1
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Remarkable Resilience of Forest Structure and Biodiversity Following Fire in the Peri-Urban Bushland of Sydney, Australia. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In rapidly urbanizing areas, natural vegetation becomes fragmented, making conservation planning challenging, particularly as climate change accelerates fire risk. We studied urban forest fragments in two threatened eucalypt-dominated (scribbly gum woodland, SGW, and ironbark forest, IF) communities across ~2000 ha near Sydney, Australia, to evaluate effects of fire frequency (0–4 in last 25 years) and time since fire (0.5 to >25 years) on canopy structure, habitat quality and biodiversity (e.g., species richness). Airborne lidar was used to assess canopy height and density, and ground-based surveys of 148 (400 m2) plots measured leaf area index (LAI), plant species composition and habitat metrics such as litter cover and hollow-bearing trees. LAI, canopy density, litter, and microbiotic soil crust increased with time since fire in both communities, while tree and mistletoe cover increased in IF. Unexpectedly, plant species richness increased with fire frequency, owing to increased shrub richness which offset decreased tree richness in both communities. These findings indicate biodiversity and canopy structure are generally resilient to a range of times since fire and fire frequencies across this study area. Nevertheless, reduced arboreal habitat quality and subtle shifts in community composition of resprouters and obligate seeders signal early concern for a scenario of increasing fire frequency under climate change. Ongoing assessment of fire responses is needed to ensure that biodiversity, canopy structure and ecosystem function are maintained in the remaining fragments of urban forests under future climate change which will likely drive hotter and more frequent fires.
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2
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Kelly LT, Giljohann KM, Duane A, Aquilué N, Archibald S, Batllori E, Bennett AF, Buckland ST, Canelles Q, Clarke MF, Fortin MJ, Hermoso V, Herrando S, Keane RE, Lake FK, McCarthy MA, Morán-Ordóñez A, Parr CL, Pausas JG, Penman TD, Regos A, Rumpff L, Santos JL, Smith AL, Syphard AD, Tingley MW, Brotons L. Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Science 2021; 370:370/6519/eabb0355. [PMID: 33214246 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fire has been a source of global biodiversity for millions of years. However, interactions with anthropogenic drivers such as climate change, land use, and invasive species are changing the nature of fire activity and its impacts. We review how such changes are threatening species with extinction and transforming terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation of Earth's biological diversity will be achieved only by recognizing and responding to the critical role of fire. In the Anthropocene, this requires that conservation planning explicitly includes the combined effects of human activities and fire regimes. Improved forecasts for biodiversity must also integrate the connections among people, fire, and ecosystems. Such integration provides an opportunity for new actions that could revolutionize how society sustains biodiversity in a time of changing fire activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Kelly
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Andrea Duane
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), 25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Aquilué
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), 25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain.,Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sally Archibald
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Enric Batllori
- CREAF, Edifici C. Autonomous, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew F Bennett
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Stephen T Buckland
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9LZ, UK
| | - Quim Canelles
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), 25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | | | - Sergi Herrando
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert E Keane
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT 59808, USA
| | - Frank K Lake
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Michael A McCarthy
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Catherine L Parr
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE-CSIC), 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Trent D Penman
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adrián Regos
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, ECOCHANGE Group, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Libby Rumpff
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julianna L Santos
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Annabel L Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia.,Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexandra D Syphard
- Vertus Wildfire, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA.,San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.,Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lluís Brotons
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), 25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain.,CREAF, Edifici C. Autonomous, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Bonebrake TC, Guo F, Dingle C, Baker DM, Kitching RL, Ashton LA. Integrating Proximal and Horizon Threats to Biodiversity for Conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:781-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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4
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A multidisciplinary approach to inform assisted migration of the restricted rainforest tree, Fontainea rostrata. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210560. [PMID: 30682049 PMCID: PMC6347239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted migration can aid in the conservation of narrowly endemic species affected by habitat loss, fragmentation and climate change. Here, we employ a multidisciplinary approach by examining the population genetic structure of a threatened, dioecious rainforest tree of the subtropical notophyll vine forests of eastern Australia, Fontainea rostrata, and its potential requirements for population enhancement and translocation to withstand the effects of anthropogenic fragmentation and climate change. We used microsatellite markers to gain an understanding of the way genetic diversity is partitioned within and among the nine extant populations of F. rostrata identified in this study. We combined the results with species distribution modelling to identify populations vulnerable to possible future range shifts based on climate change projections. We found regional differences between the species’ main distribution in the south and a disjunct northern population cluster (FRT = 0.074, FSR = 0.088, FST = 0.155), in mean allelic richness (AR = 2.77 vs 2.33, p < 0.05), expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.376 vs 0.328), and inbreeding (F = 0.116 vs 0.219). Species distribution models predicted that while southern populations of F. rostrata are likely to persist for the next 50 years under the RCP6.0 climate change scenario, with potential for a small-scale expansion to the south-east, the more highly inbred and less genetically diverse northern populations will come under increasing pressure to expand southwards as habitat suitability declines. Given the species’ genetic structure and with the aim to enhance genetic diversity and maximise the likelihood of reproductive success, we recommend that plant reintroductions to supplement existing populations should be prioritised over translocation of the species to new sites. However, future conservation efforts should be directed at translocation to establish new sites to increase population connectivity, focussing particularly on habitat areas identified as persisting under conditions of climate change.
