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Marine citizenship: The right to participate in the transformation of the human-ocean relationship for sustainability. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280518. [PMID: 36913347 PMCID: PMC10010517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine citizenship is a relatively new field of enquiry and research to date has focused on individual pro-environmental behaviour change as an expression of responsibility towards the ocean. The field is underpinned by knowledge-deficit and technocratic approaches to behaviour change such as awareness raising, ocean literacy, and environmental attitudes research. In this paper we develop an interdisciplinary and inclusive conceptualisation of marine citizenship. We use mixed methods to study the views and experiences of active marine citizens in the United Kingdom to broaden understandings of marine citizens' characterisation of marine citizenship, and their perceptions of its importance in policy- and decision-making. Our study shows that marine citizenship entails more than individual pro-environmental behaviours, and includes public-facing and socially collective political actions. We contextualise the role of knowledge, finding more complexity than normative knowledge-deficit approaches permit. We illustrate the importance of a rights-based framing of marine citizenship which incorporates political and civic rights to participate in the transformation of the human-ocean relationship for sustainability. Recognising this more inclusive approach to marine citizenship, we propose an expanded definition to support further exploration of the multiple dimensions and complexities of marine citizenship and to enhance its benefits for marine policy and management.
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2
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Mogensen LMW, Mei Z, Hao Y, Hudson MA, Wang D, Turvey ST. Spatiotemporal relationships of threatened cetaceans and anthropogenic threats in the lower Yangtze system. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.929959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The impacts of fisheries interactions on cetaceans can be challenging to determine, often requiring multiple complementary investigative approaches. The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), one of the few Critically Endangered cetaceans, is endemic to the middle-lower Yangtze drainage, a system impacted by multiple anthropogenic pressures. Bycatch mortality is implicated in regional porpoise decline, but the significance and dynamics of porpoise interactions with fishing activities and other threats remain poorly understood. We conducted boat-based surveys to map seasonal distributions and spatial congruence of porpoises and two potential threats (fishing and sand-mining), and an interview survey of fishing communities to understand temporal patterns and drivers of regional fishing activity, across Poyang Lake and the adjoining Yangtze mainstem. Variation in harmful and non-harmful gear use (non-fixed nets versus static pots and traps) between these landscapes might be an important factor affecting local porpoise status. Within Poyang Lake, spatial correlations between porpoises and threats were relatively weak, seasonal porpoise and threat hotspots were located in different regions, and two protected areas had higher porpoise encounter rates and densities than some unprotected sections. However, porpoise hotspots were mostly in unprotected areas, threats were widely observed across reserves, and more fishing and sand-mining was seasonally observed within reserves than within unprotected areas. Compared to null distributions, porpoises were detected significantly closer to fishing activities in summer and further from sand-mining in winter, indicating possible spatial risks of gear entanglement and disturbance. Reported porpoise bycatch deaths are associated with fixed and non-fixed nets, hook-based gears, and electrofishing. Longitudinal patterns in reported gear use indicate that hook-based fishing has decreased substantially and is generally conducted by older fishers, and significantly fewer respondents now practice fishing as their sole source of income, but electrofishing has increased. This combined research approach indicates a continued potential risk to porpoises from changing fisheries interactions and other threats, highlighting the importance of fishing restrictions and appropriate support for fishing communities impacted by this legislation. A potential “win–win” for both biodiversity and local livelihoods could be achieved through wider use of static pots and traps, which are not associated with bycatch deaths.
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McKinley E, Kelly R, Mackay M, Shellock R, Cvitanovic C, van Putten I. Development and expansion in the marine social sciences: Insights from the global community. iScience 2022; 25:104735. [PMID: 35942098 PMCID: PMC9356031 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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4
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Fuentes-Albero MC, González-Brusi L, Cots P, Luongo C, Abril-Sánchez S, Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E, Ruiz-Díaz S, Barros-García C, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Párraga D, Avilés M, Izquierdo Rico MJ, García-Vázquez FA. Protein Identification of Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma in Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673961. [PMID: 34336830 PMCID: PMC8323341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins play an important role in many reproductive functions such as sperm maturation, sperm transit in the female genital tract or sperm-oocyte interaction. However, in general, little information concerning reproductive features is available in the case of aquatic animals. The present study aims to characterize the proteome of both spermatozoa and seminal plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) as a model organism for cetaceans. Ejaculate samples were obtained from two trained dolphins housed in an aquarium. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma were analyzed by means of proteomic analyses using an LC-MS/MS, and a list with the gene symbols corresponding to each protein was submitted to the DAVID database. Of the 419 proteins identified in spermatozoa and 303 in seminal plasma, 111 proteins were shared by both. Furthermore, 70 proteins were identified as involved in reproductive processes, 39 in spermatozoa, and 31 in seminal plasma. The five most abundant proteins were also identified in these samples: AKAP3, ODF2, TUBB, GSTM3, ROPN1 for spermatozoa and CST11, LTF, ALB, HSP90B1, PIGR for seminal plasma. In conclusion, this study provides the first characterization of the proteome in cetacean sperm and seminal plasma, opening the way to future research into new biomarkers, the analysis of conservation capacity or possible additional applications in the field of assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Carmen Fuentes-Albero
- Department of Biology, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo González-Brusi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Cots
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chiara Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Abril-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliana Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sara Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Department of Biology, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, Valencia, Spain.,Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mᵃ José Izquierdo Rico
