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Huang R, Shi J, Wei R, Li J. Challenges of insulin-like growth factor-1 testing. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38323343 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2306804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), primarily synthesized in the liver, was initially discovered due to its capacity to replicate the metabolic effects of insulin. Subsequently, it emerged as a key regulator of the actions of growth hormone (GH), managing critical processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Notably, IGF-1 displays a longer half-life compared to GH, making it less susceptible to factors that may affect GH concentrations. Consequently, the measurement of IGF-1 proves to be more specific and sensitive when diagnosing conditions such as acromegaly or GH deficiency. The recognition of the existence of IGFBPs and their potential to interfere with IGF-1 immunoassays urged the implementation of various techniques to moderate this issue and provide accurate IGF-1 results. Additionally, in response to the limitations associated with IGF-1 immunoassays and the occurrence of discordant IGF-1 results, modern mass spectrometric methods were developed to facilitate the quantification of IGF-1 levels. Taking advantage of their ability to minimize the interference caused by IGF-1 variants, mass spectrometric methods offer the capacity to deliver robust, reliable, and accurate IGF-1 results, relying on the precision of mass measurements. This also enables the potential detection of pathogenic mutations through protein sequence analysis. However, despite the analytical challenges, the discordance in IGF-1 reference intervals can be attributed to a multitude of factors, potentially leading to distinct interpretations of results. The establishment of reference intervals for each assay is a demanding task, and it requires nationwide multicenter collaboration among laboratorians, clinicians, and assay manufacturers to achieve this common goal in a cost-effective and resource-efficient manner. In this comprehensive review, we examine the challenges associated with the standardization of IGF-1 measurement methods, the minimization of pre-analytical factors, and the harmonization of reference intervals. Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of IGF-1 measurement techniques using "top-down" or "bottom-up" mass spectrometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Harris Health System Ben Taub Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junyan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruhan Wei
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jieli Li
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Sabbah N, Wolf P, Piedvache C, Trabado S, Verdelet T, Cornu C, Souberbielle JC, Chanson P. Reference values for IGF-I serum concentration in an adult population: use of the VARIETE cohort for two new immunoassays. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1027-1034. [PMID: 34343107 PMCID: PMC8428081 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measurement of IGF-I is important in the management of patients with growth hormone disorders. Here we aim to establish normative data for two new IGF-I assay kits based on a large random sample of the French general adult population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We measured IGF-I in 911 healthy adults (18-90 years) with two immunoassays (ROCHE Elecsys® and IMMULITE-2000 calibrated against the new IS 02/2547). We compared the data with those of the six immunoassays (iSYS, LIAISON XL, IMMULITE-2000 calibrated against the first IS 87/518, IGF-I RIACT, Mediagnost ELISA, and Mediagnost RIA) that we reported previously. The pairwise concordance among the eight assays was assessed with Bland-Altman plots for both the IGF-1 raw data and the standard deviation scores (SDS), as well as with the percentage of observed agreement and the weighted Kappa coefficient for categorizing IGF-I SDS (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01831648). RESULTS The normative data included the range of values (2.5-97.5 percentiles) given by the two new IGF-I assays according to age group and sex. A formula for the SDS calculation is provided. As for the previous six assays, the lower limits of the reference intervals of the two new assays were similar, but the upper limits varied markedly. The pairwise concordances were only moderate (kappa 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Data obtained for these two new IGF-I immunoassays confirm that despite being obtained in the same large healthy population, the reference intervals of the eight commercial IGF-1 assay kits showed noteworthy differences. The agreement among the various methods was moderate to good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sabbah
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hôpital de Cayenne, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies Métaboliques, Cayenne, Guyane Française
| | - Peter Wolf
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Céline Piedvache
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Tristan Verdelet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Cornu
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC1407/UMR5558, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Chanson:
