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Inoue Y, Kumagai K, Ishikawa K, Kato I, Kusaba Y, Naka T, Nagashima K, Choe H, Ike H, Kobayashi N, Inaba Y. Increased Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling is associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1880-1889. [PMID: 38440852 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signal expression in the degenerative process of the human meniscus. Menisci were obtained from patients with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA), and degeneration was histologically assessed using a grading system. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the expressions of chondrogenic markers and of the components of Wnt signaling. Histological analyses showed that meniscal degeneration involved a transition from a fibroblastic to a chondrogenic phenotype with the upregulation of SOX9, collagen type II, collagen type XI, and aggrecan, which were associated with increased Wnt5a and ROR2 and decreased TCF7 expressions. OA menisci showed significantly higher expressions of Wnt5a and ROR2 and significantly lower expressions of AXIN2 and TCF7 than non-OA menisci on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. These results potentially demonstrated that increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling promoted chondrogenesis with decreased expression in downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This study provides insights into the role of Wnt signaling in the process of meniscal degeneration, shifting to a chondrogenic phenotype. The findings suggested that the increased expression of Wnt5a/ROR2 and decreased expression of the downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kimi Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Youhei Kusaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyonmin Choe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ike
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Muscloskeletal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Feng X, Ye Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Mak JCW, Otomo N, Zhao Z, Niu Y, Yonezawa Y, Li G, Lin M, Li X, Cheung PWH, Xu K, Takeda K, Wang S, Xie J, Kotani T, Choi VNT, Song YQ, Yang Y, Luk KDK, Lee KS, Li Z, Li PS, Leung CYH, Lin X, Wang X, Qiu G, Watanabe K, Wu Z, Posey JE, Ikegawa S, Lupski JR, Cheung JPY, Zhang TJ, Gao B, Wu N. Core planar cell polarity genes VANGL1 and VANGL2 in predisposition to congenital vertebral malformations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310283121. [PMID: 38669183 PMCID: PMC11067467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310283121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital scoliosis (CS), affecting approximately 0.5 to 1 in 1,000 live births, is commonly caused by congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) arising from aberrant somitogenesis or somite differentiation. While Wnt/ß-catenin signaling has been implicated in somite development, the function of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Vangl1 and Vangl2 in vertebral development and found that their deletion causes vertebral anomalies resembling human CVMs. Analysis of exome sequencing data from multiethnic CS patients revealed a number of rare and deleterious variants in VANGL1 and VANGL2, many of which exhibited loss-of-function and dominant-negative effects. Zebrafish models confirmed the pathogenicity of these variants. Furthermore, we found that Vangl1 knock-in (p.R258H) mice exhibited vertebral malformations in a Vangl gene dose- and environment-dependent manner. Our findings highlight critical roles for PCP signaling in vertebral development and predisposition to CVMs in CS patients, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongyu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510080, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan250012, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Judith C. W. Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nao Otomo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Zhengye Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yoshiro Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Guozhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Prudence Wing Hang Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Toshiaki Kotani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | - Vanessa N. T. Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Keith Dip Kei Luk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kin Shing Lee
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ziquan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Pik Shan Li
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Connie Y. H. Leung
- Center for Comparative Medicine Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | | | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo108-8639, Japan
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston77030, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518009, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Key laboratory of big data for spinal deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing100730, China
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Konopelski Snavely SE, Srinivasan S, Dreyer CA, Tan J, Carraway KL, Ho HYH. Non-canonical WNT5A-ROR signaling: New perspectives on an ancient developmental pathway. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:195-227. [PMID: 36967195 PMCID: PMC11042798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering non-canonical WNT signaling has proven to be both fascinating and challenging. Discovered almost 30 years ago, non-canonical WNT ligands signal independently of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin to regulate a wide range of morphogenetic processes during development. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie non-canonical WNT function, however, remain nebulous. Recent results from various model systems have converged to define a core non-canonical WNT pathway consisting of the prototypic non-canonical WNT ligand, WNT5A, the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR, the seven transmembrane receptor Frizzled and the cytoplasmic scaffold protein Dishevelled. Importantly, mutations in each of these signaling components cause Robinow syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by profound tissue morphogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, dysregulation of the pathway has also been linked to cancer metastasis. As new knowledge concerning the WNT5A-ROR pathway continues to grow, modeling these mutations will likely provide crucial insights into both the physiological regulation of the pathway and the etiology of WNT5A-ROR-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Konopelski Snavely
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Srisathya Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jia Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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Liegel RP, Michalski MN, Vaidya S, Bittermann E, Finnerty E, Menke CA, Diegel CR, Zhong ZA, Williams BO, Stottmann RW. Successful therapeutic intervention in new mouse models of frizzled 2-associated congenital malformations. Development 2023; 150:dev201038. [PMID: 36789910 PMCID: PMC10112907 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Frizzled 2 (FZD2) is a transmembrane Wnt receptor. We previously identified a pathogenic human FZD2 variant in individuals with FZD2-associated autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. The variant encoded a protein with a premature stop and loss of 17 amino acids, including a region of the consensus dishevelled-binding sequence. To model this variant, we used zygote microinjection and i-GONAD-based CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate a mouse allelic series. Embryos mosaic for humanized Fzd2W553* knock-in exhibited cleft palate and shortened limbs, consistent with patient phenotypes. We also generated two germline mouse alleles with small deletions: Fzd2D3 and Fzd2D4. Homozygotes for each allele exhibit a highly penetrant cleft palate phenotype, shortened limbs compared with wild type and perinatal lethality. Fzd2D4 craniofacial tissues indicated decreased canonical Wnt signaling. In utero treatment with IIIC3a (a DKK inhibitor) normalized the limb lengths in Fzd2D4 homozygotes. The in vivo replication represents an approach for further investigating the mechanism of FZD2 phenotypes and demonstrates the utility of CRISPR knock-in mice as a tool for investigating the pathogenicity of human genetic variants. We also present evidence for a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Liegel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Megan N. Michalski
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sanika Vaidya
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bittermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Erin Finnerty
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Chelsea A. Menke
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Cassandra R. Diegel
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zhendong A. Zhong
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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5
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The Mechanism of Wnt Pathway Regulated by Telocytes to Promote the Regeneration and Repair of Intrauterine Adhesions. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3809792. [PMID: 35844454 PMCID: PMC9279088 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3809792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Telocytes (TCs), a novel interstitial cell type in the reproductive tract, participating in pathophysiology of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). This study further investigates the hypothesis that TCs, a source of Wnt, promote the regeneration and repair of IUA. Methods RNA sequencing datasets of IUA patient (GSE160633) and mouse intestine mesenchymal cells (GSE94072) in GEO database were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) measured indicated gene expression in TC-educated endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and noneducated ESCs and verified the results of data mining from GEO database. Results The expression levels of Wnt genes were downregulated in IUA compared to the control and were upregulated in TCs. In particular, the changes of Wnt5a expression level were the most significant (logFC = 4.0314 and adjusted P value = 0.0023), and the relative Wnt5a expression level was remarkably higher in TC-educated ESCs than noneducated ESCs verified by qRT-PCR (P = 0.0027). Conclusions TCs may enhance the regeneration and repair of IUA through the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Zhu H, Chen Y, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Chen L. A novel variant in WNT5A responsible for Robinow syndrome in a male fetus with limb shortening and agenesis of the penis. Clin Dysmorphol 2022; 31:71-73. [PMID: 34750320 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | | | - Yanyan Niu
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Ultrasound Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics
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Škorić-Milosavljević D, Tadros R, Bosada FM, Tessadori F, van Weerd JH, Woudstra OI, Tjong FV, Lahrouchi N, Bajolle F, Cordell HJ, Agopian A, Blue GM, Barge-Schaapveld DQ, Gewillig M, Preuss C, Lodder EM, Barnett P, Ilgun A, Beekman L, van Duijvenboden K, Bokenkamp R, Müller-Nurasyid M, Vliegen HW, Konings TC, van Melle JP, van Dijk AP, van Kimmenade RR, Roos-Hesselink JW, Sieswerda GT, Meijboom F, Abdul-Khaliq H, Berger F, Dittrich S, Hitz MP, Moosmann J, Riede FT, Schubert S, Galan P, Lathrop M, Munter HM, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ, Morrison KE, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Evans S, Nobrega MA, Aneas I, Radivojkov-Blagojević M, Meitinger T, Oechslin E, Mondal T, Bergin L, Smythe JF, Altamirano-Diaz L, Lougheed J, Bouma BJ, Chaix MA, Kline J, Bassett AS, Andelfinger G, van der Palen RL, Bouvagnet P, Clur SAB, Breckpot J, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Winlaw DS, Bauer UM, Mital S, Goldmuntz E, Keavney B, Bonnet D, Mulder BJ, Tanck MW, Bakkers J, Christoffels VM, Boogerd CJ, Postma AV, Bezzina CR. Common Genetic Variants Contribute to Risk of Transposition of the Great Arteries. Circ Res 2022; 130:166-180. [PMID: 34886679 PMCID: PMC8768504 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is a severe congenital heart defect which affects approximately 1 in 4,000 live births. While there are several reports of D-TGA patients with rare variants in individual genes, the majority of D-TGA cases remain genetically elusive. Familial recurrence patterns and the observation that most cases with D-TGA are sporadic suggest a polygenic inheritance for the disorder, yet this remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the role of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in risk for D-TGA. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a genome-wide association study in an international set of 1,237 patients with D-TGA and identified a genome-wide significant susceptibility locus on chromosome 3p14.3, which was subsequently replicated in an independent case-control set (rs56219800, meta-analysis P=8.6x10-10, OR=0.69 per C allele). SNP-based heritability analysis showed that 25% of variance in susceptibility to D-TGA may be explained by common variants. A genome-wide polygenic risk score derived from the discovery set was significantly associated to D-TGA in the replication set (P=4x10-5). The genome-wide significant locus (3p14.3) co-localizes with a putative regulatory element that interacts with the promoter of WNT5A, which encodes the Wnt Family Member 5A protein known for its role in cardiac development in mice. We show that this element drives reporter gene activity in the developing heart of mice and zebrafish and is bound by the developmental transcription factor TBX20. We further demonstrate that TBX20 attenuates Wnt5a expression levels in the developing mouse heart. CONCLUSIONS This work provides support for a polygenic architecture in D-TGA and identifies a susceptibility locus on chromosome 3p14.3 near WNT5A. Genomic and functional data support a causal role of WNT5A at the locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Škorić-Milosavljević
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., E.M.L., A.V.P.)
