1
|
Pastwińska J, Karwaciak I, Karaś K, Sałkowska A, Chałaśkiewicz K, Strapagiel D, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Dastych J, Ratajewski M. α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Changes the Epigenetic Landscape of Th17 Cells. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:606-621. [PMID: 39240270 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The human body harbors a substantial population of bacteria, which may outnumber host cells. Thus, there are multiple interactions between both cell types. Given the common presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the human body and the role of Th17 cells in controlling this pathogen on mucous membranes, we sought to investigate the effect of α-hemolysin, which is produced by this bacterium, on differentiating Th17 cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that α-hemolysin influences the expression of signature genes for Th17 cells as well as genes involved in epigenetic regulation. We observed alterations in various histone marks and genome methylation levels via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Our findings underscore how bacterial proteins can significantly influence the transcriptome, epigenome, and phenotype of human Th17 cells, highlighting the intricate and complex nature of the interaction between immune cells and the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Sałkowska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, Shi C, Ma Y, Meng D, Zhou M, Lv Z, Wang S, Jin Y. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38195689 PMCID: PMC10776793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. The concept of intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise tumour tissues through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, and hematogenic invasion and affect the biological behaviour of tumours as an important part of the tumour microenvironment. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that intratumoural microbiota potentially promote the initiation and progression of tumours by inducing genomic instability and mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune destruction, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and metastasis. Since more comprehensive and profound insights about intratumoral microbiota are continuously emerging, new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cancer patients have been under examination. In addition, interventions based on intratumoural microbiota show great potential to open a new chapter in antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there are some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim to provide an extensive review of the concept, development history, potential sources, heterogeneity, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumoural microorganisms, explore the potential role of microorganisms in tumour prognosis, and discuss current antitumour treatment regimens that target intratumoural microorganisms and the research prospects and limitations in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Daquan Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duan W, Hao Z, Pang H, Peng Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Kang Z, Zhao J. Novel stripe rust effector boosts the transcription of a host susceptibility factor through affecting histone modification to promote infection in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:378-393. [PMID: 37828684 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of host gene expression to promote disease is a common strategy for plant pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether or not fungal pathogens manipulate host gene expression directly through secreted effectors with transcriptional activity. Here, we identified a fungal effector PstGTA1 from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), which has partial homology to the subunit of global transcriptional activator SNF2 from oyster. The transcriptional activating activity of PstGTA1 was validated in yeast, and the potential role of PstGTA1 in pathogenicity was assessed using gene silenced and overexpression transgenic wheat plants. Candidate targets regulated by PstGTA1 were screened by transcriptomic analysis, and the specific promoter region binding to PstGTA1 was further determined. PstGTA1 can be delivered to the wheat cell nucleus and contributes to the full virulence of Pst by targeting the promoter of TaSIG, a gene negatively regulating wheat immunity, and possibly activates its transcription by affecting the histone H3K4 acetylation level. Our study provides the first direct evidence for a fungal effector with transactivation activity modulating the transcription of a host specific susceptibility gene through promoter binding and histone acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenkai Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huihui Pang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuxi Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rolando M, Wah Chung IY, Xu C, Gomez-Valero L, England P, Cygler M, Buchrieser C. The SET and ankyrin domains of the secreted Legionella pneumophila histone methyltransferase work together to modify host chromatin. mBio 2023; 14:e0165523. [PMID: 37795993 PMCID: PMC10653858 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01655-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterium responsible of Legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia that is often fatal when not treated promptly. The pathogen's ability to efficiently colonize the host resides in its ability to replicate intracellularly. Essential for intracellular replication is translocation of many different protein effectors via a specialized secretion system. One of them, called RomA, binds and directly modifies the host chromatin at a unique site (tri-methylation of lysine 14 of histone H3 [H3K14me]). However, the molecular mechanisms of binding are not known. Here, we resolve this question through structural characterization of RomA together with the H3 peptide. We specifically reveal an active role of the ankyrin repeats located in its C-terminal in the interaction with the histone H3 tail. Indeed, without the ankyrin domains, RomA loses its ability to act as histone methyltransferase. These results discover the molecular mechanisms by which a bacterial histone methyltransferase that is conserved in L. pneumophila strains acts to modify chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rolando