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Skórka P, Banach A, Banasiak M, Bokalska-Rajba J, Bonk M, Czachura P, García-Rodríguez A, Gaspar G, Hordyńska N, Kaczmarczyk A, Kapłoniak K, Kociński M, Łopata B, Mazur E, Mirzaei M, Misiewicz A, Parres A, Przystałkowska A, Pustkowiak S, Raczyński M, Sadura I, Splitt A, Stanek M, Sternalski J, Wierzbicka A, Wiorek M, Zduńczyk P. Congruence between the prioritisation of conservation problems at the local and national scale: an evaluation by environmental scientists in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35317-35326. [PMID: 34100204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic pressure on the environment depends on the spatial scale. It is crucial to prioritise conservation actions at different spatial scales to be cost-efficient. Using horizon scanning with the Delphi technique, we asked what the most important conservation problems are in Poland at local and national scales. Twenty-six participants, PhD students, individually identified conservation issues important at the local and national scales. Each problem was then scored and classified into broader categories during the round discussions. Text mining, cross-sectional analyses, and frequency tests were used to compare the context, importance scores, and frequency of identified problems between the two scales, respectively. A total of 115 problems were identified at the local scale and 122 at the national scale. Among them, 30 problems were identical for both scales. Importance scores were higher for national than local problems; however, this resulted from different sets of problems identified at the two scales. Problems linked to urbanisation, education, and management were associated with the local scale. Problems related to policy, forestry, and consumerism were more frequent at the national scale. An efficient conservation policy should be built hierarchically (e.g. introducing adaptive governance), implementing solutions at a national scale with the flexibility to adjust for local differences and to address the most pressing issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Banach
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Banasiak
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bokalska-Rajba
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Bonk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Czachura
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alberto García-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gaspar
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adriana Kaczmarczyk
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kapłoniak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kociński
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Łopata
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Mazur
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mohamadreza Mirzaei
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aida Parres
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Przystałkowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pustkowiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Raczyński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Sadura
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Splitt
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Sternalski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Wierzbicka
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Marcin Wiorek
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zduńczyk
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
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Danovaro R, Aronson J, Cimino R, Gambi C, Snelgrove PVR, Van Dover C. Marine ecosystem restoration in a changing ocean. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Danovaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121 Italy
| | - James Aronson
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Boulevard St Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
- EcoHealth Network 1330 Beacon St, Suite 355a Brookline MA 02446 U.S.A
| | - Roberto Cimino
- ENI S.p.A., Development, Operations & Technology (DOT) Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Gambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 Italy
| | | | - Cindy Van Dover
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University 135 Duke Marine Lab Road Beaufort NC 28516 U.S.A
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7
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Pienkowski T, Cook C, Verma M, Carrasco LR. Conservation cost‐effectiveness: a review of the evidence base. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pienkowski
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Carly Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Megha Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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8
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Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Madliger CL, Cramp RL, Beardall J, Burness G, Clark TD, Dantzer B, de la Barrera E, Fangue NA, Franklin CE, Fuller A, Hawkes LA, Hultine KR, Hunt KE, Love OP, MacMillan HA, Mandelman JW, Mark FC, Martin LB, Newman AEM, Nicotra AB, Raby GD, Robinson SA, Ropert-Coudert Y, Rummer JL, Seebacher F, Todgham AE, Tomlinson S, Chown SL. One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab009. [PMID: 33859825 PMCID: PMC8035967 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners and policy makers. Relevant and robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with the actionable evidence needed to inform conservation decisions. In the Anthropocene, science that leads to meaningful improvements in biodiversity conservation, restoration and management is desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline that is well-positioned to identify the mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses to environmental change and test different in situ and ex situ conservation interventions for diverse taxa and ecosystems. Here we present a consensus list of 10 priority research themes. Within each theme we identify specific research questions (100 in total), answers to which will address conservation problems and should improve the management of biological resources. The themes frame a set of research questions related to the following: (i) adaptation and phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human-induced environmental change; (iii) human-wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers and monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement and communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) restoration actions; (ix) threatened species; and (x) urban systems. The themes and questions will hopefully guide and inspire researchers while also helping to demonstrate to practitioners and policy makers the many ways in which physiology can help to support their decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jordanna N Bergman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christine L Madliger
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, Mexico
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lucy A Hawkes
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hunt
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John W Mandelman
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Felix C Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lynn B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy E M Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS) and Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372—La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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9