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5
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Prober SM, Doerr VAJ, Broadhurst LM, Williams KJ, Dickson F. Shifting the conservation paradigm: a synthesis of options for renovating nature under climate change. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water; Private Bag 5 Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia
| | - Veronica A. J. Doerr
- CSIRO Land and Water; GPO Box 1700 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Linda M. Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; CSIRO National Research Collections Australia; GPO Box 1700 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Kristen J. Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water; GPO Box 1700 Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Fiona Dickson
- Department of the Environment and Energy; GPO Box 787 Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
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6
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Responses of the Clonal Florida Endemic Shrub Polygonella myriophylla to Fire and Mechanical Disturbance. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-180.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Chaparral Landscape Conversion in Southern California. SPRINGER SERIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68303-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Bonebrake TC, Brown CJ, Bell JD, Blanchard JL, Chauvenet A, Champion C, Chen IC, Clark TD, Colwell RK, Danielsen F, Dell AI, Donelson JM, Evengård B, Ferrier S, Frusher S, Garcia RA, Griffis RB, Hobday AJ, Jarzyna MA, Lee E, Lenoir J, Linnetved H, Martin VY, McCormack PC, McDonald J, McDonald-Madden E, Mitchell N, Mustonen T, Pandolfi JM, Pettorelli N, Possingham H, Pulsifer P, Reynolds M, Scheffers BR, Sorte CJB, Strugnell JM, Tuanmu MN, Twiname S, Vergés A, Villanueva C, Wapstra E, Wernberg T, Pecl GT. Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:284-305. [PMID: 28568902 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well-being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human-centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bonebrake
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | | | - Johann D Bell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 22202, U.S.A
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Alienor Chauvenet
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Republic of China
| | - Timothy D Clark
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A.,Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Finn Danielsen
- Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology (NORDECO), Copenhagen, DK-1159, Denmark
| | - Anthony I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), East Alton, IL, 62024, U.S.A.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 631303, USA
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Birgitta Evengård
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umea University, 90187, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Stewart Frusher
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Raquel A Garcia
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, the Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Roger B Griffis
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, U.S.A
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Emma Lee
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés » (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Hlif Linnetved
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Victoria Y Martin
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, U.S.A
| | | | - Jan McDonald
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Eve McDonald-Madden
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Tero Mustonen
- Snowchange Cooperative, University of Eastern Finland, 80130, Joensuu, Finland
| | - John M Pandolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hugh Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Silwood Park, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Pulsifer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A
| | - Mark Reynolds
- The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, U.S.A
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Republic of China
| | - Samantha Twiname
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Cecilia Villanueva
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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9
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Regan HM, Bohórquez CI, Keith DA, Regan TJ, Anderson KE. Implications of different population model structures for management of threatened plants. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:459-468. [PMID: 27596063 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Population viability analysis (PVA) is a reliable tool for ranking management options for a range of species despite parameter uncertainty. No one has yet investigated whether this holds true for model uncertainty for species with complex life histories and for responses to multiple threats. We tested whether a range of model structures yielded similar rankings of management and threat scenarios for 2 plant species with complex postfire responses. We examined 2 contrasting species from different plant functional types: an obligate seeding shrub and a facultative resprouting shrub. We exposed each to altered fire regimes and an additional, species-specific threat. Long-term demographic data sets were used to construct an individual-based model (IBM), a complex stage-based model, and a simple matrix model that subsumes all life stages into 2 or 3 stages. Agreement across models was good under some scenarios and poor under others. Results from the simple and complex matrix models were more similar to each other than to the IBM. Results were robust across models when dominant threats are considered but were less so for smaller effects. Robustness also broke down as the scenarios deviated from baseline conditions, likely the result of a number of factors related to the complexity of the species' life history and how it was represented in a model. Although PVA can be an invaluable tool for integrating data and understanding species' responses to threats and management strategies, this is best achieved in the context of decision support for adaptive management alongside multiple lines of evidence and expert critique of model construction and output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Regan
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
| | - Clara I Bohórquez
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
- Biology Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 #26-85, Edif. Uriel Gutiérrez, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- New South Wales Office of Environment & Heritage, P.O. Box A290, Sydney South, NSW, 1232, Australia
| | - Tracey J Regan
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, The Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kurt E Anderson
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
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10