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Caishuang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herbel SM, Moyon L, Christ M, Elsayed EM, Caffrey BE, Malmsheimer S, Grin I, Hoffmann K, Surmann K, Blankenburg S, Jung AL, Herkt CE, Borsò M, Bozdag B, Imhof A, Becker A, Wagner S, Bange G, Völker U, Bertrams W, Marsico A, Schmeck B. Screening for eukaryotic motifs in Legionella pneumophila reveals Smh1 as bacterial deacetylase of host histones. Virulence 2022; 13:2042-2058. [PMID: 36411449 PMCID: PMC9704406 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2149973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (L.p.) is a bacterial pathogen which is a common causative agent of pneumonia. In humans, it infects alveolar macrophages and transfers hundreds of virulence factors that interfere with cellular signalling pathways and the transcriptomic landscape to sustain its own replication. By this interaction, it has acquired eukaryote-like protein motifs by gene transfer events that partake in the pathogenicity of Legionella. In a computational screening approach for eukaryotic motifs in the transcriptome of Legionella, we identified the L.p. strain Corby protein ABQ55614 as putative histone-deacetylase and named it "suppressing modifier of histones 1" (Smh1). During infection, Smh1 is translocated from the Legionella vacuole into the host cytosol. When expressed in human macrophage THP-1 cells, Smh1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus, leading to broad histone H3 and H4 deacetylation, blunted expression of a large number of genes (e.g. IL-1β and IL-8), and fostered intracellular bacterial replication. L.p. with a Smh1 knockdown grew normally in media but showed a slight growth defect inside the host cell. Furthermore, Smh1 showed a very potent histone deacetylation activity in vitro, e.g. at H3K14, that could be inhibited by targeted mutation of the putative catalytic center inferred by analogy with eukaryotic HDAC8, and with the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. In summary, Smh1 displays functional homology with class I/II type HDACs. We identified Smh1 as a new Legionella virulence factor with a eukaryote-like histone-deacetylase activity that moderates host gene expression and might pave the way for further histone modifications.IMPORTANCELegionella pneumophila (L.p.) is a prominent bacterial pathogen, which is a common causative agent of pneumonia. In order to survive inside the host cell, the human macrophage, it profoundly interacts with host cell processes to advance its own replication. In this study, we identify a bacterial factor, Smh1, with yet unknown function as a host histone deacetylase. The activity of this factor in the host cell leads to attenuated gene expression and increased intracellular bacterial replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Herbel
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lambert Moyon
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Christ
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eslam M. Elsayed
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Brian E. Caffrey
- Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Malmsheimer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iwan Grin
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Blankenburg
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina E. Herkt
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Borsò
- Zentrallabor für Proteinanalytik, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Beyza Bozdag
- Zentrallabor für Proteinanalytik, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Axel Imhof
- Zentrallabor für Proteinanalytik, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Anke Becker
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Wagner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany,Member of the German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany,CONTACT Bernd Schmeck
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan FH, Bhat BA, Sheikh BA, Tariq L, Padmanabhan R, Verma JP, Shukla AC, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetic modulations in lung cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:732-742. [PMID: 34273520 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining healthy lung function, including host immune homeostasis. Lung microbial dysbiosis or disruption of the gut-lung axis can contribute to lung carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage, inducing genomic instability, or altering the host's susceptibility to carcinogenic insults. Thus far, most studies have reported the association of microbial composition in lung cancer. Mechanistic studies describing host-microbe interactions in promoting lung carcinogenesis are limited. Considering cancer as a multifaceted disease where epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role, epigenetic modifying potentials of microbial metabolites and toxins and their roles in lung tumorigenesis are not well studied. The current review explains microbial dysbiosis and epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer and potential therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | | | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
