1
|
Bergmark P, Hjältén J, Svensson J, Neumann W, Hekkala AM. Trait-environment interactions of saproxylic beetles as a guide to biodiversity conservation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121080. [PMID: 38733839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Conservation of biodiversity requires in-depth knowledge of trait-environment interactions to understand the influence the environment has on species assemblages. Saproxylic beetles exhibit a wide range of traits and functions in the forest ecosystems. Understanding their responses to surrounding environment thus improves our capacity to identify habitats that should be restored or protected. We investigated potential interactions between ecological traits in saproxylic beetles (feeding guilds and habitat preferences) and environmental variables (deadwood, type and age of surrounding forest). We sampled beetles from 78 plots containing newly created high stumps of Scots pine and Silver birch in boreal forest landscapes in Sweden for three consecutive years. Using a model based approach, our aim was to explore potential interactions between ecological traits and the surrounding environment at close and distant scale (20 m and 500 m radius). We found that broadleaf-preferring beetle species are positively associated with the local broadleaf-originated deadwood and broadleaf-rich forests in the surrounding landscapes. Conifer-preferring species are positively associated with the local amount of coniferous deadwood and young and old forests in the surrounding landscape. Fungivorous and predatory beetles are positively associated with old forests in the surrounding landscapes. Our results indicate that both local amounts of deadwood and types of forests in the landscape are important in shaping saproxylic beetle communities. We particularly highlight the need to increase deadwood amounts of various qualities in the landscape, exempt older forests from production and to increase broadleaf-rich habitats in order to meet different beetle species' habitat requirements. Trait responses among saproxylic beetles provide insights into the significance of broadleaf forest and dead wood as essential attributes in boreal forest restoration, which helps conservation planning and management in forest landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bergmark
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Hjältén
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Wiebke Neumann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anne-Maarit Hekkala
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou JY, Cadotte MW, Bässler C, Brandl R, Baldrian P, Borken W, Stengel E, Luo YH, Müller J, Seibold S. Wood decomposition is increased by insect diversity, selection effects, and interactions between insects and microbes. Ecology 2023; 104:e4184. [PMID: 37787980 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity drives ecosystem processes, but its influence on deadwood decomposition is poorly understood. To test the effects of insect diversity on wood decomposition, we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating the species richness and functional diversity of beetles. We applied a novel approach using computed tomography scanning to quantify decomposition by insects and recorded fungal and bacterial communities. Decomposition rates increased with both species richness and functional diversity of beetles, but the effects of functional diversity were linked to beetle biomass, and to the presence of one large-bodied species in particular. This suggests that mechanisms behind observed biodiversity effects are the selection effect, which is linked to the occurrence probability of large species, and the complementarity effect, which is driven by functional differentiation among species. Additionally, beetles had significant indirect effects on wood decomposition via bacterial diversity, fungal community composition, and fungal biomass. Our experiment shows that wood decomposition is driven by beetle diversity and its interactions with bacteria and fungi. This highlights that both insect and microbial biodiversity are critical to maintaining ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yun Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Ecology of Fungi, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisa Stengel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burner RC, Stephan JG, Drag L, Potterf M, Birkemoe T, Siitonen J, Müller J, Ovaskainen O, Sverdrup‐Thygeson A, Snäll T. Alternative measures of trait-niche relationships: A test on dispersal traits in saproxylic beetles. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10588. [PMID: 37869428 PMCID: PMC10585442 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait approaches are common in ecology, but a lack of clear hypotheses on how traits relate to environmental gradients (i.e., trait-niche relationships) often makes uncovering mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, measures of community functional structure differ in their implications, yet inferences are seldom compared among metrics. Community-weighted mean trait values (CWMs), a common measure, are largely driven by the most common species and thus do not reflect community-wide trait-niche relationships per se. Alternatively, trait-niche relationships can be estimated across a larger group of species using hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), quantified by a parameter Γ. We investigated how inferences about trait-niche relationships are affected by the choice of metric. Using deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles in fragmented Finnish forests, we followed a protocol for investigating trait-niche relationships by (1) identifying environmental filters (climate, forest age, and deadwood volume), (2) relating these to an ecological function (dispersal ability), and (3) identifying traits related to this function (wing morphology). We tested 18 hypothesized dispersal relationships using both CWM and Γ estimates across these environmental gradients. CWMs were more likely than Γ to show support for trait-niche relationships. Up to 13% of species' realized niches were explained by dispersal traits, but the directions of effects were consistent with fewer than 11%-39% of our 18 trait-niche hypotheses (depending on the metric used). This highlights the difficulty in connecting morphological traits and ecological functions in insects, despite the clear conceptual link between landscape connectivity and flight-related traits. Caution is thus warranted in hypothesis development, particularly where apparent trait-function links are less clear. Inferences differ when CWMs versus Γ estimates are used, necessitating the choice of a metric that reflects study questions. CWMs help explain the effects of environmental gradients on community trait composition, whereas the effects of traits on species' niches are better estimated using hierarchical JSDMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Burner
- U.S. Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterLa CrosseWisconsinUSA
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- SLU Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Lukas Drag
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Mária Potterf
- Department of Life Science SystemsTechnical University of MunichFreisingBavariaGermany
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Juha Siitonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
- Bavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Tord Snäll
- SLU Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitali F, Habel JC, Ulrich W, Schmitt T. Global change drives phenological and spatial shifts in Central European longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) during the past 150 years. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05417-7. [PMID: 37486412 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature increases and land-use changes induce altered annual activity periods of arthropods. However, sufficiently resolved long-term data sets (> 100 years) are mostly missing. We use a data set of longhorn beetle records (71 species) collected in Luxembourg 1864-2014. Increase of annual temperatures was significantly correlated with an earlier annual appearance. Forty-four species present before and after 1980 appeared on average 8.2 days earlier in the year in the more recent period. Since 1950, the estimated shift was 0.26 days per year. Increase of temperature in spring (March-June) preponed the first appearance of beetles by on average 9.6 days per 1 °C. We found significant changes in the composition of beetle communities, with a net gain in species richness during the last 40 years. Eleven species recorded only after 1997 were characterized by comparatively early annual appearance. Smaller beetles tended to appear earlier in the year in comparison to large-bodied species. Shifts in phenology did not correlate with species Red List status. As also demonstrated by our data, climate change in general affects insect phenologies and changes species composition. However, land-use change has taken place in parallel with climate change. Both aspects of global change are influencing the changes in longhorn beetle occurrences in Luxemburg in their combination. This might be most clearly reflected in the strong decrease of species with continental climate niches dwelling in old-growth deciduous forests that apparently are threatened by the loss of these habitats and increasing spring temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vitali
- National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg, Rue Münster 24, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
- Entomology and Biogeography, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiu CH, Chao A, Vogel S, Kriegel P, Thorn S. Quantifying and estimating ecological network diversity based on incomplete sampling data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220183. [PMID: 37246386 PMCID: PMC10225855 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecological network refers to the ecological interactions among sets of species. Quantification of ecological network diversity and related sampling/estimation challenges have explicit analogues in species diversity research. A unified framework based on Hill numbers and their generalizations was developed to quantify taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Drawing on this unified framework, we propose three dimensions of network diversity that incorporate the frequency (or strength) of interactions, species phylogenies and traits. As with surveys in species inventories, nearly all network studies are based on sampling data and thus also suffer from under-sampling effects. Adapting the sampling/estimation theory and the iNEXT (interpolation/extrapolation) standardization developed for species diversity research, we propose the iNEXT.link method to analyse network sampling data. The proposed method integrates the following four inference procedures: (i) assessment of sample completeness of networks; (ii) asymptotic analysis via estimating the true network diversity; (iii) non-asymptotic analysis based on standardizing sample completeness via rarefaction and extrapolation with network diversity; and (iv) estimation of the degree of unevenness or specialization in networks based on standardized diversity. Interaction data between European trees and saproxylic beetles are used to illustrate the proposed procedures. The software iNEXT.link has been developed to facilitate all computations and graphics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Biodiversitätszentrum Rhön, Marktplatz 11, 97653 Bischofsheim i.d.R., Germany