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (R.T., M.-A.C.)
| | - Fernanda M. Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.T., J.B., C.J.B.)
| | - Jan Hendrik van Weerd
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Odilia I. Woudstra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (O.I.W., G.T.S., F.M.)
| | - Fleur V.Y. Tjong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
| | - Najim Lahrouchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (F.B., S.S.)
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (H.J.C.)
| | - A.J. Agopian
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX (A.J.A.)
| | - Gillian M. Blue
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia (G.M.B., D.S.W.)
| | | | | | - Christoph Preuss
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada (C.P., G.A.)
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (C.P.)
| | - Elisabeth M. Lodder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., E.M.L., A.V.P.)
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Leander Beekman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
| | - Karel van Duijvenboden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Regina Bokenkamp
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (R.B., R.L.F.v.d.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (M.M.-N.)
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (M.M.-N.)
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.M.-N.)
| | - Hubert W. Vliegen
- Department of Cardiology (H.W.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Thelma C. Konings
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands (T.C.K.)
| | - Joost P. van Melle
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Arie P.J. van Dijk
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.P.J.v.D., R.R.J.v.K.)
| | - Roland R.J. van Kimmenade
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (A.P.J.v.D., R.R.J.v.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (R.R.J.v.K.)
| | - Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.W.R.-H.)
| | - Gertjan T. Sieswerda
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (O.I.W., G.T.S., F.M.)
| | - Folkert Meijboom
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (O.I.W., G.T.S., F.M.)
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Homburg, Germany (H.A.-K.)
| | - Felix Berger
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Centre de référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes - M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (F.B., D.B.)
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Paediatric Cardiology, Germany (F.B.)
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Germany (S.D., J.M.)
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Kiel, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (M.-P.H.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (M.-P.H.)
| | - Julia Moosmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Germany (S.D., J.M.)
| | - Frank-Thomas Riede
- Leipzig Heart Center, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Germany (F.-T.R.)
| | - Stephan Schubert
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (F.B., S.S.)
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Center of Congenital Heart Disease, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord (Paris 13) University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center – University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France (P.G.)
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill Genome Centre and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada (M.L., H.M.M.)
| | - Hans M. Munter
- McGill Genome Centre and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada (M.L., H.M.M.)
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom (A.A.-C.)
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom (C.E.S.)
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand (C.E.S.)
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience, United Kingdom (P.J.S.)
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine Health & Life Sciences, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom (K.E.M.)
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.)
| | - Leonard H. van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.)
| | - Sylvia Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego (S.E.)
| | | | - Ivy Aneas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (M.A.N., I.A.)
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Institut of Human Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany (M.R.-B., T.M.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (T.M.)
| | - Erwin Oechslin
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults and University of Toronto, Canada (E.O.)
| | - Tapas Mondal
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (T.M.)
| | - Lynn Bergin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada (L.B.)
| | - John F. Smythe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kingston General Hospital, ON, Canada (J.F.S.)
| | | | - Jane Lougheed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada (J.L.)
| | - Berto J. Bouma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
| | - Marie-A. Chaix
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada (R.T., M.-A.C.)
| | - Jennie Kline
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY (J.K.)
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (A.S.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada (A.S.B.)
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada (C.P., G.A.)
| | - Roel L.F. van der Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (R.B., R.L.F.v.d.P.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Patrice Bouvagnet
- CPDPN, Hôpital MFME, CHU Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique, France (P.B.)
| | - Sally-Ann B. Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AMC), The Netherlands (S.-A.B.C.)
- Centre for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL) (S.-A.B.C.)
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.T., J.B., C.J.B.)
- Center for Human Genetics University Hospitals KU Leuven, Belgium (J.B.)
| | | | - David S. Winlaw
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia (G.M.B., D.S.W.)
| | - Ulrike M.M. Bauer
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (U.M.M.B.)
| | - Seema Mital
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (E.G.)
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K.)
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Unité Médico-Chirurgicale de Cardiologie Congénitale et Pédiatrique, Centre de référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes - M3C, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (F.B., D.B.)
| | - Barbara J. Mulder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
| | - Michael W.T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.W.T.T.)
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.)
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Cornelis J. Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.T., J.B., C.J.B.)
| | - Alex V. Postma
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., E.M.L., A.V.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (F.M.B., J.H.v.W., P.B., A.I., K.v.D., V.M.C., A.V.P.)
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands (D.S.-M., R.T., O.I.W., F.V.Y.T., N.L., E.M.L., L.B., B.J.B., B.J.M., C.R.B.)
