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C. Bergeron C, Costa MC, Segura M, de Souza LB, Bleuzé M, Sauvé F. Bacterial microbiota and proinflammatory cytokines in the anal sacs of treated and untreated atopic dogs: Comparison with a healthy control group. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298361. [PMID: 38814946 PMCID: PMC11139270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of anal sacculitis has not been extensively investigated, although atopic dogs seem to be predisposed to the disease. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize and compare the bacterial microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the anal sacs of dogs from three groups (healthy dogs, untreated atopic dogs and atopic dogs receiving antipruritic treatment or allergen-specific immunotherapy) in order to determine whether changes could be at the origin of anal sacculitis in atopic dogs. Bacterial populations of anal sac secretions from fifteen healthy dogs, fourteen untreated and six treated atopic dogs were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina technology. Proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed with the Luminex multiplex test. Community membership and structure were significantly different between the anal sacs of healthy and untreated atopic dogs (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) and between those of untreated and treated atopic dogs (P = 0.012 and P = 0.017, respectively). However, the community structure was similar in healthy and treated atopic dogs (P = 0.332). Among the proinflammatory cytokines assessed, there was no significant difference between groups, except for interleukin 8 which was higher in the anal sacs of untreated atopic dogs compared to treated atopic dogs (P = 0.02), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha which was lower in the anal sacs of healthy dogs compared to treated atopic dogs (P = 0.04). These results reveal a dysbiosis in the anal sacs of atopic dogs, which may partially explain the predisposition of atopic dogs to develop bacterial anal sacculitis. Treatments received by atopic dogs (oclacitinib, desloratadine and allergen-specific immunotherapy) shift the microbiota of the anal sacs towards that of healthy dogs. Further studies are required to identify significant cytokines contributing to anal sacculitis in atopic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camylle C. Bergeron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcio Carvalho Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucilene Bernardi de Souza
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marêva Bleuzé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Sabato V, Beyens M, Toscano A, Van Gasse A, Ebo DG. Mast Cell-Targeting Therapies in Mast Cell Activation Syndromes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:63-71. [PMID: 38217824 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide an overview of the expanding landscape of mast cell (MC)-targeting treatments in mast cell activation syndromes (MCAS). RECENT FINDINGS Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting wild-type and mutated KIT can efficiently induce MC depletion. Avapritinib and midostaurin can also temper IgE-mediated degranulation. Avapritinib has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM). Targeting activation pathways and inhibitory receptors is a promising therapeutic frontier. Recently, the anti Siglec-8 antibody lirentelimab showed promising results in ISM. MCAS is a heterogeneous disorder demanding a personalized therapeutic approach and, especially when presenting as anaphylaxis, has not been formally captured as outcome in prospective clinical trials with TKI. Long-term safety of TKI needs to be addressed. New drugs under investigation in diseases in which non-neoplastic MCs play a pivotal role can provide important inputs to identify new efficient and safe treatments for MCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T5.9582 Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Michiel Beyens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T5.9582 Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Toscano
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T5.9582 Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Athina Van Gasse
- Department of Paediatrics, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, The Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T5.9582 Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
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Baretta LT, do Espírito Santo Cunha V, Figueiredo CD, Gerardi DG. A randomised, double-blinded trial to assess the effect of oclacitinib and prednisolone on intradermal allergen and prick tests in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:71-80. [PMID: 37770410 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradermal (IDT) and prick (PT) tests are used to select allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the use of antipruritic drugs before performing these tests may influence the results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the drugs oclacitinib and prednisolone on the immediate-phase reactions of IDT and PT. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned dogs with cAD with positive reactions to at least one allergen extract on IDT or PT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to receive oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg per os, every 12 h (n = 14), or prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg p.o., every 12 h (n = 16) for 14 days. IDT and PT were performed on Day (D)0 before treatment and on D14. RESULTS At D14 there was no significant reduction in the means of the orthogonal diameters of the positive immediate-phase reactions of the IDT (p = 0.064) in the oclacitinib group; however, in the PT, the diameter of the positive reactions reduced significantly (p = 0.048). In both tests, there was no significant reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p > 0.999; PT, p = 0.735). In the prednisolone group, the means of the orthogonal diameters of positive immediate-phase reactions were significantly reduced in both tests (IDT, p = 0.001; PT, p ≤ 0.001) and there also was a reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p = 0.022; PT, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days does not interfere with IDT results in dogs with cAD. However, oclacitinib may reduce PT reactivity. The use of prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg twice daily results in a reduction in both IDT and PT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Talita Baretta
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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4
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Ceulemans M, Wauters L, Vanuytsel T. Targeting the altered duodenal microenvironment in functional dyspepsia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 70:102363. [PMID: 36963152 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Duodenal micro-inflammation and microbial dysregulation are increasingly recognized to play an important role in functional dyspepsia (FD) pathophysiology, previously regarded as a purely functional disorder. With current therapeutic options contested through insufficient efficacy or unfavorable adverse effects profiles, novel treatments directed to duodenal alterations could result in superior symptom control in at least a subset of patients. Indeed, recent advances in FD research provided evidence for anti-inflammatory therapies to relieve gastroduodenal symptoms by reducing duodenal eosinophils or mast cells. In addition, restoring microbial homeostasis by probiotics proved to be successful in FD. As the exact mechanisms by which these novel pharmacological approaches result in clinical benefit often remain to be elucidated, future research should focus on how immune activation and dysbiosis translate into typical FD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ceulemans
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhao L, Liang Q, He Y, Liu M, Tong R, Jiang Z, Wang W, Shi J. HDAC/JAK dual target inhibitors of cancer-related targets: The success of nonclearable linked pharmacophore mode. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Batiha GES, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Welson NN. Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective. Virol J 2022; 19:158. [PMID: 36210445 PMCID: PMC9548310 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most COVID-19 patients recovered with low mortality; however, some patients experienced long-term symptoms described as “long-COVID” or “Post-COVID syndrome” (PCS). Patients may have persisting symptoms for weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, including dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, insomnia, cognitive and olfactory disorders. These symptoms may last for months in some patients. PCS may progress in association with the development of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which is a distinct kind of mast cell activation disorder, characterized by hyper-activation of mast cells with inappropriate and excessive release of chemical mediators. COVID-19 survivors, mainly women, and patients with persistent severe fatigue for 10 weeks after recovery with a history of neuropsychiatric disorders are more prone to develop PCS. High D-dimer levels and blood urea nitrogen were observed to be risk factors associated with pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors 3 months post-hospital discharge with the development of PCS. PCS has systemic manifestations that resolve with time with no further complications. However, the final outcomes of PCS are chiefly unknown. Persistence of inflammatory reactions, autoimmune mimicry, and reactivation of pathogens together with host microbiome alterations may contribute to the development of PCS. The deregulated release of inflammatory mediators in MCAS produces extraordinary symptoms in patients with PCS. The development of MCAS during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is correlated to COVID-19 severity and the development of PCS. Therefore, MCAS is treated by antihistamines, inhibition of synthesis of mediators, inhibition of mediator release, and inhibition of degranulation of mast cells. Post-COVID (PCS) syndrome may progress in association with the development of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). High D-dimer levels and blood urea nitrogen were observed to be risk factors associated with pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors 3 months post-hospital discharge with the development of PCS. Persistence of inflammatory reactions, autoimmune mimicry, and reactivation of pathogens together with host microbiome alterations may contribute to the development of PCS. MCAS is treated by antihistamines, inhibition of synthesis of mediators, inhibition of mediator release, and inhibition of degranulation of mast cells.
