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Wang AY, Yeh YC, Cheng KH, Han YY, Chiu CT, Chang CC, Wang IT, Chao A. Efficacy and safety of enteral supplementation with high-dose vitamin D in critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00241-9. [PMID: 38729818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of enteral high-dose vitamin D supplementation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Asia. METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized-controlled study. Eligible participants with vitamin D deficiency were randomly assigned to the control or vitamin D supplementation group. In the vitamin D supplementation group, the patients received 569,600 IU vitamin D. The primary outcome was the serum 25(OH)D level on day 7. RESULTS 41 and 20 patients were included in the vitamin D supplementation and control groups, respectively. On day 7, the serum 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in the vitamin D supplementation group compared to the control group (28.5 [IQR: 20.2-52.6] ng/mL and 13.9 [IQR: 11.6-18.8] ng/mL, p < 0.001). Only 41.5% of the patients achieved serum 25(OH)D levels higher than 30 ng/mL in the supplementation group. This increased level was sustained in the supplementation group on both day 14 and day 28. There were no significant adverse effects noted in the supplementation group. Patients who reached a serum 25(OH)D level of >30 ng/mL on day 7 had a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate than did those who did not (5.9% vs 37.5%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study, less than half of the patients reached adequate vitamin D levels after the enteral administration of high-dose vitamin D. A reduction in 30-day mortality was noted in the patients who achieved adequate vitamin D levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS. GOV ID NCT04292873, Registered, March 1, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yi Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hua Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Chi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
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Yang YP, Chiu CT, Chao A, Yeh YC, Sun WZ, Liu CM, Chan WS. An observational study of microcirculation among healthy individuals by age and sex. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 86:407-417. [PMID: 38073381 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study measured normal ranges of microcirculatory parameters in healthy individuals and investigated differences in parameters by age and sex. METHODS Participants were enrolled into three groups with equal numbers of male and female: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and elderly (60-79 years). Sublingual microcirculation images were obtained using the incident dark field (IDF). RESULTS A total of 75 female and 75 male healthy individuals were enrolled. The elderly group had a higher TVD (26.5 [2] vs. 25.2 [1.8]; p = 0.019) and a lower PPV (97 [2] vs. 98 [3]; p = 0.03) than did the young group. In the elderly group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were moderately and positively correlated with MFI score (r = 0.407, p < 0.05, and r = 0.403, p < 0.05, respectively). The female participants had a lower MFI score than did the male participants (2.9 [2.8-3] vs. 3.0 [2.9-3]; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the range of microcirculatory parameters between different ages and sexes in healthy individuals. We found that blood pressure levels were correlated with microcirculatory parameters, especially in elders and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Sum Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Chao A, Chiu CH, Hu KH, van der Plas F, Cadotte MW, Mitesser O, Thorn S, Mori AS, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N, Bässler C, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Peters MK, Pierick K, von Oheimb G, Müller J. Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14336. [PMID: 38073071 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e. within ecosystems), but the increasing homogenization of landscapes in the Anthropocene has raised the potential that declining biodiversity at the beta (across ecosystems) and gamma scales is likely to also impact ecosystem functioning. Drawing on biodiversity theory, we propose a new statistical framework based on Hill-Chao numbers. The framework allows decomposition of multifunctionality at gamma scales into alpha and beta components, a critical but hitherto missing tool in BEF research; it also allows weighting of individual ecosystem functions. Through the proposed decomposition, new BEF results for beta and gamma scales are discovered. Our novel approach is applicable across ecosystems and connects local- and landscape-scale BEF assessments from experiments to natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Ecology of Fungi, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
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Kusumoto B, Chao A, Eiserhardt WL, Svenning JC, Shiono T, Kubota Y. Occurrence-based diversity estimation reveals macroecological and conservation knowledge gaps for global woody plants. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh9719. [PMID: 37801494 PMCID: PMC10558125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete sampling of species' geographic distributions has challenged biogeographers for many years to precisely quantify global-scale biodiversity patterns. After correcting for the spatial inequality of sample completeness, we generated a global species diversity map for woody angiosperms (82,974 species, 13,959,780 occurrence records). The standardized diversity estimated more pronounced latitudinal and longitudinal diversity gradients than the raw data and improved the spatial prediction of diversity based on environmental factors. We identified areas with potentially high species richness and rarity that are poorly explored, unprotected, and threatened by increasing human pressure: They are distributed mostly at low latitudes across central South America, Central Africa, subtropical China, and Indomalayan islands. These priority areas for botanical exploration can help to efficiently fill spatial knowledge gaps for better describing the status of biodiversity and improve the effectiveness of the protected area network for global woody plant conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buntarou Kusumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- University Museum, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
| | - Anne Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takayuki Shiono
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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Chiu CH, Chao A, Vogel S, Kriegel P, Thorn S. Quantifying and estimating ecological network diversity based on incomplete sampling data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220183. [PMID: 37246386 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecological network refers to the ecological interactions among sets of species. Quantification of ecological network diversity and related sampling/estimation challenges have explicit analogues in species diversity research. A unified framework based on Hill numbers and their generalizations was developed to quantify taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Drawing on this unified framework, we propose three dimensions of network diversity that incorporate the frequency (or strength) of interactions, species phylogenies and traits. As with surveys in species inventories, nearly all network studies are based on sampling data and thus also suffer from under-sampling effects. Adapting the sampling/estimation theory and the iNEXT (interpolation/extrapolation) standardization developed for species diversity research, we propose the iNEXT.link method to analyse network sampling data. The proposed method integrates the following four inference procedures: (i) assessment of sample completeness of networks; (ii) asymptotic analysis via estimating the true network diversity; (iii) non-asymptotic analysis based on standardizing sample completeness via rarefaction and extrapolation with network diversity; and (iv) estimation of the degree of unevenness or specialization in networks based on standardized diversity. Interaction data between European trees and saproxylic beetles are used to illustrate the proposed procedures. The software iNEXT.link has been developed to facilitate all computations and graphics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Biodiversitätszentrum Rhön, Marktplatz 11, 97653 Bischofsheim i.d.R., Germany
| | - Peter Kriegel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Europastraße 10, 35394 Gießen, Germany
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Wang ML, Kuo YT, Kuo LC, Liang HP, Cheng YW, Yeh YC, Tsai MT, Chan WS, Chiu CT, Chao A, Chou NK, Yeh YC, Ku SC. Early prediction of delirium upon intensive care unit admission: Model development, validation, and deployment. J Clin Anesth 2023; 88:111121. [PMID: 37058755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To develop, validate, and deploy models for predicting delirium in critically ill adult patients as early as upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single university teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. PATIENTS 6238 critically ill patients from August 2020 to August 2021. MEASUREMENTS Data were extracted, pre-processed, and split into training and testing datasets based on the time period. Eligible variables included demographic characteristics, Glasgow Coma Scale, vital signs parameters, treatments, and laboratory data. The predicted outcome was delirium, defined as any positive result (a score ≥ 4) of the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist that was assessed by primary care nurses in each 8-h shift within 48 h after ICU admission. We trained models to predict delirium upon ICU admission (ADM) and at 24 h (24H) after ICU admission by using logistic regression (LR), gradient boosted trees (GBT), and deep learning (DL) algorithms and compared the models' performance. MAIN RESULTS Eight features were extracted from the eligible features to train the ADM models, including age, body mass index, medical history of dementia, postoperative intensive monitoring, elective surgery, pre-ICU hospital stays, and GCS score and initial respiratory rate upon ICU admission. In the ADM testing dataset, the incidence of ICU delirium occurred within 24 h and 48 h was 32.9% and 36.2%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (0.858, 95% CI 0.835-0.879) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) (0.814, 95% CI 0.780-0.844) for the ADM GBT model were the highest. The Brier scores of the ADM LR, GBT, and DL models were 0.149, 0.140, and 0.145, respectively. The AUROC (0.931, 95% CI 0.911-0.949) was the highest for the 24H DL model and the AUPRC (0.842, 95% CI 0.792-0.886) was the highest for the 24H LR model. CONCLUSION Our early prediction models based on data obtained upon ICU admission could achieve good performance in predicting delirium occurred within 48 h after ICU admission. Our 24-h models can improve delirium prediction for patients discharged >1 day after ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Liang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Yi-Wei Cheng
