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Das A, Wang X, Devonshire K, Lyons EJ, Popescu I, Zhou Z, Li J, Sembrat J, Pilewski J, Zou C, Alder JK, Chen BB, Snyder ME, McDyer JF. IL-10 Is Critical for Regulation of Cytotoxic CD4+NKG7+ T Cells in Lung Allograft Rejection but Is Not Required for Allograft Acceptance. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:898-905. [PMID: 39072690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lung transplant remains the primary therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease, but long-term survival rates remain suboptimal compared with other solid organ transplants. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a significant challenge in lung transplant recipients, with T cell-mediated mechanisms playing a major role. IL-10 is known for its immunoregulatory function, although its specific role in lung allograft rejection remains unclear. Using the mouse orthotopic lung transplant model, we investigated the role of IL-10 in regulating alloeffector T cell responses. Unexpectedly, we found that IL-10 was not required for early costimulation blockade-induced allograft acceptance. However, IL-10 deficiency or blockade resulted in increased CD4+ T cell numbers, proliferation, graft infiltration, and alloeffector responses. In the absence of IL-10, CD4+ T cell responses predominated over CD8 responses during ACR in contrast to wild-type mice. Type 1 immunity (IFN-γ) responses along with elevated CD4+NKG7+ and CD4+CD107a+ responses predominated during ACR, highlighting a critical regulatory role for IL-10 in modulating CD4+ T cell alloimmune responses. We further demonstrated increased colocalization of NKG7 and CD107a in CD4+ T cells from IL-10-deficient allografts, suggesting coordination in cytotoxic activity. Together, our findings highlight a critical role for IL-10 in regulation of cytotoxic CD4+NKG7+ T cells, an effector population that needs further investigation to elucidate their role in lung allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antu Das
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xingan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kaitlyn Devonshire
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily J Lyons
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zihe Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bill B Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Sánchez-Ponce Y, Murillo-Eliosa JR, Morales-Sanchez A, Fuentes-Pananá EM. Cytokine Dynamics and Herpesvirus Interactions in Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Distinct Behavior of HCMV, HHV6, HHV7 and EBV. Viruses 2024; 16:1067. [PMID: 39066229 PMCID: PMC11281388 DOI: 10.3390/v16071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face a challenging balance between immunosuppression and graft rejection. While Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are known contributors to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and graft rejection, respectively, the roles of herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7) and the impact of these herpesviruses on cytokine levels remain unclear, leading to gaps in clinical practice. In this associative study, we measured 17 cytokines using a Bio-Plex assay in a meticulously curated plasma sample pool (N = 158) from pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients over a one-year follow-up period. The samples included virus-negative and virus-positive cases, either individually or in combination, along with episodes of graft rejection. We observed that the elevation of IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 correlated with graft rejection. These cytokines were elevated in samples where HCMV or HHV6 were detected alone or where EBV and HHV7 were co-detected. Interestingly, latent EBV, when detected independently, exhibited an immunomodulatory effect by downregulating cytokine levels. However, in co-detection scenarios with β-herpesviruses, EBV transitioned to a lytic state, also associating with heightened cytokinemia and graft rejection. These findings highlight the complex interactions between the immune response and herpesviruses in transplant recipients. The study advocates for enhanced monitoring of not only EBV and HCMV but also HHV6 and HHV7, providing valuable insights for improved risk assessment and targeted interventions in pediatric SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Sánchez-Ponce
- Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-P.); (A.M.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Abigail Morales-Sanchez
- Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-P.); (A.M.-S.)
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3
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Khan MA, Lau CL, Krupnick AS. Monitoring regulatory T cells as a prognostic marker in lung transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235889. [PMID: 37818354 PMCID: PMC10561299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the major surgical procedure, which restores normal lung functioning and provides years of life for patients suffering from major lung diseases. Lung transplant recipients are at high risk of primary graft dysfunction, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in the form of bronchiolitis obliterative syndrome (BOS). Regulatory T cell (Treg) suppresses effector cells and clinical studies have demonstrated that Treg levels are altered in transplanted lung during BOS progression as compared to normal lung. Here, we discuss levels of Tregs/FOXP3 gene expression as a crucial prognostic biomarker of lung functions during CLAD progression in clinical lung transplant recipients. The review will also discuss Treg mediated immune tolerance, tissue repair, and therapeutic strategies for achieving in-vivo Treg expansion, which will be a potential therapeutic option to reduce inflammation-mediated graft injuries, taper the toxic side effects of ongoing immunosuppressants, and improve lung transplant survival rates.
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4
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Li H, Yu S, Chen L, Liu H, Shen C. Immunomodulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation: Status and Prospects. Dig Dis 2023; 42:41-52. [PMID: 37729883 DOI: 10.1159/000534003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective therapy for end-stage liver diseases, but some patients usually present with serious infection and immune rejection. Those with immune rejection require long-term administration of immunosuppressants, leading to serious adverse effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various advantages in immune regulation and are promising drugs most likely to replace immunosuppressants. SUMMARY This study summarized the application of MSCs monotherapy, its combination with immunosuppressants, MSCs genetic modification, and MSCs derivative therapy (cell-free therapy) in LT. This may deepen the understanding of immunomodulatory role of MSCs and promote the application of MSCs in immune rejection treatment after LT. KEY MESSAGES MSCs could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune rejection. There is no consensus on the effects of types and concentrations of immunosuppressants on MSCs. Although genetically modified MSCs have contributed to better outcomes to some extent, the best modification is still unclear. Besides, multiple clinical complications developed frequently after LT. Unfortunately, there are still few studies on the polygenic modification of MSCs for the simultaneous treatment of these complications. Therefore, more studies should be performed to investigate the potency of multi-gene modified MSCs in treating complications after LT. Additionally, MSC derivatives mainly include exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and conditioned medium. Despite therapeutic effects, these three therapies still have some limitations such as heterogeneity between generations and that they cannot be quantified accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saihua Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Conglong Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome: Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021277. [PMID: 36674790 PMCID: PMC9864323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine and proved to have significant therapeutic potential in many different pathological conditions. The role of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine components, namely secretome. However, the components of MSC-derived secretome are not constant and are affected by the stimulation MSCs are exposed to. Therefore, the content and composition of secretome can be regulated by the pretreatment of MSCs. We summarize the effects of different pretreatments on MSCs and their secretome, focusing on their immunomodulatory properties, in order to provide new insights for the therapeutic application of MSCs and their secretome in inflammatory immune diseases.