| | - Peter Kriegel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Europastraße 10, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lunde LF, Boddy L, Sverdrup-Thygeson A, Jacobsen RM, Kauserud H, Birkemoe T. Beetles provide directed dispersal of viable spores of a keystone wood decay fungus. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
|
7
|
Staab M, Gossner MM, Simons NK, Achury R, Ambarlı D, Bae S, Schall P, Weisser WW, Blüthgen N. Insect decline in forests depends on species' traits and may be mitigated by management. Commun Biol 2023; 6:338. [PMID: 37016087 PMCID: PMC10073207 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are declining, but the underlying drivers and differences in responses between species are still largely unclear. Despite the importance of forests, insect trends therein have received little attention. Using 10 years of standardized data (120,996 individuals; 1,805 species) from 140 sites in Germany, we show that declines occurred in most sites and species across trophic groups. In particular, declines (quantified as the correlation between year and the respective community response) were more consistent in sites with many non-native trees or a large amount of timber harvested before the onset of sampling. Correlations at the species level depended on species' life-history. Larger species, more abundant species, and species of higher trophic level declined most, while herbivores increased. This suggests potential shifts in food webs possibly affecting ecosystem functioning. A targeted management, including promoting more natural tree species composition and partially reduced harvesting, can contribute to mitigating declines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rafael Achury
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Didem Ambarlı
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Soyeon Bae
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Müller J, Mitesser O, Cadotte MW, van der Plas F, Mori AS, Ammer C, Chao A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Biedermann P, Cesarz S, Claßen A, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Kuenzer C, Peters MK, Pierick K, Schmitt T, Schuldt B, Seidel D, Six D, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thorn S, von Oheimb G, Wegmann M, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches-A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1437-1450. [PMID: 36579623 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch β-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, we present a novel concept and experimental framework for elucidating BEF patterns at α-, β-, and γ-scales in real landscapes at a forest management-relevant scale. We examine this framework using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated by Fagus sylvatica. In 11 of these forests, we manipulated the structure between forest patches by increasing variation in canopy cover and deadwood. We hypothesized that an increase in landscape heterogeneity would enhance the β-diversity of different trophic levels, as well as the β-functionality of various ecosystem functions. We will develop a new statistical framework for BEF studies extending across scales and incorporating biodiversity measures from taxonomic to functional to phylogenetic diversity using Hill numbers. We will further expand the Hill number concept to multifunctionality allowing the decomposition of γ-multifunctionality into α- and β-components. Combining this analytic framework with our experimental data will allow us to test how an increase in between patch heterogeneity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality across spatial scales and trophic levels to help inform and improve forest resilience under climate change. Such an integrative concept for biodiversity and functionality, including spatial scales and multiple aspects of diversity and multifunctionality as well as physical and environmental structure in forests, will go far beyond the current widely applied approach in forestry to increase resilience of future forests through the manipulation of tree species composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | | | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alice Claßen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kuenzer
- German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Department of Botany II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, State Institute for the Protection of Birds, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Professur für Biodiversität und Naturschutz, Technische Universität Dresden, FR Forstwissenschaften, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schleuning M, García D, Tobias JA. Animal functional traits: Towards a trait‐based ecology for whole ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Daniel García
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Universidad de Oviedo) and Instituto Mixto de Investigación en Biodiversidad (Universidad de Oviedo‐CSIC‐Principado de Asturias) Oviedo Spain
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Ascot UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chowdhury S, Jennions MD, Zalucki MP, Maron M, Watson JEM, Fuller RA. Protected areas and the future of insect conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:85-95. [PMID: 36208964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are driving insect declines across the world. Although protected areas (PAs) play a prominent role in safeguarding many vertebrate species from human-induced threats, insects are not widely considered when designing PA systems or building strategies for PA management. We review the effectiveness of PAs for insect conservation and find substantial taxonomic and geographic gaps in knowledge. Most research focuses on the representation of species, and few studies assess threats to insects or the role that effective PA management can play in insect conservation. We propose a four-step research agenda to help ensure that insects are central in efforts to expand the global PA network under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawan Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Ecosystem Services, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martine Maron
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Franke S, Pinkert S, Brandl R, Thorn S. Modeling the extinction risk of European butterflies and odonates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9465. [PMID: 36381396 PMCID: PMC9643075 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect populations have become increasingly threatened during the last decades due to climate change and landuse intensification. Species characteristics driving these threats remain poorly understood. Trait‐based analyses provide a straight‐forward approach to gain a mechanistic understanding of species' extinction risk, guiding the development of conservation strategies. We combined morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship for 332 European species of butterflies and 115 species of odonates (dragon and damselflies) to model their red list status via phylogenetically controlled ordered logistic regression. We hypothesized that extinction risk increases with increasing body volume and wing area, decreasing range size, and is larger for brighter species. All investigated traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal. When controlling for phylogenetic relationship, we found that extinction risk of butterflies increased with decreasing range size. The extinction risk of odonates showed no relationship with the selected traits. Our results show that there is no universal trait defining the extinction risk of our investigated insect taxa. Furthermore, evolutionary history, measured as the phylogenetically predicted part of our analyzed traits, poorly predicted extinction risk. Our study confirms the focus of conservation measures on European butterfly species with small range sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Franke
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Stefan Pinkert
- Department of Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology State Institute for the Protection of Birds Gießen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vergara PM, Fierro A, Carvajal MA, Alaniz AJ, Quiroz M. Multiple environmental drivers for the Patagonian forest-dwelling beetles: Contrasting functional and taxonomic responses across strata and trophic guilds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155906. [PMID: 35580677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest disturbances modify microhabitats along the different vertical strata, triggering structural and functional changes in forest-dwelling beetle communities. However, the effects of multiple environmental factors can be complex to detect in ecosystems that offer a broad variety of microhabitats for a great variety of beetle species. This is the case in Patagonian temperate forests, where the use of remote sensing provides an opportunity to evaluate the sensitivity of beetle species to environmental changes. Here, we identified the environmental drivers of forest-dwelling beetle communities in the ground and canopy of 34 north Patagonian-forest landscapes. We analyzed the associations of the taxonomic and functional diversity of five trophic guilds with 30 remote-sensing variables of landscape structure, composition, and disturbances; vegetation and soil properties; and climate and physical variables. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify trophic guilds responding similarly to predictors. Segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate functional redundancy from taxonomic-functional richness relationships. A total of 583 species (23,848 individuals) of beetles were recorded for both strata. The effects of environmental variables were heterogeneous across strata and guilds. Canopy beetles were especially sensitive to early successional conditions, and canopy attributes, but also benefited from the canopy openness. Forest specialists of the ground and canopy responded differently to environmental variables. Ground-dwelling beetles were mostly affected by fires, human modifications, edge closeness, high temperatures, and soil properties, responding weakly to canopy properties. Functional redundancy varied weakly along environmental gradients, being more likely in local communities of ground-dwelling beetles mostly composed of species with overlapping functional roles. Contrasting environmental responses between ground and canopy beetles, as well as among beetles of different trophic guilds, should arise from microhabitats that vary across strata and interact differently with response traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Vergara
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrés Fierro
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto J Alaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente, Ecogeografía, Santiago, Chile