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Paniw M, Quintana‐Ascencio PF, Ojeda F, Salguero‐Gómez R. Interacting livestock and fire may both threaten and increase viability of a fire‐adapted Mediterranean carnivorous plant. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paniw
- Departamento de Biología – IVAGRO Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | | | - Fernando Ojeda
- Departamento de Biología – IVAGRO Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | - Roberto Salguero‐Gómez
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Alfred Denny Building Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland St Lucia Qld 4071 Australia
- Evolutionary Demography Laboratory Max Plank Institute for Demographic Research 18057 Rostock Germany
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11
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Gurevitch J, Fox GA, Fowler NL, Graham CH. Landscape Demography: Population Change and its Drivers Across Spatial Scales. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2016; 91:459-85. [DOI: 10.1086/689560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Anthropogenic drivers of global change include rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses and resulting changes in the climate, as well as nitrogen deposition, biotic invasions, altered disturbance regimes, and land-use change. Predicting the effects of global change on terrestrial plant communities is crucial because of the ecosystem services vegetation provides, from climate regulation to forest products. In this paper, we present a framework for detecting vegetation changes and attributing them to global change drivers that incorporates multiple lines of evidence from spatially extensive monitoring networks, distributed experiments, remotely sensed data, and historical records. Based on a literature review, we summarize observed changes and then describe modeling tools that can forecast the impacts of multiple drivers on plant communities in an era of rapid change. Observed responses to changes in temperature, water, nutrients, land use, and disturbance show strong sensitivity of ecosystem productivity and plant population dynamics to water balance and long-lasting effects of disturbance on plant community dynamics. Persistent effects of land-use change and human-altered fire regimes on vegetation can overshadow or interact with climate change impacts. Models forecasting plant community responses to global change incorporate shifting ecological niches, population dynamics, species interactions, spatially explicit disturbance, ecosystem processes, and plant functional responses. Monitoring, experiments, and models evaluating multiple change drivers are needed to detect and predict vegetation changes in response to 21st century global change.
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13
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Driscoll DA, Bode M, Bradstock RA, Keith DA, Penman TD, Price OF. Resolving future fire management conflicts using multicriteria decision making. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2016; 30:196-205. [PMID: 26148692 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Management strategies to reduce the risks to human life and property from wildfire commonly involve burning native vegetation. However, planned burning can conflict with other societal objectives such as human health and biodiversity conservation. These conflicts are likely to intensify as fire regimes change under future climates and as growing human populations encroach farther into fire-prone ecosystems. Decisions about managing fire risks are therefore complex and warrant more sophisticated approaches than are typically used. We applied a multicriteria decision making approach (MCDA) with the potential to improve fire management outcomes to the case of a highly populated, biodiverse, and flammable wildland-urban interface. We considered the effects of 22 planned burning options on 8 objectives: house protection, maximizing water quality, minimizing carbon emissions and impacts on human health, and minimizing declines of 5 distinct species types. The MCDA identified a small number of management options (burning forest adjacent to houses) that performed well for most objectives, but not for one species type (arboreal mammal) or for water quality. Although MCDA made the conflict between objectives explicit, resolution of the problem depended on the weighting assigned to each objective. Additive weighting of criteria traded off the arboreal mammal and water quality objectives for other objectives. Multiplicative weighting identified scenarios that avoided poor outcomes for any objective, which is important for avoiding potentially irreversible biodiversity losses. To distinguish reliably among management options, future work should focus on reducing uncertainty in outcomes across a range of objectives. Considering management actions that have more predictable outcomes than landscape fuel management will be important. We found that, where data were adequate, an MCDA can support decision making in the complex and often conflicted area of fire management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don A Driscoll
- National Environmental Research Program Environmental Decisions Group and ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, St Lucia Qld, Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Building 141, Linnaeus Way, Australian National University, ACT, 0200, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- National Environmental Research Program Environmental Decisions Group and ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, St Lucia Qld, Australia
- School of BioScience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ross A Bradstock
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David A Keith
- NSW Office of Environment & Heritage, 43 Bridge Street, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological Earth & Environmental Science, Biological Sciences building (D26), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Trent D Penman
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Forest and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia
| | - Owen F Price
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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14
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Thomas CD, Gillingham PK. The performance of protected areas for biodiversity under climate change. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Thomas
- Department of Biology; University of York; Wentworth Way York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Phillipa K. Gillingham
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Christchurch House; Bournemouth University; Talbot Campus Fern Barrow Poole BH12 5BB UK
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15
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Hannah L, Flint L, Syphard AD, Moritz MA, Buckley LB, McCullough IM. Fine-grain modeling of species’ response to climate change: holdouts, stepping-stones, and microrefugia. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:390-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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