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Gao X, You Z, Li Y, Kang X, Yang W, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhao X, Sun Y, Shen H, Dai J. Multifunctional hydrogel modulates the immune microenvironment to improve allogeneic spinal cord tissue survival for complete spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:235-246. [PMID: 36384221 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of allogeneic adult spinal cord tissues (aSCTs) to replace the injured spinal cord, serves as a promising strategy in complete spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. However, in addition to allograft immune rejection, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated inflammatory microenvironments greatly impair the survival and function of transplants. In this study, we aimed to regulate the immune microenvironment after aSCT implantation by developing a functional hybrid gelatin and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (F-G/H) modified with cationic polymers and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can gelatinize at both ends of the aSCT to glue the grafts for perfect matching at defects. The F-G/H hydrogel exhibited the capacities of DAMP scavenging, sustainably released anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced lymphocyte accumulation, thereby modulating the immune response and enhancing the survival and function of aSCTs. When the hydrogel was used in combination with a systemic immunosuppressive drug treatment, the locomotor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after aSCTs and F-G/H transplantation. This biomaterial-based immunomodulatory strategy may provide the potential for spinal cord graft replacement for treating SCI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we aimed to regulate the immune microenvironment by developing a functional hybrid gelatin and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (F-G/H) modified with cationic polymers and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can gelatinize at both ends of the aSCT to glue the grafts for perfect matching at defects. We found that with the treatment of F-G/H hydrogel, the aSCT survival and function was significantly improved, as a result of reducing recruitment and activation of immune cells through TLR- and ST-2- related signaling. With the combination of immunosuppressive drug treatment, the locomotor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after aSCTs and F-G/H transplantation. Findings from this work suggest the potential application of the F-G/H as a biomaterial-based immunoregulatory strategy for improving the therapeutic efficiency of the transplanted spinal cord graft for spinal cord injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yifu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
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7
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Tsai H, Wu Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Su D, Khan FU, Zhu X, Yang R, Pang Y, Eriksson JE, Zhu H, Wang D, Jia B, Cheng F, Chen H. Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles as a FGL1/PD-L1 Dual-Targeting Delivery System for Alleviating Immune Rejection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102634. [PMID: 34738731 PMCID: PMC8787398 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing new immunosuppressive agents due to the toxicity of long-term use of broad immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation. Comprehensive sample analysis revealed dysregulation of FGL1/LAG-3 and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoints in allogeneic heart transplantation mice and clinical kidney transplant patients. In order to enhance these two immunosuppressive signal axes, a bioengineering strategy is developed to simultaneously display FGL1/PD-L1 (FP) on the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Among various cell sources, FP sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only enriches FGL1/PD-L1 expression but also maintain the immunomodulatory properties of unmodified MSC sEVs. Next, it is confirmed that FGL1 and PD-L1 on sEVs are specifically bound to their receptors, LAG-3 and PD-1 on target cells. Importantly, FP sEVs significantly inhibite T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and a heart allograft model. Furthermore, FP sEVs encapsulated with low-dose FK506 (FP sEVs@FK506) exert stronger effects on inhibiting T cell proliferation, reducing CD8+ T cell density and cytokine production in the spleens and heart grafts, inducing regulatory T cells in lymph nodes, and extending graft survival. Taken together, dual-targeting sEVs have the potential to boost the immune inhibitory signalings in synergy and slow down transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang‐i Tsai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Zhanxue Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Huanxi Zhang
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral SurgeryStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R China
| | - Linglu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Weixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- School of Traditional Medicine Materials ResourceGuangdong Pharmaceutical University YunfuGuangdong527322China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of DermatologyThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalPeking100010China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- School of Traditional Medicine Materials ResourceGuangdong Pharmaceutical University YunfuGuangdong527322China
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Cell BiologyBiosciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFI‐20520Finland
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral SurgeryStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
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8
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Assadiasl S, Mooney N, Nicknam MH. Cytokines in Liver Transplantation. Cytokine 2021; 148:155705. [PMID: 34564024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, soluble mediators of the immune system, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, allergic and infectious diseases. They are also implicated in the initiation and development of allograft rejection. During recent years, there have been considerable advances in generating novel anti-cytokine agents with promoted efficacy and safety, which could be administrated for managing dysregulated cytokine secretion; besides, gene therapy for overexpression of immunomodulatory cytokines has shown substantial improvements. Liver transplantation has been established as a life-saving treatment for end-stage hepatic diseases but the growing number of recipients urge for improved post-transplant care including tolerance induction, infection control and resolving immunosuppressant drugs adverse effects. Cytokines with a wide range of proinflammatory and regulatory properties might be considered as potential therapeutic targets for selective suppression or enhancement of the immune responses in recipients. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the positive and negative effects of cytokines on liver allograft in addition to their prognostic and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nuala Mooney
- Human Immunology and Immunopathology, Inserm UMR 976, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Improve Allotransplantation Outcome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092325. [PMID: 34571974 PMCID: PMC8469056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are tissue-derived progenitor cells with immunomodulatory as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, and have been widely applied as cellular therapeutics in different disease systems in both preclinical models and clinical studies. Although many studies have applied MSCs in different types of allotransplantation, the efficacy varies. It has been demonstrated that preconditioning MSCs prior to in vivo administration may enhance their efficacy. In the field of organ/tissue allotransplantation, many recent studies have shown that preconditioning of MSCs with (1) pretreatment with bioactive factors or reagents such as cytokines, or (2) specific gene transfection, could prolong allotransplant survival and improve allotransplant function. Herein, we review these preconditioning strategies and discuss potential directions for further improvement.