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Zhang C, Jolly A, Shayota BJ, Mazzeu JF, Du H, Dawood M, Soper PC, Ramalho de Lima A, Ferreira BM, Coban-Akdemir Z, White J, Shears D, Thomson FR, Douglas SL, Wainwright A, Bailey K, Wordsworth P, Oldridge M, Lester T, Calder AD, Dumic K, Banka S, Donnai D, Jhangiani SN, Potocki L, Chung WK, Mora S, Northrup H, Ashfaq M, Rosenfeld JA, Mason K, Pollack LC, McConkie-Rosell A, Kelly W, McDonald M, Hauser NS, Leahy P, Powell CM, Boy R, Honjo RS, Kok F, Martelli LR, Filho VO, Genomics England Research Consortium, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Liu P, Lupski JR, Sutton VR, Carvalho CM. Novel pathogenic variants and quantitative phenotypic analyses of Robinow syndrome: WNT signaling perturbation and phenotypic variability. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100074. [PMID: 35047859 PMCID: PMC8756549 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with six genes that converge on the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway implicated (DVL1, DVL3, FZD2, NXN, ROR2, and WNT5A). RS is characterized by skeletal dysplasia and distinctive facial and physical characteristics. To further explore the genetic heterogeneity, paralog contribution, and phenotypic variability of RS, we investigated a cohort of 22 individuals clinically diagnosed with RS from 18 unrelated families. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes associated with RS or RS phenocopies were identified in all 22 individuals, including the first variant to be reported in DVL2. We retrospectively collected medical records of 16 individuals from this cohort and extracted clinical descriptions from 52 previously published cases. We performed Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) based quantitative phenotypic analyses to dissect allele-specific phenotypic differences. Individuals with FZD2 variants clustered into two groups with demonstrable phenotypic differences between those with missense and truncating alleles. Probands with biallelic NXN variants clustered together with the majority of probands carrying DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 variants, demonstrating no phenotypic distinction between the NXN-autosomal recessive and dominant forms of RS. While phenotypically similar diseases on the RS differential matched through HPO analysis, clustering using phenotype similarity score placed RS-associated phenotypes in a unique cluster containing WNT5A, FZD2, and ROR2 apart from non-RS-associated paralogs. Through human phenotype analyses of this RS cohort and OMIM clinical synopses of Mendelian disease, this study begins to tease apart specific biologic roles for non-canonical WNT-pathway proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian J. Shayota
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliana F. Mazzeu
- University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70050, Brazil
- Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, MN 55303, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janson White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Fraser Robert Thomson
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | | | - Andrew Wainwright
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Kathryn Bailey
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Nuffield Orthopedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Paul Wordsworth
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Mike Oldridge
- Oxford Regional Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tracy Lester
- Oxford Regional Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Alistair D. Calder
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Katja Dumic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Clinical Center Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Manchester Center for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Dian Donnai
- Manchester Center for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | | | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sara Mora
- GeneDx Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myla Ashfaq
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kati Mason
- GeneDx Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Kelly
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Natalie S. Hauser
- Medical Genetics, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Peter Leahy
- Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Powell
- Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raquel Boy
- State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brasil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Análise Genômica, São Paulo 04013, Brasil
| | - Lucia R. Martelli
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Vicente Odone Filho
- Instituto de Tratamento do Câncer Infantil, São Paulo University Medical School, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05508, Brasil
| | | | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudia M.B. Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI), Seattle, WA 98122, USA
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Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Robinow syndrome in a newborn presenting with hydrocephalus and craniosynostosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3235-3239. [PMID: 33595708 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Robinow syndrome is a rare entity with a characteristic appearance, such as hypertelorism, short stature, mesomelic shortening of the limbs, hypoplastic genitalia, and rib as well as vertebral anomalies. We had treated a patient with Robinow syndrome who developed hydrocephalus and craniosynostosis which is not usually associated. CASE PRESENTATION The ventricle enlargement was detected during pregnancy in a female infant. She did not develop hydrocephalus just after birth. Her facial appearance was fetus-like, so the pediatricians had suspected Robinow syndrome. During follow-up examinations, a rapidly enlarging head circumference was detected when she was 3 months old. Her conscious level was not disturbed, but she had a tight fontanel and sunset phenomenon was recognized. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed by radiographic imaging so that she underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (VPS). Her irregular head enlargement seized. Six months after surgery, her parents noticed the brachycephalic shape of her head. A computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) scan were conducted and showed that her bilateral coronal, bilateral lambdoid, and the sagittal suture were fused in addition with a tonsillar herniation. Since the sutures were not remaining, we diagnosed that this was a primary pan synostosis rather than secondary craniosynostosis due to VPS. Posterior cranial vault distraction with foramen magnum decompression (FMD) was conducted. The distractor was extended by 1 mm per day up to 30 mm. After a consolidation period of 2 months, the distractors were removed. Through this intervention, a 15.4% increase (+196cc) of the intracranial space with an improvement of the chronic tonsillar herniation was achieved. CONCLUSION To confirm the diagnosis of Robinow syndrome, a genetic test was conducted. The analysis showed ROR2 Exon3 (c233 c>t p. Thr 78 Met), which is found in the recessive type of Robinow syndrome. We report this patient as, to our best knowledge, the first case documented case of Robinow disease presenting with hydrocephalus and craniosynostosis. Posterior cranial vault distraction with FMD is a useful way to treat this condition.
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11
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Verbitsky M, Krithivasan P, Batourina E, Khan A, Graham SE, Marasà M, Kim H, Lim TY, Weng PL, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Mitrotti A, Ahram DF, Zanoni F, Fasel DA, Westland R, Sampson MG, Zhang JY, Bodria M, Kil BH, Shril S, Gesualdo L, Torri F, Scolari F, Izzi C, van Wijk JA, Saraga M, Santoro D, Conti G, Barton DE, Dobson MG, Puri P, Furth SL, Warady BA, Pisani I, Fiaccadori E, Allegri L, Degl'Innocenti ML, Piaggio G, Alam S, Gigante M, Zaza G, Esposito P, Lin F, Simões-e-Silva AC, Brodkiewicz A, Drozdz D, Zachwieja K, Miklaszewska M, Szczepanska M, Adamczyk P, Tkaczyk M, Tomczyk D, Sikora P, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Krzemien G, Szmigielska A, Zaniew M, Lozanovski VJ, Gucev Z, Ionita-Laza I, Stanaway IB, Crosslin DR, Wong CS, Hildebrandt F, Barasch J, Kenny EE, Loos RJ, Levy B, Ghiggeri GM, Hakonarson H, Latos-Bieleńska A, Materna-Kiryluk A, Darlow JM, Tasic V, Willer C, Kiryluk K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Mendelsohn CL, Gharavi AG. Copy Number Variant Analysis and Genome-wide Association Study Identify Loci with Large Effect for Vesicoureteral Reflux. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:805-820. [PMID: 33597122 PMCID: PMC8017540 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common, familial genitourinary disorder, and a major cause of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) and kidney failure. The genetic basis of VUR is not well understood. METHODS A diagnostic analysis sought rare, pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) disorders among 1737 patients with VUR. A GWAS was performed in 1395 patients and 5366 controls, of European ancestry. RESULTS Altogether, 3% of VUR patients harbored an undiagnosed rare CNV disorder, such as the 1q21.1, 16p11.2, 22q11.21, and triple X syndromes ((OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.10 to 4.54; P=6.35×10-8) The GWAS identified three study-wide significant and five suggestive loci with large effects (ORs, 1.41-6.9), containing canonical developmental genes expressed in the developing urinary tract (WDPCP, OTX1, BMP5, VANGL1, and WNT5A). In particular, 3.3% of VUR patients were homozygous for an intronic variant in WDPCP (rs13013890; OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.39 to 5.56; P=1.86×10-9). This locus was associated with multiple genitourinary phenotypes in the UK Biobank and eMERGE studies. Analysis of Wnt5a mutant mice confirmed the role of Wnt5a signaling in bladder and ureteric morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the genetic heterogeneity of VUR. Altogether, 6% of patients with VUR harbored a rare CNV or a common variant genotype conferring an OR >3. Identification of these genetic risk factors has multiple implications for clinical care and for analysis of outcomes in VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Verbitsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Priya Krithivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah E. Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maddalena Marasà
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tze Y. Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Patricia L. Weng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center-Santa Monica, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Adele Mitrotti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dina F. Ahram
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Zanoni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David A. Fasel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rik Westland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew G. Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Y. Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Monica Bodria
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Byum Hee Kil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Torri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Spedali Civili Children’s Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Scolari
- Chair and Division of Nephrology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Joanna A.E. van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijan Saraga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy
| | - David E. Barton
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark G. Dobson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Isabella Pisani
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy
| | - Landino Allegri
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Ludovica Degl'Innocenti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piaggio
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Shumyle Alam
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Maddalena Gigante
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Fangming Lin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrzej Brodkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialysotheraphy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Drozdz
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zachwieja
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Miklaszewska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Adamczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Tkaczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daria Tomczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sikora
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Grazyna Krzemien
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Zaniew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Vladimir J. Lozanovski
- University Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Zoran Gucev
- University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Ian B. Stanaway
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R. Crosslin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Craig S. Wong
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of New Mexico Children’s Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Brynn Levy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Latos-Bieleńska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and NZOZ Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and NZOZ Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - John M. Darlow
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velibor Tasic
- University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
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12