| | - Madelaine Quiroz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Staab M, Achury R, Ammer C, Ehbrecht M, Irmscher V, Mohr H, Schall P, Weisser WW, Blüthgen N. Negative effects of forest gaps on dung removal in a full‐factorial experiment. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:2113-2124. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rafael Achury
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land‐use University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Ehbrecht
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Veronika Irmscher
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hendrik Mohr
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palash A, Paul S, Resha SK, Khan MK. Body size and diet breadth drive local extinction risk in butterflies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10290. [PMID: 36046541 PMCID: PMC9421186 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are significant pollinators and ecosystem health indicators. Therefore, monitoring their diversity, distribution, and extinction risks are of critical importance. We aim to understand drivers of local extinction risks of the butterflies in Bangladesh. We conducted a systematic review to extract local extinction risks of the butterflies of Bangladesh, and possible drivers (e.g., body size and diet breadth) of their extinction. We tested whether body size, larval host plants and adult nectar plants contribute to the local extinction risks of butterflies. We predicted butterflies with larger body size and fewer host and nectar plants would be in greater extinction risk. We showed extinction risk is higher in larger butterflies than smaller butterflies, and in butterflies with fewer number of host and nectar plants than the butterflies with higher number host and nectar plants. Our study identifies body size and diet breadth as a potential driver of the local extinction of butterflies thereby suggesting larger conservation urgency for the larger butterflies with narrow diet breadth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Palash
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shatabdi Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Md Kawsar Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heritage Trees as an Important Sanctuary for Saproxylic Beetles in the Central European Landscape: A Case Study from Litovelské Pomoraví, Czech Republic. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intensive forest and agroforestry management has greatly reduced the biodiversity of saproxylic organisms. Large trees are one of the most important refuges of saproxylic beetles. These large trees that grow outside and inside the forest are declining in the wider landscape. Heritage trees are one of the essential groups of beneficial trees in the landscape. We investigated saproxylic beetles associated with 35 selected oak heritage trees in Litovelské Pomoraví in the eastern Czech Republic. The study aimed to investigate the distribution of saproxylic beetles on trees growing inside or at the edge of forest stands, or on free-growing heritage trees. The other studied variables were the height, DBH, and light condition (sunny or shady) of heritage trees. The results showed that sunny habitats were the only significant factor found for all saproxylic species. However, the significance of increasing tree trunk dimension was found for the endangered species. Diversity indices q = 0 (species richness) and q = 1 (exponential of Shannon entropy index) were also higher for sunny trees, while solitary trees showed a high Shannon index value despite the low number of samples. Redundancy analysis of saproxylic species showed that the preferred habitats of most species were sunny massive solitary oaks. The results indicated that strictly protected heritage trees scattered in the landscape are crucial sanctuaries for many species—especially in landscapes where there are not enough suitable habitats for saproxylic beetles. Finding, conserving, and protecting these rare types of massive trees in the landscape has a significant impact on the conservation of saproxylic beetle biodiversity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Small-scale spontaneous dynamics in temperate beech stands as an importance driver for beetle species richness. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11974. [PMID: 35831430 PMCID: PMC9279280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dynamics in forests play an important role in the lives of many species. In the landscape of managed forests, natural disturbances are reduced by management activities. This usually has a significant effect on insect diversity. The effect of small-scale natural dynamics of protected beech stands on the richness of saproxylic and non-saproxylic beetles was investigated. Sampling was carried out by using flight interception traps in the framework of comparing different developmental stages: optimum, disintegration, and growing up, each utilizing 10 samples. We recorded 290 species in total, of which 61% were saproxylic. The results showed that the highest species richness and thus abundance was in the disintegration stage. In each developmental stage, species variation was explained differently depending on the variable. Deadwood, microhabitats, and canopy openness were the main attributes in the later stages of development for saproxylic beetles. For non-saproxylics, variability was mostly explained by plant cover and canopy openness. Small-scale disturbances, undiminished by management activities, are an important element for biodiversity. They create more structurally diverse stands with a high supply of feeding and living habitats. In forestry practice, these conclusions can be imitated to the creation of small-scale silvicultural systems with active creation or retention of high stumps or lying logs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Busse A, Cizek L, Čížková P, Drag L, Dvorak V, Foit J, Heurich M, Hubený P, Kašák J, Kittler F, Kozel P, Lettenmaier L, Nigl L, Procházka J, Rothacher J, Straubinger C, Thorn S, Müller J. Forest dieback in a protected area triggers the return of the primeval forest specialist
Peltis grossa
(Coleoptera, Trogossitidae). CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Busse
- Department of Nature Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Lukas Cizek
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Čížková
- Správa Národního parku Šumava Vimperk Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Drag
- Ecological Research Station University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | | | - Jiří Foit
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management Mendel University in Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology Albert‐Ludwigs‐University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Pavel Hubený
- Správa Národního parku Šumava Vimperk Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kašák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management Mendel University in Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Florian Kittler
- Ecological‐Botanical Garden University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Petr Kozel
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Ludwig Lettenmaier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Ludwig Nigl
- Department of Nature Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Jiří Procházka
- Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Horticulture Brno Czech Republic
- Moravian Museum Brno Czech Republic
| | - Julia Rothacher
- Ecological Research Station University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Cornelia Straubinger
- Department of Nature Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Ecological Research Station University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Ecological Research Station University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Henneberg B, Bauer S, Birkenbach M, Mertl V, Steinbauer MJ, Feldhaar H, Obermaier E. Influence of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows in managed forests in a regional comparison. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17973-17999. [PMID: 35003651 PMCID: PMC8717277 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree hollows are among the rarest habitats in today's Central European managed forests but are considered key structures for high biodiversity in forests. To analyze and compare the effects of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on diversity of saproxylic beetles in tree hollows in differently structured managed forests, we examined between 41 and 50 tree hollows in beech trees in each of three state forest management districts in Germany. During the two-year study, we collected 283 saproxylic beetle species (5880 individuals; 22% threatened species), using emergence traps. At small spatial scales, the size of hollow entrance and the number of surrounding microhabitat structures positively influenced beetle diversity, while the stage of wood mould decomposition had a negative influence, across all three forest districts. We utilized forest inventory data to analyze the effects of forest structure in radii of 50-500 m around tree hollows on saproxylic beetle diversity in the hollows. At these larger spatial scales, the three forest management districts differed remarkably regarding the parameters that influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows. In Ebrach, characterized by mostly deciduous trees, the amount of dead wood positively influenced beetle diversity. In the mostly coniferous Fichtelberg forest district, with highly isolated tree hollows, in contrast, only the proportion of beech trees around the focal tree hollows showed a positive influence on beetle diversity. In Kelheim, characterized by mixed forest stands, there were no significant relationships between forest structure and beetle diversity in tree hollows. In this study, the same local tree hollow parameters influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in all three study regions, while parameters of forest structure at larger spatial scales differed in their importance, depending on tree-species composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Henneberg
- Department of Animal Ecology IBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical Garden of the University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Simon Bauer
- Ecological‐Botanical Garden of the University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Markus Birkenbach
- Ecological‐Botanical Garden of the University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Vanilla Mertl
- Ecological‐Botanical Garden of the University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Manuel J. Steinbauer
- Department of Sport EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology IBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kozel P, Sebek P, Platek M, Benes J, Zapletal M, Dvorsky M, Lanta V, Dolezal J, Bace R, Zbuzek B, Cizek L. Connectivity and succession of open structures as a key to sustaining light‐demanding biodiversity in deciduous forests. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kozel
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sebek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Michal Platek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Bile Karpaty Protected Landscape Area Administration Luhacovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Benes