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Hillebrand JJ, Wickenhagen WV, Heijboer AC. Improving Science by Overcoming Laboratory Pitfalls With Hormone Measurements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1504-e1512. [PMID: 33382880 PMCID: PMC7993596 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the effort taken, there is often surprisingly little attention paid to the hormone analyses involved in research studies. Thinking carefully about the quality of the hormone measurements in these studies is, however, of major importance, as this attention to methods may prevent false conclusions and inappropriate follow-up studies. We discuss issues regarding hormone measurements that one should consider, ideally prior to starting, or otherwise, as they arise during a scientific study: quality of the technique, expertise, matrices, timing and storage conditions, freeze-thaw cycles, lot-to-lot and day-to-day variation, analyses per batch or sample-wise, singlicate or duplicate measurements, combining methods, and standardization. This article and the examples mentioned herein aim to clarify the need to pay attention to the hormone analyses, and to help in making decisions. In addition, these examples help editors and reviewers of scientific journals to pay attention to the methods section in the submitted manuscripts and ask the right critical questions when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelien J Hillebrand
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wjera V Wickenhagen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Annemieke C. Heijboer, Amsterdam UMC, Endocrine Laboratory (K2-283), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Pratt MS, van Faassen M, Remmelts N, Bischoff R, Kema IP. An antibody-free LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of intact insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2035-2044. [PMID: 33569646 PMCID: PMC7943504 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) are important biomarkers in research and diagnosis of growth disorders. Quantitative analysis is performed using various ligand-binding assays or enzymatic digestion LC-MS/MS methods, whose widespread adoption is hampered by time-consuming sample preparation procedures. We present a simple and fast antibody-free LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of intact IGF-1 and IGF-2 in human plasma. The method requires 50 μL of plasma and uses fully 15N-labelled IGF-1 as internal standard. It features trifluoroethanol (TFE)-based IGF/IGF-binding protein complex dissociation and a two-step selective protein precipitation workflow, using 5% acetic acid in 80/20 acetone/acetonitrile (precipitation 1) and ice-cold ethanol (precipitation 2). Detection of intact IGF-1 and IGF-2 is performed by means of a Waters XEVO TQ-S triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI+) mode. Lower limits of quantification were 5.9 ng/mL for IGF-1 and 8.4 ng/mL for IGF-2. Intra-assay imprecision was below 4.5% and inter-assay imprecision was below 5.8% for both analytes. An excellent correlation was found between nominal and measured concentrations of the WHO reference standard for IGF-1. Comparison with the IDS-iSYS IGF-1 immunoassay showed good correlation (R2 > 0.97), although a significant bias was observed with the immunoassay giving substantially higher concentrations. The LC-MS/MS method described here allows for reliable and simultaneous quantification of IGF-1 and IGF-2 in plasma, without the need for enzymatic digestion. The method can be readily implemented in clinical mass spectrometry laboratories and has the potential to be adapted for the analysis of different similarly sized peptide hormones. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pratt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noah Remmelts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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A high-throughput assay for the quantification of intact Insulin-like Growth Factor I in human serum using online SPE-LC-HRMS. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:391-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Obradovic M, Zafirovic S, Soskic S, Stanimirovic J, Trpkovic A, Jevremovic D, Isenovic ER. Effects of IGF-1 on the Cardiovascular System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3715-3725. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191106091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most common health problems worldwide, with a permanent increase in incidence. Growing evidence underlines that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a very important hormone responsible for normal CV system physiology. IGF-1 is an anabolic growth hormone, responsible for cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Despite systemic effects, IGF-1 exerts a wide array of influences in the CV system affecting metabolic homeostasis, vasorelaxation, cardiac contractility and hypertrophy, autophagy, apoptosis, and antioxidative processes. The vasodilatory effect of IGF-1, is achieved through the regulation of the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, at least partly, through enhancing inducible NOS (iNOS) activity. Also, IGF-1 stimulates vascular relaxation through regulation of sodium/potassiumadenosine- triphosphatase. Numerous animal studies provided evidence of diverse influences of IGF-1 in the CV system such as vasorelaxation, anti-apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Human studies indicate that low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 contribute to an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular disease. Large human trials aiming at finding clinical efficacy and outcome of IGF-1-related therapy are of great interest.:We look forward to the development of new IGF 1 therapies with minor side effects. In this review, we discuss the latest literature data regarding the function of IGF-1 in the CV system in the physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Soskic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja Trpkovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danimir Jevremovic
- Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Bronsema KJ, Klont F, Schalk FB, Bischoff R, Kema IP, van de Merbel NC. A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for insulin-like growth factor 1 in human plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1905-1912. [PMID: 29715173 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a biomarker with various applications in medicine and also in doping control. METHODS A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed that employs 15N-IGF1 as an internal standard. The method features urea-based IGF1/IGFBP-complex dissociation which is directly followed by tryptic digestion. Following solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample clean-up of the digest, IGF1 is detected by means of two signature peptides that enable quantification of total IGF1 as well as discrimination between IGF1 proteoforms with 'native' and modified or extended N-terminal sequences. RESULTS Our method is capable of measuring plasma IGF1 concentrations over the clinically relevant range of 10-1000 ng/mL and was validated according to regulatory guidelines. Comparison with the IDS-iSYS IGF1 immunoassay revealed good correlation (R2>0.97) and no proportional bias between both assays was observed after normalizing the results against the WHO reference standard for IGF1 (02/254). Evaluation of several commercially available IGF1 preparations showed varying responses which were due to inconsistencies in purity and absolute amount of IGF1 present in these products. CONCLUSIONS Our LC-MS/MS method introduces urea-based dissociation of IGF1/IGFBP-complexes to enable reliable quantification of IGF1 in plasma. Furthermore, the method is able to detect clinically relevant IGF1 levels without an enrichment procedure at the protein-level and thereby minimizes the risk of losing IGF1 proteoforms during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees J Bronsema
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Klont
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Schalk
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C van de Merbel
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Amerikaweg 18, 9407 TK Assen, The Netherlands.,Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, Phone: +31 592 303 431, Fax: +31 592 303 223
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8
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Valdés A, Lewitt M, Wiss E, Ramström M, Strage EM. Development of a Parallel Reaction Monitoring-MS Method To Quantify IGF Proteins in Dogs and a Case of Nonislet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:18-29. [PMID: 30376339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonislet-cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon well described in dogs and humans. Tumors associated with NICTH secrete incompletely processed forms of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), commonly named big IGF-II. These forms have increased bioavailability and interact with the insulin and IGF-I receptor causing hypoglycemia and growth-promoting effects. Immunoassays designed for human samples have been used to measure canine IGF-I and -II, but they possess some limitations. In addition, there are no validated methods for measurement of big IGF-II in dogs. In the present study, a targeted parallel reaction monitoring MS-based method previously developed for cats has been optimized and applied to simultaneously quantify the serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, and for the first time, the levels of big IGF-II in dogs. This method allows the absolute quantification of IGF proteins using a mixture of QPrEST proteins previously designed for humans. The method possesses good linearity and repeatability and has been used to evaluate the IGF-system in a dog with NICTH syndrome. In this dog, the levels of big IGF-II decreased by 80% and the levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increased approximately 20- and 4-times, respectively, after removal of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry , Uppsala University , 75123 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Moira Lewitt
- School of Health and Life Sciences , University of the West of Scotland , PA1 2BE Paisley , United Kingdom
| | - Erica Wiss
- Albano Animal Hospital , 182 36 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Margareta Ramström
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry , Uppsala University , 75123 Uppsala , Sweden
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Bonert V, Carmichael J, Wu Z, Mirocha J, Perez DA, Clarke NJ, Reitz RE, McPhaul MJ, Mamelak A. Discordance between mass spectrometry and immunometric IGF-1 assay in pituitary disease: a prospective study. Pituitary 2018; 21:65-75. [PMID: 29218459 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measuring IGF-1, a biomarker for GH activity, is critical to evaluating disordered hypothalamic-pituitary GH axis. Inconsistent IGF-1 measurements among different immunoassays are well documented. We switched from Immulite 2000 immunoassay to narrow-mass-extraction, high-resolution liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) compliant with recent consensus recommendations on assay standardization. Comparability of these two assays in patients with pituitary disease in a clinical practice setting is not known. We sought to compare IGF-1 levels on Immulite 2000 and LC-MS in samples from naïve and treated patients with secretory and non-secretory pituitary masses. METHODS We prospectively collected serum samples from 101 patients treated at the Cedars-Sinai Pituitary Center between February 2012 and March 2014. We intentionally recruited more patients with acromegaly or GH deficiency to ensure a clinically representative cohort. Samples were classified as in or out of the respective reference ranges. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between assays. RESULTS Twenty-four percent of samples were classified differently as below, in, or above range. Agreement between the assays was poor overall, with a significant bias for immunoassay reporting higher values than LC-MS. This pattern was also observed in patients with acromegaly and those with ≥ 2 pituitary hormone deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 results may differ after switching from an older immunoassay to a consensus-compliant assay such as LC-MS. Clinicians should consider the potential impact of assay switching before altering treatment due to discrepant results, particularly in patients monitored over time, such as those with acromegaly and GH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Bonert
