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Iwińska K, Bieliński J, Calheiros CSC, Koutsouris A, Kraszewska M, Mikusiński G. The primary drivers of private-sphere pro-environmental behaviour in five European countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Clean Prod 2023; 393:136330. [PMID: 36748039 PMCID: PMC9894177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, when fighting climate change and other global environmental issues is of utmost urgency, the understanding of what drives pro-environmental behaviour has become a hot topic in both academic and practical circles. Some earlier studies unravelled the complexity of the underlying factors of pro-environmental conduct, yet more studies are needed to understand the socio-cultural premises of such behaviour in different countries. The main aim of this paper is to offer a comprehensive analysis of the importance of pro-environmental behaviour drivers across five countries in Europe, namely Greece, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The survey using computer-assisted web interviews (N = 2502) was implemented in July 2020, the first summer of the Covid-19 pandemic. Hierarchical linear models were employed to analyse individuals' behaviour, defined as self-perceived declaration of the willingness to contribute to environmental conservation. The results showed that attitudinal and value-related factors are more significant than demographics. Biospheric values and relationship to nature generally affect pro-environmental behaviour positively. Similarly, the experience of Covid-19 exerted a positive influence. In terms of country-level predictors, greenhouse gas emissions were found to have affected pro-environmental behaviour negatively, while the share of renewable energy sources influenced it positively. The cumulative country Covid-19-related mortality at the time of investigation did not have discernible impact. Based on the results it is suggested that, in order to foster PEB, a stronger emphasis on environmental education and attitudes towards nature should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Sousa Coutinho Calheiros
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | | | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, School for Forest Management, BOX 43, 739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
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Shaw T, Schönamsgruber S, Cordeiro Pereira JM, Mikusiński G. Refining manual annotation effort of acoustic data to estimate bird species richness and composition: The role of duration, intensity, and time. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9491. [PMCID: PMC9663670 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Shaw
- Geobotany, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | | | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- School for Forest ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkinnskattebergSweden
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Mikusiński G, Orlikowska EH, Bubnicki JW, Jonsson BG, Svensson J. Strengthening the Network of High Conservation Value Forests in Boreal Landscapes. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.595730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural and old-growth forests and their associated biodiversity continues to fade worldwide due to anthropogenic impact in various forms. The boreal forests in Fennoscandia have been subject to intensive clearfelling forestry since the middle of twentieth century. As a result, only a fraction of forests with long temporal continuity remains at the landscape level. In Sweden, some of these primary forests have been formally protected, whereas other forests with known high conservation values are not. Collectively, both protected and not protected known valuable primary forests are included in a nationally delineated network of high conservation value forests (HCVF). In addition to HCVF, older forests that have not been clearfelled since the mid-1900s, i.e., “proxy continuity forests,” have recently been mapped across the entire boreal biome in Sweden. In this paper, we analyze how these proxy continuity forests may strengthen the HCVF network from a green infrastructure perspective. First, we evaluate the spatial overlap between proxy continuity forests and HCVF. Second, we perform a large-scale connectivity analysis, in which we show that adding proxy continuity forests located outside HCVF strongly increases the structural connectivity of the network of protected forests. Finally, by assessing habitat suitability for virtual species specialized in pine, spruce, and broadleaf forests, we find large regional differences in the ability to secure habitat and thereby functional green infrastructure by considering currently unprotected primary forest. We show that, by adding those forests to the network, the area of habitat for low-demanding species dependent on spruce or pine forests can be largely increased. For high-demanding species, additional habitat restoration in the landscape matrix is needed. By contrast, even counting all valuable broadleaf forests available is not enough to provide a suitable habitat for their associated species, which indicates a large need for landscape-scale habitat restoration initiatives, in particular, for broadleaf forests.