do Nascimento Soares T, Silva Valadares V, Cardoso Amorim G, de Mattos Lacerda de Carvalho M, Berrêdo‐Pinho M, Ceneviva Lacerda Almeida F, Mascarello Bisch P, Batista PR, Miranda Santos Lery L. The C‐terminal extension of
VgrG4
from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
remodels host cell microfilaments. Proteins 2022; 90:1655-1668. [PMID: 35430767 PMCID: PMC9542434 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which concerns public health systems worldwide, as multiple antibiotic‐resistant strains are frequent. One of its pathogenicity factors is the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), a macromolecular complex assembled through the bacterial membranes. T6SS injects effector proteins inside target cells. Such effectors confer competitive advantages or modulate the target cell signaling and metabolism to favor bacterial infection. The VgrG protein is a T6SS core component. It may present a variable C‐terminal domain carrying an additional effector function. Kp52.145 genome encodes three VgrG proteins, one of them with a C‐terminal extension (VgrG4‐CTD). VgrG4‐CTD is 138 amino acids long, does not contain domains of known function, but is conserved in some Klebsiella, and non‐Klebsiella species. To get insights into its function, recombinant VgrG4‐CTD was used in pulldown experiments to capture ligands from macrophages and lung epithelial cells. A total of 254 proteins were identified: most of them are ribosomal proteins. Cytoskeleton‐associated and proteins involved in the phagosome maturation pathway were also identified. We further showed that VgrG4‐CTD binds actin and induces actin remodeling in macrophages. This study presents novel clues on the role of K. pneumoniae T6SS in pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Berrêdo‐Pinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fábio Ceneviva Lacerda Almeida
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo Mascarello Bisch
- Laboratório de Física‐Biológica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martyn JE, Gomez-Valero L, Buchrieser C. The evolution and role of eukaryotic-like domains in environmental intracellular bacteria: the battle with a eukaryotic cell. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6529235. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens that are able to thrive in different environments, such as Legionella spp. which preferentially live in protozoa in aquatic environments or environmental Chlamydiae which replicate either within protozoa or a range of animals, possess a plethora of cellular biology tools to influence their eukaryotic host. The host manipulation tools that evolved in the interaction with protozoa, confer these bacteria the capacity to also infect phylogenetically distinct eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages and thus they can also be human pathogens. To manipulate the host cell, bacteria use protein secretion systems and molecular effectors. Although these molecular effectors are encoded in bacteria, they are expressed and function in a eukaryotic context often mimicking or inhibiting eukaryotic proteins. Indeed, many of these effectors have eukaryotic-like domains. In this review we propose that the main pathways environmental intracellular bacteria need to subvert in order to establish the host eukaryotic cell as a replication niche are chromatin remodelling, ubiquitination signalling, and modulation of protein-protein interactions via tandem repeat domains. We then provide mechanistic insight into how these proteins might have evolved as molecular weapons. Finally, we highlight that in environmental intracellular bacteria the number of eukaryotic-like domains and proteins is considerably higher than in intracellular bacteria specialised to an isolated niche, such as obligate intracellular human pathogens. As mimics of eukaryotic proteins are critical components of host pathogen interactions, this distribution of eukaryotic-like domains suggests that the environment has selected them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Martyn
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bierne H, Hamon M. Targeting host epigenetic machinery: The Listeria paradigm. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13169. [PMID: 32185898 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By modifying the host cell transcription programme, pathogenic bacteria disrupt a wide range of cellular processes and take control of the host's immune system. Conversely, by mobilising a network of defence genes, the host cells trigger various responses that allow them to tolerate or eliminate invaders. The study of the molecular basis of this crosstalk is crucial to the understanding of infectious diseases. Although research has long focused on the targeting of eukaryotic DNA-binding transcription factors, more recently, another powerful way by which bacteria modify the expression of host genes has emerged: chromatin modifications in the cell nucleus. One of the most prolific bacterial models in this area has been Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for serious food-borne infections. Here, we aim to highlight the contribution of this model to the field of bacteria-mediated chromatin modifications. We will first recall the general principles of epigenetic regulation and then illustrate five mechanisms that mobilise the epigenetic machinery in response to Listeria factors, either through bacterial molecular patterns, a toxin, an invasion protein, or nucleomodulins. Strategies used by Listeria to control the expression of host genes at the chromatin level, by activation of cytosolic signalling pathways or direct targeting of epifactors in the nucleus, have contributed to the emergence of a new discipline combining cellular microbiology and epigenetics: "patho-epigenetics."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bierne