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Sixth Floor, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - John Carmichael
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Sixth Floor, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Zengru Wu
- Quest Diagnostics, Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | - James Mirocha
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Sixth Floor, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel A Perez
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Sixth Floor, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nigel J Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics, Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | - Richard E Reitz
- Quest Diagnostics, Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | | | - Adam Mamelak
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Sixth Floor, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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10
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Clinical proteomics: Insights from IGF-I. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 477:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Zheng YZ, DeMarco ML. Manipulating trypsin digestion conditions to accelerate proteolysis and simplify digestion workflows in development of protein mass spectrometric assays for the clinical laboratory. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Mavromati M, Kuhn E, Agostini H, Brailly-Tabard S, Massart C, Piketty ML, Arnoux A, Young J, Souberbielle JC, Chanson P. Classification of Patients With GH Disorders May Vary According to the IGF-I Assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2844-2852. [PMID: 28505364 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) measurement is essential for the diagnosis and management of growth hormone (GH) disorders. However, patient classification may vary substantially according to the assay technique. OBJECTIVE We compared individual patient data and classifications obtained with six different IGF-I assay kits in a group of patients with various GH disorders. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, we measured IGF-I with six immunoassays in 102 patients with active or treated acromegaly or GH deficiency. IGF-I normative data previously established for the same six assay kits were used to classify the patients (high, low, or normal IGF-I levels), using both raw data and standard deviation scores (SDSs). Pairwise concordance between assays was assessed with Bland-Altman plots and with the percentage of observed agreement and the weighted κ coefficient for categorized IGF-I SDS. RESULTS We observed marked variability both across each individual's IGF-I raw data and across IGF-I SDS values obtained with each of the six immunoassays. Pairwise concordance between assay values, as assessed with the weighted κ coefficient, ranged from 0.50 (moderate) to 0.81 (excellent). CONCLUSION Even when using normative data obtained in the same large population of healthy subjects and when using calculated IGF-I SDSs, agreement among IGF-I assay methods is only moderate to good. Differences in assay performance must be taken into account when evaluating and monitoring patients with GH disorders. This argues for the use of the same IGF-I assay for a given patient throughout follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavromati
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kuhn
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hélène Agostini
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Massart
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, F29000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Liesse Piketty
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Arnoux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, F94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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13
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Sundberg M, Strage EM, Bergquist J, Holst BS, Ramström M. Quantitative and Selective Analysis of Feline Growth Related Proteins Using Parallel Reaction Monitoring High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167138. [PMID: 27907059 PMCID: PMC5132254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Today immunoassays are widely used in veterinary medicine, but lack of species specific assays often necessitates the use of assays developed for human applications. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an attractive alternative due to high specificity and versatility, allowing for species-independent analysis. Targeted MS-based quantification methods are valuable complements to large scale shotgun analysis. A method referred to as parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), implemented on Orbitrap MS, has lately been presented as an excellent alternative to more traditional selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) methods. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system is not well described in the cat but there are indications of important differences between cats and humans. In feline medicine IGF–I is mainly analyzed for diagnosis of growth hormone disorders but also for research, while the other proteins in the IGF-system are not routinely analyzed within clinical practice. Here, a PRM method for quantification of IGF–I, IGF–II, IGF binding protein (BP) –3 and IGFBP–5 in feline serum is presented. Selective quantification was supported by the use of a newly launched internal standard named QPrEST™. Homology searches demonstrated the possibility to use this standard of human origin for quantification of the targeted feline proteins. Excellent quantitative sensitivity at the attomol/μL (pM) level and selectivity were obtained. As the presented approach is very generic we show that high resolution mass spectrometry in combination with PRM and QPrEST™ internal standards is a versatile tool for protein quantitation across multispecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Sundberg