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Garrido P, Edenius L, Mikusiński G, Skarin A, Jansson A, Thulin CG. Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows. Ambio 2021; 50:101-112. [PMID: 32152907 PMCID: PMC7708577 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Large herbivores play key roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Continuous defaunation processes have produced cascade effects on plant community composition, vegetation structure, and even climate. Wood-pastures were created by traditional management practices that have maintained open structures and biodiversity for millennia. In Europe, despite the broad recognition of their biological importance, such landscapes are declining due to land-use changes. This calls for finding urgent solutions for wood-pasture conservation. To test whether introducing an ecological replacement of an extinct wild horse could have positive effects on wood-pasture restoration, we designed a 3-year rewilding experiment. Horses created a more open wood-pasture structure by browsing on seedlings and saplings, affected tree composition via selective browsing and controlled the colonization of woody vegetation in grassland-dominated areas. Thus, rewilding could be a potential avenue for wood-pasture restoration and biodiversity conservation. However, such benefits may not materialize without a necessary paradigm and political shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido
- School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Edenius
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Anna Skarin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Thulin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Thorn S, Chao A, Georgiev KB, Müller J, Bässler C, Campbell JL, Castro J, Chen YH, Choi CY, Cobb TP, Donato DC, Durska E, Macdonald E, Feldhaar H, Fontaine JB, Fornwalt PJ, Hernández RMH, Hutto RL, Koivula M, Lee EJ, Lindenmayer D, Mikusiński G, Obrist MK, Perlík M, Rost J, Waldron K, Wermelinger B, Weiß I, Żmihorski M, Leverkus AB. Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4762. [PMID: 32958767 PMCID: PMC7505835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests are increasingly affected by natural disturbances. Subsequent salvage logging, a widespread management practice conducted predominantly to recover economic capital, produces further disturbance and impacts biodiversity worldwide. Hence, naturally disturbed forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world, with consequences for their associated biodiversity. However, there are no evidence-based benchmarks for the proportion of area of naturally disturbed forests to be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity. We apply a mixed rarefaction/extrapolation approach to a global multi-taxa dataset from disturbed forests, including birds, plants, insects and fungi, to close this gap. We find that 75 ± 7% (mean ± SD) of a naturally disturbed area of a forest needs to be left unlogged to maintain 90% richness of its unique species, whereas retaining 50% of a naturally disturbed forest unlogged maintains 73 ± 12% of its unique species richness. These values do not change with the time elapsed since disturbance but vary considerably among taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Kostadin B Georgiev
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John L Campbell
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jorge Castro
- Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Yan-Han Chen
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Tyler P Cobb
- Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB, T5J 0G2, Canada
| | - Daniel C Donato
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ewa Durska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ellen Macdonald
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joseph B Fontaine
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Paula J Fornwalt
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | | | - Richard L Hutto
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Matti Koivula
- Natural Resources Institute (LUKE), P. O. Box 2, FI-00791, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Urban Planning Research Group, Daejeon Sejong Research Institute, Daejeon, 34863, Korea
| | - David Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Box 43, SE-739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Martin K Obrist
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michal Perlík
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rost
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona. Facultat de Ciències, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kaysandra Waldron
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 rue du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Beat Wermelinger
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Health and Biotic Interactions-Forest Entomology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Michał Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Alexandro B Leverkus
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Basile M, Asbeck T, Jonker M, Knuff AK, Bauhus J, Braunisch V, Mikusiński G, Storch I. What do tree-related microhabitats tell us about the abundance of forest-dwelling bats, birds, and insects? J Environ Manage 2020; 264:110401. [PMID: 32217309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retaining trees during harvesting to conserve biodiversity is becoming increasingly common in forestry. To assess, select and monitor these habitat trees, ecologists and practitioners often use Tree-related Microhabitats (TreMs), which are assumed to represent the abundance and diversity of environmental resources for a wide range of forest-dwelling taxa. However, the relationship between TreMs and forest organisms is not fully understood. In this context, we attempted to identify and quantify the links between TreMs and three groups of forest organisms: insects, bats, and birds. Specifically, we tested whether species abundance is influenced by TreM abundance, either as direct predictor or as mediator of environmental predictors. We collected data in 86 temperate, 1-ha mixed forest plots and employed a hierarchical generalized mixed model to assess the influence of seven environmental predictors (aspect, number and height of standing dead trees, cover of herb and shrub