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Epigenetics and Cellular Microbiology Team, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mélanie Hamon
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tuomanen EI. Commensal pneumococci go nuclear. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:143-144. [PMID: 33349662 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine I Tuomanen
- Infectious Diseases Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intracellular Group A Streptococcus Induces Golgi Fragmentation To Impair Host Defenses through Streptolysin O and NAD-Glycohydrolase. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.01974-20. [PMID: 33563838 PMCID: PMC7885101 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01974-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) is a major human pathogen that causes streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and life-threatening conditions such as streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome. During infection, GAS not only invades diverse host cells but also injects effector proteins such as NAD-glycohydrolase (Nga) into the host cells through a streptolysin O (SLO)-dependent mechanism without invading the cells; Nga and SLO are two major virulence factors that are associated with increased bacterial virulence. Here, we have shown that the invading GAS induces fragmentation of the Golgi complex and inhibits anterograde transport in the infected host cells through the secreted toxins SLO and Nga. GAS infection-induced Golgi fragmentation required both bacterial invasion and SLO-mediated Nga translocation into the host cytosol. The cellular Golgi network is critical for the sorting of surface molecules and is thus essential for the integrity of the epithelial barrier and for the immune response of macrophages to pathogens. In epithelial cells, inhibition of anterograde trafficking by invading GAS and Nga resulted in the redistribution of E-cadherin to the cytosol and an increase in bacterial translocation across the epithelial barrier. Moreover, in macrophages, interleukin-8 secretion in response to GAS infection was found to be suppressed by intracellular GAS and Nga. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed bacterial invasion-dependent function of Nga as well as a previously unrecognized GAS-host interaction that is associated with GAS pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Two prominent virulence factors of group A Streptococcus (GAS), streptolysin O (SLO) and NAD-glycohydrolase (Nga), are linked to enhanced pathogenicity of the prevalent GAS strains. Recent advances show that SLO and Nga are important for intracellular survival of GAS in epithelial cells and macrophages. Here, we found that invading GAS disrupts the Golgi complex in host cells through SLO and Nga. We show that GAS-induced Golgi fragmentation requires bacterial invasion into host cells, SLO pore formation activity, and Nga NADase activity. GAS-induced Golgi fragmentation results in the impairment of the epithelial barrier and chemokine secretion in macrophages. This immune inhibition property of SLO and Nga by intracellular GAS indicates that the invasion of GAS is associated with virulence exerted by SLO and Nga.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hanford HE, Von Dwingelo J, Abu Kwaik Y. Bacterial nucleomodulins: A coevolutionary adaptation to the eukaryotic command center. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009184. [PMID: 33476322 PMCID: PMC7819608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through long-term interactions with their hosts, bacterial pathogens have evolved unique arsenals of effector proteins that interact with specific host targets and reprogram the host cell into a permissive niche for pathogen proliferation. The targeting of effector proteins into the host cell nucleus for modulation of nuclear processes is an emerging theme among bacterial pathogens. These unique pathogen effector proteins have been termed in recent years as "nucleomodulins." The first nucleomodulins were discovered in the phytopathogens Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas, where their nucleomodulins functioned as eukaryotic transcription factors or integrated themselves into host cell DNA to promote tumor induction, respectively. Numerous nucleomodulins were recently identified in mammalian pathogens. Bacterial nucleomodulins are an emerging family of pathogen effector proteins that evolved to target specific components of the host cell command center through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include: chromatin dynamics, histone modification, DNA methylation, RNA splicing, DNA replication, cell cycle, and cell signaling pathways. Nucleomodulins may induce short- or long-term epigenetic modifications of the host cell. In this extensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of nucleomodulins from plant and mammalian pathogens. While many nucleomodulins are already identified, continued research is instrumental in understanding their mechanisms of