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Rai A, Patil SJ, Srivastava P, Gaurishankar K, Phadke SR. Clinical and molecular characterization of four patients with Robinow syndrome from different families. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1105-1112. [PMID: 33496066 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a rare heterogeneous disorder characterized by short stature, short-limbs, craniofacial, oro-dental abnormalities, vertebral segmentation defects, and frequently genital hypoplasia. Both autosomal dominant and recessive patterns of inheritance are observed with many causative genes. Here, we present the phenotypes and genotypes of four children with RS from different Indian families. Sequence variants were identified in genes ROR2, DVL1, and DVL3. Our results expand the mutational spectrum of RS and we also highlight the radiological changes in the radius and ulna in patients with ROR2 sequence variants which are primarily characteristic for ROR2 related RS but have been reported in WNT5A related RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Siddaramappa J Patil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals, Mazumdar-Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalpana Gaurishankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Apollo Hospitals and Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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13
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Conlon CJ, Abu-Ghname A, Raghuram AC, Davis MJ, Guillen DE, Sutton VR, Carvalho CMB, Maricevich RS. Craniofacial phenotypes associated with Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:3606-3612. [PMID: 33237614 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, hemivertebrae, and genital hypoplasia. Due to low prevalence and considerable phenotypic variability, it has been challenging to definitively characterize features of Robinow syndrome. While craniofacial abnormalities associated with Robinow syndrome have been broadly described, there is a lack of detailed descriptions of genotype-specific phenotypic craniofacial features. Patients with Robinow syndrome were invited for a multidisciplinary evaluation conducted by specialist physicians at our institution. A focused assessment of the craniofacial manifestations was performed by a single expert examiner using clinical examination and standard photographic images. A total of 13 patients with clinical and molecular diagnoses consistent with either dominant Robinow syndrome (DRS) or recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS) were evaluated. On craniofacial examination, gingival hyperplasia was nearly ubiquitous in all patients. Orbital hypertelorism, a short nose with anteverted and flared nares, a triangular mouth with a long philtrum, cleft palate, macrocephaly, and frontal bossing were not observed in all individuals but affected individuals with both DRS and RRS. Other anomalies were more selective in their distribution in this patient cohort. We present a comprehensive analysis of the craniofacial findings in patients with Robinow Syndrome, describing associated morphological features and correlating phenotypic manifestations to underlying genotype in a manner relevant for early recognition and focused evaluation of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Conlon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amjed Abu-Ghname
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anjali C Raghuram
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diana E Guillen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Carvalho Lab, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata S Maricevich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Zhang C, Mazzeu JF, Eisfeldt J, Grochowski CM, White J, Akdemir ZC, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Lindstrand A, Lupski JR, Sutton VR, Carvalho CMB. Novel pathogenic genomic variants leading to autosomal dominant and recessive Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:3593-3600. [PMID: 33048444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia and a distinctive facial appearance. Previous studies have revealed locus heterogeneity with rare variants in DVL1, DVL3, FZD2, NXN, ROR2, and WNT5A underlying the etiology of RS. The aforementioned "Robinow-associated genes" and their gene products all play a role in the WNT/planar cell polarity signaling pathway. We performed gene-targeted Sanger sequencing, exome sequencing, genome sequencing, and array comparative genomic hybridization on four subjects with a clinical diagnosis of RS who had not had prior DNA testing. Individuals in our cohort were found to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in three RS related genes: DVL1, ROR2, and NXN. One subject was found to have a nonsense variant (c.817C > T [p.Gln273*]) in NXN in trans with an ~1 Mb telomeric deletion on chromosome 17p containing NXN, which supports our contention that biallelic NXN variant alleles are responsible for a novel autosomal recessive RS locus. These findings provide increased understanding of the role of WNT signaling in skeletal development and maintenance. These data further support the hypothesis that dysregulation of the noncanonical WNT pathway in humans gives rise to RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Janson White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeynep C Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI), Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Abu-Ghname A, Trost J, Davis MJ, Sutton VR, Zhang C, Guillen DE, Carvalho CMB, Maricevich RS. Extremity anomalies associated with Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:3584-3592. [PMID: 32974972 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with, among other anomalies, extremity and hand anomalies. There is locus heterogeneity and both dominant and recessive inheritance. A detailed description of associated extremity and hand anomalies does not currently exist due to the rarity of this syndrome. This study seeks to document the hand anomalies present in Robinow syndrome to allow for improved rates of timely and accurate diagnosis. A focused assessment of the extremities and stature was performed using clinical examination and standard photographic images. A total of 13 patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis consistent with dominant Robinow syndrome or recessive Robinow syndrome were evaluated. All patients had limb shortening, the most common of which was mesomelia; however, rhizomelia and micromelia were also seen. These findings are relevant to clinical characterization, particularly as Robinow syndrome has classically been defined as a "mesomelic disorder." A total of eight distinct hand anomalies were identified in 12 patients with both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of Robinow syndrome. One patient did not present with any hand differences. The most common hand findings included brachydactyly, broad thumbs, and clinodactyly. A thorough understanding of the breadth of Robinow syndrome-associated extremity and hand anomalies can aid in early patient identification, improving rates of timely diagnosis and allowing for proactive management of sequelae.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/physiopathology
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/physiopathology
- Dwarfism/diagnosis
- Dwarfism/diagnostic imaging
- Dwarfism/genetics
- Dwarfism/physiopathology
- Extremities/diagnostic imaging
- Extremities/physiopathology
- Female
- Hand/diagnostic imaging
- Hand/physiopathology
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/physiopathology
- Humans
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/physiopathology
- Male
- Phenotype
- Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnosis
- Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging
- Urogenital Abnormalities/genetics
- Urogenital Abnormalities/physiopathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjed Abu-Ghname
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Trost
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diana E Guillen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renata S Maricevich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Shayota BJ, Zhang C, Shypailo RJ, Mazzeu JF, Carvalho CMB, Sutton VR. Characterization of the Robinow syndrome skeletal phenotype, bone micro-architecture, and genotype-phenotype correlations with the osteosclerotic form. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2632-2640. [PMID: 32888393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a genetically heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia with recent reports suggesting an osteosclerotic form of the disease. We endeavored to investigate the full spectrum of skeletal anomalies in a genetically diverse cohort of RS patients with a focus on the bone micro-architecture. Seven individuals with molecularly confirmed RS, including four with DVL1 variants and single individuals with variants in WNT5A, ROR2, and GPC4 underwent a musculoskeletal focused physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Skeletal examination revealed variability in limb shortening anomalies consistent with recent reports. DEXA scan measures revealed increased total body bone mineral density (BMD) (3/7), cranial BMD (5/7), and non-cranial BMD (1/7). Cranial osteosclerosis was only observed in DVL1-RS (4/4) and GPC4-RS (1/1) subjects and in one case was complicated by choanal atresia, bilateral conductive hearing loss, and cranial nerve III, VI, and VII palsy. HR-pQCT revealed a unique pattern of low cortical BMD, increased trabecular BMD, decreased number of trabeculations, and increased thickness of the trabeculations for the DVL1-RS subjects. The spectrum of skeletal anomalies including the micro-architecture of the bones observed in RS has considerable variability with some osteosclerosis genotype-phenotype correlations more frequent with DVL1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Shayota
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roman J Shypailo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Mazzeu JF, Brunner HG. 50 years of Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2005-2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F. Mazzeu
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
- Robinow Syndrome Foundation Andover Minnesota USA
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience DCNRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School of Developmental Biology and Cancer, and MHEnS School for NeuroscienceMaastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands
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18
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Kamizaki K, Endo M, Minami Y, Kobayashi Y. Role of noncanonical Wnt ligands and Ror-family receptor tyrosine kinases in the development, regeneration, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:27-38. [PMID: 31925877 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ror-family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), consisting of Ror1 and Ror2, play crucial roles in morphogenesis and formation of various tissues/organs, including the bones and skeletal muscles, the so-called musculoskeletal system, during embryonic development, by acting as receptors or coreceptors for a noncanonical Wnt protein Wnt5a. Furthermore, several lines of evidence have indicated that Ror1 and/or Ror2 play critical roles in the regeneration and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system in adults. Considering the anatomical and functional relationship between the skeleton and skeletal muscles, their structural and functional association might be tightly regulated during their embryonic development, development after birth, and their regeneration after injury in adults. Importantly, in addition to their congenital anomalies, much attention has been paid onto the age-related disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including osteopenia and sarcopenia, which affect severely the quality of life. In this article, we overview recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Ror1- and/or Ror2-mediated signaling in the embryonic development, regeneration in adults, and congenital and age-related disorders of the musculoskeletal system and discuss possible therapeutic approaches to locomotive syndromes by modulating Ror1- and/or Ror2-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kamizaki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Endo
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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19
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Huybrechts Y, Mortier G, Boudin E, Van Hul W. WNT Signaling and Bone: Lessons From Skeletal Dysplasias and Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32328030 PMCID: PMC7160326 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a diverse group of heritable diseases affecting bone and cartilage growth. Throughout the years, the molecular defect underlying many of the diseases has been identified. These identifications led to novel insights in the mechanisms regulating bone and cartilage growth and homeostasis. One of the pathways that is clearly important during skeletal development and bone homeostasis is the Wingless and int-1 (WNT) signaling pathway. So far, three different WNT signaling pathways have been described, which are all activated by binding of the WNT ligands to the Frizzled (FZD) receptors. In this review, we discuss the skeletal disorders that are included in the latest nosology of skeletal disorders and that are caused by genetic defects involving the WNT signaling pathway. The number of skeletal disorders caused by defects in WNT signaling genes and the clinical phenotype associated with these disorders illustrate the importance of the WNT signaling pathway during skeletal development as well as later on in life to maintain bone mass. The knowledge gained through the identification of the genes underlying these monogenic conditions is used for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. For example, the genes underlying disorders with altered bone mass are all involved in the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Consequently, targeting this pathway is one of the major strategies to increase bone mass in patients with osteoporosis. In addition to increasing the insights in the pathways regulating skeletal development and bone homeostasis, knowledge of rare skeletal dysplasias can also be used to predict possible adverse effects of these novel drug targets. Therefore, this review gives an overview of the skeletal and extra-skeletal phenotype of the different skeletal disorders linked to the WNT signaling pathway.