- Taiwan AI Labs, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tao Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Sum Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuan Chou
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chi Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Tsai HY, Chao A, Hsiao WL. The effectiveness of cold oral stimuli in quenching postoperative thirst: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 75:103359. [PMID: 36535871 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of cold oral stimuli in quenching postoperative thirst in patients undergoing surgery. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. SETTING Postoperative care units. METHODS Seven electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINHAL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE) were systematically searched from their inception to January 12, 2022. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was followed. Two researchers examined the study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. A meta-analysis with a subgroup analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis, funnel plots and Egger's test were used to examine publication bias. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE A thirst intensity score was used to rate postoperative thirst. RESULTS Data were collected from 11 interventional studies for this systematic review. Eight studies underwent a meta-analysis with a total of 1504 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that the thirst intensity scores decreased in the experimental groups by 1.42 points (95% confidence interval: -2.162 to -0.684) more than those of the control groups. Subgroup analysis indicated that Asian patients and age were two factors that moderated the thirst intensity score after applying cold oral stimuli. CONCLUSION Cold oral stimuli were effective in mitigating postoperative thirst. Ice products such as ice cubes, or ice chips are easily available in postoperative units. When applying cold oral stimuli, health professionals should be aware of that in Asian and older patients. Cultural acceptance and physiological degeneration, respectively, may influence the thirst ratings. Future research should investigate various factors underlying the perioperative period. Network meta-analysis can be used to examine multiple strategies for thirst management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No 201, Sec 2, Shipai Rd, Beitou District, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 100225, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Hsiao
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 100225, Taiwan.
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8
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Müller J, Mitesser O, Cadotte MW, van der Plas F, Mori AS, Ammer C, Chao A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Biedermann P, Cesarz S, Claßen A, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Kuenzer C, Peters MK, Pierick K, Schmitt T, Schuldt B, Seidel D, Six D, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thorn S, von Oheimb G, Wegmann M, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches-A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1437-1450. [PMID: 36579623 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch β-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, we present a novel concept and experimental framework for elucidating BEF patterns at α-, β-, and γ-scales in real landscapes at a forest management-relevant scale. We examine this framework using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated by Fagus sylvatica. In 11 of these forests, we manipulated the structure between forest patches by increasing variation in canopy cover and deadwood. We hypothesized that an increase in landscape heterogeneity would enhance the β-diversity of different trophic levels, as well as the β-functionality of various ecosystem functions. We will develop a new statistical framework for BEF studies extending across scales and incorporating biodiversity measures from taxonomic to functional to phylogenetic diversity using Hill numbers. We will further expand the Hill number concept to multifunctionality allowing the decomposition of γ-multifunctionality into α- and β-components. Combining this analytic framework with our experimental data will allow us to test how an increase in between patch heterogeneity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality across spatial scales and trophic levels to help inform and improve forest resilience under climate change. Such an integrative concept for biodiversity and functionality, including spatial scales and multiple aspects of diversity and multifunctionality as well as physical and environmental structure in forests, will go far beyond the current widely applied approach in forestry to increase resilience of future forests through the manipulation of tree species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | | | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alice Claßen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kuenzer
- German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Department of Botany II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, State Institute for the Protection of Birds, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Professur für Biodiversität und Naturschutz, Technische Universität Dresden, FR Forstwissenschaften, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Hamilton C, Chao A. All that enhances might be gold. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Ekane J, Hamilton C, Chao A, Vazquez J. Refractory candida endocarditis: the case for early intervention. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Ramaswamy N, Sharma D, San T, Samra H, Chao A. Mycobacteroides Abscessus infection following a natural disaster. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Chazdon RL, Norden N, Colwell RK, Chao A. Monitoring recovery of tree diversity during tropical forest restoration: lessons from long-term trajectories of natural regeneration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210069. [PMID: 36373917 PMCID: PMC9661944 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of species diversity as a tool for assessing recovery during forest regeneration and active restoration, robust approaches for assessing changes in tree species diversity over time are urgently needed. We assessed changes in tree species diversity during natural regeneration over 12-20 years in eight 1-ha monitoring plots in NE Costa Rica, six second-growth forests and two old-growth reference forests. We used diversity profiles to show successional trajectories in measures of observed, asymptotic and standardized tree diversity and evenness as well as sample completeness. We randomly subsampled 1-ha plot data to evaluate how well smaller spatial subsamples would have captured temporal trajectories. Annual surveys in eight 1-ha plots were missing substantial numbers of rare or infrequent species. Older second-growth sites showed consistent declines in tree diversity, whereas younger sites showed fluctuating patterns or increases. Subsample areas of 0.5 ha or greater were sufficient to infer the diversity of abundant species, but smaller subsamples failed to capture temporal trajectories of species richness and yielded positively biased estimates of evenness. In tropical forest regions with high levels of diversity, species diversity from small sample plots should be assessed using methods that incorporate abundance information and that standardize for sample coverage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Tropical Forest and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556 Queensland, Australia,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CO 06269, USA,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, 30043
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13
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Wang YC, Wang MJ, Lee CY, Chen CC, Chiu CT, Chao A, Chan WS, Tsai MK, Yeh YC. Effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion on renal function and microcirculation in kidney transplant recipients: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Med 2022; 54:1233-1243. [PMID: 35486415 PMCID: PMC9126588 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2067351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemia-reperfusion injury affects postoperative transplanted kidney function in kidney transplant recipients. Dexmedetomidine was reported to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve microcirculation, but its propensity to cause bradycardia and hypotension may adversely affect microcirculation. This study investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative renal function and sublingual microcirculation in kidney recipients. METHODS The enrolled kidney transplant recipients were randomly allocated to the control group or dexmedetomidine group. After anaesthesia induction, patients in the dexmedetomidine group received dexmedetomidine infusion until 2 h after surgery. Sublingual microcirculation was recorded using an incident dark-field video microscope and analysed. The primary outcomes were the creatinine level on a postoperative day 2 and total vessel density at 2 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 60 kidney recipients were analysed, and the creatinine levels on postoperative day 2 were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (1.5 (1.1-2.4) vs. 2.2 (1.7-3.0) mg/dL, median difference -0.6 (95% CI, -0.7 to -0.5) mg/dL, p = .018). On a postoperative day 7, the creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. Total vessel density at 2 h after surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION We found that early postoperative renal function was better in kidney transplant recipients receiving dexmedetomidine infusion, but total vessel density was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. Key messagesIschemia-reperfusion injury affects postoperative transplanted kidney function, and dexmedetomidine was reported to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve microcirculation in other clinical conditions.This study showed that early postoperative renal function was better in kidney transplant recipients receiving dexmedetomidine.Dexmedetomidine's side effect of bradycardia and hypotension may affect microcirculation, our results revealed that the perioperative sublingual microcirculation did not differ significantly in kidney transplant recipients receiving dexmedetomidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuh Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Sum Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Kun Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Maberly SC, Chao A, Finlay BJ. Seasonal Patterns of Phytoplankton Taxon Richness in Lakes: Effects of Temperature, Turnover and Abundance. Protist 2022; 173:125925. [PMID: 36343516 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Species richness is a key ecological characteristic that influences numerous ecosystem functions. Here we analyse the patterns and possible causes of phytoplankton taxon richness in seasonal datasets from twenty contrasting lakes in the English Lake District over six years and near-weekly datasets over 33 years from Windermere. Taxon richness was lowest in winter and highest in summer or autumn in all of the lakes. Observed richness was very similar to richness estimated from coverage and sampling effort, implying that it closely reflected true seasonal patterns. Summer populations were dominated by Chlorophyta and functional groups X1, F, N and P (sensu Reynolds). In Windermere, weekly taxon richness was strongly positively correlated with surface water temperature, as was the number of functional groups and the number of taxa per functional group. Turnover in richness of taxa and functional groups were positively correlated and both were related to surface temperature. This suggests that high taxon richness in summer is linked to higher water temperature, promoting a turnover in richness of taxa and functional groups in these lakes. However, since the number of taxa per unit concentration of chlorophyll a decreased with increasing concentration of chlorophyll a, competition might occur when abundance is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Bland J Finlay
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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15
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Kass JM, Guénard B, Dudley KL, Jenkins CN, Azuma F, Fisher BL, Parr CL, Gibb H, Longino JT, Ward PS, Chao A, Lubertazzi D, Weiser M, Jetz W, Guralnick R, Blatrix R, Lauriers JD, Donoso DA, Georgiadis C, Gomez K, Hawkes PG, Johnson RA, Lattke JE, MacGown JA, Mackay W, Robson S, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, Economo EP. The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabp9908. [PMID: 35921404 PMCID: PMC9348798 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning and services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns and their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve the first high-resolution (~20-km) global diversity map for a major invertebrate clade, ants, using biodiversity informatics, range modeling, and machine learning to synthesize existing knowledge and predict the distribution of undiscovered diversity. We find that ants and different vertebrate groups have distinct features in their patterns of richness and rarity, underscoring the need to consider a diversity of taxa in conservation. However, despite their phylogenetic and physiological divergence, ant distributions are not highly anomalous relative to variation among vertebrate clades. Furthermore, our models predict that rarity centers largely overlap (78%), suggesting that general forces shape endemism patterns across taxa. This raises confidence that conservation of areas important for small-ranged vertebrates will benefit invertebrates while providing a "treasure map" to guide future discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Kass
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth L. Dudley
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Clinton N. Jenkins
- Department of Earth and Environment and Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fumika Azuma
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Catherine L. Parr
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, and Center for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - John T. Longino
- School of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip S. Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - David Lubertazzi
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Weiser
- Department of Biology and Geographical Ecology Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rumsaïs Blatrix
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David A. Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Christos Georgiadis
- Section of Zoology–Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15772, Greece
| | | | - Peter G. Hawkes
- AfriBugs CC, 341 27th Avenue, Villieria, Pretoria, Gauteng Province 0186, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 852787-4501, USA
| | - John E. Lattke
- Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, CEP 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Joe A. MacGown
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - William Mackay
- Biodiversity Collections, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Simon Robson
- College of Science and Engineering, Central Queensland University, Townsville, QLD 4812, Australia
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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16
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Viljur ML, Abella SR, Adámek M, Alencar JBR, Barber NA, Beudert B, Burkle LA, Cagnolo L, Campos BR, Chao A, Chergui B, Choi CY, Cleary DFR, Davis TS, Dechnik-Vázquez YA, Downing WM, Fuentes-Ramirez A, Gandhi KJK, Gehring C, Georgiev KB, Gimbutas M, Gongalsky KB, Gorbunova AY, Greenberg CH, Hylander K, Jules ES, Korobushkin DI, Köster K, Kurth V, Lanham JD, Lazarina M, Leverkus AB, Lindenmayer D, Marra DM, Martín-Pinto P, Meave JA, Moretti M, Nam HY, Obrist MK, Petanidou T, Pons P, Potts SG, Rapoport IB, Rhoades PR, Richter C, Saifutdinov RA, Sanders NJ, Santos X, Steel Z, Tavella J, Wendenburg C, Wermelinger B, Zaitsev AS, Thorn S. The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1930-1947. [PMID: 35808863 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristics and habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbance ecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding the impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural disturbance regimes. In many areas, major natural forest disturbances, such as wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks, are becoming more frequent, intense, severe, and widespread due to climate change and land-use change. Conversely, the suppression of natural disturbances threatens disturbance-dependent biota. Using a meta-analytic approach, we analysed a global data set (with most sampling concentrated in temperate and boreal secondary forests) of species assemblages of 26 taxonomic groups, including plants, animals, and fungi collected from forests affected by wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks. The overall effect of natural disturbances on α-diversity did not differ significantly from zero, but some taxonomic groups responded positively to disturbance, while others tended to respond negatively. Disturbance was beneficial for taxonomic groups preferring conditions associated with open canopies (e.g. hymenopterans and hoverflies), whereas ground-dwelling groups and/or groups typically associated with shady conditions (e.g. epigeic lichens and mycorrhizal fungi) were more likely to be negatively impacted by disturbance. Across all taxonomic groups, the highest α-diversity in disturbed forest patches occurred under moderate disturbance severity, i.e. with approximately 55% of trees killed by disturbance. We further extended our meta-analysis by applying a unified diversity concept based on Hill numbers to estimate α-diversity changes in different taxonomic groups across a gradient of disturbance severity measured at the stand scale and incorporating other disturbance features. We found that disturbance severity negatively affected diversity for Hill number q = 0 but not for q = 1 and q = 2, indicating that diversity-disturbance relationships are shaped by species relative abundances. Our synthesis of α-diversity was extended by a synthesis of disturbance-induced change in species assemblages, and revealed that disturbance changes the β-diversity of multiple taxonomic groups, including some groups that were not affected at the α-diversity level (birds and woody plants). Finally, we used mixed rarefaction/extrapolation to estimate biodiversity change as a function of the proportion of forests that were disturbed, i.e. the disturbance extent measured at the landscape scale. The comparison of intact and naturally disturbed forests revealed that both types of forests provide habitat for unique species assemblages, whereas species diversity in the mixture of disturbed and undisturbed forests peaked at intermediate values of disturbance extent in the simulated landscape. Hence, the relationship between α-diversity and disturbance severity in disturbed forest stands was strikingly similar to the relationship between species richness and disturbance extent in a landscape consisting of both disturbed and undisturbed forest habitats. This result suggests that both moderate disturbance severity and moderate disturbance extent support the highest levels of biodiversity in contemporary forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Liis Viljur
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Scott R Abella
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
| | - Martin Adámek
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the CAS, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Janderson Batista Rodrigues Alencar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Programa de pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia), Manaus, AM, 0000-0001-9482-7866, Brazil
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
| | | | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Luciano Cagnolo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brent R Campos
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Brahim Chergui
- LESCB URL-CNRST N°18, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel F R Cleary
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thomas Seth Davis
- Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Yanus A Dechnik-Vázquez
- Estudios Ambientales, Centro de Anteproyectos del Golfo, Comisión Federal de Electricidad, Nueva Era, Boca del Río, Veracruz, C.P, 94295, Mexico
| | - William M Downing
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Andrés Fuentes-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Biometría, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Kostadin B Georgiev
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Mark Gimbutas
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Narva mnt. 18, 51009, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Konstantin B Gongalsky
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Y Gorbunova
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Cathryn H Greenberg
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC, 28806, USA
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik S Jules