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10
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Li SW, Cai Y, Mao XL, He SQ, Chen YH, Yan LL, Zhou JJ, Song YQ, Ye LP, Zhou XB. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6930263. [PMID: 34531915 PMCID: PMC8440082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6930263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-qin He
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-qi Song
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Refaie AF, Elbassiouny BL, Kloc M, Sabek OM, Khater SM, Ismail AM, Mohamed RH, Ghoneim MA. From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Immunological Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690623. [PMID: 34248981 PMCID: PMC8262452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been the subject matter of many studies over the past few decades. The wide availability, negligible teratogenic risks and differentiation potential of MSCs promise a therapeutic alternative to traditional exogenous insulin injections or pancreatic transplantation. However, conflicting arguments have been reported regarding the immunological profile of MSCs. While some studies support their immune-privileged, immunomodulatory status and successful use in the treatment of several immune-mediated diseases, others maintain that allogeneic MSCs trigger immune responses, especially following differentiation or in vivo transplantation. In this review, the intricate mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory functions and the influencing variables are critically addressed. Furthermore, proposed avenues to enhance these effects, including cytokine pretreatment, coadministration of mTOR inhibitors, the use of Tregs and gene manipulation, are presented. As an alternative, the selection of high-benefit, low-risk donors based on HLA matching, PD-L1 expression and the absence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are also discussed. Finally, the necessity for the transplantation of human MSC (hMSC)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) into humanized mice is highlighted since this strategy may provide further insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cell and Microbiology Biology, Weill Cornell Medical Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Chang X, Ma Z, Zhu G, Lu Y, Yang J. New perspective into mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular mechanisms regulating osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100372. [PMID: 34258182 PMCID: PMC8254115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of osteosarcoma cells from osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells remains controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the development of osteosarcoma by influencing the tumor microenvironment and mediating cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes secreted by them can be used as good genes and drug carriers for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Mesenchymal stem cells from different tissue sources have different regulatory effects on the development of osteosarcoma.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with significant potential for regenerative medicine. The tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma is an intricate system and MSCs act as an indispensable part of this, interacting with the tumor microenvironment (TME) during the process. MSCs link to cells by acting on each component in the TME via autocrine or paracrine extracellular vesicles for cellular communication. Because of their unique characteristics, MSCs can be modified and processed into good biological carriers, loaded with drugs, and transfected with anticancer genes for the targeted treatment of osteosarcoma. Previous high-quality reviews have described the biological characteristics of MSCs; this review will discuss the effects of MSCs on the components of the TME and cellular communication and the prospects for clinical applications of MSCs.
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Key Words
- 3TSR, Three type 1 repeats
- 5 FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived MSCs
- AQP1, Aquaporin-1
- BMSC-derived exosomes, BMSC-Exos
- BMSCs, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- CAFs, Carcinoma-associated-fibroblasts
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CSF, Colony-stimulating factor
- Cellular communication
- Clinical application
- DOX, Doxorubicin
- DP-MSCs, Dental pulp-derived MSCs, hUC-MSCs, Human umbilical cord MSCs
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- GBM, Glioblastoma
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- LINE-1, Long interspersing element 1
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MSC-Exos, MSC-derived exosomes
- MSC-MVs, MSC microvesicles
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- OS, osteosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- PDGFRα, Platelet derived growth factor receptor α
- PDGFRβ, Platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PDGFα, Platelet derived growth factor α
- S TRAIL, Secretable variant of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- SD-MSCs, stressed MSCs
- SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TME
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRA2B, Transformer 2β
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- hASCs, human adipose stem cells
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- yCD::UPRT, Yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl transferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Guomao Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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13
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Wang LT, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Yen ML, Yen BL. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases: Use of cell-free products and human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1288-1303. [PMID: 34008922 PMCID: PMC8380447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) for immune and inflammatory diseases continues to be popular based on progressive accumulation of preclinical mechanistic evidence. This has led to further expansion in clinical indications from graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and osteoarthritis, to inflammatory liver and pulmonary diseases including COVID‐19. A clear trend is the shift from using autologous to allogeneic MSCs, which can be immediately available as off‐the‐shelf products. In addition, new products such as cell‐free exosomes and human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived MSCs are exciting developments to further prevalent use. Increasing numbers of trials have now published results in which safety of MSCT has been largely demonstrated. While reports of therapeutic endpoints are still emerging, efficacy can be seen for specific indications—including graft‐vs‐host‐disease, strongly Th17‐mediated autoimmune diseases, and osteoarthritis—which are more robustly supported by mechanistic preclinical evidence. In this review, we update and discuss outcomes in current MSCT clinical trials for immune and inflammatory disease, as well as new innovation and emerging trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department & Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Khan MA, Ashoor GA, Shamma T, Alanazi F, Altuhami A, Kazmi S, Ahmed HA, Mohammed Assiri A, Clemens Broering D. IL-10 Mediated Immunomodulation Limits Subepithelial Fibrosis and Repairs Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Airway Allografts. Cells 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 34069395 PMCID: PMC8158696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 plays a vital role in maintaining peripheral immunotolerance and favors a regulatory immune milieu through the suppression of T effector cells. Inflammation-induced microvascular loss has been associated with airway epithelial injury, which is a key pathological source of graft malfunctioning and subepithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. The regulatory immune phase maneuvers alloimmune inflammation through various regulatory modulators, and thereby promotes graft microvascular repair and suppresses the progression of fibrosis after transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic impact of IL-10 on immunotolerance, in particular, the reparative microenvironment, which negates airway epithelial injury, and fibrosis in a mouse model of airway graft rejection. Here, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and serially monitored the phase of immunotolerance, graft microvasculature, inflammatory cytokines, airway epithelium, and subepithelial collagen in rejecting airway transplants. We demonstrated that the IL-10 depletion suppresses FOXP3+ Tregs, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), graft microvasculature, and establishes a pro-inflammatory phase, which augments airway epithelial injury and subepithelial collagen deposition while the IL-10 reconstitution facilitates FOXP3+ Tregs, TSG-6 deposition, graft microvasculature, and thereby favors airway epithelial repair and subepithelial collagen suppression. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10-associated immunotolerance on microvascular, epithelial, and fibrotic remodeling, which could provide a vital therapeutic option to rescue rejecting transplants in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | | | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
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15
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Strategies to Potentiate Paracrine Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073397. [PMID: 33806241 PMCID: PMC8037333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as cell therapeutics for various immune disorders using their immunoregulatory properties mainly exerted by their paracrine functions. However, variation among cells from different donors, as well as rapid clearance after transplantation have impaired the uniform efficacy of MSCs and limited their application. Recently, several strategies to overcome this limitation have been suggested and proven in pre-clinical settings. Therefore, in this review article, we will update the knowledge on bioengineering strategies to improve the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, including genetic modification and physical engineering.
