatment, with a mean score of 2.94. Most parameters show a significant improvement between pre- and post-SSGA treatments, mainly those related to oral-dental pain, daytime irritability, and impact on family environment. Average ECOHIS scores for males and females are 31.72 and 29.76 before treatment and 3.55 and 2.52 1 month after treatment, respectively, showing no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION The dental treatment of young children under SSGA is associated with considerable improvement in their OHRQL. It can be considered an effective and reliable way of managing cases that cannot be dealt with by alternative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Zuccon
- Dentistry Section, Department of Neurosciences, , Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Cantatore
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Orale e Odontostomatologia, Ospedale S. Lorenzo, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Zambon
- Dentistry Section, Department of Neurosciences, , Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Girotto
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Orale e Odontostomatologia, Ospedale S. Lorenzo, Trento, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lucchi
- Dentistry Section, Department of Neurosciences, , Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Dentistry Section, Department of Neurosciences, , Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Dentistry Section, Department of Neurosciences, , Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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27
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Nikolovski J, Chapman EE, Widmer RP, Ayer JG. Investigating the scope and costs of dental treatment provided under general anaesthesia among children with congenital heart disease. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:885-889. [PMID: 37067153 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the types of dental treatment provided under general anaesthesia for children diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD), quantify the costs within a publicly funded tertiary paediatric hospital setting and identify factors which affect the cost. METHODS A retrospective analysis of dental records (July 2015 to June 2019) was conducted for children with CHD who had undergone a dental general anaesthetic procedure at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia. Patient and treatment-related information were collected, and a costing analysis was performed on 89 dental general anaesthetic procedures. RESULTS Mean age at the time of the general anaesthetic was 8.15 years. About 27% of children with CHD had a history of dental infection. Dental extractions and restorations comprised the majority of treatments provided, with extractions performed in 86% of procedures. The mean number of days in hospital was 1.43 and the mean cost was $4395.14. The cost was significantly greater when children presented with a facial swelling compared to any other reason. CONCLUSIONS Dental extractions are performed in the majority of general anaesthetics. Not only is there an economic burden to the public health system in providing dental treatment under general anaesthesia for children with CHD, the health impacts also appear to be substantial. A considerable proportion required overnight hospitalisation and days in hospital was strongly related to the cost of the dental general anaesthetic. Systematic referral pathways for accessing dental care are an important consideration for children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nikolovski
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily E Chapman
- The Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard P Widmer
- Paediatric Dental Department, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian G Ayer
- The Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Ali NIM, Marhazlinda J. Geo-Mapping of the Spatial Accessibility to Public Oral Health Facilities among Schoolchildren in Selangor, Malaysia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101405. [PMID: 37239694 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial accessibility to health services influences service utilisation and eventually impacts the disease burden. This cross-sectional study analysed the spatial accessibility of schoolchildren to public oral health facilities and school dental services (SDS) and vice versa in Selangor. Overlay and proximity analysis from geo-mapping software was employed to map the primary dental clinics with SDS, the public schools, and the proximity between primary dental clinics with SDS and public schools by travelling distance (5 km, 10 km, 20 km) and travelling time (15 min, 30 min). Over half of the schoolchildren in Selangor are within 5 km of accessibility to primary dental clinics and SDS teams. Meanwhile, nearly half of the primary and secondary schools, particularly in rural areas, are located within a more than 5 km service area of public oral health facilities. The SDS teams have a travel burden of more than 20 km to the public schools in Selangor's northern and north-western districts of large geographical areas. Simultaneously, most public primary and secondary schools are within 15 min of driving time from primary dental clinics. Geo-mapping highlights the inequalities in spatial accessibility to public oral health facilities with SDS among schoolchildren in Selangor. It is time to prioritise the resources, SDS, and preventive programmes to reduce inequalities in oral health accessibility among schoolchildren in Selangor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Mohamad Ali
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Marhazlinda
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Community Oral Health Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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29
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de Magalhães Bandeira C, Cascaes AM, Camargo MBJ, Santos IS, de Castilhos ED, Corrêa MB, Matijasevich A, Silva AER. Parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents: analysis of data from a birth cohort study in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00797-z. [PMID: 37052793 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyze the association between parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents in southern Brazil using data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. METHODS Interviews and oral health examinations for the determination of the main exposure and outcome of the study were performed in the homes of the adolescents. The outcome was dental caries experience in the permanent dentition analyzed using the Decayed, Missing and Filling Surfaces (DMFS) index. The main exposure was parental stress measured using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form administered to the parents of the adolescents. Demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, oral health characteristics and oral health-related quality of life were considered potential confounding factors. Negative binomial regressions estimated mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-six adolescents were evaluated at 12 and 13 years of age. The prevalence of dental caries experience in the adolescents was 36.9% (95% CI: 33.8-40.0) and 15.1% (95% CI: 12.8-17.3) of the parents had parental stress. After adjusting for confounding factors, parental stress was associated with a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filling surfaces in the adolescents (MR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Adolescents of parents with parental stress have more dental caries experience compared to those whose parents do not have parental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Magalhães Bandeira