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20
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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21
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Gignac SJ, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Akazawa T, Schuck NJ, Fu K, Richman JM. Robinow syndrome skeletal phenotypes caused by the WNT5AC83S variant are due to dominant interference with chondrogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2395-2414. [PMID: 31032853 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in several genes in the WNT5A signaling pathway cause autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 1 (DRS1). Our objective was to clarify the functional impact of a missense mutation in WNT5A on the skeleton, one of the main affected tissues in RS. We delivered avian replication competent retroviruses (RCAS) containing human wild-type WNT5A (wtWNT5A), WNT5AC83S variant or GFP/AlkPO4 control genes to the chicken embryo limb. Strikingly, WNT5AC83S consistently caused a delay in ossification and bones were more than 50% shorter and 200% wider than controls. In contrast, bone dimensions in wtWNT5A limbs were slightly affected (20% shorter, 25% wider) but ossification occurred on schedule. The dysmorphology of bones was established during cartilage differentiation. Instead of stereotypical stacking of chondrocytes, the WNT5AC83S-infected cartilage was composed of randomly oriented chondrocytes and that had diffuse, rather than concentrated Prickle staining, both signs of disrupted planar cell polarity (PCP) mechanisms. Biochemical assays revealed that C83S variant was able to activate the Jun N-terminal kinase-PCP pathway similar to wtWNT5A; however, the activity of the variant ligand was influenced by receptor availability. Unexpectedly, the C83S change caused a reduction in the amount of protein being synthesized and secreted, compared to wtWNT5A. Thus, in the chicken and human, RS phenotypes are produced from the C83S mutation, even though the variant protein is less abundant than wtWNT5A. We conclude the variant protein has dominant-negative effects on chondrogenesis leading to limb abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Gignac
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan J Schuck
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Yue S, Whalen P, Jee YH. Genetic regulation of linear growth. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:2-14. [PMID: 30943674 PMCID: PMC6449614 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear growth occurs at the growth plate. Therefore, genetic defects that interfere with the normal function of the growth plate can cause linear growth disorders. Many genetic causes of growth disorders have already been identified in humans. However, recent genome-wide approaches have broadened our knowledge of the mechanisms of linear growth, not only providing novel monogenic causes of growth disorders but also revealing single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that affect height in the general population. The genes identified as causative of linear growth disorders are heterogeneous, playing a role in various growth-regulating mechanisms including those involving the extracellular matrix, intracellular signaling, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and epigenetic regulation. Understanding the underlying genetic defects in linear growth is important for clinicians and researchers in order to provide proper diagnoses, management, and genetic counseling, as well as to develop better treatment approaches for children with growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Yue
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Whalen
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Address for correspondence: Youn Hee Jee, MD Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolism and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA Tel: +1-301-435-5834 Fax: +1-301-402-0574 E-mail:
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23
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Torpe N, Gopal S, Baltaci O, Rella L, Handley A, Korswagen HC, Pocock R. A Protein Disulfide Isomerase Controls Neuronal Migration through Regulation of Wnt Secretion. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3183-3190.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Danyel M, Kortüm F, Dathe K, Kutsche K, Horn D. Autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome associated with a novel DVL3 splice mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:992-996. [PMID: 29575616 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, distinctive facial features, and variable oral, cardiac, vertebral, and urogenital malformations. We identified the novel de novo splice acceptor mutation c.1715-2A > C in DVL3 in a 15-year-old female patient with typical features of Robinow syndrome. By studying DVL3 transcripts in this patient, we confirmed expression of both wild-type and mutant alleles. Mutant DVL3 mRNAs were found to harbor a deletion of four nucleotides at the beginning of exon 15 and encode a protein product with a distinct -1 reading-frame C-terminus. The data demonstrate that mutant DVL3 proteins associated with Robinow syndrome show truncation of the C-terminus and share 83 novel amino acid residues before the stop codon confirming highly specific DVL3 alterations to be associated with this syndrome. The phenotype of the Robinow syndrome-affected female reported here is typical as she shows mesomelia and mild hand anomalies as well as characteristic facial anomalies. She also exhibited a supraumbilical midline abdominal raphe which has not been observed in other patients with Robinow syndrome. In contrast to the clinical data of four previously reported individuals with DVL3-related Robinow syndrome, short stature was not present in this individual at the age of 15 years. These findings expand the clinical spectrum of Robinow syndrome associated with DVL3 mutations. To date, comparison of clinical data of DVL3 mutation-positive individuals with those of patients with genetically different forms did not allow delineation of gene-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Danyel
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Dathe
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Roy JP, Halford MM, Stacker SA. The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth Factors 2018; 36:15-40. [PMID: 29806777 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1472089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca2+ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Roy
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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26
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Birgmeier J, Esplin ED, Jagadeesh KA, Guturu H, Wenger AM, Chaib H, Buckingham JA, Bejerano G, Bernstein JA. Biallelic loss‐of‐function
WNT5A
mutations in an infant with severe and atypical manifestations of Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1030-1036. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D. Esplin
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | | | - Harendra Guturu
- Department of PediatricsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Aaron M. Wenger
- Department of PediatricsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized MedicineStanford University, Stanford California
| | - Julia A. Buckingham
- Department of PediatricsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Computer ScienceStanford University, Stanford California
- Department of PediatricsStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California
- Department of Developmental BiologyStanford University, Stanford California
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27
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Zhu XJ, Fang Y, Xiong Y, Wang M, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Dai ZM, Qiu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Disruption of Wnt production in Shh
lineage causes bone malformation in mice, mimicking human Malik-Percin-type syndactyly. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:356-368. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Yukun Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Yanan Xiong
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Zhong-Min Dai
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Tulane Medical Center; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration; Hangzhou Normal University; Zhejiang China
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28
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White JJ, Mazzeu JF, Coban-Akdemir Z, Bayram Y, Bahrambeigi V, Hoischen A, van Bon BWM, Gezdirici A, Gulec EY, Ramond F, Touraine R, Thevenon J, Shinawi M, Beaver E, Heeley J, Hoover-Fong J, Durmaz CD, Karabulut HG, Marzioglu-Ozdemir E, Cayir A, Duz MB, Seven M, Price S, Ferreira BM, Vianna-Morgante AM, Ellard S, Parrish A, Stals K, Flores-Daboub J, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Brunner HG, Sutton VR, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. WNT Signaling Perturbations Underlie the Genetic Heterogeneity of Robinow Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:27-43. [PMID: 29276006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus heterogeneity characterizes a variety of skeletal dysplasias often due to interacting or overlapping signaling pathways. Robinow syndrome is a skeletal disorder historically refractory to molecular diagnosis, potentially stemming from substantial genetic heterogeneity. All current known pathogenic variants reside in genes within the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway including ROR2, WNT5A, and more recently, DVL1 and DVL3. However, ∼70% of autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome cases remain molecularly unsolved. To investigate this missing heritability, we recruited 21 families with at least one family member clinically diagnosed with Robinow or Robinow-like phenotypes and performed genetic and genomic studies. In total, four families with variants in FZD2 were identified as well as three individuals from two families with biallelic variants in NXN that co-segregate with the phenotype. Importantly, both FZD2 and NXN are relevant protein partners in the WNT5A interactome, supporting their role in skeletal development. In addition to confirming that clustered -1 frameshifting variants in DVL1 and DVL3 are the main contributors to dominant Robinow syndrome, we also found likely pathogenic variants in candidate genes GPC4 and RAC3, both linked to the Wnt signaling pathway. These data support an initial hypothesis that Robinow syndrome results from perturbation of the Wnt/PCP pathway, suggest specific relevant domains of the proteins involved, and reveal key contributors in this signaling cascade during human embryonic development. Contrary to the view that non-allelic genetic heterogeneity hampers gene discovery, this study demonstrates the utility of rare disease genomic studies to parse gene function in human developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910, Brazil; Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, MN 55303, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Vahid Bahrambeigi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Francis Ramond