layer, volume of lying deadwood, and terrain ruggedness index (TRI)) on the abundance of TreMs (15 groups) on potential habitat trees, insects (10 orders), bats (5 acoustic groups) and birds (29 species) as a function of seven environmental predictors: aspect, number and height of standing dead trees, cover of herb and shrub layer, volume of lying deadwood, and terrain ruggedness index (TRI). This allowed us to generate a correlation matrix with potential links between abundances of TreMs and co-occurring forest organisms. These correlations and the environmental predictors were tested in a structural equation model (SEM) to disentangle and quantify the effects of the environment from direct effects of TreMs on forest organisms. Four TreM groups showed correlations > |0.30| with forest organisms, in particular with insects and bats. Rot holes and concavities were directly linked with three insect groups and two bat groups. Their effect was smaller than effects of environmental predictors, except for the pairs "rot holes - Sternorrhyncha" and "rot holes - bats" of the Pipistrellus group. In addition, TreMs had indirect effects on forest organisms through mediating the effects of environmental predictors. We found significant associations between two out of fifteen TreM groups and five out of 44 forest organism groups. These results indicate that TreM abundance on potential habitat trees is not suited as a general indicator of the species abundance across broad taxonomic groups but possibly for specific target groups with proven links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Basile
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Asbeck
- Chair of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlotte Jonker
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany; Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Wonnhaldestr. 4, D-79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna K Knuff
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Braunisch
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg (FVA), Wonnhaldestr. 4, D-79100, Freiburg, Germany; Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE 730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Orlikowska EH, Svensson J, Roberge JM, Blicharska M, Mikusiński G. Hit or miss? Evaluating the effectiveness of Natura 2000 for conservation of forest bird habitat in Sweden. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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8
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Basile M, Asbeck T, Pacioni C, Mikusiński G, Storch I. Woodpecker cavity establishment in managed forests: relative rather than absolute tree size matters. Wildlife Biology 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Basile
- M. Basile (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-5482) ✉ , G. Mikusiński and I. Storch, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Univ. of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. GM also at: Dept of Ecology, Swedis
| | - Thomas Asbeck
- T. Asbeck, Chair of Silviculture, Univ. of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cesare Pacioni
- C. Pacioni, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine – UNICAM Univ. of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- M. Basile (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-5482) ✉ , G. Mikusiński and I. Storch, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Univ. of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. GM also at: Dept of Ecology, Swedis
| | - Ilse Storch
- M. Basile (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-5482) ✉ , G. Mikusiński and I. Storch, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Univ. of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. GM also at: Dept of Ecology, Swedis
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Niedziałkowski K, Jaroszewicz B, Kowalczyk R, Kuijper DPJ, Mikusiński G, Selva N, Walankiewicz W, Wesołowski T. Effective mitigation of conservation conflicts and participatory governance: reflections on Kuboń et al. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:962-965. [PMID: 30980554 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Niedziałkowski
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Świat 72, 00-330, Warsaw, Poland
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Dries P J Kuijper
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Grimsö Wildlife, Research Station, 730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Box 43, 739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Walankiewicz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Nature Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wesołowski
- Laboratory of Forest Biology, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
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Żmihorski M, Hebda G, Eggers S, Månsson J, Abrahamsson T, Czeszczewik D, Walankiewicz W, Mikusiński G. Early post-fire bird community in European boreal forest: Comparing salvage-logged with non-intervention areas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Augustynczik ALD, Asbeck T, Basile M, Bauhus J, Storch I, Mikusiński G, Yousefpour R, Hanewinkel M. Diversification of forest management regimes secures tree microhabitats and bird abundance under climate change. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:2717-2730. [PMID: 30296777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity in temperate forests due to combined effect of climate change and forest management poses a major threat to the functioning of these ecosystems in the future. Climate change is expected to modify ecological processes and amplify disturbances, compromising the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services. Here we investigate the impacts of climate change and forest management on the abundance of tree microhabitats and forest birds as biodiversity proxies, using an integrated modelling approach. To perform our analysis, we calibrated tree microhabitat and bird abundance in a forest landscape in Southwestern Germany, and coupled them with a climate sensitive forest growth model. Our results show generally positive impacts of climate warming and higher harvesting intensity on bird abundance, with up to 30% increase. Conversely, climate change and wood removals above 5% of the standing volume led to a loss of tree microhabitats. A diversified set of management regimes with different harvesting intensities applied in a landscape scale was required to balance this trade-off. For example, to maximize the expected bird abundance (up to 11%) and to avoid tree microhabitat abundance loss of >20% necessitates setting aside 10.2% of the forest area aside and application of harvesting intensities < 10.4% of the standing volume. We conclude that promoting forest structural complexity by diversifying management regimes across the landscape will be key to maintain forest biodiversity in temperate forests under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lessa Derci Augustynczik