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zapletal
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorsky
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Trebon Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Lanta
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Trebon Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Trebon Czech Republic
| | - Radek Bace
- Department of Forest Ecology Czech University of Life Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukas Cizek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Identification of Pheromone Components of Plagionotus detritus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Attraction of Conspecifics, Competitors, and Natural Enemies to the Pheromone Blend. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100899. [PMID: 34680668 PMCID: PMC8537793 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The longhorn beetle, Plagionotus detritus (L.), occurs throughout Europe and into the Middle East. Our principal aim was to identify the male-produced aggregation-sex attractant pheromone of this species. A pheromone-based monitoring system could support plant protection in areas where it might become a pest and natural conservation in areas where it is endangered. Headspace volatiles were collected from live beetles and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two components of the extracts that elicited responses from antennae of P. detritus, (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one were identified, (±)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one was purchased, and (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one was synthesized, and field-tested. The blend of the two components attracted both sexes of P. detritus in field bioassays. Unexpectedly, a predatory clerid beetle, Clerus mutillarius F., was also attracted by both of the synthetic compounds. Another longhorn beetle species, Xylotrechus antilope Schönh. was significantly attracted to traps baited with (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one alone or the blend containing this compound. These results show that the pheromone components and combinations play key roles in longhorn beetle life history and ecology, and the community of species in which they live. Abstract (1) Background: The principal aim of our work was to identify pheromone components for Plagionotus detritus (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which could be exploited for developing a pheromone-based monitoring system for the complementary purposes of plant protection in areas where it might become a pest, and natural conservation in areas where it is rare or endangered. (2) Methods: Collection and analysis of headspace volatiles were carried out with field-collected beetles. Bioactive volatile compounds identified [(R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one] from extracts of males were purchased [(±)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one], and synthesized [(S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one] and field-tested. Electroantennogram assays showed that antennae of the predatory beetle Clerus mutillarius F. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) also responded to the synthetic compounds. (3) Results: A two-component aggregation-sex pheromone consisting of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one was identified for P. detritus. (±)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one attracted adults of P. detritus in field bioassays. Adults of the clerid C. mutillarius also were attracted to both compounds. The cerambycid Xylotrechus antilope Schönh was significantly attracted to traps baited with (S)-2-hydroxyoctan-3-one alone or the blend containing this compound. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirmed that 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 2-hydroxyoctan-3-one are male-produced pheromone components for P. detritus. These results show that both intraspecific and interspecific communication may play key roles in longhorn beetle life history and ecology, with closely and more distantly related species eavesdropping on each other’s signals.
Collapse
|
21
|
Parisi F, Innangi M, Tognetti R, Lombardi F, Chirici G, Marchetti M. Forest stand structure and coarse woody debris determine the biodiversity of beetle communities in Mediterranean mountain beech forests. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
How to Increase Biodiversity of Saproxylic Beetles in Commercial Stands through Integrated Forest Management in Central Europe. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to traditional forest management, the primary goal of which is the production of raw wood material, commercial forest stands are characterized by low biodiversity. At the same time, commercial forests make up the majority of forests in the Central European region, which means a significant impact on the biodiversity of the entire large region. Saproxylic species of organisms are a frequently used criterion of biodiversity in forests. Based upon the analysis of 155 scientific works, this paper defines the fundamental attributes of the active management supporting biodiversity as well as the preservation of the production function. Using these attributes, a model management proposal was created for three tree species, which takes into account the results of research carried out in the territory of the University Forest Enterprise of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, since 2019. The optimum constant volume of deadwood in commercial stands was set at 40–60 m3/ha, 20% of which should be standing deadwood. The time framework is scheduled for an average rotation period of the model tree species, while the location of deadwood and frequency of enrichment must comply with the rate of decomposition, the requirement for the bulkiest dimensions of deadwood possible, and the planned time of tending and regeneration operations in accordance with the models used in the Czech Republic. The goal of active management is to maintain the continuity of suitable habitats for sensitive and endangered species. The estimates of the value of retained wood for decomposition can be as high as 45–70 EUR/ha/year for spruce and beech, and about 30 EUR /ha/year for oak.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vogel S, Prinzing A, Bußler H, Müller J, Schmidt S, Thorn S. Abundance, not diversity, of host beetle communities determines abundance and diversity of parasitoids in deadwood. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6881-6888. [PMID: 34141262 PMCID: PMC8207401 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most parasites and parasitoids are adapted to overcome defense mechanisms of their specific hosts and hence colonize a narrow range of host species. Accordingly, an increase in host functional or phylogenetic dissimilarity is expected to increase the species diversity of parasitoids. However, the local diversity of parasitoids may be driven by the accessibility and detectability of hosts, both increasing with increasing host abundance. Yet, the relative importance of these two mechanisms remains unclear. We parallelly reared communities of saproxylic beetle as potential hosts and associated parasitoid Hymenoptera from experimentally felled trees. The dissimilarity of beetle communities was inferred from distances in seven functional traits and from their evolutionary ancestry. We tested the effect of host abundance, species richness, functional, and phylogenetic dissimilarities on the abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of parasitoids. Our results showed an increase of abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of parasitoids with increasing beetle abundance. Additionally, abundance of parasitoids increased with increasing species richness of beetles. However, functional and phylogenetic dissimilarity showed no effect on the diversity of parasitoids. Our results suggest that the local diversity of parasitoids, of ephemeral and hidden resources like saproxylic beetles, is highest when resources are abundant and thereby detectable and accessible. Hence, in some cases, resources do not need to be diverse to promote parasitoid diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III)Field Station FabrikschleichachJulius Maximilians University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit “Ecosystèmes Biodiversité, Evolution” («UMR 6553»)Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversity Rennes 1RennesFrance
| | - Heinz Bußler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III)Field Station FabrikschleichachJulius Maximilians University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III)Field Station FabrikschleichachJulius Maximilians University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | | | - Simon Thorn
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III)Field Station FabrikschleichachJulius Maximilians University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hagge J, Müller J, Birkemoe T, Buse J, Christensen RHB, Gossner MM, Gruppe A, Heibl C, Jarzabek-Müller A, Seibold S, Siitonen J, Soutinho JG, Sverdrup-Thygeson A, Thorn S, Drag L. What does a threatened saproxylic beetle look like? Modelling extinction risk using a new morphological trait database. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1934-1947. [PMID: 33942309 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The extinction of species is a non-random process, and understanding why some species are more likely to go extinct than others is critical for conservation efforts. Functional trait-based approaches offer a promising tool to achieve this goal. In forests, deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles comprise a major part of threatened species, but analyses of their extinction risk have been hindered by the availability of suitable morphological traits. To better understand the mechanisms underlying extinction in insects, we investigated the relationships between morphological features and the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Specifically, we hypothesised that species darker in colour, with a larger and rounder body, a lower mobility, lower sensory perception and more robust mandibles are at higher risk. We first developed a protocol for morphological trait measurements and present a database of 37 traits for 1,157 European saproxylic beetle species. Based on 13 selected, independent traits characterising aspects of colour, body shape, locomotion, sensory perception and foraging, we used a proportional-odds multiple linear mixed-effects model to model the German Red List categories of 744 species as an ordinal index of extinction risk. Six out of 13 traits correlated significantly with extinction risk. Larger species as well as species with a broad and round body had a higher extinction risk than small, slim and flattened species. Species with short wings had a higher extinction risk than those with long wings. On the contrary, extinction risk increased with decreasing wing load and with higher mandibular aspect ratio (shorter and more robust mandibles). Our study provides new insights into how morphological traits, beyond the widely used body size, determine the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Moreover, our approach shows that the morphological characteristics of beetles can be comprehensively represented by a selection of 13 traits. We recommend them as a starting point for functional analyses in the rapidly growing field of ecological and conservation studies of deadwood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hagge