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Nelms SE, Eyles L, Godley BJ, Richardson PB, Selley H, Solandt JL, Witt MJ. Investigating the distribution and regional occurrence of anthropogenic litter in English marine protected areas using 25 years of citizen-science beach clean data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114365. [PMID: 32220688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated to enable the management of damaging activities within a discrete spatial area, and can be effective at reducing the associated impacts, including habitat loss and over-exploitation. Such sites, however, may be exposed to the potential impacts from broader scale pressures, such as anthropogenic litter, due to its diffuse nature and lack of constraint by legislative and/or political boundaries. Plastic, a large component of litter, is of particular concern, due to increasing evidence of its potential to cause ecological and socio-economic damage. The presence of sensitive marine features may mean that some MPAs are at greater potential risk from the impacts of plastic pollution than some non-protected sites. Understanding the abundance, distribution and composition of litter along coastlines is important for designing and implementing effective management strategies. Gathering such data, however, can be expensive and time-consuming but litter survey programmes that enlist citizen scientists are often able to resolve many of the logistical or financial constraints. Here, we examine data collected over 25-years (1994-2018), by Marine Conservation Society volunteers, for spatial patterns in relation to the English MPA network, with the aim of highlighting key sources of litter and identifying management priority areas. We found that MPAs in southeast (Kent) and southwest (Cornwall and Devon) England have the highest densities of shore-based litter. Plastic is the main material constituent and public littering the most common identifiable source. Items attributed to fishing activities were most prevalent in southwest MPAs and sewage related debris was highest in MPAs near large rivers and estuaries, indicating localised accumulation. When comparing inside and outside of MPAs, we found no difference in litter density, demonstrating the need for wider policy intervention at local, national and international scales to reduce the amount of litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nelms
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK; Centre for Circular Economy, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Lauren Eyles
- Marine Conservation Society, Ross on Wye, HR9 7US, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | | | - Hazel Selley
- Natural England, 4th Floor, Foss House, Kings Pool, 1-2 Peasholme Green, York, YO1 7PX, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Witt
- Hatherly Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PS, UK
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10
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Dey CJ, Rego AI, Midwood JD, Koops MA. A review and meta-analysis of collaborative research prioritization studies in ecology, biodiversity conservation and environmental science. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200012. [PMID: 32183628 PMCID: PMC7126043 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborative research prioritization (CRP) studies have become increasingly popular during the last decade. By bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders, and using a democratic process to create a list of research priorities, these methods purport to identify research topics that will better meet the needs of science users. Here, we review 41 CRP studies in the fields of ecology, biodiversity conservation and environmental science that collectively identify 2031 research priorities. We demonstrate that climate change, ecosystem services and protected areas are common terms found in the research priorities of many CRP studies, and that identified research priorities have become less unique over time. In addition, we show that there is a considerable variation in the size and composition of the groups involved in CRP studies, and that at least one aspect of the identified research priorities (lexical diversity) is related to the size of the CRP group. Although some CRP studies have been highly cited, the evidence that CRP studies have directly motivated research is weak, perhaps because most CRP studies have not directly involved organizations that fund science. We suggest that the most important impact of CRP studies may lie in their ability to connect individuals across sectors and help to build diverse communities of practice around important issues at the science-policy interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Dey
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, CanadaL7S 1A1
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11
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Novak BJ, Fraser D, Maloney TH. Transforming Ocean Conservation: Applying the Genetic Rescue Toolkit. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E209. [PMID: 32085502 PMCID: PMC7074136 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oceans provide critical ecosystem services and support the most abundant populations on earth, the extent of damage impacting oceans and the diversity of strategies to protect them is disconcertingly, and disproportionately, understudied. While conventional modes of conservation have made strides in mitigating impacts of human activities on ocean ecosystems, those strategies alone cannot completely stem the tide of mounting threats. Biotechnology and genomic research should be harnessed and developed within conservation frameworks to foster the persistence of viable ocean ecosystems. This document distills the results of a targeted survey, the Ocean Genomics Horizon Scan, which assessed opportunities to bring novel genetic rescue tools to marine conservation. From this Horizon Scan, we have identified how novel approaches from synthetic biology and genomics can alleviate major marine threats. While ethical frameworks for biotechnological interventions are necessary for effective and responsible practice, here we primarily assessed technological and social factors directly affecting technical development and deployment of biotechnology interventions for marine conservation. Genetic insight can greatly enhance established conservation methods, but the severity of many threats may demand genomic intervention. While intervention is controversial, for many marine areas the cost of inaction is too high to allow controversy to be a barrier to conserving viable ecosystems. Here, we offer a set of recommendations for engagement and program development to deploy genetic rescue safely and responsibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Novak
- Revive & Restore, 1505 Bridgeway #203, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA;
| | - Devaughn Fraser
- Genetics Research Lab, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA 95834, USA;
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12
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Estimates of marine turtle nesting populations in the south-west Indian Ocean indicate the importance of the Chagos Archipelago. ORYX 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605319001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlobal marine turtle population assessments highlight the importance of the south-west Indian Ocean region, despite data gaps for the Chagos Archipelago. The archipelago hosts nesting hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and green turtles Chelonia mydas, both heavily exploited for 2 centuries until protection in 1968–1970. We assessed available nesting habitat and spatial distribution of nesting activity during rapid surveys of 90% of the archipelago's coastline in 1996, 1999, 2006 and 2016. We quantified seasonality and mean annual egg clutch production from monthly track counts during 2006–2018 along a 2.8 km index beach on Diego Garcia island. An estimated 56% (132 km) of coastline provided suitable nesting habitat. Diego Garcia and Peros Banhos atolls accounted for 90.4% of hawksbill and 70.4% of green turtle nesting. Hawksbill turtles showed distinct nesting peaks during October–February, and green turtles nested year-round with elevated activity during June–October. Estimates of 6,300 hawksbill and 20,500 green turtle clutches laid annually during 2011–2018 indicate that nesting on the Chagos Archipelago has increased 2–5 times for hawksbill turtles and 4–9 times for green turtles since 1996. Regional estimates indicate green turtles produce 10 times more egg clutches than hawksbill turtles, and the Chagos Archipelago accounts for 39–51% of an estimated 12,500–16,000 hawksbill and 14–20% of an estimated 104,000–143,500 green turtle clutches laid in the south-west Indian Ocean. The improved status may reflect > 40 years without significant exploitation. Long-term monitoring is needed to captureinterannual variation in nesting numbers and minimize uncertainty in population estimates.
