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Amin KN, Rajaguru P, Suzuki T, Sarkar K, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. Quantitative proteomic analyses uncover regulatory roles of Nrf2 in human endothelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:731-747. [PMID: 37488350 PMCID: PMC10746666 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional regulator, is the predominant factor in modulating oxidative stress and other cellular signaling responses. Studies from our lab and others highlighted that activation of the Nrf2 pathway by small molecules improves endothelial function by suppressing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nrf2 elicits these effects are unknown. In the present study, we developed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Nrf2 knocked-out human endothelial cells, and proteomic signature was studied using LC-MS/MS. We identified 723 unique proteins, of which 361 proteins were found to be differentially regulated and further screened in the Nrf2ome online database, where we identified a highly interconnected signaling network in which 70 proteins directly interact with Nrf2. These proteins were found to regulate some key cellular and metabolic processes in the regulation actin cytoskeleton, ER stress, angiogenesis, inflammation, Hippo signaling pathway, and epidermal growth factor/fibroblast growth factor (EGF/FGF) signaling pathway. Our findings suggest the role of Nrf2 in maintaining endothelium integrity and its relationship with the crucial cellular processes which help develop novel therapeutics against endothelial dysfunction and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Naresh Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanichamy Rajaguru
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Division Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A, Chabowski A. Lipid peroxidation and sphingolipid alterations in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of rats fed a high-protein diet. Nutrition 2023; 107:111942. [PMID: 36621260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely accepted to enhance satiety and energy expenditure and thus have become a popular strategy to lose weight and facilitate muscle protein synthesis. However, long-term high-protein consumption could be linked with metabolic and clinical problems such as renal and liver dysfunctions. This study verified the effects of 8-wk high-protein ingestion on lipid peroxidation and sphingolipid metabolism in the plasma, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus in rats. METHODS Immunoenzymatic and spectrophotometric methods were applied to assess oxidation-reduction (redox) biomarkers and neutral sphingomyelinase activity, whereas gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to examine sphingolipid levels. RESULTS The vast majority of HPD-related alterations was restricted to the hypothalamus. Specifically, an increased rate of lipid peroxidation (increased lipid hydroperoxides, 8-isoprostanes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) associated with ceramide accumulation via the activation of de novo synthesis (decreased sphinganine), salvage pathway (decreased sphingosine), and sphingomyelin hydrolysis (decreased sphingomyelin and increased neutral sphingomyelinase activity) was noted. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that HPD substantially affected hypothalamic metabolic pathways, which potentially alter cerebral output signals to the peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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3
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Zamai L. Hypothesis: Efficacy of early treatments with some NSAIDs in COVID-19: Might it also depend on their direct and/or indirect zinc chelating ability? Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:279-286. [PMID: 36482040 PMCID: PMC9877557 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work argues for the involvement of the zinc chelating ability of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as an additive mechanism able to increase their efficacy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Zamai
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN)—Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS)L'AquilaItaly
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4
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Gehlert S, Weinisch P, Römisch-Margl W, Jaspers RT, Artati A, Adamski J, Dyar KA, Aussieker T, Jacko D, Bloch W, Wackerhage H, Kastenmüller G. Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:445. [PMID: 35629949 PMCID: PMC9142957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training promotes metabolic health and stimulates muscle hypertrophy, but the precise routes by which resistance exercise (RE) conveys these health benefits are largely unknown. AIM To investigate how acute RE affects human skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy male untrained volunteers at rest, before the first of 13 RE training sessions, and 45 min after the first and last bouts of RE. Biopsies were analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS We measured 617 metabolites covering a broad range of metabolic pathways. In the untrained state RE altered 33 metabolites, including increased 3-methylhistidine and N-lactoylvaline, suggesting increased protein breakdown, as well as metabolites linked to ATP (xanthosine) and NAD (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) metabolism; the bile acid chenodeoxycholate also increased in response to RE in muscle opposing previous findings in blood. Resistance training led to muscle hypertrophy, with slow type I and fast/intermediate type II muscle fibre diameter increasing by 10.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Comparison of post-exercise metabolite levels between trained and untrained state revealed alterations of 46 metabolites, including decreased N-acetylated ketogenic amino acids and increased beta-citrylglutamate which might support growth. Only five of the metabolites that changed after acute exercise in the untrained state were altered after chronic training, indicating that training induces multiple metabolic changes not directly related to the acute exercise response. CONCLUSION The human skeletal muscle metabolome is sensitive towards acute RE in the trained and untrained states and reflects a broad range of adaptive processes in response to repeated stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gehlert
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Patrick Weinisch
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna Artati