action and the role they play during the progression of pathogenesis. The continued study of nucleomodulins will enhance our knowledge of their effects on nuclear chromatin dynamics, protein homeostasis, transcriptional landscapes, and the overall host cell epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Hanford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Juanita Von Dwingelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predicative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mei HX, Chen YL, Shi PL, Yang SR, Xu X, He JZ. [Advances in oral bacteria influencing host epigenetic regulation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:583-588. [PMID: 33085246 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to a steady change in the level of gene expression caused by non-DNA sequence changes. Microbes can modulate host inflammation through epigenetic pathways to evade or expend immune responses. As an important part of human microbes, oral bacteria also have various epigenetic regulation mechanisms to affect host inflammatory responses. This article reviews the common pathways of epigenetic regulation in microbe infection and the regulation of host epigenetics by using oral microbes to provide a reference for the study of epigenetic-related mechanisms in oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Si-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bacterial Factors Targeting the Nucleus: The Growing Family of Nucleomodulins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040220. [PMID: 32244550 PMCID: PMC7232420 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria secrete a variety of proteins that manipulate host cell function by targeting components of the plasma membrane, cytosol, or organelles. In the last decade, several studies identified bacterial factors acting within the nucleus on gene expression or other nuclear processes, which has led to the emergence of a new family of effectors called “nucleomodulins”. In human and animal pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes for Gram-positive bacteria and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Legionella pneumophila, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli for Gram-negative bacteria, have led to pioneering discoveries. In this review, we present these paradigms and detail various mechanisms and core elements (e.g., DNA, histones, epigenetic regulators, transcription or splicing factors, signaling proteins) targeted by nucleomodulins. We particularly focus on nucleomodulins interacting with epifactors, such as LntA of Listeria and ankyrin repeat- or tandem repeat-containing effectors of Rickettsiales, and nucleomodulins from various bacterial species acting as post-translational modification enzymes. The study of bacterial nucleomodulins not only generates important knowledge about the control of host responses by microbes but also creates new tools to decipher the dynamic regulations that occur in the nucleus. This research also has potential applications in the field of biotechnology. Finally, this raises questions about the epigenetic effects of infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hall TJ, Vernimmen D, Browne JA, Mullen MP, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE, O’Doherty AM. Alveolar Macrophage Chromatin Is Modified to Orchestrate Host Response to Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Front Genet 2020; 10:1386. [PMID: 32117424 PMCID: PMC7020904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, which can also cause disease in a range of other mammals, including humans. Alveolar macrophages are the key immune effector cells that first encounter M. bovis and how the macrophage epigenome responds to mycobacterial pathogens is currently not well understood. Here, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA-seq and miRNA-seq to examine the effect of M. bovis infection on the bovine alveolar macrophage (bAM) epigenome. We show that H3K4me3 is more prevalent, at a genome-wide level, in chromatin from M. bovis-infected bAM compared to control non-infected bAM; this was particularly evident at the transcriptional start sites of genes that determine programmed macrophage responses to mycobacterial infection (e.g. M1/M2 macrophage polarisation). This pattern was also supported by the distribution of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) ChIP-seq results, which highlighted significantly increased transcriptional activity at genes demarcated by permissive chromatin. Identification of these genes enabled integration of high-density genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, which revealed genomic regions associated with resilience to infection with M. bovis in cattle. Through integration of these data, we show that bAM transcriptional reprogramming occurs through differential distribution of H3K4me3 and Pol II at key immune genes. Furthermore, this subset of genes can be used to prioritise genomic variants from a relevant GWAS data set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hall
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Mullen
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan M. O’Doherty