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Mast cells as a therapeutic target in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:902-905. [PMID: 36064534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells have been implicated as mediators of bone marrow fibrosis and pruritus in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) with JAK2V617F or calreticulin mutations. We hypothesize that potent KIT inhibitors, already in clinical use for systemic mastocytosis, have therapeutic potential for the treatment of MPNs by directly targeting mast cells.
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8
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Wang EHC, Monga I, Sallee BN, Chen JC, Abdelaziz AR, Perez-Lorenzo R, Bordone LA, Christiano AM. Primary cicatricial alopecias are characterized by dysregulation of shared gene expression pathways. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac111. [PMID: 35899069 PMCID: PMC9308563 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary forms of cicatricial (scarring) alopecia (PCA) are a group of inflammatory, irreversible hair loss disorders characterized by immune cell infiltrates targeting hair follicles (HFs). Lichen planopilaris (LPP), frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), and centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) are among the main subtypes of PCAs. The pathogenesis of the different types of PCAs are poorly understood, and current treatment regimens yield inconsistent and unsatisfactory results. We performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing on scalp biopsies of a large cohort PCA patients to develop gene expression-based signatures, trained into machine-learning-based predictive models and pathways associated with dysregulated gene expression. We performed morphological and cytokine analysis to define the immune cell populations found in PCA subtypes. We identified a common PCA gene signature that was shared between LPP, FFA, and CCCA, which revealed a significant over-representation of mast cell (MC) genes, as well as downregulation of cholesterogenic pathways and upregulation of fibrosis and immune signaling genes. Immunohistological analyses revealed an increased presence of MCs in PCAs lesions. Our gene expression analyses revealed common pathways associated with PCAs, with a strong association with MCs. The indistinguishable differences in gene expression profiles and immune cell signatures between LPP, FFA, and CCCA suggest that similar treatment regimens may be effective in treating these irreversible forms of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy H C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Isha Monga
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brigitte N Sallee
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexa R Abdelaziz
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rolando Perez-Lorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lindsey A Bordone
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Pérez-Pons A, Jara-Acevedo M, Henriques A, Navarro-Navarro P, García-Montero AC, Álvarez-Twose I, Pedreira CE, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Damasceno D, Caldas C, Muñoz-González JI, Matito A, Flores-Montero J, González-López O, Criado I, Mayado A, Orfao A. Altered innate immune profile in blood of systemic mastocytosis patients. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12167. [PMID: 35734269 PMCID: PMC9194602 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MC) from systemic mastocytosis (SM) patients release MC mediators that lead to an altered microenvironment with potential consequences on innate immune cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Here we investigated the distribution and functional behaviour of different populations of blood monocytes and DC among distinct diagnostic subtypes of SM. Methods Overall, we studied 115 SM patients - 45 bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), 61 indolent SM (ISM), 9 aggressive SM (ASM)- and 32 healthy donors (HD). Spontaneous and in vitro-stimulated cytokine production by blood monocytes, and their plasma levels, together with the distribution of different subsets of blood monocytes and DCs, were investigated. Results SM patients showed increased plasma levels and spontaneous production by blood monocytes of IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα and IL10, associated with an exhausted ability of LPS + IFNγ-stimulated blood monocytes to produce IL1β and TGFβ. SM (particularly ISM) patients also showed decreased counts of total monocytes, at the expense of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes. Interestingly, while ISM and ASM patients had decreased numbers of plasmacytoid DC and myeloid DC (and their major subsets) in blood, an expansion of AXL+ DC was specifically encountered in BMM cases. Conclusion These results demonstrate an altered distribution of blood monocytes and DC subsets in SM associated with constitutive activation of functionally impaired blood monocytes and increased plasma levels of a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, reflecting broad activation of the innate immune response in mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pérez-Pons
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Ana Henriques
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Paula Navarro-Navarro
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Sequencing Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Iván Álvarez-Twose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Carlos E Pedreira
- Systems and Computing Department (PESC) COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Laura Sánchez-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Daniela Damasceno
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Carolina Caldas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Javier I Muñoz-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Almudena Matito
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) Virgen del Valle Hospital Toledo Spain
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Oscar González-López
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Salamanca Spain.,Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) Toledo and Salamanca Spain
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Steinhoff M, Ahmad F, Pandey A, Datsi A, AlHammadi A, Al-Khawaga S, Al-Malki A, Meng J, Alam M, Buddenkotte J. Neuro-immune communication regulating pruritus in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1875-1898. [PMID: 35337846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic-relapsing inflammatory skin disease with significant disease burden. Genetic and environmental trigger factors contribute to AD, activating two of our largest organs, the nervous and immune system. Dysregulation of neuro-immune circuits plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD causing inflammation, pruritus, pain, and barrier dysfunction. Sensory nerves can be activated by environmental or endogenous trigger factors transmitting itch stimuli to the brain. Upon stimulation, sensory nerve endings also release neuromediators into the skin contributing again to inflammation, barrier dysfunction and itch. Additionally, dysfunctional peripheral and central neuronal structures contribute to neuroinflammation, sensitization, nerve elongation, neuropathic itch, thus chronification and therapy-resistance. Consequently, neuro-immune circuits in skin and central nervous system may be targets to treat pruritus in AD. Cytokines, chemokines, proteases, lipids, opioids, ions excite/sensitize sensory nerve endings not only induce itch but further aggravate/perpetuate inflammation, skin barrier disruption, and pruritus. Thus, targeted therapies for neuro-immune circuits as well as pathway inhibitors (e.g., kinase inhibitors) may be beneficial to control pruritus in AD either in systemic and/or topical form. Understanding neuro-immune circuits and neuronal signaling will optimize our approach to control all pathological mechanisms in AD, inflammation, barrier dysfunction and pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Atul Pandey