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16
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Iske J, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. The Fetal-Maternal Immune Interface in Uterus Transplantation. Trends Immunol 2021; 41:213-224. [PMID: 32109373 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uterus transplants (UTxs) have been performed worldwide. Overall frequencies have been low, but globally initiated UTx programs are expected to increase clinical implementation. The uterus constitutes a unique immunological environment with specific features of tissue renewal and a receptive endometrium. Decidual immune cells facilitate embryo implantation and placenta development. Although UTx adds to the complexity of immunity during pregnancy and transplantation, the procedure provides a unique clinical and experimental model. We posit that understanding the distinct immunological properties at the interface of the transplanted uterus, the fetus and maternal circulation might provide valuable novel insights while improving outcomes for UTx. Here, we discuss immunological challenges and opportunities of UTx affecting mother, pregnancy and healthy livebirths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Podestà MA, Remuzzi G, Casiraghi F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618243. [PMID: 33643298 PMCID: PMC7902912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for the failure of several solid organs, including the kidneys, liver, heart, lung and small bowel. The use of tailored immunosuppressive agents has improved graft and patient survival remarkably in early post-transplant stages, but long-term outcomes are frequently unsatisfactory due to the development of chronic graft rejection, which ultimately leads to transplant failure. Moreover, prolonged immunosuppression entails severe side effects that severely impact patient survival and quality of life. The achievement of tolerance, i.e., stable graft function without the need for immunosuppression, is considered the Holy Grail of the field of solid organ transplantation. However, spontaneous tolerance in solid allograft recipients is a rare and unpredictable event. Several strategies that include peri-transplant administration of non-hematopoietic immunomodulatory cells can safely and effectively induce tolerance in pre-clinical models of solid organ transplantation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), non-hematopoietic cells that can be obtained from several adult and fetal tissues, are among the most promising candidates. In this review, we will focus on current pre-clinical evidence of the immunomodulatory effect of MSC in solid organ transplantation, and discuss the available evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Bergamo, Italy
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18
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Verhoeff K, Henschke SJ, Marfil-Garza BA, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cure for Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020278. [PMID: 33573247 PMCID: PMC7911560 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, diabetes has been treated with subcutaneous insulin, a discovery that enabled patients to forego death from hyperglycemia. Despite novel insulin formulations, patients with diabetes continue to suffer morbidity and mortality with unsustainable costs to the health care system. Continuous glucose monitoring, wearable insulin pumps, and closed-loop artificial pancreas systems represent an advance, but still fail to recreate physiologic euglycemia and are not universally available. Islet cell transplantation has evolved into a successful modality for treating a subset of patients with ‘brittle’ diabetes but is limited by organ donor supply and immunosuppression requirements. A novel approach involves generating autologous or immune-protected islet cells for transplant from inducible pluripotent stem cells to eliminate detrimental immune responses and organ supply limitations. In this review, we briefly discuss novel mechanisms for subcutaneous insulin delivery and define their shortfalls. We describe embryological development and physiology of islets to better understand their role in glycemic control and, finally, discuss cell-based therapies for diabetes and barriers to widespread use. In response to these barriers, we present the promise of stem cell therapy, and review the current gaps requiring solutions to enable widespread use of stem cells as a potential cure for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-984-1836
| | - Sarah J. Henschke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | | | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Andrew Mark James Shapiro
- FRCS (Eng) FRCSC MSM FCAHS, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
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19
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Pawitan JA, Bui TA, Mubarok W, Antarianto RD, Nurhayati RW, Dilogo IH, Oceandy D. Enhancement of the Therapeutic Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Genetic Modification: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587776. [PMID: 33195245 PMCID: PMC7661472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (also known as mesenchymal stromal cells/MSCs) depends on their ability to respond to the need of the damaged tissue by secreting beneficial paracrine factors. MSCs can be genetically engineered to express certain beneficial factors. The aim of this systematic review is to compile and analyze published scientific literatures that report the use of engineered MSCs for the treatment of various diseases/conditions, to discuss the mechanisms of action, and to assess the efficacy of engineered MSC treatment. Methods We retrieved all published studies in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library on July 27, 2019, without time restriction using the following keywords: “engineered MSC” and “therapy” or “manipulated MSC” and “therapy.” In addition, relevant articles that were found during full text search were added. We identified 85 articles that were reviewed in this paper. Results Of the 85 articles reviewed, 51 studies reported the use of engineered MSCs to treat tumor/cancer/malignancy/metastasis, whereas the other 34 studies tested engineered MSCs in treating non-tumor conditions. Most of the studies reported the use of MSCs in animal models, with only one study reporting a trial in human subjects. Thirty nine studies showed that the expression of beneficial paracrine factors would significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of the MSCs, whereas thirty three studies showed moderate effects, and one study in humans reported no effect. The mechanisms of action for MSC-based cancer treatment include the expression of “suicide genes,” induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and delivery of cytokines to induce an immune response against cancer cells. In the context of the treatment of non-cancerous diseases, the mechanism described in the reviewed papers included the expression of angiogenic, osteogenic, and growth factors. Conclusion The therapeutic capacity of MSCs can be enhanced by inducing the expression of certain paracrine factors by genetic modification. Genetically engineered MSCs have been used successfully in various animal models of diseases. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because animal models might not perfectly represent real human diseases. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the translational potential of genetically engineered MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thuy Anh Bui
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wildan Mubarok
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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20
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Yang P, Zhang X, Lin Z, Wang Q, Guo D, Zhang P, Yang L, Zhang H, Ding R, Tao K, Li X, Dou K. Adoptive transfer of polarized M2c macrophages ameliorates acute rejection in rat liver transplantation. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2614-2626. [PMID: 32655794 PMCID: PMC7344085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages play pivotal roles in tolerance induction after liver transplantation (LT). However, macrophages possess functional heterogeneities, and the protective role of M2c macrophages, a macrophage subtype characterized by the surface marker CD163 that secretes interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), in acute rejection following LT, has not been addressed. The aim of this study was to determine whether polarized macrophages of the M2c subtype could improve outcomes after LT for rats, including survival rate, liver function, and inflammatory infiltration. In our study, the numbers of CD163-positive cells were found to be increased in tolerant liver grafts. Immediately following the surgery, M2c macrophages induced from rat bone marrow-derived cells were infused into recipients; this significantly improved survival rate and liver function. The expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were markedly increased in these rats compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, CD8+ T-cell infiltration was reduced, whereas the numbers of apoptotic cells increased, in rats treated with M2c. To explore the mechanisms of the protective role of M2c, the numbers of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II positive cells were found to be decreased and the expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) was up-regulated in M2c infusion groups. Together, these findings demonstrate that polarization of macrophages towards the M2c phenotype ameliorated acute rejection in a rat LT model and may provide a novel and effective therapeutic approach for AR after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Quancheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Dongnan Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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21