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–BMC and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma M. Strage
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–BMC and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bodil S. Holst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ramström
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–BMC and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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14
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Chanson P, Arnoux A, Mavromati M, Brailly-Tabard S, Massart C, Young J, Piketty ML, Souberbielle JC. Reference Values for IGF-I Serum Concentrations: Comparison of Six Immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3450-8. [PMID: 27167056 PMCID: PMC5054194 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Measurement of IGF-I is essential for diagnosis and management of patients with disorders affecting the somatotropic axis. However, even when IGF-I kit manufacturers follow recent consensus guidelines, different kits can give very different results for a given sample. OBJECTIVES We sought to establish normative data for six IGF-I assay kits based on a large random sample of the French general adult population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional multicenter cohort study, we measured IGF-I in 911 healthy adults (18-90 years) with six immunoassays (iSYS, LIAISON XL, IMMULITE, IGFI RIACT, Mediagnost ELISA, and Mediagnost RIA). Pairwise concordance between assays was assessed with Bland-Altman plots for both IGF-1 raw data and standard deviation scores (SDS), as well as with the percentage of observed agreement and the weighted Kappa coefficient for categorized IGF-I SDS. RESULTS Normative data included the range of values (2.5-97.5 percentiles) given by the six IGF-I assays according to age group and sex. A formula for SDS calculation is provided. Although the lower limits of the reference intervals of the six assays were similar, the upper limits varied markedly. Pairwise concordances were moderate to good (0.38-0.70). CONCLUSION Despite being obtained in the same healthy population, the reference intervals of the six commercial IGF-1 assay kits showed noteworthy differences. Agreement between methods was moderate to good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chanson
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Armelle Arnoux
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Maria Mavromati
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Catherine Massart
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Marie-Liesse Piketty
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance (P.C., M.M., J.Y.), Unité de Recherche Clinique (A.A.), and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie (S.B.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F94275, France; Inserm 1185 (P.C., S.B.T., J.Y.), Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276, France; and Laboratoire d'Hormonologie (C.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique, Inserm 1414, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, F29000, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles (M-L.P., J.-C.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F75015, France
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van den Broek I, Blokland M, Nessen MA, Sterk S. Current trends in mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins: Application to veterinary and sports-doping control. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:571-594. [PMID: 24375671 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of misuse of peptides and proteins as growth promoters is a major issue for sport and food regulatory agencies. The limitations of current analytical detection strategies for this class of compounds, in combination with their efficacy in growth-promoting effects, make peptide and protein drugs highly susceptible to abuse by either athletes or farmers who seek for products to illicitly enhance muscle growth. Mass spectrometry (MS) for qualitative analysis of peptides and proteins is well-established, particularly due to tremendous efforts in the proteomics community. Similarly, due to advancements in targeted proteomic strategies and the rapid growth of protein-based biopharmaceuticals, MS for quantitative analysis of peptides and proteins is becoming more widely accepted. These continuous advances in MS instrumentation and MS-based methodologies offer enormous opportunities for detection and confirmation of peptides and proteins. Therefore, MS seems to be the method of choice to improve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of peptide and proteins with growth-promoting properties. This review aims to address the opportunities of MS for peptide and protein analysis in veterinary control and sports-doping control with a particular focus on detection of illicit growth promotion. An overview of potential peptide and protein targets, including their amino acid sequence characteristics and current MS-based detection strategies is, therefore, provided. Furthermore, improvements of current and new detection strategies with state-of-the-art MS instrumentation are discussed for qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van den Broek