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Daniil I Korobushkin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, PL 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Valerie Kurth
- Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Helena, MT, 59601, USA
| | - Joseph Drew Lanham
- Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Maria Lazarina
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | | | - David Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Pablo Martín-Pinto
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Avda, Madrid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hyun-Young Nam
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin K Obrist
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, University Hill, GR-81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Pere Pons
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Irina B Rapoport
- Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Armand, 37a, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Paul R Rhoades
- Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83854, USA
| | - Clark Richter
- Science Department, Staten Island Academy, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Ruslan A Saifutdinov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Xavier Santos
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Zachary Steel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Julia Tavella
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Wendenburg
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Beat Wermelinger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Health and Biotic Interactions-Forest Entomology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Glashüttenstraße 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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17
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Kestemont M, Karsdorp F, de Bruijn E, Driscoll M, Kapitan KA, Ó Macháin P, Sawyer D, Sleiderink R, Chao A. Forgotten books: The application of unseen species models to the survival of culture. Science 2022; 375:765-769. [PMID: 35175807 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The study of ancient cultures is hindered by the incomplete survival of material artifacts, so we commonly underestimate the diversity of cultural production in historic societies. To correct this survivorship bias, we applied unseen species models from ecology to gauge the loss of narratives from medieval Europe, such as the romances about King Arthur. The estimates obtained are compatible with the scant historic evidence. In addition to events such as library fires, we identified the original evenness of cultural populations as an overlooked factor in these assemblages' stability in the face of immaterial loss. We link the elevated evenness in island literatures to analogous accounts of ecological and cultural diversity in insular communities. These analyses call for a wider application of these methods across the heritage sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabeth de Bruijn
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthew Driscoll
- Arnamagnæan Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna A Kapitan
- Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Institute of Foreign Languages, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,The National Museum of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,The Museum of National History, Frederiksborg Castle, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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18
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Yang CJ, Chiu CT, Yeh YC, Chao A. Successful management of delirium with dexmedetomidine in a patient with haloperidol-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:625-630. [PMID: 35097088 PMCID: PMC8771406 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of lorazepam-induced agitated delirium treated with haloperidol, which in turn triggered the onset of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The latter condition, a medical emergency, was effectively treated with medical treatment and dexmedetomidine, a versatile and highly selective short-acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects.
CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal discomfort after binge eating. During his hospital stay, he received intravenous lorazepam for insomnia. On the next day, he became delirious and was thus treated with seven doses (5 mg each) of haloperidol over a 48 h period. Signs of NMS (hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus of upper limbs, impaired consciousness, tachypnea, and dark urine) became apparent and haloperidol was immediately suspended and brisk diuresis was initiated. On intensive care unit admission, he was confused, disoriented, and markedly agitated. Dexmedetomidine infusion was started with the goal of achieving a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score of -1 or 0. NMS was resolved gradually and the patient stabilized, permitting discontinuation of dexmedetomidine after 3 d.
CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine may be clinically helpful for the management of NMS, most likely because of its sympatholytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100220, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100220, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100220, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100220, Taiwan
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19
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Yeh YC, Chen SH, Wang YC, Chao A, Liu CM, Chiu CT, Wang MJ. Early prediction of survival at different time intervals in sepsis patients: A visualized prediction model with nomogram and observation study. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:55-61. [PMID: 35233357 PMCID: PMC8830554 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Sepsis is a major cause of death around the world. Complicated scoring systems require time to have data to predict short-term survival. Intensivists need a tool to predict survival in sepsis patients easily and quickly. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of adult patients admitted to the surgical intensive care units between January 2009 and December 2011 in National Taiwan University Hospital. For this study, 739 patients were enrolled. We recorded the demographic and clinical variables of patients diagnosed with sepsis. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the survival data and determine significant risk factors to develop a prediction model. This model was used to create a nomogram for predicting the survival rate of sepsis patients up to 3 months. Results: The observed 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day survival rates were 71.43%, 52.53%, and 46.88%, respectively. The principal risk factors for survival prediction included age; history of dementia; Glasgow Coma Scale score; and lactate, creatinine, and platelet levels. Our model showed more favorable prediction than did Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment at sepsis onset (concordance index: 0.65 vs. 0.54 and 0.59). This model was used to create the nomogram for predicting the mortality at the onset of sepsis. Conclusion: We suggest that developing a nomogram with several principal risk factors can provide a quick and easy tool to early predict the survival rate at different intervals in sepsis patients.
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20
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Chen KW, Chen CW, Yuan KC, Wang IT, Hung FM, Wang AY, Wang YC, Kuo YT, Lin YC, Shih MC, Kung YC, Ruan SY, Chiu CT, Chao A, Han YY, Kuo LK, Yeh YC. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:768804. [PMID: 34966771 PMCID: PMC8710763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.768804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in the general population worldwide, and the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency increase in critically ill patients. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a community-based cohort in Northern Taiwan was 22.4%. This multicenter cohort study investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in critically ill patients in Northern Taiwan. Methods: Critically ill patients were enrolled and divided into five groups according to their length of stay at intensive care units (ICUs) during enrolment as follows: group 1, <2 days with expected short ICU stay; group 2, <2 days with expected long ICU stay; group 3, 3-7 days; group 4, 8-14 days; and group 5, 15-28 days. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level < 20 ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level < 12 ng/ml. The primary analysis was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The exploratory analyses were serial follow-up vitamin D levels in group 2, associated factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the effect of vitamin D deficiency on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 59% [95% confidence interval (CI) 55-62%], and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 18% (95% CI 15-21%). The median vitamin D level for all enrolled critically ill patients was 18.3 (13.7-23.9) ng/ml. In group 2, the median vitamin D levels were <20 ng/ml during the serial follow-up. According to the multivariable analysis, young age, female gender, low albumin level, high parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, and high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were significantly associated risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had longer ventilator use duration and length of ICU stay. However, the 28- and 90-day mortality rate were not associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in critically ill patients. Age, gender, albumin level, PTH level, and SOFA score were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Wang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - An-Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Lin
- Department of Environment and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Shih
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Kung
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Ruan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Kuo
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Chao A, Henderson PA, Chiu C, Moyes F, Hu K, Dornelas M, Magurran AE. Measuring temporal change in alpha diversity: A framework integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and the
iNEXT.3D
standardization. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife UK
| | - Kai‐Hsiang Hu
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife UK
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife UK
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22