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantational Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aysha Al-Malki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jianghui Meng
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Hermans MAW, Heeringa JJ, Swagemakers SGA, Schrijver B, van Daele PLA, van der Spek PJ, van Hagen PM, van Zelm MC, Dik WA. Altered leukocyte subsets and immune proteome indicate pro-inflammatory mechanisms in mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:146-156.e10. [PMID: 35026208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is characterized by pathological accumulation of mast cells. The mechanism behind its phenotypic heterogeneity is not well understood. Interaction of mast cells with other immune cells might cause systemic inflammation and thereby associated symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate peripheral leukocyte compartments and serum immune proteome in ISM. METHODS Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotyping using flowcytometry in a cohort of 18 adults with ISM and 12 healthy controls. Targeted proteomics was performed to measure 169 proteins associated with inflammation on serum of another 20 ISM patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Proportions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and monocytes were significantly decreased while T-helper 2 cells were increased in peripheral blood of ISM patients. Furthermore, a shift from naïve to memory T-cells was observed. Hierarchical clustering of the serum proteome revealed two distinct subgroups within ISM patients. In subgroup A (n=8), 62 proteins were significantly overexpressed, whereas subgroup B (n=12) was comparable to healthy controls. Patients in subgroup A displayed upregulated signaling pathways downstream of Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-α and interferon-γFatigue was more often present in subgroup A compared to B (75% vs. 33% respectively, p 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Altered distribution of leukocyte subsets and a pro-inflammatory proteome were observed in subsequent two cohorts of ISM patients. We hypothesize that neoplastic mast cells recruit and activate pDC, monocytes and T-cells leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATION Characterization of inflammatory mechanisms in ISM might uncover additional targets for treatment, in particular for constitutional symptoms such as fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A W Hermans
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J J Heeringa
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S G A Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Schrijver
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W A Dik
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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de Mello Souza CH, Shiomitsu K, Hwang B. Cytokine production and the effects of oclacitinib in three canine mast cell tumour cell lines. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:159-e46. [PMID: 34882871 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are capable of manipulating the tumour microenvironment supporting tumour growth. Interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, shown to be produced by various tumours, can negatively affect prognosis. The production of cytokines by canine mast cell tumours (MCT) has not been reported. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We hypothesise that MCT cell lines produce IL-8 and/or MCP-1 in addition to other cytokines, and that their production can be modulated by the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor oclacitinib. This pilot study aims to investigate the production of IL-8, MCP-1 and nine additional cytokines in three canine MCT cell lines, and determine the effects of oclacitinib on their production. METHODS AND MATERIALS Reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA in three MCT cell lines (CoMS, CM-MC1 and VI-MC1). The supernatant of the cell lines was evaluated for the presence of 11 cytokines [IL-2, -6, -7, -8, -10, -15 and -18, and MCP-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α] by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IC50 of oclacitinib was identified for each cell line. ELISA was performed again to compare changes in IL-8 and MCP-1 in treated cell lines versus untreated controls. RESULTS Interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were produced by all MCT cell lines tested. Oclacitinib significantly decreased the release of IL-8 in the CoMS cell line and of MCP-1 in CoMS and VI-MC1 in clinically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, oclacitinib significantly decreased the proliferation of all three cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-8 and MCP-1 are produced by canine MCT cell lines. Modulation of their production is possible with oclacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H de Mello Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0144, USA
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0144, USA
| | - Benjamin Hwang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0144, USA
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13
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Kwiatkowska D, Reich A. Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Pruritus in Mastocytosis. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00583. [PMID: 34642766 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus can be defined as an unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch and significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Pruritus is widely observed in many dermatoses, including mastocytosis, a rare disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of mast cells, which can involve skin, bone marrow, and other organs. Increasing evidence highlights the role of mast cells in neurogenic inflammation and itching. Mast cells release various pruritogenic mediators, initiating subsequent mutual communication with specific nociceptors on sensory nerve fibres. Among important mediators released by mast cells that induce pruritus, one can distinguish histamine, serotonin, proteases, as well as various cytokines. During neuronal-induced inflammation, mast cells may respond to numerous mediators, including neuropeptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin 1, and nerve growth factor. Currently, treatment of pruritus in mastocytosis is focused on alleviating the effects of mediators secreted by mast cells. However, a deeper understanding of the intricacies of the neurobiology of this disease could help to provide better treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Ul. Szopena 2, PL-35-055 Rzeszów, Poland.
