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Heil M. Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1259879. [PMID: 38439942 PMCID: PMC10910434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an unprecedented concentration of economic and research efforts to generate knowledge at unequalled speed on deregulated interferon type I signalling and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB)-driven interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 secretion causing cytokine storms. The translation of the knowledge on how the resulting systemic inflammation can lead to life-threatening complications into novel treatments and vaccine technologies is underway. Nevertheless, previously existing knowledge on the role of cytoplasmatic or circulating self-DNA as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) was largely ignored. Pathologies reported 'de novo' for patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 to be outcomes of self-DNA-driven inflammation in fact had been linked earlier to self-DNA in different contexts, e.g., the infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1, sterile inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. I highlight particularly how synergies with other DAMPs can render immunogenic properties to normally non-immunogenic extracellular self-DNA, and I discuss the shared features of the gp41 unit of the HIV-1 envelope protein and the SARS-CoV 2 Spike protein that enable HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to interact with cell or nuclear membranes, trigger syncytia formation, inflict damage to their host's DNA, and trigger inflammation - likely for their own benefit. These similarities motivate speculations that similar mechanisms to those driven by gp41 can explain how inflammatory self-DNA contributes to some of most frequent adverse events after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine, i.e., myocarditis, herpes zoster, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune nephritis or hepatitis, new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, and flare-ups of psoriasis or lupus. The hope is to motivate a wider application of the lessons learned from the experiences with COVID-19 and the new mRNA vaccines to combat future non-COVID-19 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heil
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
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2
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Kubota T. An Emerging Role for Anti-DNA Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16499. [PMID: 38003689 PMCID: PMC10671047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies are hallmark autoantibodies produced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their pathogenetic role is not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that some anti-DNA antibodies enter different types of live cells and affect the pathophysiology of SLE by stimulating or impairing these cells. Circulating neutrophils in SLE are activated by a type I interferon or other stimuli and are primed to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on additional stimulation. Anti-DNA antibodies are also involved in this process and may induce NET release. Thereafter, they bind and protect extracellular DNA in the NETs from digestion by nucleases, resulting in increased NET immunogenicity. This review discusses the pathogenetic role of anti-DNA antibodies in SLE, mainly focusing on recent progress in the two research fields concerning antibody penetration into live cells and NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura 300-0051, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Chen B, Wang Y, Chen G. New Potentiality of Bioactive Substances: Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4584. [PMID: 37960237 PMCID: PMC10650318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an essential component of the human innate immune system, and is closely associated with adaptive immunity. In most cases, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires priming and activating, which are influenced by various ion flux signals and regulated by various enzymes. Aberrant functions of intracellular NLRP3 inflammasomes promote the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, with the majority of studies currently focused on rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. In recent years, a number of bioactive substances have shown new potentiality for regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in autoimmune diseases. This review provides a concise overview of the composition, functions, and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, we focus on the newly discovered bioactive substances for regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in autoimmune diseases in the past three years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (B.C.); (Y.W.)
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4
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Ni J, Liu X, Zhang R, Wang H, Liang J, Hou Y, Dou H. Systemic administration of Shikonin ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuron damage in NPSLE mice. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578166. [PMID: 37536051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is an anti-inflammatory natural herbal drug extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon and its therapeutic effect on neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is yet unknown. In our study, Shikonin significantly reversed the cognitive impairment and alleviated the brain tissue damage in NPSLE mice. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was also verified to be repaired in Shikonin-treated NPSLE mice. In particular, we found that Shikonin alleviated neuroinflammation through inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby depressing the activation of microglia and the loss of neuronal synapses. Overall, Shikonin may be a promising candidate drug for NPSLE through diminishing neuroinflammation and repairing neuron damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Hailin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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5