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Friedman WR, Halpern BS, McLeod E, Beck MW, Duarte CM, Kappel CV, Levine A, Sluka RD, Adler S, O’Hara CC, Sterling EJ, Tapia-Lewin S, Losada IJ, McClanahan TR, Pendleton L, Spring M, Toomey JP, Weiss KR, Possingham HP, Montambault JR. Research Priorities for Achieving Healthy Marine Ecosystems and Human Communities in a Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 7. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Kiessling W, Raja NB, Roden VJ, Turvey ST, Saupe EE. Addressing priority questions of conservation science with palaeontological data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190222. [PMID: 31679490 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palaeontologists often ask identical questions to those asked by ecologists. Despite this, ecology is considered a core discipline of conservation biology, while palaeontologists are rarely consulted in the protection of species, habitats and ecosystems. The recent emergence of conservation palaeobiology presents a big step towards better integration of palaeontology in conservation science, although its focus on historical baselines may not fully capture the potential contributions of geohistorical data to conservation science. In this essay we address previously defined priority questions in conservation and consider which of these questions may be answerable using palaeontological data. Using a statistical assessment of surveys, we find that conservation biologists and younger scientists have a more optimistic view of potential palaeontological contributions to the field compared to experienced palaeontologists. Participants considered questions related to climate change and marine ecosystems to be the best addressable with palaeontological data. As these categories are also deemed most relevant by ecologists and receive the greatest research effort in conservation, they are the natural choice for future academic collaboration. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nussaïbah B Raja
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Julie Roden
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Erin E Saupe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
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Inurria A, Arencibia A, Calabuig P, Gómez M, Déniz S, Orós J. Mortality associated with ingestion of sea urchins in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): A case series. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221730. [PMID: 31442294 PMCID: PMC6707556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aims of this study were: a) to describe the pathological and laboratory findings in a case series of stranding and mortality associated with ingestion of large amounts of sea urchins in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), and b) to alert veterinarians and biologists involved in sea turtle conservation of this cause of stranding and/or death. Methods The six loggerheads studied were stranded on the coasts of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, between 2008 and 2015. Post mortem studies included pathological, microbiological, and sea urchin species identification procedures. Results All turtles showed severe intestinal impaction caused by large amounts of sea urchins, mainly affecting the colon and the caudal half of the small intestine. Histologically, severe focal fibrinonecrotic enteritis was diagnosed in two turtles. In the remaining turtles, lesions ranged from mild desquamation of the intestinal epithelium to severe congestion of the blood vessels of lamina propria, submucosa, muscular and serosa, and edema. Vibrio sp. was isolated from the spleen and intestinal mucosa of a loggerhead in which focal fibrinonecrotic enteritis had been diagnosed. In five turtles, all the remains were fragments from long-spined sea urchins (Diadema africanum); the last turtle contained a mixture of long-spined sea urchin (90%) and purple sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis) (10%) remains. Conclusions Although the prevalence of this cause of stranding was low (< 1.6%) compared to other mortality causes, continued overfishing and anthropogenic climate change could increase its incidence. Intestinal impaction with large amounts of sea urchins should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in sea turtles, and the possible toxic effect of some sea urchin species on sea turtles should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Inurria
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
| | - Alberto Arencibia
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
| | - Pascual Calabuig
- Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Tafira Baja-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - May Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), University Institute for Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Telde (Las Palmas), Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
- * E-mail:
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Bouchard C, Bracken C, Dabin W, Canneyt O, Ridoux V, Spitz J, Authier M. A risk‐based forecast of extreme mortality events in small cetaceans: Using stranding data to inform conservation practice. Conserv Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bouchard
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
- UMR Ecobiop, UMR 1224, INRA University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour Saint‐Pée sur Nivelle France
| | | | - Willy Dabin
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
| | - Olivier Canneyt
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
| | - Vincent Ridoux
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
- Centre d’Étude Biologiques de Chizé, UMS 7372 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs Villiers‐en‐bois France
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
| | - Matthieu Authier
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 Université de La Rochelle, cnrs La Rochelle France
- Adera Pessac Cedex France
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Sandström A, Lundmark C, Andersson K, Johannesson K, Laikre L. Understanding and bridging the conservation-genetics gap in marine conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:725-728. [PMID: 30578637 PMCID: PMC6850568 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Article impact statement: Upgrading policy on, resources for, and knowledge and communication of genetic diversity closes the conservation‐genetics gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Sandström
- Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social SciencesLuleå University of TechnologyLuleå971 87Sweden
| | - Carina Lundmark
- Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social SciencesLuleå University of TechnologyLuleå971 87Sweden
| | - Klas Andersson
- Department of Education and Special EducationUniversity of GothenburgBox 300Gothenburg405 30Sweden
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgStrömstad452 96Sweden
| | - Linda Laikre
- Division of Population GeneticsDepartment of ZoologyStockholm University, Stockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