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14
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Georas SN, Donohue P, Connolly M, Wechsler ME. JAK inhibitors for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:953-963. [PMID: 34625142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by intermittent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. Many of the inflammatory pathways implicated in asthma involve cytokines and growth factors that activate Janus kinases (JAKs). The discovery of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was a major breakthrough that revolutionized our understanding of cell growth and differentiation. JAK inhibitors are under active investigation for immune and inflammatory diseases, and they have demonstrated clinical efficacy in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Substantial preclinical data support the idea that inhibiting JAKs will ameliorate airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we review the rationale for use of JAK inhibitors in different asthma endotypes as well as the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting such use. We review preclinical data from the use of systemic and inhaled JAK inhibitors in animal models of asthma and safety data based on the use of JAK inhibitors in other diseases. We conclude that JAK inhibitors have the potential to usher in a new era of anti-inflammatory treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Margaret Connolly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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15
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Yoon J, Pettit K. Improving symptom burden and quality of life in patients with myelofibrosis: current strategies and future directions. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:607-619. [PMID: 34148506 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1944096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelofibrosis (MF) is a complex and aggressive hematologic malignancy resulting from JAK/STAT-driven myeloproliferation and abnormal fibrogenesis. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and negatively impact quality of life and survival. JAK inhibitors improve symptoms and splenomegaly to a variable degree in a proportion of patients, but the effects for many patients are insufficient or short-lived. AREAS COVERED This review examines the constellation of symptoms that befall patients with MF, describes methods to quantify and serially monitor these symptoms, and evaluates pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for disease-related symptoms. The review also includes a discussion of areas of unmet medical need, and proposes future methods for meeting this need. EXPERT OPINION The treatment landscape for MF is evolving rapidly. The most effective therapies or combinations of therapies will likely simultaneously impact both the malignant hematopoietic stem cell and mechanisms of aberrant fibrogenesis that drive this disease. The goals of treatment for patients with myelofibrosis should be to improve length and quality of life. Clinical trials must be designed with these goals in mind, with endpoints focused on overall survival and symptom reduction, as opposed to surrogate endpoints such as spleen volume reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kristen Pettit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Hafezi B, Chan L, Knapp JP, Karimi N, Alizadeh K, Mehrani Y, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Cytokine Storm Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Functional Role of Mast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1761. [PMID: 34359931 PMCID: PMC8308097 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome is a cascade of escalated immune responses disposing the immune system to exhaustion, which might ultimately result in organ failure and fatal respiratory distress. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 can result in uncontrolled production of cytokines and eventually the development of cytokine storm syndrome. Mast cells may react to viruses in collaboration with other cells and lung autopsy findings from patients that died from the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) showed accumulation of mast cells in the lungs that was thought to be the cause of pulmonary edema, inflammation, and thrombosis. In this review, we present evidence that a cytokine response by mast cells may initiate inappropriate antiviral immune responses and cause the development of cytokine storm syndrome. We also explore the potential of mast cell activators as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines and discuss the medications that target the functions of mast cells and could be of value in the treatment of COVID-19. Recognition of the cytokine storm is crucial for proper treatment of patients and preventing the release of mast cell mediators, as impeding the impacts imposed by these mediators could reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hafezi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jason P. Knapp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Kimia Alizadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
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Sarmiento M, Rojas P, Jerez J, Bertín P, Campbell J, García MJ, Pereira J, Triantafilo N, Ocqueteau M. Ruxolitinib for Severe COVID-19-Related Hyperinflammation in Nonresponders to Steroids. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:620-626. [PMID: 34111867 PMCID: PMC8339052 DOI: 10.1159/000516464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Although most patients present a mild infection, effective strategies are required for patients who develop the severe disease. Anti-inflammatory treatment with JAK inhibitors has been considered in SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In this study, we presented our experience in a group of severe SARS-CoV-2 Chilean patients. This prospective study was performed on consecutive patients presenting severe respiratory failure owing to COVID-19 or high-risk clinical condition associated with SARS-CoV-2, and who were treated with ruxolitinib for management of associated inflammation. Overall, 18 patients presenting SARS-CoV-2 viral-induced hyperinflammation were treated with ruxolitinib, with 16 patients previously treated with steroids, 4 with tocilizumab, and 3 with both treatments. RESULTS Ten patients evolved with favorable response, including 7 patients admitted with severe respiratory failure (PaFi less than 200 mm Hg in high-flow nasal cannula), presenting complete regression of hyperinflammation, regression of the lung lesions, and subsequent discharge. In the remaining 8 patients, 25% showed reduced inflammation, but early discharge was not achieved owing to the slow evolution of respiratory failure. Unfortunately, 3 patients demonstrated a severe respiratory failure. The early initiation of ruxolitinib was found to be associated with better clinical evolution (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION In this study, ruxolitinib resolved hyperinflammatory state in 55% of the patients, regardless of the previous steroid or tocilizumab therapy. Unfortunately, few patients demonstrated severe evolution despite ruxolitinib therapy. Notably, the treatment starting time appears to play an important role in achieving good outcomes. Further validation in randomized controlled trials is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Sarmiento
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Mauricio Sarmiento,
| | - Patricio Rojas
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquin Jerez
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Bertín
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James Campbell
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria J. García
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Pereira
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Triantafilo
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Ocqueteau
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Clinical Hospital, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Guo Y, Proaño-Pérez E, Muñoz-Cano R, Martin M. Anaphylaxis: Focus on Transcription Factor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094935. [PMID: 34066544 PMCID: PMC8124588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction, rapid in onset, and can lead to fatal consequences if not promptly treated. The incidence of anaphylaxis has risen at an alarming rate in past decades and continues to rise. Therefore, there is a general interest in understanding the molecular mechanism that leads to an exacerbated response. The main effector cells are mast cells, commonly triggered by stimuli that involve the IgE-dependent or IgE-independent pathway. These signaling pathways converge in the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as histamine, tryptases, prostaglandins, etc., in minutes. The action and cell targets of these proinflammatory mediators are linked to the pathophysiologic consequences observed in this severe allergic reaction. While many molecules are involved in cellular regulation, the expression and regulation of transcription factors involved in the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators and secretory granule homeostasis are of special interest, due to their ability to control gene expression and change phenotype, and they may be key in the severity of the entire reaction. In this review, we will describe our current understanding of the pathophysiology of human anaphylaxis, focusing on the transcription factors' contributions to this systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Host mutation in transcription factor expression, or deregulation of their activity in an anaphylaxis context, will be updated. So far, the risk of anaphylaxis is unpredictable thus, increasing our knowledge of the molecular mechanism that leads and regulates mast cell activity will enable us to improve our understanding of how anaphylaxis can be prevented or treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Guo
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.G.); (E.P.-P.)
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elizabeth Proaño-Pérez
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.G.); (E.P.-P.)
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Allergy Section, Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- ARADyAL (Asthma, Drug Adverse Reactions and Allergy) Research Network, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martin
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.G.); (E.P.-P.)