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Sherwin WB, Chao A, Jost L, Smouse PE. Information theory broadens the spectrum of molecular ecology and evolution: (Trends in Ecology and Evolution 32:12, p:948-963, 2017). Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:955-956. [PMID: 34384646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Lee CW, Liu ST, Cheng YJ, Chiu CT, Hsu YF, Chao A. Prevalence, risk factors, and optimized management of moderate-to-severe thirst in the post-anesthesia care unit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16183. [PMID: 32999369 PMCID: PMC7527446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative thirst is common and may cause intense patient discomfort. The aims of this retrospective study conducted in a high-volume post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) were as follows: (1) to examine the prevalence of moderate-to-severe post-operative thirst—defined as a numerical rating scale (NRS) score of 4 or higher, (2) to identify the main risk factors for moderate-to-severe post-operative thirst, and (3) to maximize the efficacy and safety of thirst management through a quality improvement program. During a 1-month quality improvement program conducted in August 2018, a total of 1211 adult patients admitted to our PACU were examined. Moderate-to-severe thirst was identified in 675 cases (55.8%). The use of glycopyrrolate during anesthesia was associated with moderate-to-severe thirst (71.7% versus 66.4%, respectively, p = 0.047; adjusted odds ratio: 1.46, p = 0.013). Following a safety assessment, ice cubes, room temperature water, or an oral moisturizer were offered to patients. A generalized estimating equation model revealed that ice cubes were the most effective means for thirst management—resulting in an estimated thirst intensity reduction of 0.93 NRS points at each 15-min interval assessment (p < 0.001)—followed by room temperature water (− 0.92/time-point, p < 0.001) and the oral moisturizer (− 0.60/time-point; p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction (rated from 1 [definitely dissatisfied] to 5 [very satisfied]) followed a similar pattern (ice cubes: 4.22 ± 0.58; room temperature water: 4.08 ± 0.55; oral moisturizer: 3.90 ± 0.55, p < 0.001). The use of glycopyrrolate—an anticholinergic agent that reduces salivary secretion—was the main independent risk factor for moderate-to-severe post-operative thirst. Our findings may provide clues towards an optimized management of thirst in the immediate post-operative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Liu
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Hsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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24
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Thorn S, Chao A, Georgiev KB, Müller J, Bässler C, Campbell JL, Castro J, Chen YH, Choi CY, Cobb TP, Donato DC, Durska E, Macdonald E, Feldhaar H, Fontaine JB, Fornwalt PJ, Hernández RMH, Hutto RL, Koivula M, Lee EJ, Lindenmayer D, Mikusiński G, Obrist MK, Perlík M, Rost J, Waldron K, Wermelinger B, Weiß I, Żmihorski M, Leverkus AB. Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4762. [PMID: 32958767 PMCID: PMC7505835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests are increasingly affected by natural disturbances. Subsequent salvage logging, a widespread management practice conducted predominantly to recover economic capital, produces further disturbance and impacts biodiversity worldwide. Hence, naturally disturbed forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world, with consequences for their associated biodiversity. However, there are no evidence-based benchmarks for the proportion of area of naturally disturbed forests to be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity. We apply a mixed rarefaction/extrapolation approach to a global multi-taxa dataset from disturbed forests, including birds, plants, insects and fungi, to close this gap. We find that 75 ± 7% (mean ± SD) of a naturally disturbed area of a forest needs to be left unlogged to maintain 90% richness of its unique species, whereas retaining 50% of a naturally disturbed forest unlogged maintains 73 ± 12% of its unique species richness. These values do not change with the time elapsed since disturbance but vary considerably among taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Kostadin B Georgiev
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John L Campbell
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jorge Castro
- Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Yan-Han Chen
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Tyler P Cobb
- Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB, T5J 0G2, Canada
| | - Daniel C Donato
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ewa Durska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ellen Macdonald
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joseph B Fontaine
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Paula J Fornwalt
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | | | - Richard L Hutto
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Matti Koivula
- Natural Resources Institute (LUKE), P. O. Box 2, FI-00791, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Urban Planning Research Group, Daejeon Sejong Research Institute, Daejeon, 34863, Korea
| | - David Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Mikusiński
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, SE-730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
- School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Box 43, SE-739 21, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - Martin K Obrist
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michal Perlík
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rost
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona. Facultat de Ciències, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kaysandra Waldron
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 rue du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Beat Wermelinger
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Health and Biotic Interactions-Forest Entomology, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Michał Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Alexandro B Leverkus
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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25
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Müller J, Ulyshen M, Seibold S, Cadotte M, Chao A, Bässler C, Vogel S, Hagge J, Weiß I, Baldrian P, Tláskal V, Thorn S. Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Mike Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station Athens GA USA
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Dept of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical Univ. of Munich Freising Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Toronto–Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | - Anne Chao
- Inst. of Statistics, National Tsing Hua Univ. Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Claus Bässler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
- Dept of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Jonas Hagge
- Forest Nature Conservation, Georg‐August‐Univ. Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Ingmar Weiß
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Inst. of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Tláskal
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Inst. of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, Univ. of Würzburg Glashüttenstraße 5 DE‐96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
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26
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Chen SH, Chan WS, Liu CM, Chiu CT, Chao A, Wu VC, Sheng WH, Lai CH, Wang MJ, Yeh YC. Effects of endotoxin adsorber hemoperfusion on sublingual microcirculation in patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intensive Care 2020; 10:80. [PMID: 32533380 PMCID: PMC7290141 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endotoxins can induce an excessive inflammatory response and result in microcirculatory dysfunction. Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion (PMX-HP) has been recognized to effectively remove endotoxins in patients with sepsis and septic shock, and a rat sepsis model revealed that PMX-HP treatment can maintain a better microcirculation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PMX-HP on microcirculation in patients with septic shock. Methods Patients with septic shock were enrolled and randomized to control and PMX-HP groups. In the PMX-HP group, patients received the first session of PMX-HP in addition to conventional septic shock management within 24 h after the onset of septic shock; the second session of PMX-HP was provided after another 24 h as needed. Results Overall, 28 patients finished the trial and were analyzed. The mean arterial pressure and norepinephrine infusion dose did not differ significantly between the control and PMX-HP groups after PMX-HP treatment. At 48 h after enrollment, total vessel density (TVD) and perfused vessel density (PVD) were higher in the PMX-HP group than in the control group [TVD 24.2 (22.1–24.9) vs. 21.1 (19.9–22.9) mm/mm2; p = 0.007; PVD 22.9 (20.9–24.9) vs. 20.0 (18.9–21.6) mm/mm2, p = 0.008]. Conclusions This preliminary study observed that PMX-HP treatment improved microcirculation but not clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock at a low risk of mortality. Nevertheless, larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm the effect of PMX-HP treatment on microcirculation in patients with septic shock at intermediate- and high-risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration ID: NCT01756755. Date of registration: December 27, 2012. First enrollment: October 6, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01756755