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A Nessen
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Sterk
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Roelfsema F, van den Berg G. Diagnosis, treatment and clinical perspectives of acromegaly. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:619-644. [PMID: 30289037 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.1096770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is an insidious disease of the pituitary caused by a growth hormone-secreting adenoma. Generally, the diagnosis is made rather late in the course of the disease. Currently, acromegaly can be cured in about half of the patients with the disease by expert surgery. The remainder of non-surgically cured patients often can be effectively treated with somatostatin analogs; either with the new generation of dopaminergic drugs or with Pegvisomant, a GH-receptor blocking agent. However, at the time of diagnosis many patients suffer from serious comorbidities, including hypertension, heart disease, arthrosis, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus. Recent reports have shown that mortality risk can be normalized. Nevertheless, all efforts should be undertaken to treat comorbidities. New strategies for surgery and medical treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Roelfsema
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit van den Berg
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center of Groningen , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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17
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Guitelman M, Smithuis F, Garcia Basavilbaso N, Aranda C, Fabre B, Oneto A. Reference ranges for an automated chemiluminescent assay for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in a large population of healthy adults from Buenos Aires. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:951-6. [PMID: 25740070 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) represents an essential tool in the diagnostic work-up and in the monitoring of treatment efficacy for somatotrophic axis disorders both in children and adults. A large number of factors including, but not limited to, age, sex and weight as well as analytical variables influence IGF-I serum levels; therefore, reliable normative data are essential for a correct interpretation of results. The aim of the present study was to establish reference range values for serum IGF-I, in a large population of healthy adults from Buenos Aires city. METHODS The study included serum samples from 1044 healthy subjects aged 21-87 years (423 females and 621 males) divided into groups by sex at 5-year intervals from 21 to >75 years. Serum IGF-I concentrations were determined by a fully automated two-site, solid-phase, enzyme-labeled chemiluminescent immunometric assay (Immulite 2000, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). IGF-BP interferences are circumvented by blocking IGF-BP binding sites with excess IGF-II in the on-board predilution step. RESULTS Results show the age dependence of circulating IGF-I levels, with a smooth and steady decrease in levels with age. No sex differences were found in subjects >26 years; however, in the group aged 21-25 years, IGF-I levels were significantly higher in females. In conclusion, this study provides age- and gender-adjusted normal reference ranges for IGF-I levels obtained with an automated immunometric chemiluminescent assay Immulite 2000 in healthy adult subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guitelman
- División Endocrinología, Hospital Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Scherl A. Clinical protein mass spectrometry. Methods 2015; 81:3-14. [PMID: 25752846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative protein analysis is routinely performed in clinical chemistry laboratories for diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognosis. Today, protein assays are mostly performed either with non-specific detection methods or immunoassays. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very specific analytical method potentially very well suited for clinical laboratories. Its unique advantage relies in the high specificity of the detection. Any protein sequence variant, the presence of a post-translational modification or degradation will differ in mass and structure, and these differences will appear in the mass spectrum of the protein. On the other hand, protein MS is a relatively young technique, demanding specialized personnel and expensive instrumentation. Many scientists and opinion leaders predict MS to replace immunoassays for routine protein analysis, but there are only few protein MS applications routinely used in clinical chemistry laboratories today. The present review consists of a didactical introduction summarizing the pros and cons of MS assays compared to immunoassays, the different instrumentations, and various MS protein assays that have been proposed and/or are used in clinical laboratories. An important distinction is made between full length protein analysis (top-down method) and peptide analysis after enzymatic digestion of the proteins (bottom-up method) and its implication for the protein assay. The document ends with an outlook on what type of analyses could be used in the future, and for what type of applications MS has a clear advantage compared to immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scherl
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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19