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- ARADyAL (Asthma, Drug Adverse Reactions and Allergy) Research Network, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4024541; Fax: +34-93-4035882
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Giménez-Arnau AM, DeMontojoye L, Asero R, Cugno M, Kulthanan K, Yanase Y, Hide M, Kaplan AP. The Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: The Role of Infiltrating Cells. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2195-2208. [PMID: 33823316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria is characterized by a perivascular non-necrotizing cellular infiltrate around small venules of the skin. It consists primarily of CD4(+) lymphocytes, a prominence of the T helper (Th)2 subtype but also Th1 cells, with Th17 cell-derived cytokines elevated in plasma. There are also neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes. Chemokines derived from mast cells and activated endothelial cells drive the process. Although the role of the cellular infiltrate has not previously been addressed, each constituent can contribute to the overall pathogenesis. It is of interest that CSU responds to corticosteroid, yet, short-term steroids do not affect autoimmunity or degranulation of mast cells, and act on margination of cells along the endothelium and chemotaxis to enter the surrounding dermis. In this review, we address each cell's contribution to the overall inflammatory response, as it is currently understood, with a view toward development of therapeutic options that impede the function of critical cells and/or their secretory products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence DeMontojoye
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc and Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology Pole, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Massimo Cugno
- Medicina Interna, Dipartmento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuhki Yanase
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Allen P Kaplan
- Divison of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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Chi Y, Liu R, Zhou ZX, Shi XD, Ding YC, Li JG. Ruxolitinib treatment permits lower cumulative glucocorticoid dosing in children with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33794928 PMCID: PMC8015074 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the effects of ruxolitinib on children with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). METHODS Eleven pediatric patients diagnosed with HLH and treated with ruxolitinib (ruxolitinib group: group R) between November 2017 and August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven age-matched pediatric patients with HLH undergoing conventional treatment (control group: group C) during the same period were also analyzed. RESULTS In group R, three patients who did not respond to methylprednisolone (MP) pulse and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapies were treated with Ruxolitinib and their temperature decreased to normal levels. Four patients had normal temperature after conventional treatment (dexamethasone and etoposide, with or without cyclosporine A), but they had severe organ involvement, including obvious yellowing of the skin, increased liver enzyme levels and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and they were all ameliorated with ruxolitinib treatment. Four patients were relieved with ruxolitinib therapy alone. In group C, the body temperatures of eleven patients decreased to normal levels after conventional treatment. The body temperature of group R patients decreased to normal levels more rapidly than that of group C patients. The glucocorticoid dosage in group R was significantly lower than that in group C. Both groups were followed-up for 2-2.5 years. No obvious adverse drug reactions to ruxolitinib were observed during treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib might be an effective drug in controlling body temperature and reducing inflammation indicators. It might be a potential replacement for glucocorticoid therapy for HLH treatment in children, thereby reducing or avoiding glucocorticoid-related adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chi
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Rong Liu
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Zhi-xuan Zhou
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Xiao-dong Shi
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yu-chuan Ding
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jian-guo Li
- grid.459434.bChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 China
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21
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Hermans MAW, van Stigt AC, van de Meerendonk S, Schrijver B, van Daele PLA, van Hagen PM, van Splunter M, Dik WA. Human Mast Cell Line HMC1 Expresses Functional Mas-Related G-Protein Coupled Receptor 2. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625284. [PMID: 33790895 PMCID: PMC8006456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is prominently expressed by mast cells and induces degranulation upon binding by different ligands. Its activation has been linked to various mast cell-related diseases, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis and asthma. Therefore, inhibition of MRGPRX2 activity represents a therapeutic target for these conditions. However, the exact pathophysiology of this receptor is still unknown. In vitro research with mast cells is often hampered by the technical limitations of available cell lines. The human mast cell types LAD2 and HuMC (human mast cells cultured from CD34+ progenitor cells) most closely resemble mature human mast cells, yet have a very slow growth rate. A fast proliferating alternative is the human mast cell line HMC1, but they are considered unsuitable for degranulation assays due to their immature phenotype. Moreover, the expression and functionality of MRGPRX2 on HMC1 is controversial. Here, we describe the MRGPRX2 expression and functionality in HMC1 cells, and compare these with LAD2 and HuMC. We also propose a model to render HMC1 suitable for degranulation assays by pre-incubating them with latrunculin-B (Lat-B). Expression of MRGPRX2 by HMC1 was proven by RQ-PCR and flowcytometry, although at lower levels compared with LAD2 and HuMC. Pre-incubation of HMC1 cells with Lat-B significantly increased the overall degranulation capacity, without significantly changing their MRGPRX2 expression, phenotype or morphology. The MRGPRX2 specific compound 48/80 (C48/80) effectively induced degranulation of HMC1 as measured by CD63 membrane expression and β-hexosaminidase release, albeit in lower levels than for LAD2 or HuMC. HMC1, LAD2 and HuMC each had different degranulation kinetics upon stimulation with C48/80. Incubation with the MRGPRX2 specific inhibitor QWF inhibited C48/80-induced degranulation, confirming the functionality of MRGPRX2 on HMC1. In conclusion, HMC1 cells have lower levels of MRGPRX2 expression than LAD2 or HuMC, but are attractive for in vitro research because of their high growth rate and stable phenotype. HMC1 can be used to study MRGPRX2-mediated degranulation after pre-incubation with Lat-B, which provides the opportunity to explore MPRGRX2 biology in mast cells in a feasible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud A W Hermans
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Astrid C van Stigt
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne van de Meerendonk
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Schrijver
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petrus M van Hagen