- Service de Génétique, CHU-Hôpital Nord, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique, CHU-Hôpital Nord, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD team, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 CHU Dijon, France; Centre de génétique, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erin Beaver
- Mercy Clinic-Kids Genetics, Mercy Children's Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Jennifer Heeley
- Mercy Clinic-Kids Genetics, Mercy Children's Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ceren D Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Gurhan Karabulut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Marzioglu-Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erzurum Regional and Training Hospital, 25070 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Cayir
- Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, 25070 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet B Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susan Price
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | - Angela M Vianna-Morgante
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo - SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew Parrish
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Josue Flores-Daboub
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Sanna-Cherchi S, Khan K, Westland R, Krithivasan P, Fievet L, Rasouly HM, Ionita-Laza I, Capone VP, Fasel DA, Kiryluk K, Kamalakaran S, Bodria M, Otto EA, Sampson MG, Gillies CE, Vega-Warner V, Vukojevic K, Pediaditakis I, Makar GS, Mitrotti A, Verbitsky M, Martino J, Liu Q, Na YJ, Goj V, Ardissino G, Gigante M, Gesualdo L, Janezcko M, Zaniew M, Mendelsohn CL, Shril S, Hildebrandt F, van Wijk JAE, Arapovic A, Saraga M, Allegri L, Izzi C, Scolari F, Tasic V, Ghiggeri GM, Latos-Bielenska A, Materna-Kiryluk A, Mane S, Goldstein DB, Lifton RP, Katsanis N, Davis EE, Gharavi AG. Exome-wide Association Study Identifies GREB1L Mutations in Congenital Kidney Malformations. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:789-802. [PMID: 29100090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal agenesis and hypodysplasia (RHD) are major causes of pediatric chronic kidney disease and are highly genetically heterogeneous. We conducted whole-exome sequencing in 202 case subjects with RHD and identified diagnostic mutations in genes known to be associated with RHD in 7/202 case subjects. In an additional affected individual with RHD and a congenital heart defect, we found a homozygous loss-of-function (LOF) variant in SLIT3, recapitulating phenotypes reported with Slit3 inactivation in the mouse. To identify genes associated with RHD, we performed an exome-wide association study with 195 unresolved case subjects and 6,905 control subjects. The top signal resided in GREB1L, a gene implicated previously in Hoxb1 and Shha signaling in zebrafish. The significance of the association, which was p = 2.0 × 10-5 for novel LOF, increased to p = 4.1 × 10-6 for LOF and deleterious missense variants combined, and augmented further after accounting for segregation and de novo inheritance of rare variants (joint p = 2.3 × 10-7). Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 disruption or knockdown of greb1l in zebrafish caused specific pronephric defects, which were rescued by wild-type human GREB1L mRNA, but not mRNA containing alleles identified in case subjects. Together, our study provides insight into the genetic landscape of kidney malformations in humans, presents multiple candidates, and identifies SLIT3 and GREB1L as genes implicated in the pathogenesis of RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Rik Westland
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Priya Krithivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lorraine Fievet
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Hila Milo Rasouly
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - David A Fasel
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sitharthan Kamalakaran
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Monica Bodria
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Edgar A Otto
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Virginia Vega-Warner
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Igor Pediaditakis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gabriel S Makar
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miguel Verbitsky
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qingxue Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Young-Ji Na
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vinicio Goj
- Pediatric Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ardissino
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Gigante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Magdalena Janezcko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Chair of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | | | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joanna A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Adela Arapovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marijan Saraga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Landino Allegri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43100, Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- Cattedra di Nefrologia, Università di Brescia, Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia Presidio di Montichiari, Brescia 25018, Italy; Dipartimento Ostetrico Ginecologico, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25018, Italy
| | - Francesco Scolari
- Cattedra di Nefrologia, Università di Brescia, Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia Presidio di Montichiari, Brescia 25018, Italy
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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30
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Chen L, Higgins PJ, Zhang W. Development and Diseases of the Collecting Duct System. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 60:165-203. [PMID: 28409346 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The collecting duct of the mammalian kidney is important for the regulation of extracellular volume, osmolarity, and pH. There are two major structurally and functionally distinct cell types: principal cells and intercalated cells. The former regulates Na+ and water homeostasis, while the latter participates in acid-base homeostasis. In vivo lineage tracing using Cre recombinase or its derivatives such as CreGFP and CreERT2 is a powerful new technique to identify stem/progenitor cells in their native environment and to decipher the origins of the tissue that they give rise to. Recent studies using this technique in mice have revealed multiple renal progenitor cell populations that differentiate into various nephron segments and collecting duct. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that like principal cells, most of intercalated cells originate from the progenitor cells expressing water channel Aquaporin 2. Mutations or malfunctions of the channels, pumps, and transporters expressed in the collecting duct system cause various human diseases. For example, gain-of-function mutations in ENaC cause Liddle's syndrome, while loss-of-function mutations in ENaC lead to Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. Mutations in either AE1 or V-ATPase B1 result in distal renal tubular acidosis. Patients with disrupted AQP2 or AVPR2 develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. A better understanding of the function and development of the collecting duct system may facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for treating kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1603, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, MC-165, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, MC-165, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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31
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Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Gignac S, Danescu A, Fu K, Richman J. Abnormal WNT5A Signaling Causes Mandibular Hypoplasia in Robinow Syndrome. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1265-1272. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517716916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of rare genetic diseases provides valuable insights into human gene function. Here, we investigate dominant Robinow syndrome (RS), which affects the WNT5A signaling pathway. Autosomal dominant RS is caused by missense mutations in WNT5A or nonsense mutations in the adaptor protein DVL1 or DVL3. The recessive form of the disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the receptor ROR2. RS is characterized by hypertelorism, midface, and mandibular hypoplasia. Here, we focus on the missense mutations in WNT5A, since the impact on function is difficult to predict from in silico analysis. We used chicken embryo to express wild-type or 2 mutant versions of human WNT5A in the mandible and then examined the morphologic, cellular, and molecular effects. The 3 experimental viruses—wt WNT5A, WNT5AC83S, or WNT5AC182R—all caused shortening of the mandible on the injected side as compared with GFP controls. Although the phenotypes initially appeared similar, we uncovered specific disruption of chondrocyte polarity and shape, inhibition of cell migration, differences in target gene expression, and absence of JNK signaling only in the presence of mutant viruses. In addition, the missense mutations do not appear to block receptor binding, since in paracrine experiments, the mutant protein inhibits cell migration. In this study, we ruled out a straightforward gain or loss of function caused by the WNT5A missense mutations. Instead, the mutations are likely redirecting WNT signaling away from JNK-PCP toward other noncanonical pathways. We conclude that in RS, WNT5A missense mutations have dominant neomorphic effects that interfere with the function of the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S.J. Gignac
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Danescu
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K. Fu
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J.M. Richman
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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32
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Abstract
Short stature is a common and heterogeneous condition that is often genetic in etiology. For most children with genetic short stature, the specific molecular causes remain unknown; but with advances in exome/genome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, new genetic causes of growth disorders have been identified, contributing to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of longitudinal bone growth and growth failure. Identifying new genetic causes of growth disorders has the potential to improve diagnosis, prognostic accuracy, and individualized management, and help avoid unnecessary testing for endocrine and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA.