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Aussieker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Shen Z, Zhao H, Yao H, Pan X, Yang J, Zhang S, Han G, Zhang X. Dynamic metabolic change of cancer cells induced by natural killer cells at single-cell level studied by label-free mass cytometry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1641-1647. [PMID: 35282636 PMCID: PMC8827047 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are important immune cells which have attracted increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity of cells, individual cancer cells show different resistance to NK cytotoxicity, which has been revealed by flow cytometry. Here we used label-free mass cytometry (CyESI-MS) as a new tool to analyze the metabolites in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells at the single-cell level after the interaction with different numbers of NK92 MI cells. A large amount of chemical information from individual HepG2 cells was obtained showing the process of cell apoptosis induced by NK cells. Nineteen metabolites which consecutively change during cell apoptosis were revealed by calculating their average relative intensity. Four metabolic pathways were impacted during cell apoptosis which hit 4 metabolites including glutathione (GSH), creatine, glutamic acid and taurine. We found that the HepG2 cells could be divided into two phenotypes after co-culturing with NK cells according to the bimodal distribution of concentration of these 4 metabolites. The correlation between metabolites and different apoptotic pathways in the early apoptosis cell group was established by the 4 metabolites at the single-cell level. This is a new idea of using single-cell specific metabolites to reveal the metabolic heterogeneity in cell apoptosis which would be a powerful means for evaluating the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Label-free mass cytometry is utilized to study the dynamic metabolic change during apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by NK92 MI cells at the single-cell level. The metabolic heterogeneity of individual HepG2 cells during apoptosis was revealed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hansen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xingyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinlei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guojun Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Wang G, Tian F, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu C. Ramelteon Mitigates Free Fatty Acid (FFA)-Induced Attachment of Monocytes to Brain Vascular Endothelial Cells. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1937-1945. [PMID: 34792763 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a challenging disease that threatens the life of older people. Dysfunction of brain endothelial cells is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. Ramelteon is a novel agonist of melatonin receptor developed for the treatment of insomnia. Recently, the promising protective effect of Ramelteon on brain injury has been widely reported. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Ramelteon against free fatty acid (FFA)-induced damages in brain vascular endothelial cells and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, we discovered that Ramelteon administration remarkably reversed the decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, activated oxidative stress, and excessive released inflammatory factors caused by FFAs. Secondly, Ramelteon extensively suppressed the attachment of U937 monocytes to bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells induced by FFAs. In addition, the elevated expression of E-selectin and the reduced expression of KLF2 induced by FFAs were pronouncedly alleviated by Ramelteon. Lastly, silencing of KLF2 abolished the protective effects of Ramelteon against FFA-induced expression of E-selectin and the attachment of U937 monocytes to bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells. In conclusion, Ramelteon mitigated FFA-induced attachment of monocytes to brain vascular endothelial cells by increasing the expression of KLF2 and reducing the expression of E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of General Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Kharazmi-Khorassani J, Ghafarian Zirak R, Ghazizadeh H, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Kharazmi-Khorassani S, Naji-Reihani-Garmroudi S, Kazemi E, Esmaily H, Javan-Doust A, Banpour H, Mohammadi-Bajgiran M, Besharatlou MR, Ferns GA, Hashemi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. The role of serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cardiovascular disease risk. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021049. [PMID: 33988177 PMCID: PMC8182619 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i2.9235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA) observed as independent risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this study we investigated FFA levels in patients with CVD, and its risk factors. In this case-control study, 214 patients experienced coronary angiography and 222 healthy subjects were enrolled. Participants were categorized into two groups: who had >50% and <30% stenosis were assigned to the angiogram positive (N=90) and negative (N=124) group, respectively. Several risk factors were assessed and the levels of FFAs were determined using gas chromatography. Serum FFA concentrations were compared between healthy and patients with positive and negative angiograms. The association of serum FFA levels with four major risk factors (hypertension, FBG level, high BMI and WHR) were also assessed. Our data showed that median of FFAs was higher in patients than healthy subjects (p<0.0001), such as SFA and n6-FFAs (in patients; 1.59 (1.27) and 1.22 (1.06) and in healthy subjects 0.33 (0.38) and 0.36 (0.35), respectively). According to anthropometric and biochemical data, there were not statistical differences between the groups, except FBG, SBP and hs-CRP that showed significantly higher levels in patients than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.001). Also, lower median levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and DBP were observed in patients which can due to lipid-lowering medication use like Statins. High serum levels of FFAs are considered as an independent risk factor for CVDs, while various types of FFAs can have different influences on CVD risk factors. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the association between FFAs and CVD risk factors. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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8