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes van Splunter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Zhang T, Huang L, Peng J, Zhang JH, Zhang H. LJ529 attenuates mast cell-related inflammation via A 3R-PKCε-ALDH2 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113686. [PMID: 33713658 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mast cells (MCs) has been recognized as an effector of inflammation or a trigger of inflammatory factors during stroke. LJ529 was reported to attenuate inflammation through a Gi protein-coupled Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) after ischemia. Here, we aim to study the protective effect and its mechanism of LJ529 in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rat model for mast cell-related inflammation. METHODS 155 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were used in experiments. Endovascular perforation was used for SAH model. Intraperitoneal LJ529 was performed 1 h after SAH. Neurological scores were measured 24 h after SAH. Rotarod and morris water maze tests were evaluated for 21 days after SAH. Mast cell degranulation was assessed with Toluidine blue staining and Chymase/Typtase protein expressions. Mast cell-related inflammation was evaluated using IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 protein expressions. MRS1523, inhibitor of GPR18 and ε-V1-2, inhibitor of PKCε were respectively given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 h and 30 min before SAH for mechanism studies. Pathway related proteins were investigated with western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Expression of A3R, PKCε increased after SAH. LJ529 treatment attenuated mast cell degranulation and inflammation. Meanwhile, both short-term and long-term neurological functions were improved after LJ529 treatment. Administration of LJ529 resulted in increased expressions of A3R, PKCε, ALDH2 proteins and decreased expressions of Chymase, Typtase, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 proteins. MRS1523 abolished the treatment effects of LJ529 on neurobehavior and protein levels. ε-V1-2 also reversed the outcomes of LJ529 administration through reduction in protein expressions downstream of PKCε. CONCLUSIONS LJ529 attenuated mast cell-related inflammation through inhibiting degranulation via A3R-PKCε-ALDH2 pathway after SAH. LJ529 may serve as a potential treatment strategy to relieve post-SAH brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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23
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Li W, Yuan B, Zhao Y, Lu T, Zhang S, Ding Z, Wang D, Zhong S, Gao G, Yan M. Transcriptome profiling reveals target in primary myelofibrosis together with structural biology study on novel natural inhibitors regarding JAK2. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8248-8275. [PMID: 33686952 PMCID: PMC8034969 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify effective targets for carcinogenesis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), as well as to screen ideal lead compounds with potential inhibition effect on Janus kinase 2 to contribute to the medication design and development. Gene expression profiles of GSE26049, GSE53482, GSE61629 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes were identified, and functional enrichment analyses such as Gene Ontology, protein-protein interaction network etc., were performed step by step. Subsequently, highly-precise computational techniques were conducted to identify potential inhibitors of JAK2. A series of structural biology methods including virtual screening, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction, molecule docking, molecular dynamics simulation etc., were implemented to discover novel natural compounds. Results elucidated that PMF patients had abnormal LCN2, JAK2, MMP8, CAMP, DEFA4, LTF, MPO, HBD, STAT4, EBF1 mRNA expression compared to normal patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in erythrocyte differentiation, neutrophil degranulation and killing cells of other organisms. Two novel natural compounds, ZINC000013513540 and ZINC000004099068 were found binding to JAK2 with favorable interaction energy together with high binding affinity. They were predicted with non-Ames mutagenicity, low-rodent carcinogenicity, less developmental toxicity potential as well as non-toxicity with liver. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that these two complexes: ZINC000013513540-JAK2 and ZINC000004099068-JAK2 could exist stably under natural circumstances. In conclusion, this study revealed hub genes in the carcinogenesis of PMF. ZINC000013513540 and ZINC000004099068 were promising drugs in dealing with PMF. This study may also accelerate exploration of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingjing Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianxing Lu
- Hou Zonglian Medical Experimental Class, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Babina M, Wang Z, Franke K, Zuberbier T. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Promotes MRGPRX2-Triggered Degranulation of Skin Mast Cells in a STAT5-Dependent Manner with Further Support from JNK. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010102. [PMID: 33429916 PMCID: PMC7826995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is released by epithelial cells following disturbed homeostasis to act as “alarmin” and driver of Th2-immunity. Aberrant TSLP expression is a hallmark of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Mast cells (MCs) are overabundant in AD lesions and show signs of degranulation, but it remains unknown whether TSLP contributes to granule discharge. Degranulation of skin MCs proceeds via two major routes, i.e., FcεRI-dependent (allergic) and MRGPRX2-mediated (pseudo-allergic/neurogenic). Evidence is accumulating that MRGPRX2 may be crucial in the context of skin diseases, including eczema. The current study reveals TSLP as a novel priming factor of human skin MCs. Interestingly, TSLP selectively cooperates with MRGPRX2 to support granule discharge, while it does not impact spontaneous or FcεRI-driven exocytosis. TSLP-assisted histamine liberation triggered by compound 48/80 or Substance P, two canonical MRGPRX2 agonists, was accompanied by an increase in CD107a+ cells (a MC activation marker). The latter process was less potent, however, and detectable only at the later of two time points, suggesting TSLP may prolong opening of the granules. Mechanistically, TSLP elicited phosphorylation of STAT5 and JNK in skin MCs and the reinforced degranulation critically depended on STAT5 activity, while JNK had a contributory role. Results from pharmacological inhibition were confirmed by RNA-interference, whereby silencing of STAT5 completely abolished the priming effect of TSLP on MRGPRX2-mediated degranulation. Collectively, TSLP is the first factor to favor MRGPRX2- over FcεRI-triggered MC activation. The relevance of TSLP, MCs and MRGPRX2 to pruritis and atopic skin pathology indicates broad repercussions of the identified connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Babina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-1751649539; Fax: +49-30-450518900
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25
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Ali H, Caballero R, Dong SXM, Gajnayaka N, Vranjkovic A, Ahmed D, Iqbal S, Crawley AM, Angel JB, Cassol E, Kumar A. Selective killing of human M1 macrophages by Smac mimetics alone and M2 macrophages by Smac mimetics and caspase inhibition. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:693-710. [PMID: 33404106 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0220-114rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory Mϕs have been implicated in many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and leprosy. Recent studies suggest targeting Mϕ function and activation may represent a potential target to treat these diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SMs), the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) proteins, on the killing of human pro- and anti-inflammatory Mϕ subsets. We have shown previously that human monocytes are highly susceptible whereas differentiated Mϕs (M0) are highly resistant to the cytocidal abilities of SMs. To determine whether human Mϕ subsets are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of SMs, we show that M1 Mϕs are highly susceptible to SM-induced cell death whereas M2a, M2b, and M2c differentiated subsets are resistant, with M2c being the most resistant. SM-induced cell death in M1 Mϕs was mediated by apoptosis as well as necroptosis, activated both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, and was attributed to the IFN-γ-mediated differentiation. In contrast, M2c and M0 Mϕs experienced cell death through necroptosis following simultaneous blockage of the IAPs and the caspase pathways. Overall, the results suggest that survival of human Mϕs is critically linked to the activation of the IAPs pathways. Moreover, agents blocking the cellular IAP1/2 and/or caspases can be exploited therapeutically to address inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ramon Caballero
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon X M Dong
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niranjala Gajnayaka
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Agatha Vranjkovic
- Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Iqbal