| | - Anenisia C Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavägen 1, Solna 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavägen 1, Solna 171 77, Sweden; University Hospital, Örebro University, Södra Grev Rosengatan, Örebro 701 85, Sweden
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33
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Tachmazidou I, Süveges D, Min JL, Ritchie GRS, Steinberg J, Walter K, Iotchkova V, Schwartzentruber J, Huang J, Memari Y, McCarthy S, Crawford AA, Bombieri C, Cocca M, Farmaki AE, Gaunt TR, Jousilahti P, Kooijman MN, Lehne B, Malerba G, Männistö S, Matchan A, Medina-Gomez C, Metrustry SJ, Nag A, Ntalla I, Paternoster L, Rayner NW, Sala C, Scott WR, Shihab HA, Southam L, St Pourcain B, Traglia M, Trajanoska K, Zaza G, Zhang W, Artigas MS, Bansal N, Benn M, Chen Z, Danecek P, Lin WY, Locke A, Luan J, Manning AK, Mulas A, Sidore C, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Varbo A, Zoledziewska M, Finan C, Hatzikotoulas K, Hendricks AE, Kemp JP, Moayyeri A, Panoutsopoulou K, Szpak M, Wilson SG, Boehnke M, Cucca F, Di Angelantonio E, Langenberg C, Lindgren C, McCarthy MI, Morris AP, Nordestgaard BG, Scott RA, Tobin MD, Wareham NJ, Burton P, Chambers JC, Smith GD, Dedoussis G, Felix JF, Franco OH, Gambaro G, Gasparini P, Hammond CJ, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Kleber M, Kooner JS, Perola M, Relton C, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Salomaa V, Spector TD, Stegle O, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden AG, Barroso I, Greenwood CMT, Perry JRB, Walker BR, Butterworth AS, Xue Y, Durbin R, Small KS, Soranzo N, Timpson NJ, Zeggini E. Whole-Genome Sequencing Coupled to Imputation Discovers Genetic Signals for Anthropometric Traits. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:865-884. [PMID: 28552196 PMCID: PMC5473732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep sequence-based imputation can enhance the discovery power of genome-wide association studies by assessing previously unexplored variation across the common- and low-frequency spectra. We applied a hybrid whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and deep imputation approach to examine the broader allelic architecture of 12 anthropometric traits associated with height, body mass, and fat distribution in up to 267,616 individuals. We report 106 genome-wide significant signals that have not been previously identified, including 9 low-frequency variants pointing to functional candidates. Of the 106 signals, 6 are in genomic regions that have not been implicated with related traits before, 28 are independent signals at previously reported regions, and 72 represent previously reported signals for a different anthropometric trait. 71% of signals reside within genes and fine mapping resolves 23 signals to one or two likely causal variants. We confirm genetic overlap between human monogenic and polygenic anthropometric traits and find signal enrichment in cis expression QTLs in relevant tissues. Our results highlight the potential of WGS strategies to enhance biologically relevant discoveries across the frequency spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tachmazidou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Dániel Süveges
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Graham R S Ritchie
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Klaudia Walter
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Jie Huang
- Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Yasin Memari
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shane McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew A Crawford
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cristina Bombieri
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Angela Matchan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - Hashem A Shihab
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6500, the Netherlands
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Gialuigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - María S Artigas
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Narinder Bansal
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marianne Benn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zhongsheng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Petr Danecek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Adam Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Audrey E Hendricks
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - John P Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alireza Moayyeri
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | | | - Michal Szpak
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Tartumaa 51010, Estonia
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Burton
- D2K Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy; Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Tartumaa 51010, Estonia; Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - John R B Perry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
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Yun K, Perantoni AO. Hydronephrosis in the Wnt5a-ablated kidney is caused by an abnormal ureter-bladder connection. Differentiation 2016; 94:1-7. [PMID: 27923152 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt5a null mouse is a complex developmental model which, among its several posterior-localized axis defects, exhibits multiple kidney phenotypes, including duplex kidney and loss of the medullary zone. We previously reported that ablation of Wnt5a in nascent mesoderm causes duplex kidney formation as a result of aberrant development of the nephric duct and abnormal extension of intermediate mesoderm. However, these mice also display a loss of the medullary region late in gestation. We have now genetically isolated duplex kidney formation from the medullary defect by specifically targeting the progenitors for both the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme. The conditional mutants fail to form a normal renal medulla but no longer exhibit duplex kidney formation. Approximately 1/3 of the mutants develop hydronephrosis in the kidneys either uni- or bilaterally when using Dll1Cre. The abnormal kidney phenotype becomes prominent at E16.5, which approximates the time when urine production begins in the mouse embryonic kidney, and is associated with a dramatic increase in apoptosis only in mutant kidneys with hydronephrosis. Methylene blue dye injection and histologic examination reveal that aberrant cell death likely results from urine toxicity due to an abnormal ureter-bladder connection. This study shows that Wnt5a is not required for development of the renal medulla and that loss of the renal medullary region in the Wnt5a-deleted kidney is caused by an abnormal ureter-bladder connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsun Yun
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alan O Perantoni
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Abstract
ROR-family receptor tyrosine kinases form a small subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), characterized by a conserved, unique domain architecture. ROR RTKs are evolutionary conserved throughout the animal kingdom and act as alternative receptors and coreceptors of WNT ligands. The intracellular signaling cascades activated downstream of ROR receptors are diverse, including but not limited to ROR-Frizzled-mediated activation of planar cell polarity signaling, RTK-like signaling, and antagonistic regulation of WNT/β-Catenin signaling. In line with their diverse repertoire of signaling functions, ROR receptors are involved in the regulation of multiple processes in embryonic development such as development of the axial and paraxial mesoderm, the nervous system and the neural crest, the axial and appendicular skeleton, and the kidney. In humans, mutations in the ROR2 gene cause two distinct developmental syndromes, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) and dominant brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1; MIM 113000). In Robinow syndrome patients and animal models, the development of multiple organs is affected, whereas BDB1 results only in shortening of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes, reflecting the diversity of functions and signaling activities of ROR-family RTKs. In this chapter, we give an overview on ROR receptor structure and function. We discuss their signaling functions and role in vertebrate embryonic development with a focus on those developmental processes that are affected by mutations in the ROR2 gene in human patients.