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Mos B, Dworjanyn SA, Mamo LT, Kelaher BP. Building global change resilience: Concrete has the potential to ameliorate the negative effects of climate-driven ocean change on a newly-settled calcifying invertebrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1349-1358. [PMID: 30235620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is driving sea level rise and increasingly frequent storm events, which are negatively impacting rapidly-growing coastal communities. To mitigate these impacts, coastal infrastructure must be further protected by upgrading hard defences. We propose that incorporating pH-buffering materials into these upgrades could safeguard marine organisms from the adverse effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming during the vulnerable transition from planktonic larvae to benthic juveniles. To test this, we examined the effects of ocean warming (24 or 27 °C), ocean acidification (pH 8.1, 7.9, 7.7), and substratum (concrete, greywacke, granite) in all combinations on the settlement success of an ecologically and commercially important sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla. Low pH (7.9, 7.7) generally reduced the quantity and size of juveniles four weeks post-settlement, although this was partially ameliorated by increased temperature (24 vs. 27 °C). In the warmed and acidified treatments, settlement rates were lower on concrete than granite or greywacke, but two weeks post-settlement, juveniles on concrete were larger, and had longer spines and higher survival rates than on greywacke or granite, respectively. The benefits provided by concrete to newly-settled juveniles may be related to alkali chemicals leaching from concrete buffering low pH conditions in surrounding seawater and/or increased availability of bicarbonate in the boundary layers around its surface. Our results highlight the potential for pH-buffering materials to assist marine organisms in coping with the effects of changing ocean conditions, but further research is required to understand the generality and mechanism(s) driving the beneficial effects of concrete and to test pH-buffering materials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
| | - Symon A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Lea T Mamo
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
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Fernández-Alacid L, Sanahuja I, Ordóñez-Grande B, Sánchez-Nuño S, Viscor G, Gisbert E, Herrera M, Ibarz A. Skin mucus metabolites in response to physiological challenges: A valuable non-invasive method to study teleost marine species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1323-1335. [PMID: 30743845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge concerning the health and welfare of fish is important to conserve species diversity. Fish mucosal surfaces, and particularly the skin, are of utmost importance to protect the integrity and homeostasis of the body and to prevent skin infections by pathogens. We performed three trials simulating different environmental and anthropogenic challenges: fish capture (air exposure), bacterial infection and fasting, with the aim of evaluating epidermal mucus as a non-invasive target of studies in fish. In this initial approach, we selected three well-known marine species: meagre (Argyrosomus regius), European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) for our study. Mucus viscosity was measured in order to determine its rheological properties, and mucus metabolite (glucose, lactate, protein and cortisol) levels were analysed to establish their suitability as potential biomarkers. Skin mucus appeared as a viscous fluid exhibiting clearly non-Newtonian behaviour, with its viscosity being dependent on shear rate. The highest viscosity (p < 0.05) was observed in sea bream. Mucus metabolites composition responded to the different challenges. In particular, glucose increased significantly due to the air exposure challenge in meagre; and it decreased during food deprivation in sea bream by a half (p < 0.05). In contrast, mucus protein only decreased significantly after pathogenic bacterial infection in sea bass. In addition, mucus lactate immediately reflected changes closely related to an anaerobic condition; whereas cortisol was only modified by air exposure, doubling its mucus concentration (p < 0.05). The data provided herein demonstrate that mucus metabolites can be considered as good non-invasive biomarkers for evaluating fish physiological responses; with the glucose/protein ratio being the most valuable and reliable parameter. Determining these skin mucus metabolites and ratios will be very useful when studying the condition of critically threatened species whose conservation status prohibits the killing of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ordóñez-Grande
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA-SCR; Unitat de CultiusAqüícoles, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
| | - Marcelino Herrera
- IFAPA Centro Agua del Pino, Ctra. El Rompido - Punta Umbría, 21459 Cartaya, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Weeks R, Adams VM. Research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in Oceania's small-island developing states. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:72-83. [PMID: 28585338 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For conservation science to effectively inform management, research must focus on creating the scientific knowledge required to solve conservation problems. We identified research questions that, if answered, would increase the effectiveness of conservation and natural resource management practice and policy in Oceania's small-island developing states. We asked conservation professionals from academia, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations across the region to propose such questions and then identify which were of high priority in an online survey. We compared the high-priority questions with research questions identified globally and for other regions. Of 270 questions proposed by respondents, 38 were considered high priority, including: What are the highest priority areas for conservation in the face of increasing resource demand and climate change? How should marine protected areas be networked to account for connectivity and climate change? What are the most effective fisheries management policies that contribute to sustainable coral reef fisheries? High-priority questions related to the particular challenges of undertaking conservation on small-island developing states and the need for a research agenda that is responsive to the sociocultural context of Oceania. Research priorities for Oceania relative to elsewhere were broadly similar but differed in specific issues relevant to particular conservation contexts. These differences emphasize the importance of involving local practitioners in the identification of research priorities. Priorities were reasonably well aligned among sectoral groups. Only a few questions were widely considered answered, which may indicate a smaller-than-expected knowledge-action gap. We believe these questions can be used to strengthen research collaborations between scientists and practitioners working to further conservation and natural resource management in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weeks