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Xue S, Tang H, Zhao G, Fang C, Shen Y, Yan D, Yuan Y, Fu W, Shi Z, Tang X, Guo D. C-C motif ligand 8 promotes atherosclerosis via NADPH oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial permeability increase. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:181-192. [PMID: 33741452 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines have been reported to play important roles in atherosclerotic development. Recently, we found C-C motif ligand 8 (CCL8), a rarely studied chemokine in atherosclerosis, was highly expressed in the endothelium of advanced human carotid plaques. We hypothesized whether CCL8 promotes atherosclerosis through endothelial dysfunction. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice under the Western diet were used to construct atherosclerosis models. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) with CCL8 and the CCL8-antibody were injected into mice respectively to conduct CCL8 overexpression and suppression. The results showed that atherosclerotic lesions were significantly increased in the AAV-CCL8 group, while, lesions in the aortic sinus were reduced in the CCL8-antibody group. With CCL8 treatment (200 ng/ml, 24 h) in vitro, the permeability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) increased and the expression of junctional proteins Zonula occluden-1, and Vascular endothelial cadherin were decreased. This effect was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could be blocked by l-Ascorbic acid and Apocynin. Results showed that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression also increased with CCL8 stimulation and the ROS, and permeability increase of HAECs could be inhibited when NOX2 interfered with the specific siRNA. Additionally, we further found ERK1/2, PI3K-AKT, and NF-κB pathways were involved in the activation of CCL8. Our results indicated that CCL8 might also play important roles in atherosclerosis and this effect, at least in part, was caused by NOX2/ROS-induced endothelial permeability increase. This study might contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between chemokines and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanfei Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gefei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiansu, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5545330. [PMID: 33897941 PMCID: PMC8052150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of the disease. In this disorder, when the blood flow is compromised by ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death of neurons is observed as a result of a lack of oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems and frequent complications also exist in stroke patients; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methods for the disease. At present, the diagnosis of stroke is based on a neurological examination, medical history, and neuroimaging, due to the fact that rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered key factors in stroke pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals are responsible for oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA, which in turn contributes to oxidative damage of the brain. Toxic products of the oxidation reactions act cytostatically on the cell by damaging cell membranes and leading to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, it seems that redox/inflammatory biomarkers might be used in the diagnosis of the disease. Nowadays, saliva is of increasing interest in clinical laboratory medicine. Redox biomarkers could be obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, and stress-free from saliva. This minireview is aimed at presenting the current knowledge concerning the use of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
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10
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Cheng F, Chang H, Yan F, Yang A, Liu J, Liu Y. Agomelatine Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Inflammation and Damage in Brain Endothelial Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5589-5598. [PMID: 33376303 PMCID: PMC7755371 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s281582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Neurotoxicity of anesthetics has been widely observed by clinicians. It is reported that inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathological process. In the present study, we aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of agomelatine against isoflurane-induced inflammation and damage to brain endothelial cells. Materials and Methods MTT assay was used to detect cell viability in order to determine the optimized concentration of agomelatine. The bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells were treated with 2% isoflurane in the presence or absence of agomelatine (5, 10 μM) for 24 h. LDH release was evaluated and the ROS levels were checked using DHE staining assay. The expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were evaluated using real-time PCR and ELISA. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine the expression level of Egr-1. Results The decreased cell viability promoted LDH release and elevated ROS levels induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of agomelatine in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine. The up-regulation of transcriptional factor Egr-1 induced by isoflurane was down-regulated by agomelatine. Conclusion Agomelatine might attenuate isoflurane-induced inflammation and damage via down-regulating Egr-1 in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Huanxian Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Fengfeng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Aixing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
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11
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Chen L, Chao Y, Cheng P, Li N, Zheng H, Yang Y. UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Hydrogen on Mice with Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1950-1963. [PMID: 31236794 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a reductive gas, hydrogen plays an antioxidant role by selectively scavenging oxygen free radicals. It has been reported that hydrogen has protective effects against nerve damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in stroke, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of hydrogen on stroke-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury and its detailed mechanism. Two weeks after the inhalation of high concentrations (66.7%) of hydrogen, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in mice using the thread occlusion technique to establish an animal model of the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Then, a metabolomics analysis of mouse cerebral cortex tissues was first performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to study the metabolic changes and protective mechanisms of hydrogen on stroke ischemia-reperfusion injury. According to the metabolomic profiling of cortex tissues, 29 different endogenous metabolites were screened, including palmitoyl-L-carnitine, citric acid, glutathione, taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAG), L-aspartic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE). Through pathway analysis, the metabolic pathways were concentrate on the glutathione pathway and the taurine pathway, mitochondrial energy metabolism and phospholipid metabolism that related to the oxidative stress process. This result reveals that hydrogen may protect against ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion, thereby protecting nerve cells from reactive oxygen species(ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchao Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040874. [PMID: 30781611 PMCID: PMC6413037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Although some