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen XP, Zheng H, Li WG, Chen GD, Lu JX. Bacteria-induced susceptibility to Candida albicans super-infection in mice via monocyte methyltransferase Setdb2. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12860. [PMID: 29749709 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic bacterial infections are prone to secondary Candida albicans super-infection. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this study, a model comprising sublethal cecal ligation and puncture plus C. albicans intravenous injection was applied to mimic the situation in super-infection. Compared with mice without systemic bacterial infection, mice with systemic bacterial infection had lower antifungal gene expression (including Il1b, Tnf, Il6, Ifnb, Ifng, Cxcl1, and Ccr2) in monocytes and less inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils infiltrating into the kidney when challenged with C. albicans. Further, lentivirus-mediated Setdb2-knockout and overexpression experiments verified that Setdb2 levels in monocytes correlated negatively with antifungal gene expression and survival rates. Transcriptional repression was probably achieved by Setdb2 through H3 methylation at lysine 9 in promoter regions of these antifungal genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Nosocomial Infection, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Nosocomial Infection, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Nosocomial Infection, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Nosocomial Infection, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schuhmacher MK, Rolando M, Bröhm A, Weirich S, Kudithipudi S, Buchrieser C, Jeltsch A. The Legionella pneumophila Methyltransferase RomA Methylates Also Non-histone Proteins during Infection. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1912-1925. [PMID: 29733858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RomA is a SET-domain containing protein lysine methyltransferase encoded by the Gram-negative bacterium Legionella pneumophila. It is exported into human host cells during infection and has been previously shown to methylate histone H3 at lysine 14 [Rolando et al. (2013), Cell Host Microbe, 13, 395-405]. Here, we investigated the substrate specificity of RomA on peptide arrays showing that it mainly recognizes a G-K-X-(PA) sequence embedded in a basic amino acid sequence context. Based on the specificity profile, we searched for possible additional RomA substrates in the human proteome and identified 34 novel peptide substrates. For nine of these, the corresponding full-length protein or protein domains could be cloned and purified. Using radioactive and antibody-based methylation assays, we showed that seven of them are methylated by RomA, four of them strongly, one moderately, and two weakly. Mutagenesis confirmed for the seven methylated proteins that methylation occurs at target lysine residues fitting to the specificity profile. Methylation of one novel substrate (AROS) was investigated in HEK293 cells overexpressing RomA and during infection with L. pneumophila. Methylation could be detected in both conditions, confirming that RomA methylates non-histone proteins in human cells. Our data show that the bacterial methyltransferase RomA methylates also human non-histone proteins suggesting a multifaceted role in the infection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Kirstin Schuhmacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monica Rolando
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3525, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Bröhm
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara Weirich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Srikanth Kudithipudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75724 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3525, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We wished to overview recent data on a subset of epigenetic changes elicited by intracellular bacteria in human cells. Reprogramming the gene expression pattern of various host cells may facilitate bacterial growth, survival, and spread. RECENT FINDINGS DNA-(cytosine C5)-methyltransferases of Mycoplasma hyorhinis targeting cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis methyltransferase targeting non-CpG sites methylated the host cell DNA and altered the pattern of gene expression. Gene silencing by CpG methylation and histone deacetylation, mediated by cellular enzymes, also occurred in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis elicited cell type-specific epigenetic changes: it caused increased DNA methylation in macrophages, but induced demethylation, deposition of euchromatic histone marks and activation of immune-related genes in dendritic cells. A secreted transposase of Acinetobacter baumannii silenced a cellular gene, whereas Mycobacterium leprae altered the epigenotype, phenotype, and fate of infected Schwann cells. The 'keystone pathogen' oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis induced local DNA methylation and increased the level of histone acetylation in host cells. These epigenetic changes at the biofilm-gingiva interface may contribute to the development of periodontitis. SUMMARY Epigenetic regulators produced by intracellular bacteria alter the epigenotype and gene expression pattern of host cells and play an important role in pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Grabiec AM, Potempa J. Epigenetic regulation in bacterial infections: targeting histone deacetylases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:336-350. [PMID: 28971711 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1373063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens have developed sophisticated strategies to evade the immune response, among which manipulation of host cellular epigenetic mechanisms plays a prominent role. In the last decade, modulation of histone acetylation in host cells has emerged as an efficient strategy of bacterial immune evasion. Virulence factors and metabolic products of pathogenic microorganisms alter expression and activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) to