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, No. 289, Jianguo Rd., New Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Sum Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tang Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuh Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chao A, Spiegelman D, Khan S, Walsh F, Mazibuko S, Pasipamire M, Chai B, Reis R, Mlambo K, Delva W, Khumalo G, Zwane M, Fleming Y, Mafara E, Hettema A, Lejeune C, Bärnighausen T, Okello V. Mortality under early access to antiretroviral therapy vs. Eswatini's national standard of care: the MaxART clustered randomized stepped-wedge trial. HIV Med 2020; 21:429-440. [PMID: 32458567 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current WHO guidelines recommend the treatment of all HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) to improve survival and quality of life, and decrease infection of others. MaxART is the first implementation trial of this strategy embedded within a government-managed health system, and assesses mortality as a secondary outcome. Because primary findings strongly supported scale-up of the 'treat all' strategy (hereafter Treat All), this analysis examines mortality as an additional indicator of its impact. METHODS MaxART was conducted in 14 Eswatinian health clinics through a clinic-based stepped-wedge design, by transitioning clinics from then-national standard of care (SoC) to the Treat All intervention. All-cause, disease-related, and HIV-related mortality were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model, censoring SoC participants at clinic transition. Median follow-up time among study participants was 292 days. There were 36/2034 deaths in SoC (1.77%) and 49/1371 deaths in Treat All (3.57%). RESULTS Between September 2014 and August 2017, 3405 participants were enrolled. In SoC and Treat All interventions, respectively, the multivariable-adjusted 12-month all-cause mortality rates were 1.42% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-2.17] and 1.60% (95% CI: 0.78-2.40), disease-related mortality rates were 1.02% (95% CI: 0.40-1.64) and 1.10% (95% CI: 0.46-1.73), and HIV-related mortality rates were 1.03% (95% CI: 0.40-1.65) and 0.99% (95% CI: 0.40-1.58). Treat All had no impact on all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.58-2.18, P = 0.73], disease-related (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.52-2.11, P = 0.90), or HIV-related mortality (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46-1.87, P = 0.83). CONCLUSION There was no immediate benefit of the Treat All strategy on mortality, nor evidence of harm. Longer follow-up of participants is needed to establish long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS), New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Spiegelman
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS), New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Khan
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - F Walsh
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Mazibuko
- Eswatini National ART program (SNAP), Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - M Pasipamire
- Eswatini National ART program (SNAP), Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - B Chai
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Reis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Social Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Children's Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Mlambo
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - W Delva
- The South African Department of Science and Technology - National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Khumalo
- Eswatini National Network of People Living with HIV (SWANNEPHA), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | | | | | - E Mafara
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - A Hettema
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - C Lejeune
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - T Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Okello
- Directorate Office, Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
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28
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Chao A, Kubota Y, Zelený D, Chiu C, Li C, Kusumoto B, Yasuhara M, Thorn S, Wei C, Costello MJ, Colwell RK. Quantifying sample completeness and comparing diversities among assemblages. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu Taiwan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan
| | - David Zelený
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Feng Li
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Buntarou Kusumoto
- Faculty of Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - Moriaki Yasuhara
- School of Biological Sciences and Swire Institute of Marine Science The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Chih‐Lin Wei
- Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mark J. Costello
- School of Environment University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Nord University Bodø Norway
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Connecticut Storrs USA
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Boulder USA
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29
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Georgiev KB, Chao A, Castro J, Chen Y, Choi C, Fontaine JB, Hutto RL, Lee E, Müller J, Rost J, Żmihorski M, Thorn S. Salvage logging changes the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional successional trajectories of forest bird communities. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin B. Georgiev
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Jorge Castro
- Department of Ecology University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Yan‐Han Chen
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Chang‐Yong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Joseph B. Fontaine
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA Australia
| | - Richard L. Hutto
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Eun‐Jae Lee
- Urban Planning Research Group Daejeon Sejong Research Institute Daejeon Korea
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Josep Rost
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Food Industries University of Vic‐Central University of Catalonia Catalonia Spain
| | - Michal Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
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30
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Kusumoto B, Costello MJ, Kubota Y, Shiono T, Wei C, Yasuhara M, Chao A. Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buntarou Kusumoto
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
- Faculty of Science University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
- Okinawa Prefecture Environment Science Center Okinawa Japan
| | - Mark J. Costello
- School of Environment The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of Science University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
- Marine and Terrestrial Field Ecology, Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
| | | | - Chi‐Lin Wei
- Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Moriaki Yasuhara
- School of Biological Sciences and Swire Institute of Marine Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
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31
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Thorn S, Chao A, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Chen YH, Georgiev KB, Heibl C, Müller J, Schäfer H, Bässler C. Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests. Ecology 2020; 101:e02949. [PMID: 31833562 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following natural disturbances, additional anthropogenic disturbance may alter community recovery by affecting the occurrences of species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages. However, our understanding of whether rare, common, or dominant species, functional groups, or evolutionary lineages are most strongly affected by an additional disturbance, particularly across multiple taxa, is limited. Here, we used a generalized diversity concept based on Hill numbers to quantify the community differences of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, wood-inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles, and birds in a storm-disturbed, experimentally salvage logged forest. Communities of all investigated species groups showed dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots. Most species groups showed no significant changes in dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over the first seven years of succession, indicating a lack of community recovery. In general, the dissimilarities of communities were mainly driven by rare species. Convergence of dissimilarities occurred more often than divergence during the early stages of succession for rare species, indicating a major role in driving decreasing taxonomic dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over time. Trends in species dissimilarities only partially match the trends in dissimilarities of functional groups and evolutionary lineages, with little significant changes in successional trajectories. Nevertheless, common and dominant species contributed to a convergence of dissimilarities over time in the case of the functional dissimilarities of wood-inhabiting fungi. Our study shows that salvage logging following disturbances can alter successional trajectories in early stages of forest succession following natural disturbances. However, community changes over time may differ remarkably in different taxonomic groups and are best detected based on taxonomic, rather than functional or phylogenetic dissimilarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstrasse 5, Rauhenebrach, 96181, Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu, Hsin-Chu City, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Yan-Han Chen
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu, Hsin-Chu City, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Kostadin B Georgiev
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstrasse 5, Rauhenebrach, 96181, Germany.,Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Strasse 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany
| | - Christoph Heibl
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Strasse 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstrasse 5, Rauhenebrach, 96181, Germany.,Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Strasse 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany
| | - Hanno Schäfer
- Plant Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann Strasse 2, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Strasse 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany.,Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
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32
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Yang FP, Chao AS, Lin SH, Chao A, Wang TH, Chang YL, Chang HS, Wang JJ. Functional human brain connectivity during labor and its alteration under epidural analgesia. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2647-2658. [PMID: 31900889 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural networks of pain during labor and its relief. It was hypothesized that epidural analgesia would affect the neural activities and the underlying network connectivity. Analysis using dynamic causal modelling and functional connectivity was performed to investigate the spatial activity and network connection of labor pain with and without epidural analgesia. This Institutional Review Board approved study acquired Magnetic Resonance Imaging from 15 healthy women of spontaneous normal delivery (with/without epidural analgesia = 7/8, aged 29.6 ± 2.3 and 29.3 ± 4.8 years old respectively) using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Numerical rating score of pain was evaluated by a research nurse in the beginning of the first stage of labor and approximately 30 min after imaging examination. Six regions of interested from the activated clusters and literature were selected for dynamic causal modelling, which included primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula and lentiform. Functional connectivity was calculated from selected sensory and affective regions. All analyses were performed by using software of statistical parametric mapping version 8 and CONN functional connectivity toolbox. The result showed that the experience of labor pain can lead to activations within a distributed brain network. The pain relief from epidural analgesia can be accompanied with altered functional connectivity, which was most evident in the cingulo-frontal system. The present study, therefore, provides an overview of a pain-related neural network that occur during labor and upon epidural analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Pei Yang