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A M Cascaes
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M B J Camargo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - I S Santos
- Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E D de Castilhos
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Corrêa
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A E R Silva
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, 5th Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Khairinisa S, Setiawati F, Maharani DA, Darwita RR. Validity of mother-child self-perceived oral health for the assessment of 5 years old children's oral health in Indonesia. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 36966296 PMCID: PMC10039489 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious condition that has a negative impact on young children's quality of life. Mothers' perceived need for oral health care plays an important role in their children's oral health behavior. This study aimed to compare mother and child self-perceived and dentist-evaluated needs for oral health care. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 266 preschool children aged 5 years old and their mothers. A self-administered questionnaire to the mothers and interviews with the children were used to assess the perceived needs of oral health care. The mothers were asked to rate their children's oral health and determine if they needed dental treatment. The children were also asked how they felt about their oral health and whether they had any tooth decay. Agreement between mother and child regarding the child's oral health was assessed. The evaluated needs were assessed clinically using the dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth [primary dentition]) and pufa (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess [primary dentition]) indices. The perceived and evaluated needs were compared using spearman analysis to determine their correlations and the validity of the perceived needs compared to the clinical examination was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), and likelihood ratio (LR). RESULTS The prevalence rate of ECC was 89.4%, with 35% having at least one condition from untreated caries (pufa > 0). Mothers and children have a fair agreement regarding the child's oral health (ICC = 0.335). When comparisons were conducted between perceived and evaluated conditions, Mother's rating about their child's oral health showed the strongest correlation to dmft index (r = 0.372; p < 0.001). Several accuracy parameters done in this study (AUC, Sn, and Sp) did not meet the acceptable threshold. The sensitivity and specificity were the highest when comparing mothers' perceived need for their child's dental treatment to the dmft index (Sn = 96.7%) and pufa index (Sp = 88.1%), respectively. CONCLUSION Compared to the dentist's assessment, the mother and child self-reported oral health statuses showed lower accuracy in assessing the child's condition. But, the mothers in this study were better than their 5-year-old children at perceiving their child's oral health care needs. As a result, these subjective assessments can be used as a complement, but not as a substitute, to the actual clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safira Khairinisa
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febriana Setiawati
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Ayu Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Risqa Rina Darwita
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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31
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Hijaz A, Altinawi MK, Katbeh I, Gergos E, Alhamzah G. Comparison of the Pull-Out Resistance of Grossly Decayed Primary Anterior Teeth Restored With Two Different Intracanal Posts: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e35643. [PMID: 37009392 PMCID: PMC10065127 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severely damaged primary anterior teeth that require pulp therapy present a high risk of failure due to the loss of tooth substance, resulting from pre-existing decay and endodontic therapy. The ideal post material should have physical and mechanical properties similar to those of dentin. Another concern in restoring endodontically treated primary teeth is the need to find a material that can resorb similar to the natural tooth structure as a part of the exfoliation process, allowing normal eruption of permanent successors. Accordingly, there is no such material other than dentin itself. The introduction of biological dentin posts offers an excellent alternative for restoring such teeth. This study aimed to assess the effect of using dentin posts on the pull-out resistance of endodontically treated primary anterior teeth in comparison to glass fiber posts. Methodology A sample of 30 primary anterior teeth was collected from the outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University. A total of 15 freshly extracted permanent teeth with single roots were also collected from the outpatient clinic of the Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University. The roots of the permanent teeth were used to prepare 30 dentin posts using a CAD-CAM machine. After receiving proper endodontic treatment, the primary teeth were divided into two groups (15 teeth in each group). The first group was restored with dentin posts, and the second was restored with glass fiber posts, with the posts measuring 3 mm in length for both groups. Pull-out resistance testing was performed using a Testometric machine. Results The arithmetic mean of the forces applied in the glass fiber posts group was 153.2 ± 39.12 N, while the arithmetic mean of the forces applied in the dentin posts group was 156.7 ± 39.78 N. The data were analyzed at a 95% confidence interval using the independent Student's t-test. There were no statistically significant differences in pull-out resistance between the two groups. Conclusions Dentin posts showed a little increase in pull-out resistance than glass fiber posts. Therefore, the use of dentin posts as intracanal retention in primary anterior teeth is a successful alternative for composite posts.