of these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to the neuronal redox imbalance and oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide a schematic overview of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far between brain oxidative stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well as neuronal apoptosis in the IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Chen XM, Zhang WQ, Tian Y, Wang LF, Chen CC, Qiu CM. Liraglutide suppresses non-esterified free fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 compared with metformin in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29636047 PMCID: PMC5891985 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that liraglutide could have an impact on glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and adhesion molecule activation, which may play important roles in the vascular damage of diabetes. In this study, we examined the effects of liraglutide versus metformin on non-esterified free fatty acids, beta-cell insulin secretion, and adhesion molecule levels in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods In this study, 60 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 33.97 ± 5.67 years) were randomly assigned to receive once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide or oral metformin. Before the study and after the 8-week treatment period, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Plasma glucose, lipids and lipoprotein, plasma insulin, glycaemic and insulin responses, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were evaluated. Results After 8 weeks, 120 min of NEFA (155 ± 125 vs 99 ± 73 µmol/L, P = 0.026) and the levels of sVCAM-1 (465 ± 136 vs 382 ± 131 ng/ml, P = 0.013) significantly decreased, while the early phase insulin secretion index (24.94 [7.78, 38.89] vs. 31.13 [17.67, 59.09], P = 0.031), fasting plasma insulin (104 [51, 123] vs 113 [54, 171] mIU/L, P = 0.015), 60 min plasma insulin (326 [165, 441] vs 471 [334, 717] mIU/L, P = 0.005), 120 min plasma insulin (401 [193, 560] vs 500 [367, 960] mIU/L, P = 0.047), and insulin area under the curve (AUCins) (648 [321, 742] vs 738 [451, 1118] mIU/L, P = 0.005) remarkably increased for patients in the liraglutide treatment group. The levels of sVCAM-1 dramatically decreased after 8 weeks of liraglutide treatment (503 ± 182 vs 382 ± 131 ng/ml, P = 0.046) compared to that of the metformin treatment group. At the same time, the differences before and after liraglutide treatment in 120 min of NEFA (− 32 [− 96, − 5] vs 5 [− 35, 38] µmol/L, P = 0.033) and AUCins (738 [451, 1118] vs 594 [357, 1216] mIU/L, P = 0.014) were remarkably enhanced compared to that of the metformin therapy. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in fasting NEFA after liraglutide or metformin treatment. The reduction of 120 min NEFA (ΔNEFA) was positively correlated with the decrease of sVCAM-1 (ΔsVCAM-1) after 8 weeks of liraglutide treatment (r = 0.523, P = 0.003). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that liraglutide administration is more effective than metformin in reducing 120 min NEFA and suppressing sVCAM-1 levels for recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. We suggest that this outcome may be because liraglutide is associated with potentiating insulin secretion capacity, inhibiting vascular inflammatory cytokines, and antagonizing atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0701-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Fen Wang
- Guangzhou Medicine University Second Affiliated Hospital, 250-296 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan-Chan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Mei Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
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14
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The Role of Nrf2 in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9237263. [PMID: 29104732 PMCID: PMC5618775 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; however, their production and quenching need to be closely regulated to prevent cellular damage. An imbalance, due to exogenous sources of free radicals and chronic upregulation of endogenous production, contributes to many pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease and also more general processes involved in aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; commonly known as Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in the dynamic regulation of a network of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, through binding to and activating expression of promoters containing the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2 activity is regulated by many mechanisms, suggesting that tight control is necessary for normal cell function and both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of Nrf2 are indicated in playing a role in different aspects of cardiovascular disease. Targeted activation of Nrf2 or downstream genes may prove to be a useful avenue in developing therapeutics to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease. We will review the current status of Nrf2 and related signaling in cardiovascular disease and its relevance to current and potential treatment strategies.
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15
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Wang L, Han J, Shan P, You S, Chen X, Jin Y, Wang J, Huang W, Wang Y, Liang G. MD2 Blockage Protects Obesity-Induced Vascular Remodeling via Activating AMPK/Nrf2. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1532-1539. [PMID: 28726347 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and increased free fatty acid (FFA) levels are tightly linked with vascular oxidative stress and remodeling. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), an important protein in innate immunity, is requisite for endotoxin lipopolysaccharide responsiveness. This study shows that palmitic acid (PA) also bonds to MD2, initiating cardiac inflammatory injury. However, it is not clear whether MD2 plays a role in noninflammatory systems such as obesity- and FFA-related oxidative stress involved in vascular remodeling and injury. The aim of this study is to examine whether MD2 participates in reactive oxygen species increase and vascular remodeling. METHODS Male MD2-/- mice and wild-type littermates with a C57BL/6 background were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish obesity-induced vascular remodeling. Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with PA to induce oxidative stress and injury. RESULTS In vivo, MD2 deficiency significantly reduced HFD-induced vascular oxidative stress, fibrosis, and remodeling, accompanied with AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation and nuclear factor erythroid (Nrf2) upregulation. In VSMCs and RAECs, inhibition of MD2 by neutralizing monoclonal antibody to MD2 or small interfering RNA knockdown significantly activated the AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway and reduced PA-induced oxidative stress and cell injury. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the deletion or inhibition of MD2 protects against HFD/FFA-induced vascular oxidative stress and remodeling by activating the AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Antigen 96/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/physiology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengban You