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Amao M, Kitahara Y, Tokunaga A, Shimbo K, Eto Y, Yamada N. Simultaneous quantification of intracellular and secreted active and inactive glucagon-like peptide-1 from cultured cells. Anal Biochem 2015; 472:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kyriakakis N, Chau V, Lynch J, Orme SM, Murray RD. Lanreotide autogel in acromegaly - a decade on. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2681-92. [PMID: 25307803 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.970173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The novel formulation of lanreotide, lanreotide (LAN) autogel (ATG), has been available in Europe since 2001 and USA from 2006 for the treatment of acromegaly. It is one of only two clinically available somatostatin analogs available for use in acromegaly. Data relating to the use of ATG in acromegaly, specifically relating to comparison to octreotide (OCT) LAR and patient acceptability and preference, have been slow to accumulate. AREAS COVERED We performed a comprehensive review of the original literature relating to development, pharmacokinetics, acceptability and clinical efficacy of ATG. EXPERT OPINION LAN ATG is a novel formulation of LAN consequent on self-assembly of nanotubules in water. Diffusion between molecules within the nanotubules and surrounding tissue fluid in vivo leads to pseudo first-order pharmacokinetics. Efficacy is equivalent to the alternate long-acting somatostatin analog, OCT LAR, normalizing growth hormone and IGF-I levels in around 60 and 50% respectively. Control of tumor growth is observed in over 95% of patients, with 64% seeing a clinically significant reduction in tumor size. ATG is provided in a prefilled syringe for deep subcutaneous injection, allowing self-injection, and may be administered up to 8 weeks greatly improving convenience for the patient. The data strongly support consideration of ATG as the medical therapy of choice for patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kyriakakis
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology , Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF , UK +44 0 113 206 4578 ; +44 0 113 206 5065 ;
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21
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Quantitation of human peptides and proteins via MS: review of analytically validated assays. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1843-57. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the development of monoclonal antibodies in the 1970s, antibody-based assays have been used for the quantitation of proteins and peptides and, today, they are the most widely used technology in routine laboratory medicine and bioanalysis. However, in the last couple of decades, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) techniques have been adopted in the quantitation of small molecules, and more recently have made significant contributions in the quantitation of proteins and peptides. In this article, we will review clinical MS-based assays for endogenous peptides, proteins, and therapeutic antibodies, for which validated methods exist. We will also cover the measurement of protein turnover and the unique solutions that MS can offer in this field.
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22
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Oran PE, Trenchevska O, Nedelkov D, Borges CR, Schaab MR, Rehder DS, Jarvis JW, Sherma ND, Shen L, Krastins B, Schwenke DC, Reaven PD, Nelson RW. Parallel workflow for high-throughput (>1,000 samples/day) quantitative analysis of human insulin-like growth factor 1 using mass spectrometric immunoassay. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92801. [PMID: 24664114 PMCID: PMC3963945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important biomarker for the management of growth hormone disorders. Recently there has been rising interest in deploying mass spectrometric (MS) methods of detection for measuring IGF1. However, widespread clinical adoption of any MS-based IGF1 assay will require increased throughput and speed to justify the costs of analyses, and robust industrial platforms that are reproducible across laboratories. Presented here is an MS-based quantitative IGF1 assay with performance rating of >1,000 samples/day, and a capability of quantifying IGF1 point mutations and posttranslational modifications. The throughput of the IGF1 mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) benefited from a simplified sample preparation step, IGF1 immunocapture in a tip format, and high-throughput MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification of the resulting assay were 1.5 μg/L and 5 μg/L, respectively, with intra- and inter-assay precision CVs of less than 10%, and good linearity and recovery characteristics. The IGF1 MSIA was benchmarked against commercially available IGF1 ELISA via Bland-Altman method comparison test, resulting in a slight positive bias of 16%. The IGF1 MSIA was employed in an optimized parallel workflow utilizing two pipetting robots and MALDI-TOF-MS instruments synced into one-hour phases of sample preparation, extraction and MSIA pipette tip elution, MS data collection, and data processing. Using this workflow, high-throughput IGF1 quantification of 1,054 human samples was achieved in approximately 9 hours. This rate of assaying is a significant improvement over existing MS-based IGF1 assays, and is on par with that of the enzyme-based immunoassays. Furthermore, a mutation was detected in ∼1% of the samples (SNP: rs17884626, creating an A→T substitution at position 67 of the IGF1), demonstrating the capability of IGF1 MSIA to detect point mutations and posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Oran
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Olgica Trenchevska
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chad R Borges
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Schaab
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Douglas S Rehder
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jason W Jarvis
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nisha D Sherma
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Luhui Shen