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Dina EF, Nashwa RK, Nemr WA. Histologic Evaluations of Xenotransplanted Rabbit Knees by In Vitro-Propagated Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells: A Preclinical Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2020; 18:375-381. [PMID: 32281530 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2019.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human amniotic epithelial cells have multipotent differentiation capacity and are considered as potential therapeutic cells for clinical use. This study represents the first published report on the evaluation of the safety and clinical feasibility of human amniotic epithelial cells for transplant into knee joints, serving as an initial step for subsequent therapeutic evaluations within arthritis clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our experimental design was based on subjecting groups of rabbits as a recipient model for human amniotic epithelial cell transplant into knee joints. Twenty rabbits received 200 μL sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution containing 1 × 10⁹ human amniotic epithelial cells/knee joint by intra-articular injection. Control groups received cell-free saline into knees, and some animals were not treated. After 10 days of xenotransplant, radiology scans and histologic sections of transplanted and nontrans planted knees were examined and compared. Immunohistochemistry staining was also applied to detect tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 17 (as inflammatory and immuno-rejection markers) in knee sections. RESULTS Similar to results shown in noninjected and saline-injected knees, all treated knees appeared normal, with no signs of acute immunorejection, no microbial colonization, no pain, no allergic reactions, no inflammation, and normal motion. Use of human amniotic epithelial cells appeared safe without risk of immunorejection or tumor formation in the transplanted knee joint. CONCLUSIONS Human amniotic epithelial cells can be safely transplanted into knee joints, encouraging a need for complementary research for further therapeutic evaluations of human amniotic epithelial cells for curing arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elessawi F Dina
- From the Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Hu C, Wu Z, Li L. Mesenchymal stromal cells promote liver regeneration through regulation of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:893-903. [PMID: 32071558 PMCID: PMC7019139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Hu C, Li L. The immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells plays a critical role in improving the prognosis of liver transplantation. J Transl Med 2019; 17:412. [PMID: 31823784 PMCID: PMC6905033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is supplied by a dual blood supply, including the portal venous system and the hepatic arterial system; thus, the liver organ is exposed to multiple gut microbial products, metabolic products, and toxins; is sensitive to extraneous pathogens; and can develop liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after short-term or long-term injury. Although liver transplantation (LT) serves as the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases, it is not very popular because of the complications and low survival rates. Although the liver is generally termed an immune and tolerogenic organ with adaptive systems consisting of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, a high rejection rate is still the main complication in patients with LT. Growing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation could serve as an effective immunomodulatory strategy to induce tolerance in various immune-related disorders. MSCs are reported to inhibit the immune response from innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NK cells), and natural killer T (NKT) cells, and that from adaptive immune cells, including T cells, B cells and other liver-specific immune cells, for the generation of a tolerogenic microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the relationship between LT and immunoregulation, and we focused on how to improve the effects of MSC transplantation to improve the prognosis of LT. Only after exhaustive clarification of the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vitro and in vivo can we implement MSC protocols in routine clinical practice to improve LT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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24
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You Y, Wen DG, Gong JP, Liu ZJ. Research Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1490-1506. [PMID: 31512503 PMCID: PMC6923564 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719874786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has been deemed the best choice for end-stage liver disease
patients but immune rejection after surgery is still a serious problem. Patients have to
take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time after liver transplantation, and this often
leads to many side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gradually became of interest to
researchers because of their powerful immunomodulatory effects. In the past, a large
number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for
participation in posttransplant immunomodulation. In addition, MSCs also have properties
that may potentially benefit patients undergoing liver transplantation. This article aims
to provide an overview of the current understanding of the immunomodulation achieved by
the application of MSCs in liver transplantation, to discuss the problems that may be
encountered when using MSCs in clinical practice, and to describe some of the underlying
capabilities of MSCs in liver transplantation. Cell–cell contact, soluble molecules, and
exosomes have been suggested to be critical approaches to MSCs’ immunoregulation in vitro;
however, the exact mechanism, especially in vivo, is still unclear. In recent years, the
clinical safety of MSCs has been proven by a series of clinical trials. The obstacles to
the clinical application of MSCs are decreasing, but large sample clinical trials
involving MSCs are still needed to further study their clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Di-Guang Wen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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25
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Chen L, Zhang L, Zhu Z, He W, Gao L, Zhang W, Liu J, Huang A. Effects of IL-10- and FasL-overexpressing dendritic cells on liver transplantation tolerance in a heterotopic liver transplantation rat model. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:714-725. [PMID: 30977930 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection is the major determinant for the long-term survival of donor liver after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of interleukin (IL)-10-FasL-overexpressing immature dendritic cells (imDCs) to induce local immunosuppression in liver grafts. imDCs derived from donors were transduced by lentiviral vectors expressing human IL-10 and/or Fas ligand (FasL) gene(s), and the expression of surface molecules and the ability to induce T-cell proliferation were measured. imDCs were intraperitoneally injected into recipient rats as a model of LT to examine the rejection grade [Banff rejection activity index (RAI)], liver functions [Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL)] and post-transplant survival. IL-10 and FasL co-transduction of imDCs induced a greater reduction in CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression, as well as T-cell proliferation, but increased levels of IL-10 and FasL in culture supernatants compared with mono-transduced or untransduced imDCs (P < 0.05). The infusion of co-transduced imDCs in LT recipients reduced RAI scores, decreased plasma AST and TBIL, and prolonged survival compared with mono-transduced or untransduced imDC-treated liver allografts. These findings demonstrated that the transfusion of IL-10-FasL/imDCs enhanced immune tolerance and prolonged the survival of liver allografts after LT. The immunomodulatory activity of IL-10- and FasL-modified imDCs might be a new therapeutic approach to prevent organ rejection in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wubing He
- Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Divison of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatic Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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26
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Podestà MA, Remuzzi G, Casiraghi F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Transplant Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1287. [PMID: 31231393 PMCID: PMC6559333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid organ transplantation lifelong immunosuppression exposes transplant recipients to life-threatening complications, such as infections and malignancies, and to severe side effects. Cellular therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has recently emerged as a promising strategy to regulate anti-donor immune responses, allowing immunosuppressive drug minimization and tolerance induction. In this review we summarize preclinical data on MSC in solid organ transplant models, focusing on potential mechanisms of action of MSC, including down-regulation of effector T-cell response and activation of regulatory pathways. We will also provide an overview of available data on safety and feasibility of MSC therapy in solid organ transplant patients, highlighting the issues that still need to be addressed before establishing MSC as a safe and effective tolerogenic cell therapy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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27
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Marofi F, Vahedi G, Biglari A, Esmaeilzadeh A, Athari SS. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: A New Era in the Cell-Based Targeted Gene Therapy of Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1770. [PMID: 29326689 PMCID: PMC5741703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in light of the promising potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for carrying therapeutic anticancer genes, a complete revisitation on old chemotherapy-based paradigms has been established. This review attempted to bring forward and introduce the novel therapeutic opportunities of using genetically engineered MSCs. The simplicities and advantages of MSCs for medical applications make them a unique and promising option in the case of cancer therapy. Some of the superiorities of using MSCs as therapeutic gene micro-carriers are the easy cell-extraction procedures and their abundant proliferation capacity in vitro without losing their main biological properties. Targeted therapy by using MSCs as the delivery vehicles of therapeutic genes is a new approach in the treatment of various types of cancers. Some of the distinct properties of MSCs, such as tumor-tropism, non-immunogenicity, stimulatory effect on the anti-inflammatory molecules, inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, non-toxicity against the normal tissues, and easy processes for the clinical use, have formed the basis of attention to MSCs. They can be easily used for the treatment of damaged or injured tissues, regenerative medicine, and immune disorders. This review focused on the drugability of MSCs and their potential for the delivery of candidate anticancer genes. It also briefly reviewed the vectors and methods used for MSC-mediated gene therapy of malignancies. Also, the challenges, limitations, and considerations in using MSCs for gene therapy of cancer and the new methods developed for resolution of these problems are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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28