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Forest Nature Conservation, Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Münden, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany.,Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- The Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Jörn Buse
- Black Forest National Park, Freudenstadt, Germany
| | | | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Gruppe
- Chair of Zoology, Entomology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - Juha Siitonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson
- The Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Lukas Drag
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Insect Decline-A Forensic Issue? INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040324. [PMID: 33917358 PMCID: PMC8067358 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Numerous studies report a decline in insect biodiversity and biomass on a global scale. Since forensic entomology relies on the presence of insects, the question of whether this discipline will be or already is affected by such a decrease is not only posed to investigative authorities and the public, but also to the scientific community. While the data does indeed provide overwhelming evidence of insect decline, even if the methods of evaluation and data pooling are occasionally questioned, only a few studies deal with forensically relevant insects. These few data do hardly prove a decrease in forensically relevant insect species so far. However, one factor driving insect decline is likely to have also a strong influence on necrophagous insects in the future: climate change. Abstract Recent reports have shown a dramatic loss in insect species and biomass. Since forensic entomology relies on the presence of insects, the question is whether this decline effects the discipline. The present review confirms that numerous studies document insect population declines or even extinction, despite the fact that the rates of decline and the methods used to demonstrate it are still much debated. However, with regard to a decline in necrophagous insects, there is little or only anecdotal data available. A hypothetical decrease in species diversity and population density in necrophagous insects could lead to a delayed colonization of dead bodies and a modified succession pattern due to the disappearance or new occurrence of species or their altered seasonality. Climate change as one of the drivers of insect decline will probably also have an impact on necrophagous insects and forensic entomology, leading to reduced flight and oviposition activity, modified growth rates and, therefore, an over- or underestimation of a minimum postmortem interval. Global warming with increased temperature and extreme weather requires a better understanding about necrophagous insect responses to environmental variations. Here, transgeneration effects in particular should be analysed in greater depth as this will help to understand rapid adaptation and plasticity in insects of forensic importance.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wetherbee R, Birkemoe T, Burner RC, Sverdrup-Thygeson A. Veteran trees have divergent effects on beetle diversity and wood decomposition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248756. [PMID: 33735317 PMCID: PMC7971458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Veteran hollow trees are keystone structures in ecosystems and provide important habitat for a diverse set of organisms, many of which are involved in the process of decomposition. Since veteran trees are 'islands' of high biodiversity, they provide a unique system in which to study the relationship between biodiversity and decomposition of wood. We tested this relationship with a balanced experiential design, where we quantified the taxonomic and functional diversity of beetles directly involved in the process of decomposing wood, and measured the decomposition of experimentally added bundles of small diameter wood around 20 veteran trees and 20 nearby young trees in southern Norway. We found that the diversity (both taxonomic and functional) of wood-decomposing beetles was significantly higher around the veteran trees, and beetle communities around veteran trees consisted of species with a greater preference for larger diameter wood. We extracted few beetles from the experimentally added wood bundles, regardless of the tree type that they were placed near, but decomposition rates were significantly lower around veteran trees. We speculate that slower decomposition rates around veteran trees could have been a result of a greater diversity of competing fungi, which has been found to decrease decay rates. Veteran trees provide an ecological legacy within anthropogenic landscapes, enhance biodiversity and influence wood decomposition. Actions to protect veteran trees are urgently needed in order to save these valuable organisms and their associated biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Wetherbee
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ryan C. Burner
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rossa R, Goczał J. Global diversity and distribution of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1883129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rossa
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Goczał
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Doerfler I, Cadotte MW, Weisser WW, Müller J, Gossner MM, Heibl C, Bässler C, Thorn S, Seibold S. Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inken Doerfler
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Vegetation Science & Nature Conservation Institute of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biozentrum University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
- Department of Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Christoph Heibl
- Department of Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for Ecology, Evolution and DiversityGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biozentrum University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Burner RC, Birkemoe T, Olsen SL, Sverdrup‐Thygeson A. Sampling beetle communities: Trap design interacts with weather and species traits to bias capture rates. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14300-14308. [PMID: 33391716 PMCID: PMC7771183 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, many insect populations are declining, prompting calls for action. Yet these findings have also prompted discussion about sampling methods and interpretation of long-term datasets. As insect monitoring and research efforts increase, it is critical to quantify the effectiveness of sampling methods. This is especially true if sampling biases of different methods covary with climate, which is also changing over time. We assess the effectiveness of two types of flight intercept traps commonly used for beetles, a diverse insect group responsible for numerous ecosystem services, under different climatic conditions in Norwegian boreal forest. One of these trap designs includes a device to prevent rainwater from entering the collection vial, diluting preservatives and flushing out beetles. This design is compared to a standard trap. We ask how beetle capture rates vary between these traps, and how these differences vary based on precipitation levels and beetle body size, an important species trait. Bayesian mixed models reveal that the standard and modified traps differ in their beetle capture rates, but that the magnitude and direction of these differences change with precipitation levels and beetle body size. At low rainfall levels, standard traps catch more beetles, but as precipitation increases the catch rates of modified traps overtake those of standard traps. This effect is most pronounced for large-bodied beetles. Sampling methods are known to differ in their effectiveness. Here, we present evidence for a less well-known but likely common phenomenon-an interaction between climate and sampling, such that relative effectiveness of trap types for beetle sampling differs depending on precipitation levels and species traits. This highlights a challenge for long-term monitoring programs, where both climate and insect populations are changing. Sampling methods should be sought that eliminate climate interactions, any biases should be quantified, and all insect datasets should include detailed methodological metadata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Burner
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | | | - Anne Sverdrup‐Thygeson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knuff AK, Staab M, Frey J, Dormann CF, Asbeck T, Klein AM. Insect abundance in managed forests benefits from multi-layered vegetation. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
31
|
Detection of Standing Deadwood from Aerial Imagery Products: Two Methods for Addressing the Bare Ground Misclassification Issue. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Deadwood mapping is of high relevance for studies on forest biodiversity, forest disturbance, and dynamics. As deadwood predominantly occurs in forests characterized by a high structural complexity and rugged terrain, the use of remote sensing offers numerous advantages over terrestrial inventory. However, deadwood misclassifications can occur in the presence of bare ground, displaying a similar spectral signature. In this study, we tested the potential to detect standing deadwood (h > 5 m) using orthophotos (0.5 m resolution) and digital surface models (DSM) (1 m resolution), both derived from stereo aerial image matching (0.2 m resolution and 60%/30% overlap (end/side lap)). Models were calibrated in a 600 ha mountain forest area that was rich in deadwood in various stages of decay. We employed random forest (RF) classification, followed by two approaches for addressing the deadwood-bare ground misclassification issue: (1) post-processing, with a mean neighborhood filter for “deadwood”-pixels and filtering out isolated pixels and (2) a “deadwood-uncertainty” filter, quantifying the probability of a “deadwood”-pixel to be correctly classified as a function of the environmental and spectral conditions in its neighborhood. RF model validation based on data partitioning delivered high user’s (UA) and producer’s (PA) accuracies (both > 0.9). Independent validation, however, revealed a high commission error for deadwood, mainly in areas with bare ground (UA = 0.60, PA = 0.87). Post-processing (1) and the application of the uncertainty filter (2) improved the distinction between deadwood and bare ground and led to a more balanced relation between UA and PA (UA of 0.69 and 0.74, PA of 0.79 and 0.80, under (1) and (2), respectively). Deadwood-pixels showed 90% location agreement with manually delineated reference to deadwood objects. With both alternative solutions, deadwood mapping achieved reliable results and the highest accuracies were obtained with deadwood-uncertainty filter. Since the information on surface heights was crucial for correct classification, enhancing DSM quality could substantially improve the results.