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Asbeck
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Basile
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Rasoul Yousefpour
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hanewinkel
- Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Svensson J, Andersson J, Sandström P, Mikusiński G, Jonsson BG. Landscape trajectory of natural boreal forest loss as an impediment to green infrastructure. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:152-163. [PMID: 29882221 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of natural forests by forest clearcutting has been identified as a critical conservation challenge worldwide. This study addressed forest fragmentation and loss in the context of the establishment of a functional green infrastructure as a spatiotemporally connected landscape-scale network of habitats enhancing biodiversity, favorable conservation status, and ecosystem services. Through retrospective analysis of satellite images, we assessed a 50- to 60-year spatiotemporal clearcutting impact trajectory on natural and near-natural boreal forests across a sizable and representative region from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Scandinavian Mountain Range in northern Fennoscandia. This period broadly covers the whole forest clearcutting period; thus, our approach and results can be applied to comprehensive impact assessment of industrial forest management. The entire study region covers close to 46,000 km2 of forest-dominated landscape in a late phase of transition from a natural or near-natural to a land-use modified state. We found a substantial loss of intact forest, in particular of large, contiguous areas, a spatial polarization of remaining forest on regional scale where the inland has been more severely affected than the mountain and coastal zones, and a pronounced impact on interior forest core areas. Salient results were a decrease in area of the largest intact forest patch from 225,853 to 68,714 ha in the mountain zone and from 257,715 to 38,668 ha in the foothills zone, a decrease from 75% to 38% intact forest in the inland zones, a decrease in largest patch core area (assessed by considering 100-m patch edge disturbance) from 6114 to 351 ha in the coastal zone, and a geographic imbalance in protected forest with an evident predominance in the mountain zone. These results demonstrate profound disturbance of configuration of the natural forest landscape and disrupted connectivity, which challenges the establishment of functional green infrastructure. Our approach supports the identification of forests for expanded protection and conservation-oriented forest landscape restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svensson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Andersson
- Sweco Environment AB, Umestan Företagspark Hus 12, Box 110, 901 03 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 43, 739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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Blicharska M, Mikusiński G. Developing world: Use mentoring to fix science inequality. Nature 2015; 517:271. [PMID: 25592526 DOI: 10.1038/517271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Blicharska M, Mikusiński G. Incorporating social and cultural significance of large old trees in conservation policy. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1558-67. [PMID: 25115905 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In addition to providing key ecological functions, large old trees are a part of a social realm and as such provide numerous social-cultural benefits to people. However, their social and cultural values are often neglected when designing conservation policies and management guidelines. We believe that awareness of large old trees as a part of human identity and cultural heritage is essential when addressing the issue of their decline worldwide. Large old trees provide humans with aesthetic, symbolic, religious, and historic values, as well as concrete tangible benefits, such as leaves, branches, or nuts. In many cultures particularly large trees are treated with reverence. Also, contemporary popular culture utilizes the image of trees as sentient beings and builds on the ancient myths that attribute great powers to large trees. Although the social and cultural role of large old trees is usually not taken into account in conservation, accounting for human-related values of these trees is an important part of conservation policy because it may strengthen conservation by highlighting the potential synergies in protecting ecological and social values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Blicharska
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Blicharska M, Mikusiński G, Godbole A, Sarnaik J. Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services of sacred groves – experiences from northern Western Ghats. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2013.835350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Blicharska
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 43, SE-739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Archana Godbole
- Applied Environmental Research Foundation, C-10, Natya Chitra Co-op Hsg. Soc. (Kalagram) Bhusari Colony, Kothrud, Pune, 411052, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayant Sarnaik
- Applied Environmental Research Foundation, C-10, Natya Chitra Co-op Hsg. Soc. (Kalagram) Bhusari Colony, Kothrud, Pune, 411052, Maharashtra, India