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Niu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Bin L, Hu X. Delivery of sFIT-1 engineered MSCs in combination with a continuous low-dose doxorubicin treatment prevents growth of liver cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3520-3534. [PMID: 28039440 PMCID: PMC5270684 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One important process in liver cancer growth and progression is angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has the significant role in liver cancer angiogenesis. sFlt1 (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) is the promising inhibitor of VEGF and can be used as the new method of inhibiting angiogenesis. MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) can infiltrate into tumor tissue and function as the efficient transgene delivery mediator. Here, we engineered murine MSCs to express sFlt1 and examined the anti-tumor effect of MSC- sFlt1 in combination with continues low-dose doxorubicin treatment. We found that this combination therapy significantly inhibited liver cancer cells proliferation. Above all, HepG2 xenografts treated with this combination therapy went into remission. It is of note that this inhibition effect was not p53 binding and by increasing caspase8. This study suggests that this combination treatment has novel therapeutic potential for liver cancer because of significantly inhibiting cancer cells growth and anti-angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Niu
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Liu Bin
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Niu J, Yue W, Le-Le Z, Bin L, Hu X. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit T cell activation by releasing TGF-β1 from TGF-β1/GARP complex. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99784-99800. [PMID: 29245940 PMCID: PMC5725131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervention with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reveals a promising therapeutic tool to treat transplantation and autoimmune disease due to their immunoregulation capability. But the mechanisms of action are not fully investigated yet. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) exhibit multiple effects in migration, differentiation, and immunomodulation of MSCs. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is an important marker of activated Treg (regulatory T cells). GARP binds latent TGF-β1 to regulate its activation, which is the indispensable step in Treg suppressing effector T cells. So far we don't know whether GARP present on MSCs and its association with MSCs function. Our study show that MSCs express GARP which binds latent TGF-β1 on their cell surface. We also found that TGF-β1+/- MSCs produce less TGF-β1 and exhibit reduced capacity in inhibiting T cells. When TGF-β1 signaling pathway was blocked, MSCs show decreased activity in inhibiting T cells. Importantly, silencing GARP expression distinctively damaged the capacity of MSCs to inhibit IFN-γ production. These findings indicated the expression of GARP on MSCs and its functionality in activating LAP, thus demonstrating GARP as a novel biomarker and new target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Niu
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Wang Yue
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Zhu Le-Le
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Liu Bin
- General Surgery of the Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Digestive Disease Research Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmyeloablative conditioning followed by donor bone marrow infusion (BMI) to induce tolerance has not been robustly tested in liver transplantation (LT) and may be unsafe at the time of LT. We hypothesized T cell-depleted BMI is effective in inducing tolerance when delayed after LT, resulting in potentially safer future clinical applications. METHODS Nonimmunosuppressed syngeneic (Lewis to Lewis) and allogeneic (ACI to Lewis) rat LT transplants were initially performed as controls. Three experimental allogeneic LT groups were treated with tacrolimus (TAC) for 3 to 4 weeks and then underwent: (1) TAC withdrawal alone; (2) nonmyeloablative conditioning (anti-αβTCR mAb + total body irradiation [300 cGy]) followed by TAC withdrawal; (3) Nonmyeloablative conditioning + donor BMI (100 × 10 T cell-depleted bone marrow cells) followed by TAC withdrawal. RESULTS All group 1 recipients developed chronic rejection. Group 2 had long-term survival but impaired liver function and high donor-specific antibody (DSA) levels. In contrast, group 3 (conditioning + BMI) had long-term TAC-free survival with preserved liver function and histology, high mixed chimerism and blood/liver/spleen CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and low DSA titers, similar to syngeneic grafts. While donor-specific tolerance was observed post-BMI, graft-versus-host disease was not. CONCLUSIONS These results support that donor-specific tolerance can be achieved with BMI even when delayed after LT and this tolerance correlates with increased mixed chimerism, regulatory T cell generation, and diminished DSA.
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Interferon-τ increases BoLA-I for implantation during early pregnancy in dairy cows. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95095-95107. [PMID: 29221114 PMCID: PMC5707008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) signals pregnancy recognition in ruminants. We investigated the effects of IFN-τ produced by embryo trophoblastic cells (ETCs) on expression of bovine leukocyte antigen-I (BoLA-I), a bovine analogue of human MHC-I, in endometrial luminal epithelial cells (EECs) during early pregnancy in dairy cows. Expression of IFN-τ and BoLA-I was increased in endometrial tissues during early pregnancy. Expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased in endometrial tissues, while expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was decreased, indicating immunosuppression. Progesterone increased IFN-τ expression in EECs. IFN-τ increased p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 levels in EECs, but reduced TRAF3 levels. In addition, IFN-τ increased expression of BoLA-I and IL-10, but decreased expression of IL-6 in EECs. These results indicate that IFN-τ enables stable implantation in dairy cows by increasing expression of BoLA-I, and by immunosuppression mediated by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-6 expression.
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32
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Xie X, Liu H, Wu J, Chen Y, Yu Z, De Isla N, He X, Li Y. Rat BMSC infusion was unable to ameliorate inflammatory injuries in tissues of mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S129-S138. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-171634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Unit of Critical Care Medicine of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Natalia De Isla
- UMR CNRS 7561, Faculté de Médecine, Lorraine Université, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Yang Y, Song HL, Zhang W, Wu BJ, Fu NN, Dong C, Shen ZY. Heme oxygenase-1-transduced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in reducing acute rejection and improving small bowel transplantation outcomes in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:164. [PMID: 27866474 PMCID: PMC5116370 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We determined whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transduced with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective and immune-protective factor, could improve outcomes for small bowel transplantation (SBTx) in rats. Methods We performed heterotopic SBTx from Brown Norway rats to Lewis rats, before infusing Ad/HO-1-transduced BMMSCs (Ad/HO-1/BMMSCs) through the superficial dorsal veins of the penis. Respective infusions with Ad/BMMSCs, BMMSCs, and normal saline served as controls. The animals were sacrificed after 1, 5, 7, or 10 days. At each time point, we measured small bowel histology and apoptosis, HO-1 protein and mRNA expression, natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytokine concentrations in serum and intestinal graft, and levels of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Results The saline-treated control group showed aggravated acute cellular rejection over time, with mucosal destruction, increased apoptosis, NK cell activation, and upregulation of proinflammatory and immune-related mediators. Both the Ad/BMMSC-treated group and the BMMSC-treated group exhibited attenuated acute cellular rejection at an early stage, but the effects receded 7 days after transplantation. Strikingly, the Ad/HO-1/BMMSC-treated group demonstrated significantly attenuated acute cellular rejection, reduced apoptosis and NK cell activity, and suppressed concentrations of inflammation and immune-related cytokines, and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine mediators and increased Treg cell levels. Conclusion Our data suggest that Ad/HO-1-transduced BMMSCs have a reinforced effect on reducing acute rejection and protecting the outcome of SBTx in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Juan Wu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Nan Fu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Dong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24# Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China.