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - V M Adams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Antwis RE, Griffiths SM, Harrison XA, Aranega-Bou P, Arce A, Bettridge AS, Brailsford FL, de Menezes A, Devaynes A, Forbes KM, Fry EL, Goodhead I, Haskell E, Heys C, James C, Johnston SR, Lewis GR, Lewis Z, Macey MC, McCarthy A, McDonald JE, Mejia-Florez NL, O'Brien D, Orland C, Pautasso M, Reid WDK, Robinson HA, Wilson K, Sutherland WJ. Fifty important research questions in microbial ecology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3098413. [PMID: 28379446 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecology provides insights into the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of microbial communities underpinning every ecosystem on Earth. Microbial communities can now be investigated in unprecedented detail, although there is still a wealth of open questions to be tackled. Here we identify 50 research questions of fundamental importance to the science or application of microbial ecology, with the intention of summarising the field and bringing focus to new research avenues. Questions are categorised into seven themes: host-microbiome interactions; health and infectious diseases; human health and food security; microbial ecology in a changing world; environmental processes; functional diversity; and evolutionary processes. Many questions recognise that microbes provide an extraordinary array of functional diversity that can be harnessed to solve real-world problems. Our limited knowledge of spatial and temporal variation in microbial diversity and function is also reflected, as is the need to integrate micro- and macro-ecological concepts, and knowledge derived from studies with humans and other diverse organisms. Although not exhaustive, the questions presented are intended to stimulate discussion and provide focus for researchers, funders and policy makers, informing the future research agenda in microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Antwis
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Sarah M Griffiths
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Paz Aranega-Bou
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Andres Arce
- Silwood Park, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aimee S Bettridge
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Francesca L Brailsford
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Alexandre de Menezes
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Andrew Devaynes
- Biosciences, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Kristian M Forbes
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ian Goodhead
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Erin Haskell
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chloe Heys
- Institute of Integrative Biology/School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Chloe James
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Sarah R Johnston
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Gillian R Lewis
- Biosciences, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Zenobia Lewis
- Institute of Integrative Biology/School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Michael C Macey
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Alan McCarthy
- Institute of Integrative Biology/School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | | | | | - Chloé Orland
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Marco Pautasso
- Animal and Plant Health Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - William D K Reid
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Heather A Robinson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YW, UK
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1TN, UK
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Davis KL, Coleman MA, Connell SD, Russell BD, Gillanders BM, Kelaher BP. Ecological performance of construction materials subject to ocean climate change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 131:177-182. [PMID: 28988853 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial structures will be increasingly utilized to protect coastal infrastructure from sea-level rise and storms associated with climate change. Although it is well documented that the materials comprising artificial structures influence the composition of organisms that use them as habitat, little is known about how these materials may chemically react with changing seawater conditions, and what effects this will have on associated biota. We investigated the effects of ocean warming, acidification, and type of coastal infrastructure material on algal turfs. Seawater acidification resulted in greater covers of turf, though this effect was counteracted by elevated temperatures. Concrete supported a greater cover of turf than granite or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) under all temperature and pH treatments, with the greatest covers occurring under simulated ocean acidification. Furthermore, photosynthetic efficiency under acidification was greater on concrete substratum compared to all other materials and treatment combinations. These results demonstrate the capacity to maximise ecological benefits whilst still meeting local management objectives when engineering coastal defense structures by selecting materials that are appropriate in an ocean change context. Therefore, mitigation efforts to offset impacts from sea-level rise and storms can also be engineered to alter, or even reduce, the effects of climatic change on biological assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L Davis
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia; New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bayden D Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bronwyn M Gillanders
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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Coleman MA, Cetina-Heredia P, Roughan M, Feng M, van Sebille E, Kelaher BP. Anticipating changes to future connectivity within a network of marine protected areas. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3533-3542. [PMID: 28122402 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continental boundary currents are projected to be altered under future scenarios of climate change. As these currents often influence dispersal and connectivity among populations of many marine organisms, changes to boundary currents may have dramatic implications for population persistence. Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) often aim to maintain connectivity, but anticipation of the scale and extent of climatic impacts on connectivity are required to achieve this critical conservation goal in a future of climate change. For two key marine species (kelp and sea urchins), we use oceanographic modelling to predict how continental boundary currents are likely to change connectivity among a network of MPAs spanning over 1000 km of coastline off the coast of eastern Australia. Overall change in predicted connectivity among pairs of MPAs within the network did not change significantly over and above temporal variation within climatic scenarios, highlighting the need for future studies to incorporate temporal variation in dispersal to robustly anticipate likely change. However, the intricacies of connectivity between different pairs of MPAs were noteworthy. For kelp, poleward connectivity among pairs of MPAs tended to increase in the future, whereas equatorward connectivity tended to decrease. In contrast, for sea urchins, connectivity among pairs of MPAs generally decreased in both directions. Self-seeding within higher-latitude MPAs tended to increase, and the role of low-latitude MPAs as a sink for urchins changed significantly in contrasting ways. These projected changes have the potential to alter important genetic parameters with implications for adaptation and ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. Considering such changes, in the context of managing and designing MPA networks, may ensure that conservation goals are achieved into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Paulina Cetina-Heredia