Collapse
|
32
|
Müller J, Ulyshen M, Seibold S, Cadotte M, Chao A, Bässler C, Vogel S, Hagge J, Weiß I, Baldrian P, Tláskal V, Thorn S. Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Mike Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station Athens GA USA
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Dept of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical Univ. of Munich Freising Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Toronto–Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Anne Chao
- Inst. of Statistics, National Tsing Hua Univ. Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Claus Bässler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Dept of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Jonas Hagge
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg‐August‐Univ. Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Ingmar Weiß
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Inst. of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Tláskal
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Inst. of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vogel S, Gossner MM, Mergner U, Müller J, Thorn S. Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: An experimental approach. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mergner
- Forestry Administration Ebrach Bavarian Forestry Administration Ebrach Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kozák D, Svitok M, Wiezik M, Mikoláš M, Thorn S, Buechling A, Hofmeister J, Matula R, Trotsiuk V, Bače R, Begovič K, Čada V, Dušátko M, Frankovič M, Horák J, Janda P, Kameniar O, Nagel TA, Pettit JL, Pettit JM, Synek M, Wieziková A, Svoboda M. Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Gustafsson L, Bauhus J, Asbeck T, Augustynczik ALD, Basile M, Frey J, Gutzat F, Hanewinkel M, Helbach J, Jonker M, Knuff A, Messier C, Penner J, Pyttel P, Reif A, Storch F, Winiger N, Winkel G, Yousefpour R, Storch I. Retention as an integrated biodiversity conservation approach for continuous-cover forestry in Europe. AMBIO 2020; 49:85-97. [PMID: 31055795 PMCID: PMC6889099 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Retention forestry implies that biological legacies like dead and living trees are deliberately selected and retained beyond harvesting cycles to benefit biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This model has been applied for several decades in even-aged, clearcutting (CC) systems but less so in uneven-aged, continuous-cover forestry (CCF). We provide an overview of retention in CCF in temperate regions of Europe, currently largely focused on habitat trees and dead wood. The relevance of current meta-analyses and many other studies on retention in CC is limited since they emphasize larger patches in open surroundings. Therefore, we reflect here on the ecological foundations and socio-economic frameworks of retention approaches in CCF, and highlight several areas with development potential for the future. Conclusions from this perspective paper, based on both research and current practice on several continents, although highlighting Europe, are also relevant to other temperate regions of the world using continuous-cover forest management approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Asbeck
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Basile
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Frey
- Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gutzat
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hanewinkel
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Helbach
- Chair of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlotte Jonker
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung Waldnaturschutz, Baden-Württemberg Forest Research Institute (FVA), Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Knuff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Centre-Ville Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada
- Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais, 58 Rue Principale, Ripon, QC J0V 1V0 Canada
| | - Johannes Penner
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Pyttel
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Reif
- Chair of Site Classification and Vegetation Science, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Storch
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Winiger
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Winkel
- Resilience Programme, European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53133 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rasoul Yousefpour
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ranius T, Hämäläinen A, Sjögren J, Hiron M, Jonason D, Kubart A, Schroeder M, Dahlberg A, Thor G, Jonsell M. The evolutionary species pool concept does not explain occurrence patterns of dead-wood-dependent organisms: implications for logging residue extraction. Oecologia 2019; 191:241-252. [PMID: 31352635 PMCID: PMC6732131 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emulation of natural disturbances is often regarded as a key measure to make forestry biodiversity-oriented. Consequently, extraction of logging residues is assumed to have little negative effect in comparison to extraction of dead wood mainly formed at natural disturbances. This is consistent with the evolutionary species pool hypothesis, which suggests that most species are evolutionary adapted to the naturally most abundant habitats. We tested this hypothesis for dead-wood-dependent macrofungi, lichens, and beetles in a boreal forest landscape in central Sweden, assuming that species are adapted to conditions similar to today’s unmanaged forest. No occurrence patterns, for the species groups which we investigated, were consistent with the hypothesis. Overall, stumps and snags had the highest habitat quality (measured as average population density with equal weight given to each species) and fine woody debris the lowest, which was unexpected, since stumps were the rarest dead-wood type in unmanaged forest. We conclude that the evolutionary species pool concept did not explain patterns of species’ occurrences, and for two reasons, the concept is not reliable as a general rule of thumb: (1) what constitute habitats harbouring different species communities can only be understood from habitat-specific studies and (2) the suitability of habitats is affected by their biophysical characteristics. Thus, emulation of natural disturbances may promote biodiversity, but empirical studies are needed for each habitat to understand how natural disturbances should be emulated. We also conclude that stump extraction for bioenergy is associated with larger risks for biodiversity than fine woody debris extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aino Hämäläinen
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Sjögren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hiron
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dennis Jonason
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ariana Kubart
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Schroeder
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlberg
- Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Thor
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsell
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eisenhauer N, Schielzeth H, Barnes AD, Barry K, Bonn A, Brose U, Bruelheide H, Buchmann N, Buscot F, Ebeling A, Ferlian O, Freschet GT, Giling DP, Hättenschwiler S, Hillebrand H, Hines J, Isbell F, Koller-France E, König-Ries B, de Kroon H, Meyer ST, Milcu A, Müller J, Nock CA, Petermann JS, Roscher C, Scherber C, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schnitzer SA, Schuldt A, Tscharntke T, Türke M, van Dam NM, van der Plas F, Vogel A, Wagg C, Wardle DA, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Jochum M. A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. ADV ECOL RES 2019; 61:1-54. [PMID: 31908360 PMCID: PMC6944504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of biotic interactions in random and non-random biodiversity change scenarios is key to advance future BEF research and to address some of its most important remaining challenges. We discuss that the study and the quantification of multitrophic interactions in space and time facilitates scaling up from small-scale biodiversity manipulations and ecosystem function assessments to management-relevant spatial scales across ecosystem boundaries. We specifically consider multitrophic conceptual frameworks to understand and predict the context-dependency of BEF relationships. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the eco-evolutionary underpinnings of multitrophic BEF relationships. We outline that FAIR data (meeting the standards of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) and reproducible processing will be key to advance this field of research by making it more integrative. Finally, we show how these BEF insights may be implemented for ecosystem management, society, and policy. Given that human well-being critically depends on the multiple services provided by diverse, multitrophic communities, integrating the approaches of evolutionary ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology in future BEF research will be key to refine conservation targets and develop sustainable management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Schielzeth
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathryn Barry
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- EcoNetLab, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstr. 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Buscot
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Soil Ecology Department, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Darren P Giling
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments [ICBM], Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eva Koller-France