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Miao CM, Jiang XW, He K, Li PZ, Liu ZJ, Cao D, Ou ZB, Gong JP, Liu CA, Cheng Y. Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate LPS-induced mouse acute liver injury via the prostaglandin E 2-dependent repression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:102-113. [PMID: 27666012 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participates in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury during sepsis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attenuate sepsis through prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) by increasing the interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of macrophages; moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is effectively regulated by IL-10 during infection. Whether BMSCs have an effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its underlying mechanism is unclear. Administering of BMSCs to mice or KCs after LPS stimulating have improved liver function and reduced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in KCs. The beneficial effect of BMSCs was enhanced by over-expression of PGE2 and eliminated by silence of PGE2. Additionally, The IL-10 levels in the serum and supernatant were increased by given BMSCs and further increase by PGE2 over-expressed BMSCs, but decreased markedly by PGE2 silenced BMSCs. Furthermore, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) inhibitor reduced IL-10 production in KCs and blocked the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of BMSC-mediated suppression of the activation of KCs through the secretion of PGE2 by BMSCs, which promotes KCs to secrete IL-10, leading to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mu Miao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Ou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-An Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yao Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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Shen Y, Huang J, Liu L, Xu X, Han C, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li J, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. A Compendium of Preparation and Application of Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:117. [PMID: 27303288 PMCID: PMC4885841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disorder, implicitly characterized by a stepwise loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and explicitly marked by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. Currently, therapeutic approaches available are mainly palliative strategies, including L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) replacement therapy, DA receptor agonist and deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures. As the disease proceeds, however, the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy is inevitably worn off, worse still, implicated by side effects of motor response oscillations as well as L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). Therefore, the frustrating status above has propeled the shift to cell replacement therapy (CRT), a promising restorative therapy intending to secure a long-lasting relief of patients' symptoms. By far, stem cell lines of multifarious origins have been established, which can be further categorized into embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we intend to present a compendium of preparation and application of multifarious stem cells, especially in relation to PD research and therapy. In addition, the current status, potential challenges and future prospects for practical CRT in PD patients will be elaborated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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You Y, Zhang J, Gong J, Chen Y, Li Y, Yang K, Liu Z. Mesenchymal stromal cell-dependent reprogramming of Kupffer cells is mediated by TNF-α and PGE2 and is crucial for liver transplant tolerance. Immunol Res 2016; 62:292-305. [PMID: 25982496 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the modulation of liver transplant tolerance has attracted significant interest. However, the interaction between MSCs and Kupffer cells (KCs) has received little attention, and the effect of this interaction on liver transplant tolerance remains unclear. KCs were cultured in the presence and absence of MSCs. After 24 h, cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), after which the production of cytokines and the expression of surface antigens were measured for cell function identification. Moreover, the effects of the KCs and the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels produced by the MSCs were determined using an experimental rat liver transplantation model. Blood and liver samples were collected at three time points after transplantation for further analysis. After LPS treatment, when compared with the KC single cultures, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86) in the coculture system was down-regulated, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-4, PGE2, and IL-10) was markedly increased. These data indicate that MSCs can reprogram the phenotype of KCs. However, KCs treated with miR/TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor) plasmid prior to coculture to inhibit the production of TNF-α resulted in an inhibition of the reprogramming effect of MSCs. Moreover, overexpression of PGE2 in MSCs increased the effect of MSCs on KC reprogramming. After rat liver transplantation, allograft recipients that received MSCs showed better allograft tolerance when compared with rats in which KC function was inhibited. Furthermore, rats treated with MSCs overexpressing PGE2 demonstrated the best liver tolerance of all of the groups tested. MSCs reprogram the phenotype of KCs through TNF-α and PGE2, and this process is crucial for the immunomodulatory function of MSCs in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
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Human Wharton's jelly–derived mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to secrete Epstein-Barr virus interleukin-10 show enhanced immunosuppressive properties. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Coulson-Thomas VJ, Coulson-Thomas YM, Gesteira TF, Kao WWY. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms by Which Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress the Immune System. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:121-34. [PMID: 26804815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of fibroblast-like multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs possess a unique ability to exert suppressive and regulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immunity in an autologous and allogeneic manner. A vital step in stem cell transplantation is overcoming the potential graft-versus-host disease, which is a limiting factor to transplantation success. Given that MSCs attain powerful differentiation capabilities and also present immunosuppressive properties, which enable them to survive host immune rejection, MSCs are of great interest. Due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types and to suppress and modulate the immune system, MSCs are being developed for treating a plethora of diseases, including immune disorders. Moreover, in recent years, MSCs have been genetically engineered to treat and sometimes even cure some diseases, and the use of MSCs for cell therapy presents new perspectives for overcoming tissue rejection. In this review, we discuss the potential extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that underlie MSCs' unique ability to modulate inflammation, and both innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Nowakowski A, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2219-42. [PMID: 26140302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained from various organs and easily propagated in vitro, are one of the most extensively used types of stem cells and have been shown to be efficacious in a broad set of diseases. The unique and highly desirable properties of MSCs include high migratory capacities toward injured areas, immunomodulatory features, and the natural ability to differentiate into connective tissue phenotypes. These phenotypes include bone and cartilage, and these properties predispose MSCs to be therapeutically useful. In addition, MSCs elicit their therapeutic effects by paracrine actions, in which the metabolism of target tissues is modulated. Genetic engineering methods can greatly amplify these properties and broaden the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs, including transdifferentiation toward diverse cell lineages. However, cell engineering can also affect safety and increase the cost of therapy based on MSCs; thus, the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures should be discussed. In this review, the latest applications of genetic engineering methods for MSCs with regenerative medicine purposes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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Sun Z, Li T, Wen H, Wang H, Ji W, Ma Y. Immunological effect induced by mesenchymal stem cells in a rat liver transplantation model. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:401-406. [PMID: 26622328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunological effect induced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rats that had undergone an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MSCs were isolated and cultured from the bone marrow tissue of Lewis rats. In total, 42 rat OLT models were established and equally distributed into three groups. Group A received an OLT only, group B were also intramuscularly injected with tacrolimus (FK506), while group C were not only administered FK506, but also received MSCs. On day 7 post-surgery, the blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured. In addition, pathological changes were observed in the liver, levels of immune cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-α1, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12, were determined using immunohistochemistry, MSC homing was assessed and the survival times of the patients were recorded. Liver function, as assessed by the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL, was shown to improve in group C when compared with groups B and A (both P<0.01). In addition, survival analysis revealed that the survival times in groups B (median, 44 days) and C (median, 63 days) were significantly longer compared with group A (median, 11 days; both P<0.01). The survival rate of group C was also higher compared with group B (P<0.01). Pathological examination demonstrated strong acute rejection in group A, a mild acute rejection in group B and the mildest reaction in group C. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that TGF-α1 and IL-10 expression was stronger in groups C and B, with group C exhibiting more significant expression than group B. By contrast, expression levels of IL-12 in groups A, B and C were positive, weak-positive and negative, respectively. Therefore, postoperative immunosuppression induced by MSCs is important for the alleviation of immune rejection from recipient-to-graft, and may induce immune tolerance in rat OLT models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China ; Research Laboratory of Disease Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China ; Xinjiang Organ Transplant Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Weizheng Ji
- Oncology Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Franz M, Doll F, Grün K, Richter P, Köse N, Ziffels B, Schubert H, Figulla HR, Jung C, Gummert J, Renner A, Neri D, Berndt A. Targeted delivery of interleukin-10 to chronic cardiac allograft rejection using a human antibody specific to the extra domain A of fibronectin. Int J Cardiol 2015; 195:311-22. [PMID: 26056964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Management of chronic rejection is challenging since there are not sufficient preventive or therapeutic strategies. The rejection process leads to overexpression of ED-A(+) fibronectin (ED-A(+) Fn). The human antibody F8, specific to ED-A(+) Fn, may serve as a vehicle for targeted delivery of bioactive payloads, e.g. interleukin 10 (IL-10). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of the fusion protein F8-interleukin-10 (F8-IL10) in the process of chronic rejection development. METHODS A heterotopic rat heart transplantation model was used to induce chronic rejection. For therapeutic interventions, the immunocytokines F8-humanIL10 (DEKAVIL), F8-ratIL10 as well as KSF-humanIL10 (irrelevant antigen-specificity) were used. Treatment was performed weekly for 10 weeks starting at day 7 after transplantation (1mg/animal). RESULTS In the cardiac allografts, treatment with F8-huIL10 or F8-ratIL10 was associated with increased heart weights, a higher grade of chronic rejection, increased CIF, higher protein expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an augmented infiltration with inflammatory cells (CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells) and higher serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared to the control groups. CONCLUSIONS All observed treatment effects are transplantation-specific since the F8 antibody is specific to ED-A(+) Fn that is not expressed in healthy hearts. A clear targeting effect of F8-huIL10 as well as F8-ratIL10 could be proven. Against that background, a further study is needed to address the question, if F8-IL10 treatment is capable to reduce CAV and CIF starting at a time point when chronic rejection has fully developed (therapeutic approach).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Fabia Doll
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Grün
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Richter
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nilay Köse
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Ziffels
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schubert
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans R Figulla
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - André Renner
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang LR, Lin YQ, Wang JT, Pan LL, Huang KT, Wan L, Zhu GQ, Liu WY, Braddock M, Zheng MH. Recent advances in re-engineered liver: de-cellularization and re-cellularization techniques. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1015-24. [PMID: 25981396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease but is limited by donor shortage and very high cost. Through de-cellularization and re-cellularization methods, re-engineered liver may provide a promising alternative for treating patients with end-stage liver disease. To achieve this, the prevention of the native extracellular matrix ultrastructure plays a central role in de-cellularization protocol; the re-seeding cell types, as well as re-seeding strategies, need more explorations in re-cellularization protocol. Some success of this approach has been published in a rat model; however, the re-engineered liver remains functional in vivo for only several hours, which suggests that the recent protocol may be far from the ideal target. This Review highlights the challenges still to be overcome and presents an overview and summary of methods of de-cellularization and re-cellularization strategies, together with a view on future directions that may lead to the regeneration of a functional liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ren Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qian Lin
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Renji School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang-Liang Pan
- School of Laboratory and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ka-Te Huang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Martin Braddock
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Figueiredo C, Blasczyk R. A future with less HLA: potential clinical applications of HLA-universal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:443-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - R. Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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Wang W, Du Z, Yan J, Ma D, Shi M, Zhang M, Peng C, Li H. Mesenchymal stem cells promote liver regeneration and prolong survival in small-for-size liver grafts: involvement of C-Jun N-terminal kinase, cyclin D1, and NF-κB. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112532. [PMID: 25479410 PMCID: PMC4257551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been highlighted recently for treatment of acute or chronic liver injury, by possibly differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells, reducing inflammation, and enhancing tissue repair. Despite recent progress, exact mechanisms of action are not clearly elucidated. In this study, we attempted to explore whether and how MSCs protected hepatocytes and stimulated allograft regeneration in small-for-size liver transplantation (SFSLT). Methods SFSLT model was established with a 30% partial liver transplantation (30PLT) in rats. The differentiation potential and characteristics of bone marrow derived MSCs were explored in vitro. MSCs were infused transvenously immediately after graft implantation in therapy group. Expressions of apoptosis-, inflammatory-, anti-inflammatory-, and growth factor-related genes were measured by RT-PCR, activities of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB were analyzed by EMSA, and proliferative responses of the hepatic graft were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results MSCs were successfully induced into hepatocyte-like cells, osteoblasts and adipocytes in vitro. MSCs therapy could not only alleviate ischemia reperfusion injury and acute inflammation to promote liver regeneration, but also profoundly improve one week survival rate. It markedly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of HGF, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, and CXCR2, however, down-regulated TNF-α. Increased activities of AP-1 and NF-κB, as well as elevated expressions of p-c-Jun, cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were also found in MSCs therapy group. Conclusion These data suggest that MSCs therapy promotes hepatocyte proliferation and prolongs survival in SFSLT by reducing ischemia reperfusion injury and acute inflammation, and sustaining early increased expressions of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, Cyclin D1, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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