- Regional and Coastal Oceanography Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Moninya Roughan
- Regional and Coastal Oceanography Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Ming Feng
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, M097, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Erik van Sebille
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Grantham Institute & Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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24
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Addison PFE, Flander LB, Cook CN. Towards quantitative condition assessment of biodiversity outcomes: Insights from Australian marine protected areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:183-191. [PMID: 28460325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protected area management effectiveness (PAME) evaluation is increasingly undertaken to evaluate governance, assess conservation outcomes and inform evidence-based management of protected areas (PAs). Within PAME, quantitative approaches to assess biodiversity outcomes are now emerging, where biological monitoring data are directly assessed against quantitative (numerically defined) condition categories (termed quantitative condition assessments). However, more commonly qualitative condition assessments are employed in PAME, which use descriptive condition categories and are evaluated largely with expert judgement that can be subject to a range of biases, such as linguistic uncertainty and overconfidence. Despite the benefits of increased transparency and repeatability of evaluations, quantitative condition assessments are rarely used in PAME. To understand why, we interviewed practitioners from all Australian marine protected area (MPA) networks, which have access to long-term biological monitoring data and are developing or conducting PAME evaluations. Our research revealed that there is a desire within management agencies to implement quantitative condition assessment of biodiversity outcomes in Australian MPAs. However, practitioners report many challenges in transitioning from undertaking qualitative to quantitative condition assessments of biodiversity outcomes, which are hampering progress. Challenges include a lack of agency capacity (staff numbers and money), knowledge gaps, and diminishing public and political support for PAs. We point to opportunities to target strategies that will assist agencies overcome these challenges, including new decision support tools, approaches to better finance conservation efforts, and to promote more management relevant science. While a single solution is unlikely to achieve full evidence-based conservation, we suggest ways for agencies to target strategies and advance PAME evaluations toward best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue F E Addison
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Louisa B Flander
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Carly N Cook
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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25
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Armstrong CG, Shoemaker AC, McKechnie I, Ekblom A, Szabó P, Lane PJ, McAlvay AC, Boles OJ, Walshaw S, Petek N, Gibbons KS, Quintana Morales E, Anderson EN, Ibragimow A, Podruczny G, Vamosi JC, Marks-Block T, LeCompte JK, Awâsis S, Nabess C, Sinclair P, Crumley CL. Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171883. [PMID: 28235093 PMCID: PMC5325225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna C. Shoemaker
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iain McKechnie
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anneli Ekblom
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Péter Szabó
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J. Lane
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alex C. McAlvay
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Oliver J. Boles
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Walshaw
- Department of History, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nik Petek
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin S. Gibbons
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Eugene N. Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Ibragimow
- Polish-German Research Institute, Adams Mickiewicz University in Poznań, European University, Viadrina, Poland/Germany
| | - Grzegorz Podruczny
- Polish-German Research Institute, Adams Mickiewicz University in Poznań, European University, Viadrina, Poland/Germany
| | - Jana C. Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tony Marks-Block
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sākihitowin Awâsis
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Atlohsa Native Family Healing Services, Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly Nabess
- Department of Anthropology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Sinclair
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carole L. Crumley
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Integrated History of Future of People on Earth (IHOPE) Initiative, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Willsteed E, Gill AB, Birchenough SNR, Jude S. Assessing the cumulative environmental effects of marine renewable energy developments: Establishing common ground. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:19-32. [PMID: 27817927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing and managing the cumulative impacts of human activities on the environment remains a major challenge to sustainable development. This challenge is highlighted by the worldwide expansion of marine renewable energy developments (MREDs) in areas already subject to multiple activities and climate change. Cumulative effects assessments in theory provide decision makers with adequate information about how the environment will respond to the incremental effects of licensed activities and are a legal requirement in many nations. In practise, however, such assessments are beset by uncertainties resulting in substantial delays during the licensing process that reduce MRED investor confidence and limit progress towards meeting climate change targets. In light of these targets and ambitions to manage the marine environment sustainably, reducing the uncertainty surrounding MRED effects and cumulative effects assessment are timely and vital. This review investigates the origins and evolution of cumulative effects assessment to identify why the multitude of approaches and pertinent research have emerged, and discusses key considerations and challenges relevant to assessing the cumulative effects of MREDs and other activities on ecosystems. The review recommends a shift away from the current reliance on disparate environmental impact assessments and limited strategic environmental assessments, and a move towards establishing a common system of coordinated data and research relative to ecologically meaningful areas, focussed on the needs of decision makers tasked with protecting and conserving marine ecosystems and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Willsteed
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds MK43 0AL, UK; Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Andrew B Gill
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds MK43 0AL, UK.
| | | | - Simon Jude
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds MK43 0AL, UK.