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Maxon E, Dodd J, Krauland K, Lenz B. Asymptomatic, Red-Brown Macules Symmetrically Distributed on the Trunk and Arms of Adult Male Patients. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:80-81. [PMID: 33337628 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Maxon
- SAUSHEC-Dermatology, Fort Sam Houston, TX; and
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27
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Roberts G, Almqvist C, Boyle R, Crane J, Hogan SP, Marsland B, Saglani S, Woodfolk JA. Developments in the mechanisms of allergy in 2018 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Part I. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 49:1541-1549. [PMID: 31833127 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the first of two linked articles, we describe the development in the mechanisms underlying allergy as described by Clinical & Experimental Allergy and other journals in 2018. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms and clinical mechanisms are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Department of Pathology, Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ben Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Segal Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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28
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Troitzsch P, Panzer R, Emmert S, Thiem A. Aquagener Pruritus als Warnzeichen eines inneren Tumorleidens – eine Fallvorstellung und Literaturübersicht. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1150-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAquagener Pruritus (AP), d. h. Jucken, Kribbeln, Brennen nach Wasserkontakt, ist ein häufiges Symptom bei Polycythaemia vera und anderen myeloproliferativen Neoplasien, kann aber auch unabhängig davon auftreten. Wie andere Formen des Pruritus schränkt AP die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen häufig ein und kann zu einem hohen Leidensdruck führen. Zur Pathogenese existieren unterschiedliche Erklärungsansätze, jedoch kein einheitliches Konzept. Passend dazu sprechen Patienten auch nur zum Teil auf vorhandene Therapien an, die überwiegend off label sind. In dieser Literaturübersicht zum AP werden beschriebene Pathomechanismen diskutiert und mögliche Therapieformen genannt. Ein verbessertes Verständnis von AP soll dazu beitragen, dieses Symptom zu erkennen und an mögliche zugrunde liegende Erkrankungen, insbesondere an ein inneres Tumorleiden, zu denken.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Troitzsch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - R. Panzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S. Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - A. Thiem
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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29
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Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB. COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1278. [PMID: 32922297 PMCID: PMC7456869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 binds the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface and this complex is internalized. ACE2 serves as an endogenous inhibitor of inflammatory signals associated with four major regulator systems: the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the complement system, the coagulation cascade, and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Understanding the pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 on these pathways is needed, particularly given the current lack of proven, effective treatments. The vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory conditions induced by SARS-CoV-2 can be ascribed, at least in part, to the activation of these intersecting physiological networks. Moreover, patients with immune deficiencies, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and kidney disease often have altered activation of these pathways, either due to underlying disease or to medications, and may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Certain characteristic COVID-associated skin, sensory, and central nervous system manifestations may also be linked to viral activation of the RAAS, complement, coagulation, and KKS pathways. Pharmacological interventions that target molecules along these pathways may be useful in mitigating symptoms and preventing organ or tissue damage. While effective anti-viral therapies are critically needed, further study of these pathways may identify effective adjunctive treatments and patients most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Donna R Rivera
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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Goker Bagca B, Biray Avci C. The potential of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition by ruxolitinib in the treatment of COVID-19. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 54:51-62. [PMID: 32636055 PMCID: PMC7305753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is the first approved JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, and is known to interfere with the JAK / STAT signaling pathway, one of the critical cellular signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. This review presents an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, and then focuses on the potential efficacy of ruxolitinib in this infection. The potential targets of ruxolitinib were determined by using genetic alterations that have been reported in COVID-19 patients. The potential effectiveness of ruxolitinib is suggested by evaluating the interactions of these potential targets with ruxolitinib or JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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31
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Rojas P, Sarmiento M. JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibition May Be a Promising Therapy for COVID-19-Related Hyperinflammation in Hematologic Patients. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:314-318. [PMID: 32726783 PMCID: PMC7490485 DOI: 10.1159/000510179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has rapidly become a major concern for the health systems worldwide. Its high contagiousness and associated mortality demand the discovery of helpful interventions with promising safety profile. Here, we report 3 severe COVID-19 cases, which achieved rapid and sustained improvement in outcome with the use of ruxolitinib, a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Rojas
- Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Sarmiento
- Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
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32
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Tofacitinib suppresses mast cell degranulation and attenuates experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106737. [PMID: 32615452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic conjunctivitis (AC), a common eye inflammation that affects patients' health and quality of life, is still a therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. Tofacitinib, a new Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, has been successfully used in the treatment of several disorders. Nonetheless, its effect in AC and the potential anti-allergic mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of the current study was to explore the roles of tofacitinib in preventing AC and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Tofacitinib was used topically in BALB/c mice with experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC). Ocular allergic symptoms and biological modifications were examined. To assess the anti-allergic mechanisms of tofacitinib, RBL-2H3 cells and HUVECs were cultured in vitro. The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of tofacitinib were studied and measured by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Topical administration of tofacitinib reduced the clinical symptoms of OVA-induced EAC, with a substantial mitigation in inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and TNF-α mRNA as well as IL-4 mRNA expression. In vitro, tofacitinib repressed the degranulation and cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells and reduced histamine-induced vascular hyperpermeability. The underlying mechanism might involve the downregulation of phosphorylation of JAK3/STATs signaling molecules in RBL-2H3 cells and HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that tofacitinib prevented EAC by targeting the JAK3/STATs pathway. We recommend the use of tofacitinib as an innovative approach for the treatment of AC.