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Gamfeldt L, Snäll T, Bagchi R, Jonsson M, Gustafsson L, Kjellander P, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Fröberg M, Stendahl J, Philipson CD, Mikusiński G, Andersson E, Westerlund B, Andrén H, Moberg F, Moen J, Bengtsson J. Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1340. [PMID: 23299890 PMCID: PMC3562447 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000 km2, we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests. Tree diversity is thought to benefit forest ecosystems, but evidence from large-scale studies is scarce. This study of a 400,000 km2 forest area shows that higher tree species richness supports higher levels of multiple ecosystem services, and therefore also a more sustainable management of production forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gustafson DH, Malmgren JC, Mikusiński G. Terrestrial Habitat Predicts use of Aquatic Habitat for Breeding Purposes — A Study on the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus). ANN ZOOL FENN 2011. [DOI: 10.5735/086.048.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Edenius L, Mikusiński G, Bergh J. Can repeated fertilizer applications to young Norway spruce enhance avian diversity in intensively managed forests? Ambio 2011; 40:521-7. [PMID: 21848140 PMCID: PMC3357813 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Repeated fertilization of forests to increase biomass production is an environmentally controversial proposal, the effects of which we assessed on breeding birds in stands of young Norway spruce (Picea abies), in an intensively managed forest area in southern Sweden. Our results show that fertilized stands had 38% more species and 21% more individuals than unfertilized stands. Compared with stands under traditional management, the further intensification of forestry by repeated applications of fertilizers thus seemed to enhance species richness and abundance of forest birds. We cannot conclude at this stage whether the response in the bird community was caused by changes in food resources or increased structural complexity in the forest canopy due to the skid roads used for the application of the fertilizers. Future studies should focus on structural and compositional effects of fertilization processes during the entire rotation period and at assessing its effects in a landscape
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Edenius
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
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Mikusiński G, Pressey RL, Edenius L, Kujala H, Moilanen A, Niemelä J, Ranius T. Conservation planning in forest landscapes of Fennoscandia and an approach to the challenge of countdown 2010. Conserv Biol 2007; 21:1445-1454. [PMID: 18173468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of biodiversity in production landscapes requires a conservation approach that acknowledges the complexity of ecological and cultural systems in time and space. Fennoscandia has experienced major loss of forest biodiversity caused by intensive forestry. Therefore, the Countdown 2010 initiative to halt the loss of biodiversity in Europe is highly relevant to forest management in this part of the continent. As a contribution to meeting the challenge posed by Countdown 2010, we developed a spatially explicit conservation-planning exercise that used regional knowledge on forest biodiversity to provide support for managers attempting to halt further loss of biological diversity in the region. We used current data on the distribution of 169 species (including 68 red-listed species) representing different forest habitats and ecologies along with forest data within the frame of modern conservation software to devise a map of priority areas for conservation. The top 10% of priority areas contained over 75% of red-listed species locations and 41% of existing protected forest areas, but only 58% of these top priorities overlapped with core areas identified previously in a regional strategy that used more qualitative methods. We argue for aggregating present and future habitat value of single management units to landscape and regional scales to identify potential bottlenecks in habitat availability linked to landscape dynamics. To address the challenge of Countdown 2010, a general framework for forest conservation planning in Fennoscandia needs to cover different conservation issues, tools, and data needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mikusiński
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden.
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Angelstam P, Mikusiński G, Rönnbäck BI, Ostman A, Lazdinis M, Roberge JM, Arnberg W, Olsson J. Two-dimensional gap analysis: a tool for efficient conservation planning and biodiversity policy implementation. Ambio 2003; 32:527-534. [PMID: 15049349 DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-32.8.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of biodiversity by securing representative and well-connected habitat networks in managed landscapes requires a wise combination of protection, management, and restoration of habitats at several scales. We suggest that the integration of natural and social sciences in the form of "Two-dimensional gap analysis" is an efficient tool for the implementation of biodiversity policies. The tool links biologically relevant "horizontal" ecological issues with "vertical" issues related to institutions and other societal issues. Using forest biodiversity as an example, we illustrate how one can combine ecological and institutional aspects of biodiversity conservation, thus facilitating environmentally sustainable regional development. In particular, we use regional gap analysis for identification of focal forest types, habitat modelling for ascertaining the functional connectivity of "green infrastructures", as tools for the horizontal gap analysis. For the vertical dimension we suggest how the social sciences can be used for assessing the success in the implementation of biodiversity policies in real landscapes by identifying institutional obstacles while implementing policies. We argue that this interdisciplinary approach could be applied in a whole range of other environments including other terrestrial biota and aquatic ecosystems where functional habitat connectivity, nonlinear response to habitat loss and a multitude of economic and social interests co-occur in the same landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Angelstam
- Orebro University, Department of Natural Sciences Centre for Landscape Ecology, Sweden.