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27
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Walker-Springett K, Jefferson R, Böck K, Breckwoldt A, Comby E, Cottet M, Hübner G, Le Lay YF, Shaw S, Wyles K. Ways forward for aquatic conservation: Applications of environmental psychology to support management objectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 166:525-36. [PMID: 26599566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The success or failure of environmental management goals can be partially attributed to the support for such goals from the public. Despite this, environmental management is still dominated by a natural science approach with little input from disciplines that are concerned with the relationship between humans and the natural environment such as environmental psychology. Within the marine and freshwater environments, this is particularly concerning given the cultural and aesthetic significance of these environments to the public, coupled with the services delivered by freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to human-driven environmental perturbations. This paper documents nine case studies which use environmental psychology methods to support a range of aquatic management goals. Examples include understanding the drivers of public attitudes towards ecologically important but uncharismatic river species, impacts of marine litter on human well-being, efficacy of small-scale governance of tropical marine fisheries and the role of media in shaping attitudes towards. These case studies illustrate how environmental psychology and natural sciences can be used together to apply an interdisciplinary approach to the management of aquatic environments. Such an approach that actively takes into account the range of issues surrounding aquatic environment management is more likely to result in successful outcomes, from both human and environmental perspectives. Furthermore, the results illustrate that better understanding the societal importance of aquatic ecosystems can reduce conflict between social needs and ecological objectives, and help improve the governance of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, this paper concludes that an effective relationship between academics and practitioners requires fully utilising the skills, knowledge and experience from both sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Walker-Springett
- Understanding Risk Research Group, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Rebecca Jefferson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK; Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Kerstin Böck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Emeline Comby
- CNRS UMR 5600 Environnement, Ville, Société, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, 15 Parvis René Descartes, BP 7000, 69342 Lyon CEDEX 07, France.
| | - Marylise Cottet
- CNRS UMR 5600 Environnement, Ville, Société, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, 15 Parvis René Descartes, BP 7000, 69342 Lyon CEDEX 07, France.
| | - Gundula Hübner
- Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yves-François Le Lay
- CNRS UMR 5600 Environnement, Ville, Société, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, 15 Parvis René Descartes, BP 7000, 69342 Lyon CEDEX 07, France.
| | - Sylvie Shaw
- School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kayleigh Wyles
- School of Psychology, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
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28
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Rudd MA. Pathways from marine protected area design and management to ecological success. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1424. [PMID: 26644975 PMCID: PMC4671168 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an international dataset compiled from 121 sites in 87 marine protected areas (MPAs) globally (Edgar et al., 2014), I assessed how various configurations of design and management conditions affected MPA ecological performance, measured in terms of fish species richness and biomass. The set-theoretic approach used Boolean algebra to identify pathways that combined up to five ‘NEOLI’ (No-take, Enforced, Old, Large, Isolated) conditions and that were sufficient for achieving positive, and negative, ecological outcomes. Ecological isolation was overwhelming the most important condition affecting ecological outcomes but Old and Large were also conditions important for achieving high levels of biomass among large fishes (jacks, groupers, sharks). Solution coverage was uniformly low (<0.35) for all models of positive ecological performance suggesting the presence of numerous other conditions and pathways to ecological success that did not involve the NEOLI conditions. Solution coverage was higher (>0.50) for negative results (i.e., the absence of high biomass) among the large commercially-exploited fishes, implying asymmetries in how MPAs may rebuild populations on the one hand and, on the other, protect against further decline. The results revealed complex interactions involving MPA design, implementation, and management conditions that affect MPA ecological performance. In general terms, the presence of no-take regulations and effective enforcement were insufficient to ensure MPA effectiveness on their own. Given the central role of ecological isolation in securing ecological benefits from MPAs, site selection in the design phase appears critical for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray A Rudd
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , United States
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Mihók B, Kovács E, Balázs B, Pataki G, Ambrus A, Bartha D, Czirák Z, Csányi S, Csépányi P, Csőszi M, Dudás G, Egri C, Erős T, Gőri S, Halmos G, Kopek A, Margóczi K, Miklay G, Milon L, Podmaniczky L, Sárvári J, Schmidt A, Sipos K, Siposs V, Standovár T, Szigetvári C, Szemethy L, Tóth B, Tóth L, Tóth P, Török K, Török P, Vadász C, Varga I, Sutherland WJ, Báldi A. Bridging the research-practice gap: Conservation research priorities in a Central and Eastern European country. J Nat Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Costello MJ, Vanhoorne B, Appeltans W. Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy, data publication, and collaborative infrastructures. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1094-1099. [PMID: 25858475 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. "Data-sharing" should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long-term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Costello
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Post Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart Vanhoorne
- Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai 7, Ostend, 8400, Belgium
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Ocean Biogeographic Information System, IODE, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Wandelaarkaai 7/61, Ostend, 8400, Belgium
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31
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Parsons ECM, Baulch S, Bechshoft T, Bellazzi G, Bouchet P, Cosentino AM, Godard-Codding CAJ, Gulland F, Hoffmann-Kuhnt M, Hoyt E, Livermore S, MacLeod CD, Matrai E, Munger L, Ochiai M, Peyman A, Recalde-Salas A, Regnery R, Rojas-Bracho L, Salgado-Kent CP, Slooten E, Wang JY, Wilson SC, Wright AJ, Young S, Zwamborn E, Sutherland WJ. Key research questions of global importance for cetacean conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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