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Guan Z, Tao Y, Zhang X, Guo Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, ji G, Wu G, Wang N, Yang H, Yu Z, Guo J, Zhou H. G-CSF and cognitive dysfunction in elderly diabetic mice with cerebral small vessel disease: Preventive intervention effects and underlying mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:462-474. [PMID: 28374506 PMCID: PMC6492719 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although cognitive dysfunction is a common neurological complication in elderly patients with diabetes, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, and effective preventive interventions have yet to be developed. Thus, this study investigated the preventive effects and mechanisms of action associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on cognitive dysfunction in elderly diabetic mice with cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS This study included 40 male db/db diabetic and wild-type (WT) mice that were categorized into the following four groups at the age of 3 weeks: db/db group (DG), db/db+G-CSF group (DGG), WT group (WG), and WT+G-CSF group (WGG). The mice were fed normal diets for 4 months and then given G-CSF (75 μg/kg) via intraperitoneal injections for 1 month. At 7.5 months of age, the cognitive abilities of the mice were assessed with the Y-maze test and the Social Choice Test; body weight, blood pressure (BP), and blood glucose measurements were obtained throughout the study. Brain imaging and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast imaging analyses were performed with a small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, autophagosome levels were detected with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), hippocampal neurons were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and protein expressions and distributions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS (i) The body weight and blood glucose levels of the DG and DGG mice were significantly higher than those of the WG and WGG mice; (ii) social choice and spatial memory capabilities were significantly reduced in DG mice but were recovered by G-CSF in DGG mice; (iii) the MRI scans revealed multiple lacunar lesions and apparent hippocampal atrophy in the brains of DG mice, but G-CSF reduced the number of lacunar lesions and ameliorated hippocampal atrophy; (iv) the MRI-BOLD scans showed a downward trend in whole-brain activity and reductions in the connectivities of the hippocampus and amygdala with subcortical structures in DG mice, but G-CSF clearly improved the altered brain activity as well as the connectivity of the hippocampus in DGG mice; (v) HE staining revealed fewer neurons in the hippocampus in DG mice; (vi) TEM analyses revealed significantly fewer autophagosomes in the hippocampi of DG mice, but G-CSF did not increase these numbers; (vii) there were significant reductions in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3)-II/I levels in the hippocampi of DG mice, whereas p62 was upregulated, and G-CSF significantly enhanced the levels of Beclin1, mTOR, and LC-II/I in DGG mice; and (viii) G-CSF significantly reversed increases in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein levels in DG but not in WG mice. CONCLUSIONS In this study, aged diabetic mice were prone to cognitive dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease. However, administration of G-CSF significantly improved cognitive function in elderly db/db diabetic mice, and this change was likely related to the regulation of autophagy and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu‐Fei Guan
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying‐Hong Tao
- Department of General MedicineOuyang Community Health Service CenterHongkou DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Ming Zhang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qi‐Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying‐Chao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShandong Provincial HospitalJinanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan‐Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gang ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guo‐Feng Wu
- Department of Emergency NeurologyAffiliated HospitalGuiyang Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Na‐Na Wang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhong‐Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing‐Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyInstitute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hou‐Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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17
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. Data on metabolic-dependent antioxidant response in the cardiovascular tissues of living zebrafish under stress conditions. Data Brief 2017; 12:427-432. [PMID: 28516138 PMCID: PMC5426027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we used transgenic zebrafish lines that express compartment-specific isoforms of the roGFP2-Orp1 and Grx1-roGFP2 biosensors, described in Panieri et al (2017) [1], to test the contribute of the pentose phosphate pathway and of the glutathione biosynthesis in the antioxidant capacity of myocardial and endothelial cells in vivo. The transgenic zebrafish embryos were subdued to metabolic inhibition and subsequently challenged with H2O2 or the redox-cycling agent menadione to respectively mimic acute or chronic oxidative stress. Confocal time-lapse recordings were performed to follow the compartmentalized H2O2 and EGSH changes in the cardiovascular tissues of zebrafish embryos at 48 h post fertilization. After sequential excitation at 405 nm and 488 nm the emission was collected between 500–520 nm every 2 min for an overall duration of 60 min. The 405/488 nm ratio was normalized to the initial value obtained before oxidants addition and plotted over time. The analysis and the interpretation of the data can be found in the associated article [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Research Progress on Signaling Pathway-Associated Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7156941. [PMID: 28503253 PMCID: PMC5414589 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7156941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms of oxidative stress in endothelial cells is vital to the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the progress within the field of the role of oxidative responses in the physiology and growth of endothelial cells and emphasizes the effects of several main signal pathways involved in the oxidative stress of endothelial cells. Herein, we aim to provide scientific direction that can serve as a basis for researchers specializing in the signaling pathway of oxidative stress.