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Mariño R, Hofer-Durán P, Nuñez-Contreras J, Aravena-Rivas Y, Zaror C. Absence of Association between Child Temperament and Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3251. [PMID: 36833944 PMCID: PMC9965726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a worldwide public health problem. The biological and behavioural determinants that are directly involved in ECC have been well documented; however, evidence on the effects of some psychosocial factors remains conflicting. This study aimed to assess the association between child temperament and ECC in Chilean preschoolers. Prior approval of the protocol was obtained from the ethics committee of Universidad de La Frontera (Folio N° 020_17), and all of those involved in the study provided signed informed consent forms. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 children aged 3 to 5 years attending preschools in Temuco, Chile. Each child's temperament was assessed based on parents' responses to the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire. The outcomes assessed were caries prevalence and caries experience (dmft scores). The covariates included were socioeconomic position, cariogenic diet, prolonged breastfeeding, presence of dental plaque and hypoplasia. Logistic regression models were used to predict caries prevalence and negative binomial regression for caries experience. The prevalence of ECC was 29.1%, and the most frequent child temperament was 'effortful control'. Regression model analyses, adjusting for covariates, showed no evidence of an association between any domain of children's temperament (surgency, negative affect and effortful control) with the prevalence of caries or caries experience. This cross-sectional study found no association between childhood temperament and ECC in preschool children for this population. However, due to the specificity of this population, the association cannot be entirely ruled out. Further studies are needed to help understand the association between temperament and oral health, including the influences of family environment factors and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paulina Hofer-Durán
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781176, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Javiera Nuñez-Contreras
- Programa de Magister en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781176, Chile
| | - Yanela Aravena-Rivas
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Zaror
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781176, Chile
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Park AH, Kulchar RJ, Susarla SM, Turton B, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Fewer Children in Families Associated with Lower Odds of Early Childhood Caries: A Sample from Three Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2195. [PMID: 36767562 PMCID: PMC9916343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood caries experience is influenced by family characteristics and oral health practices in the context of many social-commercial determinants. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between families' number of children, oral health practices and child caries experience in a convenience sample of 1374 children aged 6 months through 6 years and their families from Ecuador, Nepal, and Vietnam. Data were collected by mother interviews and child dental exams. Multivariate logistic and Zero-Inflated-Poisson regression analyses assessed associations between number of children, oral health practices and decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft). Families had a mean of 2.2 children (range 1-12); 72% of children had tooth decay, with mean dmft of 5.4. Adjusting for child age, sex, and urban/rural location, a greater number of children in the family was associated with significantly less likelihood of unhealthy bottle feeding practices, having a toothbrush/toothpaste and parent helping child brush, and being cavity-free; higher number of dmft, and greater likelihood of having a dental visit. Early childhood oral health promotion should include focus on oral hygiene and healthy feeding-particularly breastfeeding and healthy bottle feeding practices-as well as access to family planning services and support for childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Park
- Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rachel J. Kulchar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Bathsheba Turton
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Lee VHK, Kyoon-Achan G, Levesque J, Ghotra S, Hu R, Schroth RJ. Promoting early childhood oral health and preventing early childhood caries on Instagram. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 3:1062421. [PMID: 36686599 PMCID: PMC9849767 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1062421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent worldwide. Oral health promotion effectively utilizes key messages to educate parents/caregivers and the public on how to prevent ECC. Instagram is one of the biggest social media platforms, and could be used to promote early childhood oral health. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how young children's oral health is promoted and supported on Instagram. Methods This study used inductive content analysis to categorize, quantify, and interpret pictorial and textual data derived from Instagram posts containing the most commonly used ECC-related hashtags in their captions (determined by an extensive search through Instagram's search bar). Results A total of 1,071 images and 3,228 comments were analyzed based on 13 hashtags. The most common types of images were those of people (57.5%) and graphics/memes (37.8%). Most people were older children (32.5%) or adults (20.3%), and were White (19.6%) or Asian (18.5%). A majority of images had people posing (79.1%) in dental clinics (81.3%). Most graphics/memes were instructional/informational (76.3%). A total of 173 posts had substantial discussions that were positive/constructive in nature. The majority of discussions had at least one comment providing advice, tips, or explanations (79.8%), or had users requesting further information (73.4%). Conclusion As more people engage with social media, health professionals should consider the potential for Instagram as a tool to promote early childhood oral health and to prevent ECC. Our study shows that many different users are providing and consuming content related to ECC. Targeted messaging, monitoring of content, and professional guidance could be beneficial to those seeking oral health information on this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. K. Lee
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grace Kyoon-Achan
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Josh Levesque
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Suhird Ghotra
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ralph Hu
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Shared Health Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Microbiome Changes in Children Treated under General Anesthesia for Severe Early Childhood Caries: Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010030. [PMID: 36670581 PMCID: PMC9857191 DOI: 10.3390/children10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A full-mouth radical dental treatment under general anesthesia is a common approach for treating severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). However, previous study showed recurrence of the disease in 80% of cases within 12 months. The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in microbial composition of the dental biofilm of these children following treatment. Dental biofilm samples from five children (mean age 45.4 ± 10.1 months) were taken before and three months after treatment and analyzed for microbial composition using Next Generation Sequencing of the microbial DNA extracted from these samples. Although some reductions in the abundance of caries-pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Rothia dentocariosa and Scardovia wiggisiae) were seen in the post-treatment follow up samples, these reductions were for the most part not statistically significant, and these bacteria remained well above detection levels. Taken together, the results of the present pilot study suggest that the dental treatment alone is not enough to reduce the caries risk status of these children and that a more comprehensive approach should be considered.