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie, Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Birgitta König-Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, PO Box 9100, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian T Meyer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Propre de Service 3248, Campus Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
| | - Charles A Nock
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2H1
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU) - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Vogel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, E3B 8B7, Fredericton, Canada
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molander MA, Winde IB, Burman J, Nyabuga FN, Lindblom TUT, Hanks LM, Millar JG, Larsson MC. Common Cerambycid Pheromone Components as Attractants for Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae) Breeding in Ephemeral Oak Substrates in Northern Europe. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:537-548. [PMID: 31254146 PMCID: PMC6661259 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Longhorn beetles are ecologically important insects in forest ecosystems as decomposers of woody substrates, microhabitat engineers, and as components of forest food webs. These species can be greatly affected both positively and negatively by modern forestry management practices, and should be monitored accordingly. Through headspace sampling, coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and field bioassays, we identified two compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, that constitute aggregation-sex pheromone attractants of three cerambycid species which breed primarily in different types of fresh, recently dead oak wood in Northern Europe: Pyrrhidium sanguineum (L.), Phymatodes alni ssp. alni (L.), and Phymatodes testaceus (L.) (Cerambycinae: Callidiini). Analyses of headspace volatiles collected from live insects indicated that the male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone of P. sanguineum is a 1–15:100 blend of (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol and (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, whereas the corresponding ratios for P. alni were 70–110:100. In field bioassays, adult P. sanguineum and P. alni were significantly attracted to multiple blends with varying ratios of the two compounds. When tested individually, the compounds were minimally attractive. In contrast, adult P. testaceus exhibited nonspecific attraction to both of the individual compounds and to different blends, despite the hydroxyketone not being part of its pheromone, which consists of (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol alone. Overall, our results suggest that a blend of 50:100 of racemic 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone is appropriate for parallel, cost-efficient pheromone-based monitoring of all three species. In particular, these species could serve as useful indicators of how modern forestry practices affect a whole guild of saproxylic insects that require ephemeral deadwood substrates for successful breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael A Molander
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Inis B Winde
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Joseph Burman
- Ecology Research Group, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Franklin N Nyabuga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P.O. Box 6, 60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Tobias U T Lindblom
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7043, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Seibold S, Müller J, Baldrian P, Cadotte MW, Štursová M, Biedermann PH, Krah FS, Bässler C. Fungi associated with beetles dispersing from dead wood – Let's take the beetle bus! FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
40
|
Ramírez-Hernández A, Martínez-Falcón AP, Micó E, Almendarez S, Reyes-Castillo P, Escobar F. Diversity and deadwood-based interaction networks of saproxylic beetles in remnants of riparian cloud forest. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214920. [PMID: 30978221 PMCID: PMC6461242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the saproxylic beetle community inhabiting deadwood in remnants of riparian cloud forests in “La Antigua” basin, in central Veracruz (Mexico). We assessed the influence of deadwood features (tree species, trunk position, trunk diameter, trunk volume and decomposition stages) on saproxylic beetle diversity. In order to assess the stability of beetle species-deadwood interactions, we also analyzed the ecological networks structure. A total of 63 deadwood trunks, belonging to four tree species, were sampled by standardized hand-collection throughout well-preserved remnants of riparian cloud forest. We found that tree species and deadwood decay stage are the main drivers that determine the diversity and stability of saproxylic beetle species interactions. Our results indicate that Quercus corrugata is the main tree species in terms of maintaining the significantly highest saproxylic beetle diversity, but with no stable interactions (saproxylic beetle-deadwood). A nested network structure was detected for Clethra mexicana and Liquidambar styraciflua, with a pool of core (generalist) saproxylic beetle species. We observed that beetle diversity from the early and late deadwood stages comprises distinct assemblages and the four stages of decomposition showed a nested network structure. During deadwood succession, community composition and guilds changed among networks; the early successional stage had more specialized xylophagous beetles, while other guilds (mycophagous, saprophagous and zoophagous) arrive later and become the core species in the advanced stages of decomposition networks. Heliscus tropicus (Passalidae) is a key species constituting the core of all of the networks and could be considered an ecosystem engineer in cloud forests. By exploring links between saproxylic beetles and deadwood characteristics, we can further our understanding of species interaction in order to develop management strategies oriented towards the protection of species and their habitats in this threatened ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramírez-Hernández
- CONACYT-IPICYT/Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Estefanía Micó
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barnes A, Daniels SR. On the importance of fine-scale sampling in detecting alpha taxonomic diversity among saproxylic invertebrates: A velvet worm (Onychophora:Opisthopatus amaxhosa) template. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Barnes
- Department of Botany and Zoology; University of Stellenbosch; Matieland South Africa
| | - Savel R. Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology; University of Stellenbosch; Matieland South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Augustynczik ALD, Asbeck T, Basile M, Bauhus J, Storch I, Mikusiński G, Yousefpour R, Hanewinkel M. Diversification of forest management regimes secures tree microhabitats and bird abundance under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2717-2730. [PMID: 30296777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity in temperate forests due to combined effect of climate change and forest management poses a major threat to the functioning of these ecosystems in the future. Climate change is expected to modify ecological processes and amplify disturbances, compromising the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services. Here we investigate the impacts of climate change and forest management on the abundance of tree microhabitats and forest birds as biodiversity proxies, using an integrated modelling approach. To perform our analysis, we calibrated tree microhabitat and bird abundance in a forest landscape in Southwestern Germany, and coupled them with a climate sensitive forest growth model. Our results show generally positive impacts of climate warming and higher harvesting intensity on bird abundance, with up to 30% increase. Conversely, climate change and wood removals above 5% of the standing volume led to a loss of tree microhabitats. A diversified set of management regimes with different harvesting intensities applied in a landscape scale was required to balance this trade-off. For example, to maximize the expected bird abundance (up to 11%) and to avoid tree microhabitat abundance loss of >20% necessitates setting aside 10.2% of the forest area aside and application of harvesting intensities < 10.4% of the standing volume. We conclude that promoting forest structural complexity by diversifying management regimes across the landscape will be key to maintain forest biodiversity in temperate forests under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Asbeck
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Basile
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Rasoul Yousefpour
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hanewinkel
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chao A, Chiu C, Villéger S, Sun I, Thorn S, Lin Y, Chiang J, Sherwin WB. An attribute‐diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu 30043 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier CNRS IFREMER IRD Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - I‐Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies National Tong Hwa University Hualien 97401 Taiwan
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glashüttenstrasse 5 96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Yi‐Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Friess N, Müller JC, Aramendi P, Bässler C, Brändle M, Bouget C, Brin A, Bussler H, Georgiev KB, Gil R, Gossner MM, Heilmann‐Clausen J, Isacsson G, Krištín A, Lachat T, Larrieu L, Magnanou E, Maringer A, Mergner U, Mikoláš M, Opgenoorth L, Schmidl J, Svoboda M, Thorn S, Vandekerkhove K, Vrezec A, Wagner T, Winter M, Zapponi L, Brandl R, Seibold S. Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Friess