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19
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Jin JL, Guo YL, Li JJ. Plasma free fatty acids in relation with the severity of coronary artery disease in non-diabetics: A Gensini score assessment. IJC METABOLIC & ENDOCRINE 2017; 14:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
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20
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Guan ZF, Zhou XL, Zhang XM, Zhang Y, Wang YM, Guo QL, Ji G, Wu GF, Wang NN, Yang H, Yu ZY, Zhou HG, Guo JC, Liu YC. Beclin-1- mediated autophagy may be involved in the elderly cognitive and affective disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:22. [PMID: 27999666 PMCID: PMC5154026 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease with many chronic complications, and cognitive disorders are one of the common complications in patients with diabetes. Previous studies have showed that autophagy played important roles in the progression of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and other diseases. So we investigated whether aged diabetic mice are prone to be associated with the cognitive and affective disorders and whether Beclin-1-mediated autophagy might be involved in thepahological process. Methods High-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ) injection-induced diabetic C57 mice were adopted in this study. Cognitive disorders were detected by Morris water maze and fear conditional test. Affective disorders were detected by tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Magnetic resonance imaging was applied to observe changes of morphology and metabolism in the brain. The 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was used to assess metabolism changes in the brain of aged diabetic mice. Autophagy were evaluated by Beclin- 1, LC3II/I and P62, which were detected by western blot analysis and observed by electron microscopy. Results 1. Compared with control group, diabetes mice showed significantly decreasing abilities in spatial memory and conditioned fear memory (all P < 0.05), and increasing tendency of depression (P < 0.05). 2. MRI showed that the majority of elderly diabetic mice were associated with multiple cerebral small vessel disease. Some even showed hippocampal atrophy, ventricular dilatation and leukoaraiosis. 3. FDG-PET-CT discovered that the glucose metabolism in the amygdala and hippocampus was significantly decreased compared with normal aged mice (P < 0.05). 4. Electron microscopy found that, although autophagy bodies was not widespread, and there was no significant difference between the two groups, yet compared with normal aged mice, apparent cell edema, myelinated tow reduction and intracellular lipofuscin augmentation existed in elderly diabetic mice brain. 5. The level of p62 was increased in the STZ-induced diabetic mice hippocampus and striatum, and beclin1 protein expression were significantly decreased in diabetic mice hippocampus compared with normal aged mice (P < 0.05). There was a upward trend of the ratio of LC3II/I in hippocampus, cortex and striatum, but no statistically difference between the two groups. Conclusion Compared with normal aged mice, diabetic aged mice were apt to cerebral small vessel disease and associated with cognitive and affective disorders, which may be related to the significantly reduced glucose metabolism in hippocampus and amygdala. Beclin1 mediated autophagy in hippocampus probably played an important role in cognitive and affective disorders of STZ-induced aged diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Fei Guan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China ; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 131 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Qi-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 131 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 131 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Department of EmergencyNeurology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; National Clinical Medicine Research Center for Age-related Diseases, 12 Middle WuLuMuQi Rd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 131 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, 5 Latitude and 7 longitude Rd, Jinan, 250021 China
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Chen Y, Huang XJ, Yu N, Xie Y, Zhang K, Wen F, Liu H, Di Q. HMGB1 Contributes to the Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Mouse Epileptic Brain through Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140918. [PMID: 26485677 PMCID: PMC4613137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the seizure-induced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression and the underlying mechanism. Kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse seizure model was used for in vivo experiments. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal saline control (NS) group, KA-induced epileptic seizure (EP) group, and EP group pretreated with HMGB1 (EP+HMGB1 group) or BoxA (HMGB1 antagonist, EP+BoxA group). Compared to the NS group, increased levels of HMGB1 and P-gp in the brain were observed in the EP group. Injection of HMGB1 before the induction of KA further increased the expression of P-gp while pre-treatment with BoxA abolished this up-regulation. Next, the regulatory role of HMGB1 and its potential involved signal pathways were investigated in mouse microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells in vitro. Cells were treated with HMGB1, HMGB1 plus lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) [toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist], HMGB1 plus FPS-ZM1 [receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) inhibitor], HMGB1 plus SN50 [nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor], or vehicle. Treatment with HMGB1 increased the expression levels of P-gp, TLR4, RAGE and the activation of NF-κB in bEnd.3 cells. These effects were inhibited by the pre-treatment with either LPS-RS or FPS-ZM1, and were abolished by the pre-treatment of SN50 or a combination treatment of both LPS-RS and FPS-ZM1. Luciferase reporter assays showed that exogenous expression of NF-κB p65 increased the promoter activity of multidrug resistance 1a (P-gp-encoding gene) in endothelial cells. These data indicate that HMGB1 contributes to the overexpression of P-gp in mouse epileptic brain tissues via activation of TLR4/RAGE receptors and the downstream transcription factor NF-κB in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qing Di
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lund M, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N. A short introduction to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases; deficiencies and novel treatment strategies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1092869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Zhao F, Deng J, Yu X, Li D, Shi H, Zhao Y. Protective effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured brain endothelial cells against hypoglycemia. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:999-1007. [PMID: 25761767 PMCID: PMC4491374 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a common and serious problem among patients with type 1 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin. Clinical studies have demonstrated that hypoglycemic edema is involved in the initiation of hypoglycemic brain damage. However, the mechanisms of this edema are poorly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent regulator of blood vessel function, has been observed an important candidate hormone induced by hypoglycemia to protect neurons by restoring plasma glucose. Whether VEGF has a protective effect against hypoglycemia-induced damage in brain endothelial cells is still unknown. To investigate the effects of hypoglycemia on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and assess the protective effect of exogenous VEGF on endothelial cells during hypoglycemia, confluent monolayers of the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 were treated with normal (5.5 mM glucose), hypoglycemic (0, 0.5, 1 mM glucose) medium or hypoglycemic medium in the presence of VEGF. The results clearly showed that hypoglycemia significantly downregulated the expression of claudin-5 in bEnd.3 cells, without affecting ZO-1 and occludin expression and distribution. Besides, transendothelial permeability significantly increased under hypoglycemic conditions compared to that under control conditions. Moreover, the hypoglycemic medium in presence of VEGF decreased endothelial permeability via the inhibition of claudin-5 degradation and improved hypoglycemia-induced cell toxicity. Furthermore, Glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 expression were significantly upregulated. Taken together, hypoglycemia can significantly increase paraendocellular permeability by downregulating claudin-5 expression. We further showed that VEGF protected brain endothelial cells against hypoglycemia by enhancing glucose passage, reducing endothelial cell death, and ameliorating paraendocellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Neurologic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Jiangshan Deng