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Sabbagh S, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Ravaghi V, Azadi Mood K, Sarraf Shirazi A, Abedi AS, Noorollahian H. Food insecurity and dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022. [PMID: 36511123 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity (FI) is associated with dietary practices, which can act as a risk factor for dental caries. AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FI and dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents. DESIGN MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, Cochrane, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database (up to April 19, 2022) as well as reference lists were searched. Eligible studies compared dental caries prevalence in food-secure and food-insecure individuals younger than 19 years. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated at 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Among the 1350 retrieved records, 10 cross-sectional reports were selected for systematic review. Six studies involving 8631 participants were included in the meta-analysis. More than half of the reports were published within the period 2019-2021. All studies except one were judged as low risk of bias. Overall, the prevalence of dental caries was greater among the food-insecure children and adolescents (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.52-2.65, p < .001, I2 : 73.5%). Similarly, all three categories of FI were significantly associated with caries experience (marginal FI: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.56-2.27, p < .001, I2 : 0.0%; low FI: OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.42-4.14, p = .001, I2 : 74.4%; very low FI: OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.88-3.00, p < .001, I2 : 0.0%). CONCLUSION The results showed a significant association between FI status and dental caries in both childhood and adolescence; however, there was a lack of longitudinal studies for a better understanding of this association. Health policies leading to reduction in FI may also aim to reduce dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Sabbagh
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ravaghi
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alireza Sarraf Shirazi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdol-Samad Abedi
- Department of Research Deputy, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Noorollahian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen R, Schneuer FJ, Irving MJ, Chow CK, Kumar H, Tsai C, Sohn W, Spallek H, Bell J, Nassar N. Socio-demographic and familial factors associated with hospital admissions and repeat admission for dental caries in early childhood: A population-based study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 50:539-547. [PMID: 34837420 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries remains a complex childhood condition often requiring preventable hospital admissions. There are limited population-based epidemiological studies that use large and linked data sets to quantify the clinical, socio-demographic and familial risk factors related to hospital admissions for dental caries. The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the rates, socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and familial factors including repeat admissions associated with young children admitted to hospital for dental caries. METHODS This cohort study (n = 33,438) used longitudinally linked hospital admission data among all children aged <six years in NSW, Australia. Socio-demographic and admission characteristics of children and those with one versus two or more admissions for dental caries were compared. Familial risk factors were analysed for a restricted cohort of families with two or more children (n = 18,174) using multivariable logistic regression to assess the familial factors associated with multiple hospital admissions for dental caries adjusting for other socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS There were 33,438 children aged <six years who had 34,446 hospital admissions for dental caries between 2001 and 2014. The annual rate of 4.3 per 1000 children remained unchanged over the period. Most admissions required general anaesthesia (96%), and 8.4% of children had repeat admissions. Children living in disadvantaged or in regional and rural areas attending public hospitals were more likely to have dental extractions during the admission. Children from the same family had a 2.7-fold increased odds of admission if the first child admitted was less than three years of age (adjusted odd ratio 2.69; 95% CI: 2.36-3.07), a 1.5 fold increase for socioeconomic disadvantage (aOR 1.45; 1.19 - 1.77) and a 1.9 fold increase of admission if the family had 4 or more children (aOR1.88; 1.47 - 2.42). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight socio-demographic inequities associated with hospital admission for dental caries. The provision of targeted dental care programs for 'at-risk' families should address these inequalities and presents an opportunity to reduce dental caries related hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chen
- The University of Sydney, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco J Schneuer
- The University of Sydney, The Charles Perkins Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle J Irving
- The University of Sydney, The Menzies Centre for Health Policy, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Evidence and Implementation, VIC, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- The University of Sydney, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harleen Kumar
- Sydney Dental Hospital and Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carrie Tsai
- Sydney Dental Hospital and Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woosung Sohn
- The University of Sydney, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heiko Spallek
- The University of Sydney, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Bell
- The University of Sydney, The Charles Perkins Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- The University of Sydney, The Charles Perkins Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales, Australia