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33
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Bharwani KD, Dik WA, Dirckx M, Huygen FJPM. Highlighting the Role of Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Diagnosis and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:615-626. [PMID: 31363934 PMCID: PMC6775035 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by continuous pain that is often accompanied by sensory, motor, vasomotor, sudomotor, and trophic disturbances. If left untreated, it can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. The diagnosis of CRPS is currently based on a set of relatively subjective clinical criteria: the New International Association for the Study of Pain clinical diagnostic criteria for CRPS. There are still no objective laboratory tests to diagnose CRPS and there is a great need for simple, objective, and easily measurable biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of this disease. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in the multi-mechanism pathophysiology of CRPS and highlight the application of potential biomarkers of inflammation in the diagnosis and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D Bharwani
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Dirckx
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pfeil J, Sanders LM, Anastopoulos I, Lyle AG, Weinstein AS, Xue Y, Blair A, Beale HC, Lee A, Leung SG, Dinh PT, Shah AT, Breese MR, Devine WP, Bjork I, Salama SR, Sweet-Cordero EA, Haussler D, Vaske OM. Hydra: A mixture modeling framework for subtyping pediatric cancer cohorts using multimodal gene expression signatures. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007753. [PMID: 32275708 PMCID: PMC7176284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology has primarily relied on coding mutations as biomarkers of response to therapies. While transcriptome analysis can provide valuable information, incorporation into workflows has been difficult. For example, the relative rather than absolute gene expression level needs to be considered, requiring differential expression analysis across samples. However, expression programs related to the cell-of-origin and tumor microenvironment effects confound the search for cancer-specific expression changes. To address these challenges, we developed an unsupervised clustering approach for discovering differential pathway expression within cancer cohorts using gene expression measurements. The hydra approach uses a Dirichlet process mixture model to automatically detect multimodally distributed genes and expression signatures without the need for matched normal tissue. We demonstrate that the hydra approach is more sensitive than widely-used gene set enrichment approaches for detecting multimodal expression signatures. Application of the hydra analysis framework to small blue round cell tumors (including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma) identified expression signatures associated with changes in the tumor microenvironment. The hydra approach also identified an association between ATRX deletions and elevated immune marker expression in high-risk neuroblastoma. Notably, hydra analysis of all small blue round cell tumors revealed similar subtypes, characterized by changes to infiltrating immune and stromal expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pfeil
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Sanders
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - A. Geoffrey Lyle
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Alana S. Weinstein
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Yuanqing Xue
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Blair
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Holly C. Beale
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley G. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Phuong T. Dinh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus R. Breese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Isabel Bjork
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Olena Morozova Vaske
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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Keski H. Association of mast cells and bone marrow reticulin fibrosis in patients with bcr-abl negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 82:102420. [PMID: 32179412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the association of bone marrow mast cell numbers (MCN) and the degree of reticulin fibrosis in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). METHODS This was a case-control study that recruited 47 patients who were diagnosed with bcr-abl negative MPN. Thirty patients with lymphoma served as controls. JAK2 mutation was studied and all subjects underwent bone marrow biopsy at the time of diagnosis. Mast and CD34+ cells were counted. Marrow reticulin fiber was graded. RESULTS Thirty-four patients had essential thrombocythemia (ET), 8 patients had primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 5 patients had polycythemia vera (PV). Fourteen MPN patients had JAK2, whereas the controls had not. MCN was higher in patients than controls (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference regarding CD34. Reticulin fibrosis was present in 57.4% of MPN patients, whereas there was any in controls. PMF patients had more CD34 + cells than PV and ET. PMF patients had more reticulin fibers compared with other subgroups (p < 0.001). MCN, but not CD34+ cell counts, was significantly higher in JAK2(+) patients than JAK2(-) patients. CONCLUSION MCN and reticulin fibrosis were significantly increased in MPN patients. JAK2 positivity had significantly increased MCN compared to patients without JAK2. JAK2 was associated with increased reticulin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Keski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Weinstock LB, Walters AS, Brook JB, Kaleem Z, Afrin LB, Molderings GJ. Restless legs syndrome is associated with mast cell activation syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:401-408. [PMID: 31994488 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is an inflammatory and allergic disorder. We determined the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in MCAS because each common syndrome may be inflammatory in nature and associated with dysautonomia. METHODS Individuals with MCAS were evaluated for RLS by two standard questionnaires. Prevalence comparisons included spouse control patients and two prevalence publications. MCAS diagnosis required mast cell (MC) symptoms in ≥ 2 organs plus ≥ 1 elevated MC mediators, improvement with MC therapy, and/or increased intestinal MC density. Clinical variables were studied. RESULTS There were 174 patients with MCAS (146 female, 28 male, mean age 44.8 years) and 85 spouse control patients (12 female, 73 male, mean age 50.9 years). Patients with MCAS as a whole had a higher prevalence of RLS (40.8%) than spouse control (12.9%) (P < .0001) Male patients with MCAS had a higher prevalence of RLS (32.1%) than male controls (12.3%, odds ratio [OR] 3.4, confidence interval [CI] 1.2-9.7, P = .025), American men (8.4%, OR 5.2, CI 2.2-12.0, P < .001), and French men (5.8%, OR 7.7, CI 3.4-17.1, P < .001). Female patients with MCAS also had a higher prevalence of RLS (42.5%) than female controls (16.7%) but this did not reach statistical significance perhaps because of the sample size of the female controls. However, female patients with MCAS had a statistically higher prevalence of RLS than American women (10.0%, OR 6.7, CI 4.5-9.7, P < .0001) and French women (10.8%, OR 6.1, CI 4.4-8.6, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS RLS appears to be associated with MCAS. Effects of mast cell mediators, inflammation, immune mechanisms, dysautonomia, or hypoxia may theoretically activate RLS in MCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B Weinstock
- Washington University School of Medicine, Specialists in Gastroenterology, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arthur S Walters
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Zahid Kaleem
- Specialists in Gastroenterology, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri
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Montjoye L, Choteau M, Herman A, Hendrickx E, Chéou P, Baeck M, Dumoutier L. IL-6 and IL-1β expression is increased in autologous serum skin test of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 2019; 74:2522-2524. [PMID: 31125442 DOI: 10.1111/all.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Montjoye
- Department of Dermatology Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology Pole Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Mathilde Choteau
- de Duve Institute Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Anne Herman
- Department of Dermatology Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology Pole Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Emilie Hendrickx
- de Duve Institute Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Paméla Chéou
- de Duve Institute Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of Dermatology Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology Pole Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- de Duve Institute Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium
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Relevant updates in systemic mastocytosis. Leuk Res 2019; 81:10-18. [PMID: 30978435 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that is characterized by a clonal proliferation of mast cells (MCs). The symptoms and clinical presentation of SM are the result of both MC proliferation as well as activation and degranulation, causing hyperactive and over-exaggerated hypersensitivity responses, as well as organ infiltration by pathogenic MCs. The clinical presentation and course of SM is varied and organ involvement can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in some cases. The subtypes of SM include indolent SM (ISM), smoldering SM (SSM), aggressive SM (ASM), SM with associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN) and mast cell leukemia (MCL) and survival can range from normal in the case of ISM to months in MCL. The treatment of indolent forms of SM is largely focused on addressing symptom burden (B findings), while cytoreductive agents and more recently molecularly targeted agents are employed to reduce MC burden and reverse associated organ dysfunction (C findings). Although the pathogenesis of SM is multi-factorial, the acquisition of KIT D816 V is a relatively frequent mutational event and serves as the target of novel agents. The recent approval of midostaurin for the treatment of advanced SM has brought awareness to this disease and energized further drug development efforts. Expanding our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of SM will continue to inform future therapeutic approaches.
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