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Angelstam P, Boresjö-Bronge L, Mikusiński G, Sporrong U, Wästfelt A. Assessing village authenticity with satellite images: a method to identify intact cultural landscapes in Europe. Ambio 2003; 32:594-604. [PMID: 15049358 DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-32.8.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The village with its characteristic zones of different land use from the center to the periphery is a basic unit of Europe's cultural landscapes. However, loss of the authentic pre-industrial village structure characterized by a fine-grained structure of arable land and wooded grasslands is a threat to both cultural heritage and biodiversity in many rural landscapes. Therefore, it is important that the extent and rate of change of such authentic villages in a landscape can be monitored. We studied to what extent loss of authenticity with increasing time after abandonment can be assessed by quantitative analysis and visual interpretation of satellite images. The study was carried out in the Bieszczady Mountains, SE Poland in 1999. Using Landsat Thematic Mapper data from 1998, both the grain size of landscape elements (size of fields) and land-cover composition (encroachment of shrub and forest) were quantitatively described 6 type villages representing different stages of deterioration of the authentic village structure. Historical maps were used to delineate the border of the villages and the former extension of forest and open land was measured. The present land use and the degree of abandonment expressed as grain size and forest encroachment were mapped using satellite data. Deterioration occurred along 2 transformation paths: abandonment and ultimately becoming forest, or intensified agriculture, respectively. To validate these results we classified 22 other villages in a 1000 km2 area by visual interpretation of the original satellite images into 1 of 4 types. We then collected historical data on human population changes over the past six decades. The classification of village authenticity was clearly related to the rate of human population decline. We address the importance of validating and applying this approach for rapid assessment of the authenticity of cultural landscapes in European regions being subject to ongoing as well as expected future change, related to expansion of the European Union. Finally, we argue that the village represents a scale at which integration of natural and social sciences is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Angelstam
- Department of Natural Sciences, Orebro University, Sweden.
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Abstract
Termination of fire along with active removal of deciduous trees in favor of conifers together with anthropogenic transformation of productive forest into agricultural land, have transformed northern European coniferous forests and reduced their deciduous component. Locally, however, in the villages, deciduous trees and stands were maintained, and have more recently regenerated on abandoned agricultural land. We hypothesize that the present distribution of the deciduous component is related to the village in-field/out-field zonation in different regions, which emerges from physical conditions and recent economic development expressed as land-use change. We analyzed the spatial distribution of deciduous stands in in-field and out-field zones of villages in 6 boreal/hemiboreal Swedish regions (Norrbotten, Angermanland, Jämtland, Dalarna, Bergslagen, Småland). In each region 6 individual quadrates 5 x 5 km centered on village areas were selected. We found significant regional differences in the deciduous component (DEC) in different village zones. At the scale of villages Angermanland had the highest mean proportion of DEC (17%) and Jämtland the lowest (2%). However, the amounts of the DEC varied systematically in in-field and out-field zones. DEC was highest in the in-field in the south (Småland), but generally low further north. By contrast, the amount of DEC in the out-field was highest in the north. The relative amount of DEC in the forest edge peaked in landscapes with the strongest decline in active agriculture (Angermanland, Dalarna, Bergslagen). Because former and present local villages are vital for biodiversity linked to the deciduous component, our results indicate a need for integrated management of deciduous forest within entire landscapes. This study shows that simplified satellite data are useful for estimating the spatial distribution of deciduous trees and stands at the landscape scale. However, for detailed studies better thematic resolution is needed to determine biologically relevant differences in quality of deciduous stands.
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