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Babar MG, Andiesta NS, Bilal S, Yusof ZYM, Doss JG, Pau A. A randomized controlled trial of 6-month dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 50:559-569. [PMID: 35138648 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reports on the effect of 6-month dental home visits compared to no dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in 5- to 6-year-olds. METHODS 5- to 6-year-olds attending kindergartens were randomized to receive either 6-month dental home visits and education leaflets (Intervention group) or education leaflets alone (Control group) over 24 months. To detect a 15% difference in caries incidence with a significance level of 5% and power of 80%, 88 children were calculated to be needed in the Intervention group and 88 in the Control. Baseline clinical data included oral examinations at the kindergartens. Follow-up visits were made on the 6th, 12th and 18th month. At the end of the 24 months, both the Intervention and Control groups were visited for oral examinations. The primary outcome was caries incidence, measured by the number and proportion of children who developed new caries in the primary molars after 24 months. The secondary outcome was the number of primary molars that developed new caries (d-pms). Frequency distributions of participants by baseline socio-demographic characteristics and caries experience were calculated. The chi-square test was used to test differences between the caries experience in the Intervention and Control groups. The t test was used to compare the mean number of primary molars developing new caries between the Intervention Group and the Control Group. The number of children needed to treat (NNT) was also calculated. RESULTS At the 24-month follow-up, 19 (14.4%) developed new caries in the Intervention Group, compared to 60 (60.0%) in the Control Group (p = .001). On average, 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1-0.3) tooth per child in the Intervention Group was observed to have developed new caries compared to 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.3) tooth per child in the Control Group (p = .001). The number of children needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one child from developing new caries was 2.2. CONCLUSIONS The present study has demonstrated that 6-month home visits to families of 5- to 6-year-olds are effective in caries prevention in 5- to 6-year-olds of low-income families in a middle-income country where access to health services, including oral health promotion services, is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Gohar Babar
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Niekla Survia Andiesta
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Geraldine Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Allan Pau
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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Qu X, Zhang C, Houser SH, Zhang J, Zou J, Zhang W, Zhang Q. Prediction model for early childhood caries risk based on behavioral determinants using a machine learning algorithm. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 227:107221. [PMID: 36384058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An easily accessible caries risk prediction model (CRPM) based on nonbiological predictors is lacking. Developing a CRPM for community screening is essential for children's dental health promotion by a public health approach. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a caries risk prediction model (CRPM) for children using a machine learning algorithm based on dental care behavioral factors and other nonbiological factors using a 3-month multicenter cohort. METHODS Children aged 12 months to 60 months were recruited at three primary care settings and three kindergartens in Chengdu, China. Dental examination was conducted for all enrolled children by calibrated pediatric dentists at baseline and three months later. All parents of the enrolled children were asked to complete a questionnaire with dental-related information. Machine learning algorithms, including random forest, logistic regression, and adaptive boosting, were used to develop a prediction model. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, negative predictive value and F-score were reported to estimate the internal validation of the models. RESULTS A total of 481 out of 745 children without a history of caries experience at baseline remained for analysis. In the total sample population, 236 (49.1%) children were female, and the mean age was 31.2 months. During the follow-up exams, 66 (13.6%) children had new-onset caries. The child's age, height, weight, family caries status, brush teeth two minutes per time, fluoride toothpaste usage, brushing twice per day, parental monitoring brushing teeth, mother delivery method, brushing child's teeth every day, child number counts, and night feeding frequency in the last month were measured and included in a prediction model. Of the prediction models, the highest area under the curve of RF was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87- 0.94), followed by 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81-0.91) of LR and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.86) of AdaBoost. CONCLUSION In this CRPM, new onset of dental caries in three months among children aged < 60 months could be predicted by answering twelve nonbiological questions. A good model performance was shown within the internal validation. Dental home care could be improved by referring the CRPM result before new caries onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qu
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shannon H Houser
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Sichuan Unversity, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Sichuan Unversity, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Karikoski E, Junttila K, Järvinen M, Sarkola T, Blomqvist M. Parental perceptions and experiences of an oral health care promotion intervention for children with congenital heart defects. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2070968. [PMID: 35549844 PMCID: PMC9116251 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. Children with major CHD are at risk for developing endocarditis. Acute endocarditis may be life threatening and lead to heart failure. The purpose of this study was to explore parental perceptions and experiences of an early oral health promotion intervention (OHPI) targeting children with major CHD at risk for developing endocarditis later in life, and use this information to examine intervention feasibility. Methods Nine parents (three fathers and six mothers) participating in a one and a half year OHPI were purposefully selected for qualitative evaluation of intervention feasibility using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed with an inductive content analysis method. Results The analysis resulted in four main categories and 14 subcategories that describe parental perceptions and experiences of the OHPI. The four main categories were timing of first intervention contact, effortlessness of intervention process, individuality of support, and relevancy of support. Conclusion Parents of children with CHD perceived the OHPI as important and feasible to be implemented in daily life in children with systemic diseases overall. Further studies on timing of first contact and use of additional Web-based support are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Karikoski
