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Pastor R, Puyssegur J, de la Guardia MP, Varón LS, Beccaglia G, Spada N, de Lima AP, Collado MS, Blanco A, Scetti IA, Arabolaza ME, Paoli B, Chirdo F, Arana E. Role of germinal center and CD39 highCD73 + B cells in the age-related tonsillar involution. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38610048 PMCID: PMC11010345 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tonsils operate as a protection ring of mucosa at the gates of the upper aero-digestive tract. They show similarities with lymph nodes and participate as inductive organs of systemic and mucosal immunity. Based on the reduction of their size since puberty, they are thought to experience involution in adulthood. In this context, we have used tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) isolated from patients at different stages of life, to study the effect of ageing and the concomitant persistent inflammation on these immune cells. RESULTS We found an age-dependent reduction in the proportion of germinal center B cell population (BGC) and its T cell counterpart (T follicular helper germinal center cells, TfhGC). Also, we demonstrated an increment in the percentage of local memory B cells and mantle zone T follicular helper cells (mTfh). Furthermore, younger tonsils rendered higher proportion of proliferative immune cells within the freshly isolated TMC fraction than those from older ones. We demonstrated the accumulation of a B cell subset (CD20+CD39highCD73+ cells) metabolically adapted to catabolize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as patients get older. To finish, tonsillar B cells from patients at different ages did not show differences in their proliferative response to stimulation ex vivo, in bulk TMC cultures. CONCLUSIONS This paper sheds light on the changing aspects of the immune cellular landscape, over the course of time and constant exposure, at the entrance of the respiratory and digestive systems. Our findings support the notion that there is a re-modelling of the immune functionality of the excised tonsils over time. They are indicative of a transition from an effector type of immune response, typically oriented to reduce pathogen burden early in life, to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment at later stages, when tissue damage control gets critical provided the time passed under immune attack. Noteworthy, when isolated from such histologic microenvironment, older tonsillar B cells seem to level their proliferation capacity with the younger ones. Understanding these features will not only contribute to comprehend the differences in susceptibility to pathogens among children and adults but would also impact on vaccine developments intended to target these relevant mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Pastor
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Institute of Immunological and Physiopathological studies (IIFP), University of La Plata (UNLP), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juliana Puyssegur
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - M Paula de la Guardia
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Lindybeth Sarmiento Varón
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Gladys Beccaglia
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Spada
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Paes de Lima
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Soledad Collado
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Andrés Blanco
- Institute of Otolaryngology Arauz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Elena Arabolaza
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Division, Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Paoli
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Division, Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Chirdo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Institute of Immunological and Physiopathological studies (IIFP), University of La Plata (UNLP), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eloísa Arana
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), Clinical Hospital 'José de San Martín', University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Av Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Agirre X, Meydan C, Jiang Y, Garate L, Doane AS, Li Z, Verma A, Paiva B, Martín-Subero JI, Elemento O, Mason CE, Prosper F, Melnick A. Long non-coding RNAs discriminate the stages and gene regulatory states of human humoral immune response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 30778059 PMCID: PMC6379396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs make up a majority of the human transcriptome and have key regulatory functions. Here we perform unbiased de novo annotation of transcripts expressed during the human humoral immune response to find 30% of the human genome transcribed during this process, yet 58% of these transcripts manifest striking differential expression, indicating an lncRNA phylogenetic relationship among cell types that is more robust than that of coding genes. We provide an atlas of lncRNAs in naive and GC B-cells that indicates their partition into ten functionally categories based on chromatin features, DNase hypersensitivity and transcription factor localization, defining lncRNAs classes such as enhancer-RNAs (eRNA), bivalent-lncRNAs, and CTCF-associated, among others. Specifically, eRNAs are transcribed in 8.6% of regular enhancers and 36.5% of super enhancers, and are associated with coding genes that participate in critical immune regulatory pathways, while plasma cells have uniquely high levels of circular-RNAs accounted for by and reflecting the combinatorial clonal state of the Immunoglobulin loci. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) constitute a large fraction of human transcriptome, and are reported, individually, for context-specific regulatory functions. Here the authors expand our understanding by providing a systemic, unbiased annotation of lncRNA to establish an atlas of lncRNA landscape during the induction of human humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Agirre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Leire Garate
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.,Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ashley S Doane
- The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Ciberonc, Pamplona, 31008, Spain. .,Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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