- Neurologic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Neurologic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Hong Shi
- Neurologic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Neurologic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233 China
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25
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Wang W, Lin LL, Guo JM, Cheng YQ, Qian J, Mehta JL, Su DF, Luan P, Liu AJ. Heavy ethanol consumption aggravates the ischemic cerebral injury by inhibiting ALDH2. Int J Stroke 2015; 10:1261-9. [PMID: 26172086 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy ethanol consumption is widely accepted as a risk for ischemic stroke. The molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced brain injury have not been fully understood. AIM This study aims to find out the mechanism of the ischemic cerebral injury. METHODS We used Sprague-Dawley rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for acute experiment and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats for long-term experiment in vivo, and oxygen-glucose deprivation model in vitro to define a detrimental effect of different doses of ethanol on ischemic stroke injury. We also used mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 knockdown/overexpression or inhibitor/activator to investigate mechanism of the adverse effects of ethanol. RESULTS High-dose ethanol (36% of calorie derived from ethanol) significantly increased the infarct size in rats (P < 0·01) and decreased the survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by about 20%. Six-week treatment with high-dose ethanol changed a distribution of isoelectric point of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and inhibited aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity in brain. High dose of ethanol increased the cerebral acetaldehyde level, and increased 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde in serum of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. The activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, Alda-1 abolished neuronal cells death and ischemic injury induced by ethanol and the inhibitor reversed the injurious effects. An overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 completely abolished the increased infarct size and neurological deficit score by ethanol. Conversely, knockdown of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 increased the infarct size and exaggerated the cerebral injury induced by ethanol. CONCLUSIONS High concentrations of ethanol aggravate cerebral injury by inhibiting of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and inducing excess accumulation of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy & Medical Appliances, Hangzhou Sanatorium of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Min Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Luan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Chen B, Lu Y, Chen Y, Cheng J. The role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R83-99. [PMID: 25918130 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it represents the initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Failure to protect against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage accounts for endothelial dysfunction in the majority of pathophysiological conditions. Numerous antioxidant pathways are involved in cellular redox homeostasis, among which the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is perhaps the most prominent. Nrf2, a transcription factor with a high sensitivity to oxidative stress, binds to AREs in the nucleus and promotes the transcription of a wide variety of antioxidant genes. Nrf2 is located in the cytoskeleton, adjacent to Keap1. Keap1 acts as an adapter for cullin 3/ring-box 1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2, which decreases the activity of Nrf2 under physiological conditions. Oxidative stress causes Nrf2 to dissociate from Keap1 and to subsequently translocate into the nucleus, which results in its binding to ARE and the transcription of downstream target genes. Experimental evidence has established that Nrf2-driven free radical detoxification pathways are important endogenous homeostatic mechanisms that are associated with vasoprotection in the setting of aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present review is to briefly summarize the mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2/Keap1-ARE signaling pathway and the latest advances in understanding how Nrf2 protects against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. Further studies regarding the precise mechanisms by which Nrf2-regulated endothelial protection occurs are necessary for determining whether Nrf2 can serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xu L, Guo ZN, Yang Y, Xu J, Burchell SR, Tang J, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang JH. Angiopoietin-like 4: A double-edged sword in atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke? Exp Neurol 2015; 272:61-6. [PMID: 26033474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and thus is a major public health concern. Atherosclerosis, also known as atherogenesis, is a crucial risk factor for cerebral ischemia, yet how it develops remains largely unknown. It has been found, however, that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a protein expressed in vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and may therefore be involved in ischemic stroke. ANGPTL4 activity is associated with endothelial cell integrity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. ANGPTL4 also serves as a potent inhibitor of the lipoprotein lipase, and may inhibit atherogenesis via regulating inflammatory signaling and lipid metabolism. In addition, ANGPTL4 plays a role in the regulation of oxidative stress. However, there currently exists a controversy on the role of ANGPTL4 in endothelial cells. Some studies indicate that ANGPTL4 can protect the integrity of endothelial cells, while others have shown that it can be destructive to the endothelium, thereby leading to the initiation of atherosclerosis. Thus, the effects of ANGPTL4 on development of atherosclerosis and thereby ischemic stroke, are undefined. Further research is needed to better understand ANGPTL4-mediated signaling pathways in endothelial function and to determine its potentials as therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sherrefa R Burchell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
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28
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Sulforaphane protects human umbilical vein cells against lipotoxicity by stimulating autophagy via an AMPK-mediated pathway. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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29