- Center for Innovations in Medicine, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bryan Krastins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, The Biomarkers Research Initiatives in Mass Spectrometry Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dawn C Schwenke
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America; College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Randall W Nelson
- Molecular Biomarkers Laboratory, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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23
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Abstract
Acromegaly is predominantly caused by a pituitary adenoma, which secretes an excess of GH resulting in increased IGF1 levels. Most of the GH assays used currently measure only the levels of the 22 kDa form of GH. In theory, the diagnostic sensitivity may be lower compared with the previous assays, which have used polyclonal antibodies. Many GH-secreting adenomas are plurihormonal and may co-secrete prolactin, TSH and α-subunit. Hyperprolactinaemia is found in 30-40% of patients with acromegaly, and hyperprolactinaemia may occasionally be diagnosed before acromegaly is apparent. Although trans-sphenoidal surgery of a GH-secreting adenoma remains the first treatment at most centres, the role of somatostatin analogues, octreotide long-acting repeatable and lanreotide Autogel as primary therapy is still the subject of some debate. Although the normalisation of GH and IGF1 levels is the main objective in all patients with acromegaly, GH and IGF1 levels may be discordant, especially during somatostatin analogue therapy. This discordance usually takes the form of high GH levels and an IGF1 level towards the upper limit of the normal range. Pasireotide, a new somatostatin analogue, may be more efficacious in some patients, but the drug has not yet been registered for acromegaly. Papers published on pasireotide have reported an increased risk of diabetes mellitus due to a reduction in insulin levels. Pegvisomant, the GH receptor antagonist, is indicated - alone or in combination with a somatostatin analogue - in most patients who fail to enter remission on a somatostatin analogue. Dopamine-D2-agonists may be effective as monotherapy in a few patients, but it may prove necessary to apply combination therapy involving a somatostatin analogue and/or pegvisomant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Sønder Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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24
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Abstract
The worldwide clinical and scientific interest in peptides belonging to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has brought along a call for standardization of assays used to quantify the different IGF related proteins. This relates in particular to the measurement of IGF-I, which has stood the test of time as an important biochemical tool in the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) related disorders. The first international consensus statement on the measurement of IGF-I in 2011 represents an important milestone and will undoubtedly improve commutability of reference ranges for IGF-I and clinically applicable cut-off values. By contrast, there is no consensus addressing the measurements of the other IGF-related peptides. Nevertheless, measurement of these peptides may be of interest, either as additional tools in GH disorders or as prognostic biomarkers of various diseases. Therefore, standardization of assays for the other IGF-related peptides is highly relevant. This chapter discusses the recent consensus on IGF-I measurements and how this approach may be applied to measurement of the other IGF-related peptides. In addition, assay pitfalls, pre- and post-analytical challenges, alternative methods for IGF-I measurements and potential assays of tomorrow will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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25
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Targeted selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometric immunoassay for insulin-like growth factor 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81125. [PMID: 24278387 PMCID: PMC3836743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important biomarker of human growth disorders that is routinely analyzed in clinical laboratories. Mass spectrometry-based workflows offer a viable alternative to standard IGF1 immunoassays, which utilize various pre-analytical preparation strategies. In this work we developed an assay that incorporates a novel sample preparation method for dissociating IGF1 from its binding proteins. The workflow also includes an immunoaffinity step using antibody-derivatized pipette tips, followed by elution, trypsin digestion, and LC-MS/MS separation and detection of the signature peptides in a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The resulting quantitative mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) exhibited good linearity in the range of 1 to 1,500 ng/mL IGF1, intra- and inter-assay precision with CVs of less than 10%, and lowest limits of detection of 1 ng/mL. The linearity and recovery characteristics of the assay were also established, and the new method compared to a commercially available immunoassay using a large cohort of human serum samples. The IGF1 SRM MSIA is well suited for use in clinical laboratories.
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26
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Monaghan PJ, Keevil BG, Trainer PJ. Mass spectrometry for the endocrine clinic--much to digest. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:344-6. [PMID: 23231746 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Monaghan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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