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Ke Q, Greenawalt AN, Manukonda V, Ji X, Tisch RM. The regulation of self-tolerance and the role of inflammasome molecules. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154552. [PMID: 37081890 PMCID: PMC10110889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome molecules make up a family of receptors that typically function to initiate a proinflammatory response upon infection by microbial pathogens. Dysregulation of inflammasome activity has been linked to unwanted chronic inflammation, which has also been implicated in certain autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and related animal models. Classical inflammasome activation-dependent events have intrinsic and extrinsic effects on both innate and adaptive immune effectors, as well as resident cells in the target tissue, which all can contribute to an autoimmune response. Recently, inflammasome molecules have also been found to regulate the differentiation and function of immune effector cells independent of classical inflammasome-activated inflammation. These alternative functions for inflammasome molecules shape the nature of the adaptive immune response, that in turn can either promote or suppress the progression of autoimmunity. In this review we will summarize the roles of inflammasome molecules in regulating self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashley Nicole Greenawalt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Veera Manukonda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xingqi Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland Michael Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Roland Michael Tisch,
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6
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Zhang S, Zheng R, Pan Y, Sun H. Potential Therapeutic Value of the STING Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:3127. [PMID: 37049889 PMCID: PMC10096477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway or by inducing the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) and a variety of proinflammatory factors through the recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on the structure, location, function, genotype, and regulatory mechanism of STING, this review summarizes the potential value of STING inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
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7
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Aubé FA, Bidias A, Pépin G. Who and how, DNA sensors in NETs-driven inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190177. [PMID: 37187738 PMCID: PMC10179500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During infections, neutrophil extracellular traps act like a meshwork of molecules that captures microbes. In contrast, during sterile inflammation the presence of NETs is usually associated with tissue damage and uncontrolled inflammation. In this context, DNA acts both as activator of NETs formation and immunogenic molecule fueling inflammation within the injured tissue microenvironment. Pattern recognition receptors that specifically bind to and get activated by DNA such as Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Absence in Melanoma-2 (AIM2) have been reported to play a role in NETs formation and detection. However, how these DNA sensors contribute to NETs-driven inflammation is not well understood. Whether these DNA sensors have unique roles or on the contrary they are mostly redundant is still elusive. In this review, we summarize the known contribution of the above DNA sensors to the formation and detection of NETs in the context of sterile inflammation. We also highlight scientific gaps needed to be addressed and propose future direction for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Aubé
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Amel Bidias
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Geneviève Pépin,
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8
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You R, He X, Zeng Z, Zhan Y, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis and Its Role in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841732. [PMID: 35693810 PMCID: PMC9174462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases with diverse clinical manifestations that can be divided into systemic and organ-specific. The common etiology of autoimmune diseases is the destruction of immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies, which attack specific tissues and/or organs in the body. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complicated, and genetic, environmental, infectious, and even psychological factors work together to cause aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms are unclear, recently, excessive exacerbation of pyroptosis, as a bond between innate and adaptive immunity, has been proven to play a crucial role in the development of autoimmune disease. Pyroptosis is characterized by pore formation on cell membranes, as well as cell rupture and the excretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. This overactive inflammatory programmed cell death disrupts immune system homeostasis and promotes autoimmunity. This review examines the molecular structure of classical inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, and P2X7-NLRP3, as the switches of pyroptosis, and their molecular regulation mechanisms. The sophisticated pyroptosis pathways, including the canonical caspase-1-mediated pathway, the noncanonical caspase-4/5/11-mediated pathway, the emerging caspase-3-mediated pathway, and the caspase-independent pathway, are also described. We highlight the recent advances in pyroptosis in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome and dermatomyositis, and attempt to identify its potential advantages as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan You
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Culture media and supplements affect proliferation, colony-formation, and potency of porcine male germ cells. Theriogenology 2022; 187:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Uprety LP, Park YH, Jang YJ. Autoantigen spermatid nuclear transition protein 1 enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine production stimulated by anti-DNA autoantibodies in macrophages. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN), a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is associated with high fatality rate in patients. The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Kidney inflammation, renal cell damage, and accumulation of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane often occur in patients with lupus nephritis. Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1 (TNP1) might be a potentially interesting autoantigen in exploring the pathogenesis and therapy of lupus nephritis. Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of TNP1 and its complexes with anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-α (IFN-α) in vitro. Methods We studied the effect of the synthetic peptide of the autoantigen on the pathogenic characteristics of the G2-6 and G5-8 antibodies in mouse macrophages, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Results The antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity to spermatid TNP1 in direct-binding and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the antibodies alone enhanced the levels of IL-6 and IFN-α transcripts and proteins, respectively. Flow cytometry revealed that treatment with the autoantigen enhanced the cell-penetrating activities of G2-6 and G5-8 and remarkably increased the cytokine levels. Conclusion TNP1 enhanced the cell-penetrating activities of anti-dsDNA auto-Abs, G2-6 and G5-8, and remarkably increased the levels of IL-6 and IFN-α in macrophages, suggesting that TNP1 and cell-penetrating pathogenic anti-dsDNA auto-Abs is potential targets for future therapeutic approaches to treat LN/SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Prasad Uprety
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ju Jang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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11
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Zafar A, Hasan M, Tariq T, Dai Z. Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapeutic Efficacy with Sonotheranostic Strategies. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:1011-1034. [PMID: 34793138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the modality for establishing a firm immune response and immunological memory. However, intrinsic limitations of conventional low responsive poor T cell infiltration and immune related adverse effects urge the coupling of cancer nanomedicines with immunotherapy for boosting antitumor response under ultrasound (US) sensitization to mimic dose-limiting toxicities for safe and effective therapy against advanced cancer. US is composed of high-frequency sound waves that mediate targeted spatiotemporal control over release and internalization of the drug. The unconventional US triggered immunogenic nanoengineered arena assists the limited immunogenic dose, limiting toxicities and efficacies. In this Review, we discuss current prospects of enhanced immunotherapy using nanomedicine under US. We highlight how nanotechnology designs and incorporates nanomedicines for the reprogramming of systematic immunity in the tumor microenvironment. We also emphasize the mechanical and biological potential of US, encompassing sonosensitizer activation for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacies. Finally, the smartly converging combinational platform of US stimulated cancer nanomedicines for amending immunotherapy is summarized. This Review will widen scientists' ability to explore and understand the limiting factors for combating cancer in a precisely customized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Jeong SJ, Stitham J, Evans TD, Zhang X, Rodriguez-Velez A, Yeh YS, Tao J, Takabatake K, Epelman S, Lodhi IJ, Schilling JD, DeBosch BJ, Diwan A, Razani B. Trehalose causes low-grade lysosomal stress to activate TFEB and the autophagy-lysosome biogenesis response. Autophagy 2021; 17:3740-3752. [PMID: 33706671 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1896906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome system is an important cellular degradation pathway that recycles dysfunctional organelles and cytotoxic protein aggregates. A decline in this system is pathogenic in many human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. Thus there is intense interest in discovering therapeutics aimed at stimulating the autophagy-lysosome system. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by a ɑ-1,1-glycosidic bond with the unique ability to induce cellular macroautophagy/autophagy and with reported efficacy on mitigating several diseases where autophagy is dysfunctional. Interestingly, the mechanism by which trehalose induces autophagy is unknown. One suggested mechanism is its ability to activate TFEB (transcription factor EB), the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis. Here we describe a potential mechanism involving direct trehalose action on the lysosome. We find trehalose is endocytically taken up by cells and accumulates within the endolysosomal system. This leads to a low-grade lysosomal stress with mild elevation of lysosomal pH, which acts as a potent stimulus for TFEB activation and nuclear translocation. This process appears to involve inactivation of MTORC1, a known negative regulator of TFEB which is sensitive to perturbations in lysosomal pH. Taken together, our data show the trehalose can act as a weak inhibitor of the lysosome which serves as a trigger for TFEB activation. Our work not only sheds light on trehalose action but suggests that mild alternation of lysosomal pH can be a novel method of inducing the autophagy-lysosome system.Abbreviations: ASO: antisense oligonucleotide; AU: arbitrary units; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CLFs: crude lysosomal fractions; CTSD: cathepsin D; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LIPA/LAL: lipase A, lysosomal acid type; MAP1LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; pMAC: peritoneal macrophages; SLC2A8/GLUT8: solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TMR: tetramethylrhodamine; TREH: trehalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trent D Evans
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Astrid Rodriguez-Velez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Koki Takabatake
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Slava Epelman
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Failure Research and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Ermakov EA, Kabirova EM, Sizikov AE, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs-Abzymes from the Sera of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hydrolyzed miRNAs. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:681-699. [PMID: 33116748 PMCID: PMC7550216 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s258558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease. The sera of SLE patients contain antibodies-abzymes hydrolyzing myelin basic protein (MBP), DNA, nucleotides, and oligosaccharides. The blood of SLE patients contains an increased amount of some specific miRNAs. This study aimed to analyze a possible hydrolysis of eight microRNAs found in the blood of SLE patients with high frequency by blood antibodies-abzymes. Patients and Methods Using affinity chromatography of the serum proteins of SLE patients and healthy donors on protein G-Sepharose and following FPLC gel filtration, electrophoretically homogeneous IgG preparations containing no impurities of canonical RNases were obtained. These preparations were used to analyze their activity in the hydrolysis of eight miRNAs. Results It was shown that SLE IgGs hydrolyze very efficiently four neuroregulatory miRNAs (miR-219-2-3p, miR-137, miR-219a-5p, and miR-9-5p) and four immunoregulatory miRNAs (miR-326, miR-21-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-146a-3p). To demonstrate that the miRNAs hydrolysis is an intrinsic property of SLE IgGs, several rigid criteria were checked. Only some IgGs of healthy donors showed very weak, but reliably detectable activity in the hydrolysis miRNAs. The average activity of SLE patients IgGs according to median values is statistically significant 84.8-fold higher than that of healthy donors. The maximum and comparable average activity (RA) was observed in the hydrolysis of three miRAs: miR-9-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-326. MiR-9-5p plays an important role in the development of lupus nephritis, while miR-326 activates the production of antibodies by B cells. The major and moderate specific sites of the hydrolysis of each miRNA were revealed. The hydrolysis of eight microRNAs was mostly site specific. Several SLE IgGs hydrolyzed some miRNAs demonstrating a combination of site-specific and non-specific splitting. Conclusion Since inflammatory processes in SLE are associated with the change in miRNAs expression, the decrease in their concentration due to hydrolysis by autoantibodies-abzymes may be important for SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evelina M Kabirova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey E Sizikov
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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14
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Saito M, Makino Y, Inoue K, Watanabe Y, Hoshi O, Kubota T. Anti-DNA antibodies cross-reactive with β 2-glycoprotein I induce monocyte tissue factor through the TLR9 pathway. Immunol Med 2020; 44:124-135. [PMID: 32701417 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1796285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for cardiolipin (CL)-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are known to induce tissue factor (TF) expression by monocytes and endothelial cells which leads to a prothrombotic state in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Previously, we reported that the mouse monoclonal anti-CL-β2GPI antibody WB-6 cross-reacts with DNA, enters monocytes via binding to cell surface DNA, and induces TF expression. The current study aimed to identify the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this process. The binding of WB-6 to CL-β2GPI or DNA, and endocytosis was not prevented by chloroquine, but pre-treatment of the cells with chloroquine significantly suppressed TF expression. TLR9 inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide also suppressed the WB-6-induced TF expression, suggesting a pivotal role of the TLR9 pathway in TF production. Serum antibodies obtained from a patient with APS accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bound to both CL-β2GPI and DNA, and induced TF in normal monocytes. This effect was suppressed by chloroquine, and abolished by removal of the DNA-binding activity. These results suggest that induction of TF expression results from TLR9 activation by DNA which was internalized together with cross-reactive antibodies produced in secondary APS accompanying SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Saito
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Clinical Research, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Makino
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Inoue
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshino Watanabe
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hoshi
- Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
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15
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Farokhi E, Fleming JK, Erasmus MF, Ward AD, Wu Y, Gutierrez MG, Wojciak JM, Huxford T. Ion Binding Properties of a Naturally Occurring Metalloantibody. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9020010. [PMID: 32316193 PMCID: PMC7345679 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
LT1009 is a humanized version of murine LT1002 IgG1 that employs two bridging Ca2+ ions to bind its antigen, the biologically active lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We crystallized and determined the X-ray crystal structure of the LT1009 Fab fragment in 10 mM CaCl2 and found that it binds two Ca2+ in a manner similar to its antigen-bound state. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) confirmed that murine LT1002 also binds Ca2+ in solution and inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that, although Ca2+ is preferred, LT1002 can bind Mg2+ and, to much lesser extent, Ba2+. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated that LT1002 binds two Ca2+ ions endothermically with a measured dissociation constant (KD) of 171 μM. Protein and genome sequence analyses suggested that LT1002 is representative of a small class of confirmed and potential metalloantibodies and that Ca2+ binding is likely encoded for in germline variable chain genes. To test this hypothesis, we engineered, expressed, and purified a Fab fragment consisting of naïve murine germline-encoded light and heavy chain genes from which LT1002 is derived and observed that it binds Ca2+ in solution. We propose that LT1002 is representative of a class of naturally occurring metalloantibodies that are evolutionarily conserved across diverse mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinaz Farokhi
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jonathan K. Fleming
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
- Apollo Endosurgery, Inc. (formerly Lpath, Inc.) 1120 S. Capital of Tx Hwy, Bldg. 1, Suite 300, Austin, TX 78746, USA;
| | - M. Frank Erasmus
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Aaron D. Ward
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunjin Wu
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Maria G. Gutierrez
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jonathan M. Wojciak
- Apollo Endosurgery, Inc. (formerly Lpath, Inc.) 1120 S. Capital of Tx Hwy, Bldg. 1, Suite 300, Austin, TX 78746, USA;
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA; (E.F.); (J.K.F.); (M.F.E.); (A.D.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-619-594-1606
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