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Su J, Zhou H, Tao Y, Guo J, Guo Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Tang Y, Dong Q, Hu R. G-CSF protects human brain vascular endothelial cells injury induced by high glucose, free fatty acids and hypoxia through MAPK and Akt signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120707. [PMID: 25849550 PMCID: PMC4388714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke by mobilizing bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), promoting angiogenesis, and inhibiting apoptosis. Impairments in mobilization and function of the BM-derived EPCs have previously been reported in animal and human studies of diabetes where there is both reduction in the levels of the BM-derived EPCs and its ability to promote angiogenesis. This is hypothesized to account for the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications such as stroke. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of G-CSF on diabetes-associated cerebral vascular defect. We observed that pretreatment of the cultured human brain vascular endothelial cells (HBVECs) with G-CSF largely prevented cell death induced by the combination stimulus with high glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and hypoxia by increasing cell viability, decreasing apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. Cell ultrastructure measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that G-CSF treatment nicely reduced combination stimulus-induced cell apoptosis. The results from fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM showed that G-CSF greatly suppressed the levels of intracellular calcium ions under combination stimulus. We also found that G-CSF enhanced the expression of cell cycle proteins such as human cell division cycle protein 14A (hCdc14A), cyclinB and cyclinE, inhibited p53 activity, and facilitated cell cycle progression following combination stimulus. In addition, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, and deactivation of c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were proved to be required for the pro-survival effects of G-CSF on HBVECs exposed to combination stimulus. Overall, G-CSF is capable of alleviating HBVECs injury triggered by the combination administration with high glucose, FFA and hypoxia involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt signaling cascades. G-CSF may represent a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Su
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Houguang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RH)
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Department of General Medicine, Ouyang Hospital, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032,China
| | - Zhuangli Guo
- Department of Emergency Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RH)
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Lipid Emulsions Differentially Affect LPS-Induced Acute Monocytes Inflammation: In Vitro Effects on Membrane Remodeling and Cell Viability. Lipids 2014; 49:1091-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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The beneficial effect of melatonin in brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion-induced injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:639531. [PMID: 25126203 PMCID: PMC4122057 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has a cellular protective effect in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Protection of brain endothelial cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress is important for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, since brain endothelial cells constitute the blood brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of melatonin against oxygen-glucose deprivation, followed by reperfusion- (OGD/R-) induced injury, in bEnd.3 cells. The effect of melatonin was examined by western blot analysis, cell viability assays, measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Our results showed that treatment with melatonin prevents cell death and degradation of tight junction protein in the setting of OGD/R-induced injury. In response to OGD/R injury of bEnd.3 cells, melatonin activates Akt, which promotes cell survival, and attenuates phosphorylation of JNK, which triggers apoptosis. Thus, melatonin protects bEnd.3 cells against OGD/R-induced injury.
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32
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Song J, Kang SM, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee KM, Lee JE. Glutathione protects brain endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by increasing nrf2 expression. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:93-103. [PMID: 24737944 PMCID: PMC3984961 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) protects cells against oxidative stress by playing an antioxidant role. Protecting brain endothelial cells under oxidative stress is key to treating cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. In present study, we investigated the protective effect of GSH on brain endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We showed that GSH attenuates H2O2-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized form of deoxiguanosine. GSH also prevents H2O2-induced reduction of tight junction proteins. Finally, GSH increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Thus, GSH is a promising target to protect brain endothelial cells in conditions of brain injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - So Mang Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
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Abstract
Ion channels perform a variety of cellular functions in lung epithelia. Oxidant- and antioxidant-mediated mechanisms (that is, redox regulation) of ion channels are areas of intense research. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of redox regulation of ion channels since the last Experimental Biology report in 2003. Advancements include: 1) identification of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidases as sources of regulated reactive species (RS) production in epithelia, 2) an understanding that excessive treatment with antioxidants can result in greater oxidative stress, and 3) characterization of novel RS signaling pathways that converge upon ion channel regulation. These advancements, as discussed at the 2013 Experimental Biology Meeting in Boston, MA, impact our understanding of oxidative stress in the lung, and, in particular, illustrate that the redox state has profound effects on ion channel and cellular function.
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Fisetin attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and activating protective functions of cellular glutathione system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:66-74. [PMID: 23982916 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can induce cell damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage and cell death. The aim of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of fisetin (3,7,3',4',-tetrahydroxy flavone) against H2O2-induced cell damage. Fisetin reduced the level of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical in cell free system, and intracellular ROS generated by H2O2. Moreover, fisetin protected against H2O2-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, cellular DNA damage, and protein carbonylation, which are the primary cellular outcomes of H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, fisetin increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, which is decreased by H2O2. Conversely, a GSH inhibitor abolished the cytoprotective effect of fisetin against H2O2-induced cells damage. Taken together, our results suggest that fisetin protects against H2O2-induced cell damage by inhibiting ROS generation, thereby maintaining the protective role of the cellular GSH system.
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