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37
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Wit JM, Oostdijk W, Losekoot M, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Ruivenkamp CAL, Kant SG. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Novel genetic causes of short stature. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R145-73. [PMID: 26578640 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fast technological development, particularly single nucleotide polymorphism array, array-comparative genomic hybridization, and whole exome sequencing, has led to the discovery of many novel genetic causes of growth failure. In this review we discuss a selection of these, according to a diagnostic classification centred on the epiphyseal growth plate. We successively discuss disorders in hormone signalling, paracrine factors, matrix molecules, intracellular pathways, and fundamental cellular processes, followed by chromosomal aberrations including copy number variants (CNVs) and imprinting disorders associated with short stature. Many novel causes of GH deficiency (GHD) as part of combined pituitary hormone deficiency have been uncovered. The most frequent genetic causes of isolated GHD are GH1 and GHRHR defects, but several novel causes have recently been found, such as GHSR, RNPC3, and IFT172 mutations. Besides well-defined causes of GH insensitivity (GHR, STAT5B, IGFALS, IGF1 defects), disorders of NFκB signalling, STAT3 and IGF2 have recently been discovered. Heterozygous IGF1R defects are a relatively frequent cause of prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. TRHA mutations cause a syndromic form of short stature with elevated T3/T4 ratio. Disorders of signalling of various paracrine factors (FGFs, BMPs, WNTs, PTHrP/IHH, and CNP/NPR2) or genetic defects affecting cartilage extracellular matrix usually cause disproportionate short stature. Heterozygous NPR2 or SHOX defects may be found in ∼3% of short children, and also rasopathies (e.g., Noonan syndrome) can be found in children without clear syndromic appearance. Numerous other syndromes associated with short stature are caused by genetic defects in fundamental cellular processes, chromosomal abnormalities, CNVs, and imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Wit
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine A van Duyvenvoorde
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Departments of PaediatricsClinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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San Agustin JT, Klena N, Granath K, Panigrahy A, Stewart E, Devine W, Strittmatter L, Jonassen JA, Liu X, Lo CW, Pazour GJ. Genetic link between renal birth defects and congenital heart disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11103. [PMID: 27002738 PMCID: PMC4804176 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural birth defects in the kidney and urinary tract are observed in 0.5% of live births and are a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but their genetic aetiology is not well understood. Here we analyse 135 lines of mice identified in large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen and show that 29% of mutations causing congenital heart disease (CHD) also cause renal anomalies. The renal anomalies included duplex and multiplex kidneys, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis and cystic kidney disease. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we examined patients with CHD and observed a 30% co-occurrence of renal anomalies of a similar spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate a common shared genetic aetiology for CHD and renal anomalies, indicating that CHD patients are at increased risk for complications from renal anomalies. This collection of mutant mouse models provides a resource for further studies to elucidate the developmental link between renal anomalies and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovenal T San Agustin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213 373 Plantation Street Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Nikolai Klena
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Kristi Granath
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital Drive 45th Street and Penn Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Eileen Stewart
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital Drive 45th Street and Penn Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - William Devine
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital Drive 45th Street and Penn Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Lara Strittmatter
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Julie A Jonassen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 8111 Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 213 373 Plantation Street Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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White J, Mazzeu J, Hoischen A, Bayram Y, Withers M, Gezdirici A, Kimonis V, Steehouwer M, Jhangiani S, Muzny D, Gibbs R, van Bon B, Sutton V, Lupski J, Brunner H, Carvalho C, Carvalho CMB. DVL3 Alleles Resulting in a -1 Frameshift of the Last Exon Mediate Autosomal-Dominant Robinow Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:553-561. [PMID: 26924530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and distinctive facial features. Recent reports have identified, in individuals with dominant Robinow syndrome, a specific type of variant characterized by being uniformly located in the penultimate exon of DVL1 and resulting in a -1 frameshift allele with a premature termination codon that escapes nonsense-mediated decay. Here, we studied a cohort of individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with Robinow syndrome but who had not received a molecular diagnosis from variant studies of DVL1, WNT5A, and ROR2. Because of the uniform location of frameshift variants in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome and the functional redundancy of DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3, we elected to pursue direct Sanger sequencing of the penultimate exon of DVL1 and its paralogs DVL2 and DVL3 to search for potential disease-associated variants. Remarkably, targeted sequencing identified five unrelated individuals harboring heterozygous, de novo frameshift variants in DVL3, including two splice acceptor mutations and three 1 bp deletions. Similar to the variants observed in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome, all variants in DVL3 result in a -1 frameshift, indicating that these highly specific alterations might be a common cause of dominant Robinow syndrome. Here, we review the current knowledge of these peculiar variant alleles in DVL1- and DVL3-mediated Robinow syndrome and further elucidate the phenotypic features present in subjects with DVL1 and DVL3 frameshift mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Wnt signaling in cartilage development and diseases: lessons from animal studies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:186-96. [PMID: 26641070 PMCID: PMC4838282 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre- and postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life. Thus, dysfunction of cartilage causes a variety of skeletal disorders. Results from animal studies reveal that β-catenin-dependent canonical and independent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways have multiple roles in regulation of cartilage development, growth, and maintenance. β-Catenin-dependent signaling is required for progression of endochondral ossification and growth of axial and appendicular skeletons, while excessive activation of this signaling can cause severe inhibition of initial cartilage formation and growth plate organization and function in mice. In contrast, non-canonical Wnt signaling is important in columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Manipulation of Wnt signaling causes or ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis models. Human genetic studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Accumulative findings from analysis of expression of Wnt signaling molecules and in vivo and in vitro functional experiments suggest that Wnt signaling is a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. The target tissues of Wnt signaling may be not only articular cartilage but also synovium and subchondral bone.
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41
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Aglan M, Amr K, Ismail S, Ashour A, Otaify GA, Mehrez MAI, Aboul-Ezz EHA, El-Ruby M, Mazen I, Abdel-Hamid MS, Temtamy SA. Clinical and molecular characterization of seven Egyptian families with autosomal recessive robinow syndrome: Identification of four novel ROR2 gene mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3054-61. [PMID: 26284319 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and craniofacial/orodental abnormalities. The syndrome follows both autosomal dominant and recessive patterns of inheritance with similar phenotypic presentation and overlapping features. Autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome (ARRS) is caused by mutations in the ROR2 gene. Here, we present the clinical, radiological and molecular findings of 11 Egyptian patients from 7 unrelated consanguineous families with clinical features of ARRS. Mutation analyses of ROR2 gene identified five pathogenic mutations distributed all over the gene. The identified mutations included four novel (G326A, D166H, S677F, and R528Q) and one previously reported (Y192D). Our results extend the number of ROR2 mutations identified so far, suggest a founder effect in the Egyptian population, and emphasize the important role of genetic testing in proper counseling and patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aglan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda Amr
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Ismail
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel Ashour
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Otaify
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennat Allah I Mehrez
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Orodental Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman H A Aboul-Ezz
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Basic Oral Dental Science, Division of Oral and Dental Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Ruby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas Mazen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Temtamy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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42
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White J, Mazzeu J, Hoischen A, Jhangiani S, Gambin T, Alcino M, Penney S, Saraiva J, Hove H, Skovby F, Kayserili H, Estrella E, Vulto-van Silfhout A, Steehouwer M, Muzny D, Sutton V, Gibbs R, Lupski J, Brunner H, van Bon B, Carvalho C, Carvalho CMB. DVL1 frameshift mutations clustering in the penultimate exon cause autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:612-22. [PMID: 25817016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and distinctive facial features and for which both autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant inheritance patterns have been described. Causative variants in the non-canonical signaling gene WNT5A underlie a subset of autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome (DRS) cases, but most individuals with DRS remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in four unrelated DRS-affected individuals without coding mutations in WNT5A and found heterozygous DVL1 exon 14 mutations in three of them. Targeted Sanger sequencing in additional subjects with DRS uncovered DVL1 exon 14 mutations in five individuals, including a pair of monozygotic twins. In total, six distinct frameshift mutations were found in eight subjects, and all were heterozygous truncating variants within the penultimate exon of DVL1. In five families in which samples from unaffected parents were available, the variants were demonstrated to represent de novo mutations. All variant alleles are predicted to result in a premature termination codon within the last exon, escape nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), and most likely generate a C-terminally truncated protein with a distinct -1 reading-frame terminus. Study of the transcripts extracted from affected subjects' leukocytes confirmed expression of both wild-type and variant alleles, supporting the hypothesis that mutant mRNA escapes NMD. Genomic variants identified in our study suggest that truncation of the C-terminal domain of DVL1, a protein hypothesized to have a downstream role in the Wnt-5a non-canonical pathway, is a common cause of DRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte MG 30190-002, Brazil.
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43
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MacDonald BT, Hien A, Zhang X, Iranloye O, Virshup DM, Waterman ML, He X. Disulfide bond requirements for active Wnt ligands. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18122-36. [PMID: 24841207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Wnt lipoproteins are cysteine-rich and lipid-modified morphogens that bind to the Frizzled (FZD) receptor and LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Wnt engages FZD through protruding thumb and index finger domains, which are each assembled from paired β strands secured by disulfide bonds and grasp two sides of the FZD ectodomain. The importance of Wnt disulfide bonds has been assumed but uncharacterized. We systematically analyzed cysteines and associated disulfide bonds in the prototypic Wnt3a. Our data show that mutation of any individual cysteine of Wnt3a results in covalent Wnt oligomers through ectopic intermolecular disulfide bond formation and diminishes/abolishes Wnt signaling. Although individual cysteine mutations in the amino part of the saposin-like domain and in the base of the index finger are better tolerated and permit residual Wnt3a secretion/activity, those in the amino terminus, the thumb, and at the tip of the index finger are incompatible with secretion and/or activity. A few select double cysteine mutants based on the disulfide bond pattern restore Wnt secretion/activity. Further, a double cysteine mutation at the index finger tip results in a Wnt3a with normal secretion but minimal FZD binding and dominant negative properties. Our results experimentally validate predictions from the Wnt crystal structure and highlight critical but different roles of the saposin-like and cytokine-like domains, including the thumb and the index finger in Wnt folding/secretion and FZD binding. Finally, we modified existing expression vectors for 19 epitope-tagged human WNT proteins by removal of a tag-supplied ectopic cysteine, thereby generating tagged WNT ligands active in canonical and non-canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T MacDonald
- From the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Annie Hien
- From the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- From the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Oladoyin Iranloye
- From the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - David M Virshup
- the Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, and
| | - Marian L Waterman
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Xi He
- From the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
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