- Children's Hospital, Department of Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kristiina Junttila
- Nursing Research Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mirkka Järvinen
- The Finnish Federation of Oral Health Care Professionals, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, Department of Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - My Blomqvist
- Children's Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Costa AL, Pereira JL, Franco L, Guinot F. COVID-19 Lockdown: Impact on Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Practices of Portuguese and Spanish Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16004. [PMID: 36498079 PMCID: PMC9739203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on the oral health attitudes, dietary habits and access to dental care of Portuguese and Spanish children. A cross-sectional observational study involving caregivers of 3−17-year-old children who had cohabited during a COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spain and Portugal was conducted. Caregivers completed an online anonymous questionnaire. Aiming groups comparison, chi-square test was used for qualitative variables. 770 surveys were obtained. Significant changes in the children’s routine were higher in Portugal (p < 0.001). Both countries showed a large percentage of children who had between 2−3 snacks between meals (p < 0.001) and a higher consumption of snacks was particularly noticed among Spanish children with untreated dental caries during the lockdown (p = 0.003). Most caregivers reported children’s oral hygiene habits did not suffer noteworthy alterations (p = 0.417), although parental supervision of toothbrushing was associated with dental attendance during the lockdown. The majority of the sample had no dental attendance during confinement. Confinement appears to have not markedly affected the oral health status and habits of the majority of these children, although an important impact of some demographic and behavioral factors upon dietary and oral care/habits was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Costa
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Franco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 080195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francisco Guinot
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 080195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Ferro R, Besostri A, Olivieri A, Benacchio L. Early Childhood Caries in a Preschool-based Sample in Northeast Italy: Socioeconomic Status and Behavioral Risk Factors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:717-723. [PMID: 36866145 PMCID: PMC9973084 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the relationship among caries and age, gender, immigrant condition, socioeconomic status (SES), and a behavioral risk factor (toothbrushing) in a sample of 3-5-year-old children. Materials and methods We performed a random cross-sectional survey from January to December 2017, carrying out clinical examinations to estimate the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) score. Parents filled in a questionnaire reporting their education level (SES) and the daily frequency of children's toothbrushing. The multivariate analysis assessed the association between caries occurrence and the independent variables. The dmft score was assessed by zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINBR). Results Out of 1,441 children in the sample, 357 (26.0%) presented at least one caries-affected tooth. Caries risk significantly increased with age and irregular toothbrushing, and it was significantly higher in children with lower SES levels. We modeled caries risk by means of ZINBR. The degree of caries experience increased in children from lower SES positions, immigrant status, and of older age; regular toothbrushing (twice a day) is a predicting factor to belong to the "zero caries" group. Conclusion Dental caries represent a significant burden in preschool children and can be regarded as an early marker of social disadvantage. Clinical significance The confirmation of the earliest preventive approach as the only chance to grant a "caries free" dentition in all ages and the first target for a pediatric dentist. How to cite this article Ferro R, Besostri A, Olivieri A, et al. Early Childhood Caries in a Preschool-based Sample in Northeast Italy: Socioeconomic Status and Behavioral Risk Factors. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):717-723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferro
- Department of Dental Unit, Cittadella Hospital, ULSS 6 EUGANEA COMPANY, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Alberto Besostri
- Department of Dental Unit, Cittadella Hospital, ULSS 6 EUGANEA COMPANY, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Armando Olivieri
- Department of Prevention, ULSS 6 EUGANEA COMPANY, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Luca Benacchio
- Department of Prevention, ULSS 6 EUGANEA COMPANY, Veneto Region, Italy
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Algazina AA, Grjibovski AM, Gorbatova MA, Klestova VY, Popova DA, Savelyeva AA. Oral care practices and dental status among children in Arkhangelsk. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.33925/1683-3031-2022-22-3-213-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. M. Grjibovski
- Northern State Medical University; North-Eastern Federal University
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da Rocha Gomes Benelli K, Chaffee BW, Kramer PF, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM, Feldens CA. Pattern of caries lesions and oral health-related quality of life throughout early childhood: A birth cohort study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12889. [PMID: 35917322 PMCID: PMC9845073 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different patterns of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) throughout early childhood. This birth cohort study followed 277 children from southern Brazil for 6 years. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected at birth. At age 3 years, children's dental caries experience was quantified by the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft) index. At age 6 years, parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between caries experience and later OHRQoL, presented as the ratio of ECOHIS scores between the groups. The prevalence of dental caries at 3 years of age was 37.5%. In children with caries, lesions only in anterior teeth, only in posterior teeth, and in both dental segments at age 3 were associated with age 6 ECOHIS scores that were 2.7, 7.8, and 6.2 times higher, respectively, than in children without dental caries experience. OHRQoL was worse among children with higher dmft scores. Dental caries lesions in posterior teeth by age 3 years was strongly predictive of adverse impacts on later OHRQoL, presumably as an indicator of continued disease experience in the intervening years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin W. Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Paulo Floriani Kramer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Staszczyk M, Jamka-Kasprzyk M, Kościelniak D, Cienkosz-Stepańczak B, Krzyściak W, Jurczak A. Effect of a Short-Term Intervention with Lactobacillus salivarius Probiotic on Early Childhood Caries-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912447. [PMID: 36231747 PMCID: PMC9566377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ECC is a significant therapeutic and social problem and a global burden on public health. The aim of this clinical trial was to test whether a 2-week daily consumption of chewing tablets containing thermally inactivated L. salivarius reduces the 12-month caries increment compared to the control group. The investigation was a single-center, randomized, controlled open-label, blinded end-point evaluation trial in two parallel groups. At baseline, 140 generally healthy children between 3 and 6 years of age with or without ECC were randomly assigned to the probiotic test group (n = 70) or to the treatment as the usual control group (n = 70). The primary outcome measure was the 1-year increment in caries incidence and prevalence. Secondary endpoints assessed were the initial, cavitated and obvious dentinal caries increment as well as the measurement of dental plaque accumulation, as an indicator of the ECC risk. Data were collected through the clinical assessment of the children's caries (dmft and ICDAS II) and oral hygiene status (DI-S of OHI-S index). Caries incidence and prevalence were statistically significantly lower in the probiotic group versus the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0075). The initial and final mean OHI-S scores in the probiotic group did not show any significant differences. In conclusion, the regular short-term intake of probiotics may reduce caries development. Our findings suggest that self-administered probiotic therapy may provide a good complement to increase the effectiveness of individual preventive home care in preschool children. This is the first clinical study evaluating the effect of a short-term probiotic intervention on reducing early childhood caries with 12 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Staszczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Cienkosz-Stepańczak
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
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Amalia R, Siregar FR, Alfian MF, Arie Sandy LP. Regulations on nutrition in Indonesia and its relation to early childhood caries. Front Public Health 2022; 10:984668. [PMID: 36249209 PMCID: PMC9554401 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.984668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between food and nutrition policies and oral health. The relationship between nutrition and dental problems has been widely discussed, including the major dental problem in children: early childhood caries (ECC). Health-oriented national policies are the main principles of public health welfare. This article is a policy brief that provide a review of the food and nutrition policies in Indonesia that may have a relationship with ECC. It is concluded that some policies support the efforts to prevent ECC however, other technical explanations are still needed for health workers and especially parents regarding its simple implementation in everyday life. Multisectoral approaches that includes health, nutrition and education are needed to address ECC.
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Li Y, Du J, Huang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Lei L, Zhang C, Huang X. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Effect of Cross-Kingdom Microorganisms with Toluidine Blue O and Potassium Iodide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11373. [PMID: 36232675 PMCID: PMC9569606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are prominent microbes associated with rapid and aggressive caries. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and mechanism of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and potassium iodide (KI). The dependence of KI concentration, TBO concentration and light dose on the antimicrobial effect of aPDT plus KI was determined. The cytotoxicity of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. A singlet oxygen (1O2) probe test, time-resolved 1O2 detection, and a 1O2 quencher experiment were performed to evaluate the role of 1O2 during aPDT plus KI. The generation of iodine and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were analyzed by an iodine starch test and Amplex red assay. The anti-biofilm effect of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was also evaluated by counting forming unit (CFU) assay. KI could potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT against S. mutans and C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm states, which was safe for human dental pulp cells. 1O2 measurement showed that KI could quench 1O2 signals, implicating that 1O2 may act as a principal mediator to oxidize excess iodide ions to form iodine and H2O2. KI could highly potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT in eradicating S. mutans and C. albicans due to the synergistic effect of molecular iodine and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lishan Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Pithpornchaiyakul S, Naorungroj S, Pupong K, Hunsrisakhun J. Using Chatbot as an Alternative Approach for In-Person Tooth Brushing Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e39218. [PMID: 36179147 PMCID: PMC9591704 DOI: 10.2196/39218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is recommended that caregivers receive oral health education and in-person training to improve toothbrushing for young children. To strengthen oral health education before COVID-19, the 21-Day FunDee chatbot with in-person toothbrushing training for caregivers was used. During the pandemic, practical experience was difficult to implement. Therefore, the 30-Day FunDee chatbot was created to extend the coverage of chatbots from 21 days to 30 days by incorporating more videos on toothbrushing demonstrations and dialogue. This was a secondary data comparison of 2 chatbots in similar rural areas of Pattani province: Maikan district (Study I) and Maelan district (Study II). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of 2 chatbots, 21-Day FunDee (Study I) and 30-Day FunDee (Study II), based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). This study explored the feasibility of using the 30-Day FunDee chatbot to increase toothbrushing behaviors for caregivers in oral hygiene care for children aged 6 months to 36 months without in-person training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A pre-post design was used in both studies. The effectiveness was evaluated among caregivers in terms of oral hygiene practices, knowledge, and oral health care perceptions based on PMT. In Study I, participants received in-person training and a 21-day chatbot course during October 2018 to February 2019. In Study II, participants received only daily chatbot programming for 30 days during December 2021 to February 2022. Data were gathered at baseline of each study and at 30 days and 60 days after the start of Study I and Study II, respectively. After completing their interventions, the chatbot's usability was assessed using open-ended questions. Study I evaluated the plaque score, whereas Study II included an in-depth interview. The 2 studies were compared to determine the feasibility of using the 30-Day FunDee chatbot as an alternative to in-person training. Results There were 71 pairs of participants: 37 in Study I and 34 in Study II. Both chatbots significantly improved overall knowledge (Study I: P<.001; Study II: P=.001), overall oral health care perceptions based on PMT (Study I: P<.001; Study II: P<.001), and toothbrushing for children by caregivers (Study I: P=.02; Study II: P=.04). Only Study I had statistically significant differences in toothbrushing at least twice a day (P=.002) and perceived vulnerability (P=.003). The highest overall chatbot satisfaction was 9.2 (SD 0.9) in Study I and 8.6 (SD 1.2) in Study II. In Study I, plaque levels differed significantly (P<.001). Conclusions This was the first study using a chatbot in oral health education. We established the effectiveness and usability of 2 chatbot programs for promoting oral hygiene care of young children by caregivers. The 30-Day FunDee chatbot showed the possibility of improving toothbrushing skills without requiring in-person training. Trial Registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20191223005; http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20191223005 and TCTR20210927004; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210927004
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Affiliation(s)
- Samerchit Pithpornchaiyakul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, TH.,Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, TH
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University,, Hatyai, Songkhla, TH
| | | | - Jaranya Hunsrisakhun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, TH.,Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, TH
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Evaluation of the efficacy of a 2-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step self-etch and 1-step self-etch adhesive systems, in class II primary molars restorations. An one year prospective, randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:845-854. [PMID: 36098905 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical efficacy at 6 months (6 M) and 12 months (12 M) of 3 adhesive strategies (two-step etch-and-rinse; two-step self-etch; one step self-etch) used in composite resin restorations in primary molars. METHODS This randomized clinical study involved 101 class II restorations in primary molars of 34 children (4-8 years old), distributed by 3 groups according to the 3 tested adhesive systems: GI- ClearfilTMS3Bond Plus (CSB); GII- ClearfilTMSE Protect Bond (CSEPB); GIII- Prime&Bond®XP (PBXP). Restorations were evaluated according to FDI criteria, immediately after execution, at 6 M and 12 M. All ethical and legal requirements were met. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM®SPSS®v26 and MS Excel® (5% significance level). RESULTS The aesthetic, biological and most of the functional parameters evaluated remained without significant changes over time. Statistically significant differences were only found regarding the "marginal adaptation" parameter at 12 M, with worsening of scores for the three groups (p < 0.001). Comparing the groups, no significant differences were detected between any of the evaluated parameters (aesthetics properties: p = 0.721; functional properties: p = 0.122). CONCLUSIONS After a one-year period, the self-etch adhesives tested presented a clinical efficacy similar to the etch-and-rinse adhesive in restoring class II cavities in primary molars. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN11458186.
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Chawłowska E, Karasiewicz M, Lipiak A, Cofta M, Fechner B, Lewicka-Rabska A, Pruciak A, Gerreth K. Exploring the Relationships between Children's Oral Health and Parents' Oral Health Knowledge, Literacy, Behaviours and Adherence to Recommendations: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811288. [PMID: 36141563 PMCID: PMC9517628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although preventable, early childhood caries (ECC) is a burdening condition in all WHO regions, with Poland being one of the most affected countries in Europe. Effective home-based prevention of ECC is available and recommended by several expert bodies. Therefore, we wanted to determine how well parents were following selected oral health recommendations in preschool children. Additionally, we wanted to determine which socioeconomic factors influenced such practices the most, and how parents' oral health literacy and behaviours affected the oral hygiene and oral health status of their children. A cross-sectional survey involving 2338 parents and caregivers of children from 167 kindergartens was performed. Children's oral hygiene and oral health status were found to be associated with parents' education and economic status. They were also strongly influenced by parental health literacy and behaviours. With respect to recommendations for preschoolers, the lowest adherence was found in the use of fluoride toothpaste and its age-appropriate amount, supervision of toothbrushing, and refraining from eating after last toothbrushing. The improvement in these areas could be achieved thanks to the involvement of health professionals such as gynaecologists, midwives, and primary care personnel in efforts aimed at increasing parents' oral health knowledge and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chawłowska
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Karasiewicz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lipiak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cofta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Brittany Fechner
- Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewicka-Rabska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Pruciak
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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