- Department of Ecology ‐ Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jörg C. Müller
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Biocenter Rauhenebrach Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Brändle
- Department of Ecology ‐ Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Christophe Bouget
- Irstea, 'Forest Ecosystems' Research Unit Nogent‐sur‐Vernisson France
| | - Antoine Brin
- INPT – Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan UMR 1201 Dynafor INRA‐INPT, University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - Kostadin B. Georgiev
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Biocenter Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Radosław Gil
- Department of Evolutionary, Biology and Ecology, Institute of Invertebrate Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw Wrocław Poland
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Jacob Heilmann‐Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Thibault Lachat
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL Bern University of Applied Sciences Zollikofen Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Laurent Larrieu
- INRA UMR1201 DYNAFOR, Chemin de Borde Rouge, University of Toulouse Castanet Tolosan Cedex France
- CRPF OC Tolosane France
| | - Elodie Magnanou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM) Banyuls/Mer France
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Forêt de la Massane, Argelès-sur-Mer France
| | | | | | - Martin Mikoláš
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
- PRALES Rosina Slovakia
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology ‐ Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmidl
- Ecology group, Developmental Biology, Department Biology University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Biocenter Rauhenebrach Germany
| | | | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute of Biology Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Biology University of Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| | | | - Livia Zapponi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale "Bosco Fontana" Marmirolo Italy
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Ecology ‐ Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technische Universität München Freising Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mladenović S, Loskotová T, Boháč J, Pavlíček J, Brestovanský J, Horák J. The effects of within stand disturbance in plantation forests indicate complex and contrasting responses among and within beetle families. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:750-764. [PMID: 29307311 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plantation forests with timber production as the major function are highly fragmented and disturbed regarding the tree species composition and stand area. Their closed canopies also have different microclimatic conditions compared with better studied conservation areas. We studied three beetle families (click, longhorn, and rove beetles) with different ecological demands in lowland plantation forests dominated by Sessile oak and Norway spruce in the Czech Republic. Our main interest was how their species richness, abundance, diversity, body length, rarity, red-list status, species composition and individual species were driven by the main tree species, stand area and canopy openness. We analyzed 3466 individuals from 198 beetle species and the results revealed complex and contrasting responses of the studied beetle families - click beetles mostly preferred sun-exposure and spruce as the dominant tree species, longhorn beetles mainly preferred large stands, whereas rove beetles were mostly influenced by oak as the dominant tree species and increasing area. We also observed that some species had different preferences in plantation forests than is known from the literature. The main conclusions of our results are that the dominance of non-natural spruce plantations and a large stand area (both originating from artificially replanted large clear-cuts) did not affect the majority of the studied taxa as we expected. On the other hand, our results might have been influenced by other factor, such as the current small total area of the former vegetation, which in the past might have led to extinction debt; or a large area of other conifers in the surroundings that might have promoted conifer-associated fauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mladenović
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - T Loskotová
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - J Boháč
- Department of Plant Production and Agroecology,Faculty of Agriculture,University Of South Bohemia,Studentská 13, CZ-37005 České Budějovice,Czech Republic
| | - J Pavlíček
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - J Brestovanský
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| | - J Horák
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague,Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Paillet Y, Archaux F, du Puy S, Bouget C, Boulanger V, Debaive N, Gilg O, Gosselin F, Guilbert E. The indicator side of tree microhabitats: A multi-taxon approach based on bats, birds and saproxylic beetles. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Paillet
- Irstea; UR EFNO; Domaine des Barres; Nogent-sur-Vernisson France
- MECADEV; UMR 7179 MNHN/CNRS, CP50; Paris France
| | - Frédéric Archaux
- Irstea; UR EFNO; Domaine des Barres; Nogent-sur-Vernisson France
| | - Solène du Puy
- Irstea; UR EFNO; Domaine des Barres; Nogent-sur-Vernisson France
| | | | - Vincent Boulanger
- Office National des Forêts; Département Recherche et Développement; Boulevard de Constance; Fontainebleau France
| | - Nicolas Debaive
- Office National des Forêts; Département Recherche et Développement; Boulevard de Constance; Fontainebleau France
- Réserves Naturelles de France; Dijon Cedex France
| | - Olivier Gilg
- Réserves Naturelles de France; Dijon Cedex France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Disentangling the effects of farmland use, habitat edges, and vegetation structure on ground beetle morphological traits. Oecologia 2018; 188:645-657. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Effects of forest management on biodiversity in temperate deciduous forests: An overview based on Central European beech forests. J Nat Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
49
|
Zytynska SE, Doerfler I, Gossner MM, Sturm S, Weisser WW, Müller J. Minimal effects on genetic structuring of a fungus‐dwelling saproxylic beetle after recolonisation of a restored forest. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Zytynska
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Inken Doerfler
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sturm
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
- Nationalpark Bavarian Forest Grafenau Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Assmann T, Boutaud E, Buse J, Gebert J, Drees C, Friedman ALL, Khoury F, Marcus T, Orbach E, Ittai Renan, Schmidt C, Zumstein P. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology. Zookeys 2018:43-103. [PMID: 29674855 PMCID: PMC5904327 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.734.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tiger beetles of the southern Levant (Egypt: Sinai, Israel, Jordan) and adjacent regions of the neighboring countries Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Egypt are reviewed in terms of species taxonomy, ecological and distributional traits and conservation biology. An illustrated dichotomous identification key from the species of this region is provided. Based on the classical identification key, we developed a digital identification application for smartphones and tablets. The species status of Calomeraaulicoides (J.R. Sahlberg, 1913) is (re-) established (stat. rest.) as this taxon can be found sympatrically and parapatrically together with Calomeralittoraliswinkleri (Mandl, 1934). Morphological character states are discussed to identify Cicindelajavetii Chaudoir, 1861 and C.herbacea Klug, 1832. Calomeraaphrodisia (Baudi di Selve, 1864) is recorded for the first time from Israel. The presence of Calomeraaulica (Dejean, 1831) and Grammognathaeuphratica (Dejean, 1822) is confirmed by new records. At least five taxa are threatened or extinct in Israel. For one of these species, Israel has a national responsibility for the conservation as the main part of the distribution range is within this country. Availability: The application TIGER BEETLE ID for Android devices can be freely downloaded at https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.suppl1. See also disclaimer of warranties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Assmann
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Estève Boutaud
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Buse
- Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Wildlife Conservation (SB 23 Invertebrates and Biodiversity), Black Forest National Park, Kniebisstraße 67, D-72250 Freudenstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Gebert
- Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 73, D-01109 Dresden. Germany
| | - Claudia Drees
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL-69978, Israel.,Biocentre Grindel, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Fares Khoury
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, P.O.Box 2882, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan
| | - Tamar Marcus
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Ittai Renan
- Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL-69978, Israel
| | | | - Pascale Zumstein
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|