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Biehl A, Venäläinen MS, Suojanen LU, Kupila S, Ahola AJ, Pietiläinen KH, Elo LL. Development and validation of a weight-loss predictor to assist weight loss management. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20661. [PMID: 38001145 PMCID: PMC10673897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a modeling framework to predict long-term weight change on the basis of self-reported weight data. The aim is to enable focusing resources of health systems on individuals that are at risk of not achieving their goals in weight loss interventions, which would help both health professionals and the individuals in weight loss management. The weight loss prediction models were built on 327 participants, aged 21-78, from a Finnish weight coaching cohort, with at least 9 months of self-reported follow-up weight data during weight loss intervention. With these data, we used six machine learning methods to predict weight loss after 9 months and selected the best performing models for implementation as modeling framework. We trained the models to predict either three classes of weight change (weight loss, insufficient weight loss, weight gain) or five classes (high/moderate/insufficient weight loss, high/low weight gain). Finally, the prediction accuracy was validated with an independent cohort of overweight UK adults (n = 184). Of the six tested modeling approaches, logistic regression performed the best. Most three-class prediction models achieved prediction accuracy of > 50% already with half a month of data and up to 97% with 8 months. The five-class prediction models achieved accuracies from 39% (0.5 months) to 89% (8 months). Our approach provides an accurate prediction method for long-term weight loss, with potential for easier and more efficient management of weight loss interventions in the future. A web application is available: https://elolab.shinyapps.io/WeightChangePredictor/ .The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04019249 (Clinical Trials Identifier NCT04019249), first posted on 15/07/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Biehl
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko S Venäläinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura U Suojanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakris Kupila
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila J Ahola
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Cooper AJ, Gupta SR, Moustafa AF, Chao AM. Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:458-466. [PMID: 34599745 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a heterogeneous condition, yet sex/gender is rarely considered in the prevention or clinical care of this disease. This review examined and evaluated recent literature regarding the influence of sex and gender on obesity prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment in adults. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity is more prevalent in women than men in most countries, but in some countries and population subgroups, this gap is more pronounced. Several obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, demonstrate sex-specific pathways. Women, compared to men, are more likely to be diagnosed with obesity and seek and obtain all types of obesity treatment including behavioral, pharmacological, and bariatric surgery. Men tend to have greater absolute weight loss, but this difference is attenuated once accounting for baseline weight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition with complex interactions among sex/gender, sociocultural, environmental, and physiological factors. More sex/gender research is needed to investigate mechanisms underlying sex/gender differences in prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment, identify ways to increase men's interest and participation in obesity treatment, and examine differences in obesity prevalence and treatments for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Cooper
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sapana R Gupta
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ariana M Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Altree TJ, Bartlett DJ, Marshall NS, Hoyos CM, Phillips CL, Birks C, Kanagaratnam A, Mullins A, Serinel Y, Wong KKH, Yee BJ, Grunstein RR, Cayanan EA. Predictors of weight loss in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:753-762. [PMID: 34357505 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consistent predictors of weight loss outcomes with very low-energy diets (VLEDs) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been identified. This study aimed to identify variables predictive of weight loss success in obese patients with OSA undertaking an intensive weight loss programme. METHODS We analysed biological, psychological, and behavioural variables as potential predictors of weight loss in obese patients with OSA after a 2-month VLED followed by one of two 10-month weight loss maintenance diets. Actigraphy, in-lab polysomnography, urinary catecholamines, and various psychological and behavioural variables were measured at baseline, 2, and 12 months. Spearman's correlations analysed baseline variables with 2-month weight loss, and 2-month variables with 2-12 month-weight change. RESULTS Forty-two patients completed the VLED and thirty-eight completed the maintenance diets. Actigraphy data revealed that late bedtime (rs = - 0.45, p = < 0.01) was correlated with 2-month weight loss. The change in the time that participants got out of bed (rise-time) from baseline to two months was also correlated with 2-month weight loss (rs = 0.36, p = 0.03). The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite questionnaire (IWQOL) Public Distress domain (rs = - 0.54, p = < 0.01) and total (rs = - 0.38, p = 0.02) scores were correlated with weight loss maintenance from 2 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Results from this small patient sample reveal correlations between actigraphy characteristics and weight loss in obese patients with OSA. We suggest the IWQOL may also be a useful clinical tool to identify OSA patients at risk of weight regain after initial weight loss. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was prospectively registered on 18/02/2013 with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613000191796). PUBLIC REGISTRY TITLE Sleep, Lifestyle, Energy, Eating, Exercise Program for the management of sleep apnea patients indicated for weight loss treatment: A randomised, controlled pilot study. URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Altree
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Level 2, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5049, Australia.
| | - Delwyn J Bartlett
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathaniel S Marshall
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NeuroSleep, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NeuroSleep, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig L Phillips
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Callum Birks
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aran Kanagaratnam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Mullins
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmina Serinel
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, Australia
| | - Keith K H Wong
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon J Yee
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NeuroSleep, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Cayanan
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NeuroSleep, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Martins C, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Baseline Metabolic Variables Do Not Predict Weight Regain in Premenopausal Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:902-906. [PMID: 32320142 PMCID: PMC7668116 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline (pre-weight loss) metabolic variables can predict weight regain. METHODS About 117 women with overweight completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m2 and were followed for 2 years. Resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, and serum leptin concentration were measured pre-weight loss, while on energy balance, and as predictors of weight regain at 1 and 2 years. Rate and amount of weight loss also were examined as predictors, as these outcomes may reflect metabolic phenotype. RESULTS Average weight loss was 12 (SD 2.5) kg, and regain was 48% (SD 35%) and 80% (SD 52%) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. In regression modeling, metabolic variables (both pre-weight loss and changes with weight loss) did not predict weight regain. However, initial weight loss and time to achieve BMI < 25 were significant predictors of weight regain at 1 and 2 years, even after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Baseline (pre-weight loss) resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, and leptin did not predict weight regain. However, a larger and faster weight loss was associated with a lower weight regain. Understanding the mechanisms behind interindividual variation in magnitude and rate of weight loss is needed to ensure better weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Fielding-Singh P, Patel ML, King AC, Gardner CD. Baseline Psychosocial and Demographic Factors Associated with Study Attrition and 12-Month Weight Gain in the DIETFITS Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1997-2004. [PMID: 31633313 PMCID: PMC6868338 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of failure-trial attrition and weight gain-in a randomized clinical weight-loss trial. METHODS The Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial included 609 adults (18-50 years; BMI 28-40). Participants were randomized to a 12-month healthy low-fat or healthy low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. At baseline, participants completed psychosocial, demographic, and anthropometric measures. Stepwise logistic regressions identified baseline factors associated with (1) study attrition and (2) among trial completers, weight gain at 12 months. RESULTS Having higher baseline food addiction and self-efficacy was linked to treatment failure. Being younger, not having a college education, having higher outcome expectations and quality of life, and having lower social functioning and self-control increased the odds of trial attrition. Identifying as other than non-Hispanic white; not being married or cohabitating; having higher cognitive restraint and self-control; and having lower amotivation, family encouragement, and physical limitations increased the odds of gaining weight by treatment's end. CONCLUSIONS Participants' baseline psychosocial and demographic factors may support or impede successful weight loss. Trialists should attend to these factors when designing treatments in order to promote participants' likelihood of completing the trial and achieving their weight-loss goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Fielding-Singh
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Michele L. Patel
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Abby C. King
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christopher D. Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
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