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Shine Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 WenHua 1st Road, TaoYuan county, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 WenHua 1st Road, TaoYuan county, Taiwan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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33
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Chao A, Ricotta C. Quantifying evenness and linking it to diversity, beta diversity, and similarity. Ecology 2019; 100:e02852. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu 30043 Taiwan
| | - Carlo Ricotta
- Department of Environmental Biology University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome 0185 Italy
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34
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Chao A, Colwell RK, Gotelli NJ, Thorn S. Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1913-1922. [PMID: 31385450 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within-habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To quantify biodiversity patterns in such transformed landscapes, we use Hill numbers to analyse individual-based species abundance data or replicated, sample-based incidence data. Given biodiversity data from two distinct habitat types, when a specified proportion of original habitat is transformed, our approach utilises a proportional mixture of two within-habitat rarefaction/extrapolation curves to analytically predict biodiversity changes, with bootstrap confidence intervals to assess sampling uncertainty. We also derive analytic formulas for assessing species composition (i.e. the numbers of shared and unique species) for any mixture of the two habitat types. Our analytical and numerical analyses revealed that species unique to each habitat type are the most important determinants of landscape biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
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35
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Chao A, Chiu C, Wu S, Huang C, Lin Y. Comparing two classes of alpha diversities and their corresponding beta and (dis)similarity measures, with an application to the Formosan sika deer
Cervus nippon taiouanus
reintroduction programme. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Hui Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences National Sun Yat‐sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Lin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Phylogenetics, Department of Biology National Museum of Natural Science Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan
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36
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Abstract
Ratio-like approaches for estimating global species richness have been criticised for their unjustified extrapolation from regional to global patterns. Here we explore the use of cumulative percentages of ‘new’ (i.e., not formally described) species over large geographic areas (‘megatransects’) as a means to overcome this problem. In addition, we take into account undetected species and illustrate these combined methods by applying them to a family of spiders (Pholcidae) that currently contains some 1,700 described species. The raw global cumulative percentage of new species (‘new’ as of the end of 2008, when 1,001 species were formally described) is 75.1%, and is relatively constant across large biogeographic regions. Undetected species are estimated using the Chao2 estimator based on species incidence data (date by species and locality by species matrices). The estimated percentage of new species based on the date by species matrices is 76.0% with an estimated standard error (s.e.) of 2.6%. This leads to an estimated global species richness of about 4,200 with a 95% confidence interval of (3,300, 5,000). The corresponding values based on locality by species matrices are 84.2% (s.e. 3.0%) and 6,300 with a 95% confidence interval of (4,000, 8,600). Our results suggest that the currently known 1,700 species of Pholcidae may represent no more than about 25–40% of the total species richness. The impact of further biasing factors like geography, species size and distribution, cryptic species, and model assumptions needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard A. Huber
- Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany,
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua UniversityTaiwan
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37
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Chao A, Chiu C, Villéger S, Sun I, Thorn S, Lin Y, Chiang J, Sherwin WB. An attribute‐diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu 30043 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier CNRS IFREMER IRD Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - I‐Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies National Tong Hwa University Hualien 97401 Taiwan
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Biocenter, University of Würzburg Glashüttenstrasse 5 96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Yi‐Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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38
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Chao A, Chiu CH, Colwell RK, Magnago LFS, Chazdon RL, Gotelli NJ. Deciphering the enigma of undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity based on Good-Turing theory. Ecology 2018; 98:2914-2929. [PMID: 28869780 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of a community is challenging because rare species are often undetected, even with intensive sampling. The Good-Turing frequency formula, originally developed for cryptography, estimates in an ecological context the true frequencies of rare species in a single assemblage based on an incomplete sample of individuals. Until now, this formula has never been used to estimate undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Here, we first generalize the Good-Turing formula to incomplete sampling of two assemblages. The original formula and its two-assemblage generalization provide a novel and unified approach to notation, terminology, and estimation of undetected biological diversity. For species richness, the Good-Turing framework offers an intuitive way to derive the non-parametric estimators of the undetected species richness in a single assemblage, and of the undetected species shared between two assemblages. For phylogenetic diversity, the unified approach leads to an estimator of the undetected Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD, the total length of undetected branches of a phylogenetic tree connecting all species), as well as a new estimator of undetected PD shared between two phylogenetic trees. For functional diversity based on species traits, the unified approach yields a new estimator of undetected Walker et al.'s functional attribute diversity (FAD, the total species-pairwise functional distance) in a single assemblage, as well as a new estimator of undetected FAD shared between two assemblages. Although some of the resulting estimators have been previously published (but derived with traditional mathematical inequalities), all taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity estimators are now derived under the same framework. All the derived estimators are theoretically lower bounds of the corresponding undetected diversities; our approach reveals the sufficient conditions under which the estimators are nearly unbiased, thus offering new insights. Simulation results are reported to numerically verify the performance of the derived estimators. We illustrate all estimators and assess their sampling uncertainty with an empirical dataset for Brazilian rain forest trees. These estimators should be widely applicable to many current problems in ecology, such as the effects of climate change on spatial and temporal beta diversity and the contribution of trait diversity to ecosystem multi-functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando S Magnago
- Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-000, Brasil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
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Yeh YC, Lee CT, Wang CH, Tu YK, Lai CH, Wang YC, Chao A, Huang CH, Cheng YJ, Chen YS. Investigation of microcirculation in patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation life support. Crit Care 2018; 22:200. [PMID: 30121090 PMCID: PMC6098836 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Microcirculatory dysfunction develops in both septic and cardiogenic shock patients, and it is associated with poor prognosis in patients with septic shock. Information on the association between microcirculatory dysfunction and prognosis in cardiogenic shock patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support is limited. Methods Sublingual microcirculation images were recorded using an incident dark-field video microscope at the following time points: within 12 h (T1), 24 h (T2), 48 h (T3), 72 h (T4), and 96 h (T5) after VA-ECMO placement. If a patient could be weaned off VA-ECMO, sublingual microcirculation images were recorded before and after VA-ECMO removal. Microcirculatory parameters were compared between 28-day nonsurvivors and survivors with VA-ECMO support. In addition, the microcirculation and clinical parameters were assessed as prognostic tests of 28-day mortality, and patients were divided into three subgroups according to microcirculation parameters for survival analysis. Results Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. At T1, the observed heart rate, mean arterial pressure, inotropic score and lactate level of 28-day nonsurvivors and survivors did not differ significantly, but the perfused small vessel density (PSVD) and proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) were lower in the 28-day nonsurvivors than in the survivors. The PSVD and PPV were slightly superior to lactate levels in predicting 28-day mortality (area under curve of 0.68, 0.70, and 0.62, respectively). The subgroup with the lowest PSVD (< 15 mm/mm2) and PPV (< 64%) values exhibited less favorable survival compared with the other two subgroups. Conclusions Early microcirculatory parameters could be used to predict the survival of cardiogenic shock patients with VA-ECMO support. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393274. Registered on 19 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tse Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 7, Chung Shang South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang YF, Chao A, Shih PY, Hsu YC, Lee CT, Tien YW, Yeh YC, Chen LW. Comparison of dexmedetomidine versus propofol on hemodynamics in surgical critically ill patients. J Surg Res 2018; 228:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gaggiotti OE, Chao A, Peres‐Neto P, Chiu C, Edwards C, Fortin M, Jost L, Richards CM, Selkoe KA. Diversity from genes to ecosystems: A unifying framework to study variation across biological metrics and scales. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1176-1193. [PMID: 30026805 PMCID: PMC6050189 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological diversity is a key concept in the life sciences and plays a fundamental role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. Although biodiversity is inherently a hierarchical concept covering different levels of organization (genes, population, species, ecological communities and ecosystems), a diversity index that behaves consistently across these different levels has so far been lacking, hindering the development of truly integrative biodiversity studies. To fill this important knowledge gap, we present a unifying framework for the measurement of biodiversity across hierarchical levels of organization. Our weighted, information-based decomposition framework is based on a Hill number of order q = 1, which weights all elements in proportion to their frequency and leads to diversity measures based on Shannon's entropy. We investigated the numerical behaviour of our approach with simulations and showed that it can accurately describe complex spatial hierarchical structures. To demonstrate the intuitive and straightforward interpretation of our diversity measures in terms of effective number of components (alleles, species, etc.), we applied the framework to a real data set on coral reef biodiversity. We expect our framework will have multiple applications covering the fields of conservation biology, community genetics and eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E. Gaggiotti
- School of BiologyScottish Oceans InstituteUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of StatisticsNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Huo Chiu
- Department of AgronomyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Christine Edwards
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable DevelopmentMissouri Botanical GardenSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Lou Jost
- Ecominga FundationBanosTungurahuaEcuador
| | | | - Kimberly A. Selkoe
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and SynthesisUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of Hawai'i at MānoaKaneoheHIUSA
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Ku F, Chao A, Yang L, Wu R, Huang Y, Chang W, Huang H, Lai C. Role of human papillomavirus status after loop electrical excision procedure for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tsai C, Wang T, Chao A. PO-122 Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) acts as a scaffold protein for glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lee CT, Tu YK, Yeh YC, Chang T, Shih PY, Chao A, Huang HH, Cheng YJ, Yeh YC. Corrigendum to “Effects of polymyxin B hemoperfusion on hemodynamics and prognosis in septic shock patients” [J Crit Care 43 (2018) 202–206]. J Crit Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ho YF, Chao A, Chen KJ, Chao AN, Wang NK, Liu L, Chen YP, Hwang YS, Wu WC, Lai CC, Chen TL. Clinical outcomes and predictors of response to photodynamic therapy in symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: A retrospective case series. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197088. [PMID: 29851977 PMCID: PMC5979035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the treatment outcomes and predictors of response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with symptomatic circumscribed hemangioma (CCH). Methods This retrospective case series examined 20 patients with symptomatic CCH (10 submacular CCHs and10 juxtapapillary CCHs) who underwent standard PDT (wavelength: 662 nm; light dose: 50J/cm2; exposure time: 83 sec) with verteporfin (6mg/m2), either as monotherapy (n = 9) or in association with other treatments (n = 11), of which 7 received intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). A post-PDT improvement of at least two lines in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was the primary outcome measure. Predictors of response were investigated with binary logistic regression analysis. Results Seventeen (85%) patients received one PDT session, and three patients (15%) underwent PDT at least twice. Ten patients (50%) achieved the primary outcome of a post-PDT BCVA improvement of at least two lines. Macular atrophy and recalcitrant cystoid macular edema in 2 patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age (< 50 years) (P = 0.033), pre-PDT BCVA of ≧20/200 (P = 0.013), exudative retinal detachment resolved within one month after PDT (P = 0.007), and a thinner post-PDT tumor thickness (P = 0.015) were associated with the achievement of a post-PDT BCVA improvement. Additional treatments to PDT including IVI anti-VEGF did not appear to improve visual and anatomical outcomes. Conclusions Symptomatic CCHs respond generally well to PDT. Patients with younger age (< 50 years), pretreatment BCVA≥ 20/200, and thinner foveal edema are most likely to benefit from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeen-Fey Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeezen General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Ning Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Lu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lee CT, Chao A, Lai CH, Yeh YC. Heparin dosing score protocol for anticoagulation during polymyxin B hemoperfusion. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:652-653. [PMID: 29555453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tse Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sherwin WB, Chao A, Jost L, Smouse PE. Information Theory Broadens the Spectrum of Molecular Ecology and Evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:948-963. [PMID: 29126564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Information or entropy analysis of diversity is used extensively in community ecology, and has recently been exploited for prediction and analysis in molecular ecology and evolution. Information measures belong to a spectrum (or q profile) of measures whose contrasting properties provide a rich summary of diversity, including allelic richness (q=0), Shannon information (q=1), and heterozygosity (q=2). We present the merits of information measures for describing and forecasting molecular variation within and among groups, comparing forecasts with data, and evaluating underlying processes such as dispersal. Importantly, information measures directly link causal processes and divergence outcomes, have straightforward relationship to allele frequency differences (including monotonicity that q=2 lacks), and show additivity across hierarchical layers such as ecology, behaviour, cellular processes, and nongenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, Murdoch University, South Road, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - A Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - L Jost
- EcoMinga Foundation, Via a Runtun, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador
| | - P E Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551, USA
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Wobb J, Evangelista M, Chao A, Konstantinou D, Bazan J, Young R, Skoracki R, White J. Toxicity Outcomes for Immediate and Delayed Autologous Reconstruction in Patients Receiving Post-mastectomy Radiation Therapy: Is It Time to Reconsider Sequencing? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Norden N, Boukili V, Chao A, Ma KH, Letcher SG, Chazdon RL. Opposing mechanisms affect taxonomic convergence between tree assemblages during tropical forest succession. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1448-1458. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt 16‐20 Avenida Circunvalar Bogotá Colombia
| | - Vanessa Boukili
- Office of Strategic Planning and Community Development City of Somerville Massachusetts02143 USA
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu30043 Taiwan
| | - K. H. Ma
- Institute of Statistics National Tsing Hua University Hsin‐Chu30043 Taiwan
| | - Susan G. Letcher
- Department of Environmental Studies Purchase College (SUNY) 735 Anderson Hill Road Purchase New York10577 USA
- College of the Atlantic 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor ME04609 USA
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- International Institute for Sustainability Estrada Dona Castorina 124 Horto, 22460‐320 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT 0626‐3043 USA
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Yeh YC, Chao A, Lee CY, Lee CT, Yeh CC, Liu CM, Tsai MK. An observational study of microcirculation in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:630-637. [PMID: 28683162 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcirculatory dysfunction contributes to acute and chronic kidney diseases. To the best of our knowledge, no study has compared differences in microcirculation among healthy volunteers, dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sublingual microcirculation was examined using sidestream dark field imaging and was compared among 90 healthy volunteers, 40 dialysis patients and 40 kidney transplant recipients. The gender effect on microcirculation and the correlations among the microcirculation parameters, age, body mass index, heart rate and blood pressure were analysed. RESULTS Total small vessel density, perfused small vessel density and the proportion of perfused small vessels were lower in the dialysis patients than in the healthy volunteers and kidney transplant recipients [total small vessel density; healthy volunteers vs. dialysis patients vs. kidney transplant recipients, 25·2 (2·3) vs. 22·8 (2·6) vs. 24·2 (2·9) mm/mm2 , P < 0·001]. Systolic blood pressure showed a weak negative correlation with the microvascular flow index scores in the healthy volunteers. By contrast, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure showed weak positive correlations with proportion of perfused small vessels and the microvascular flow index scores in the dialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS Microcirculatory dysfunction is noted in dialysis patients, and this alteration is ameliorated in KT recipients. The positive correlation between blood pressure and microcirculation in dialysis patients suggests that additional studies should investigate the optimal goal of blood pressure management for dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tse Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Kun Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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