suppress transcription of host defense genes through epigenetic changes in histone acetylation marks. This new avenue of pathogen-host interactions is particularly important in light of introduction of HDAC inhibitors into clinical practice. Considerable effort is currently being applied to better understand the effects of HDAC inhibitors on the quality of immune responses to pathogens and to characterize the therapeutic potential of these compounds in microbial infections. In this review, we will discuss the recently discovered mechanisms utilized by bacteria to facilitate their survival within infected hosts through subversion of the host acetylation system and the effects of acetylation modulators, including HDAC inhibitors and bromodomain-containing BET protein inhibitors, on innate immune responses against microbial pathogens. Integration of these two lines of experimental evidence provides critical information on the perspectives of epigenetic therapies targeting protein acetylation in infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander M Grabiec
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland.,b Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases , University of Louisville School of Dentistry , Louisville , KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen MT, Deplanche M, Nega M, Le Loir Y, Peisl L, Götz F, Berkova N. Staphylococcus aureus Lpl Lipoproteins Delay G2/M Phase Transition in HeLa Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:201. [PMID: 28083519 PMCID: PMC5187369 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is an ordered set of events, leading to cell growth and division into two daughter cells. The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases), followed by the mitotic phase and G0 phase. Many bacterial pathogens secrete cyclomodulins that interfere with the host cell cycle. In Staphylococcus aureus four cyclomodulins have been described so far that all represent toxins and are secreted into the culture supernatant. Here we show that the membrane-anchored lipoprotein-like proteins (Lpl), encoded on a genomic island called νSaα, interact with the cell cycle of HeLa cells. By comparing wild type and lpl deletion mutant it turned out that the lpl cluster is causative for the G2/M phase transition delay and also contributes to increased invasion frequency. The lipoprotein Lpl1, a representative of the lpl cluster, also caused G2/M phase transition delay. Interestingly, the lipid modification, which is essential for TLR2 signaling and activation of the immune system, is not necessary for cyclomodulin activity. Unlike the other staphylococcal cyclomodulins Lpl1 shows no cytotoxicity even at high concentrations. As all Lpl proteins are highly conserved there might be a common function that is accentuated by their multiplicity in a tandem gene cluster. The cell surface localized Lpls' suggests a correlation between G2/M phase transition delay and host cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martine Deplanche
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO) Rennes, France
| | - Mulugeta Nega
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO) Rennes, France
| | - Loulou Peisl
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO) Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lerner A, Aminov R, Matthias T. Dysbiosis May Trigger Autoimmune Diseases via Inappropriate Post-Translational Modification of Host Proteins. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 26903965 PMCID: PMC4742538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut ecosystem with myriads of microorganisms and the high concentration of immune system cells can be considered as a separate organ on its own. The balanced interaction between the host and microbial cells has been shaped during the long co-evolutionary process. In dysbiotic conditions, however, this balance is compromised and results in abnormal interaction between the host and microbiota. It is hypothesize here that the changed spectrum of microbial enzymes involved in post-translational modification of proteins (PTMP) may contribute to the aberrant modification of host proteins thus generating autoimmune responses by the host, resulting in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel; AESKU.KIPP InstituteWendelsheim, Germany
| | - Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The Legionella genus includes opportunistic human pathogenic species that invade human cells using effector proteins that evolved during association with their natural amoeba hosts. A new study compares the genomes of 41 Legionella species to identify nearly 6,000 effectors, providing insight into these species' evolution and pathogenic lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Comas
- Genomics and Health Unit, FISABIO Public Health, Valencia, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Targeting of host organelles by pathogenic bacteria: a sophisticated subversion strategy. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015; 14:5-19. [PMID: 26594043 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens have evolved the ability to subvert and exploit host functions in order to enter and replicate in eukaryotic cells. For example, bacteria have developed specific mechanisms to target eukaryotic organelles such as the nucleus, the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this Review, we highlight the most recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that bacterial pathogens use to target these organelles. We also discuss how these strategies allow bacteria to manipulate host functions and to ultimately enable bacterial infection.
Collapse
|