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Lee K, Hare D, Blossey B. Measuring perceived fitness interdependence between humans and non-humans. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2024; 6:e16. [PMID: 38572224 PMCID: PMC10988171 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Conservation ethics (i.e. moral concern for non-human organisms) are widespread, but we lack a comprehensive explanation for why people care about other species at all, and why they express strong moral concern for some species but not others. Recent theory suggests that conservation ethics might be rooted in cooperation between humans and members of other species. Building on central predictions of this eco-evolutionary theory, we conducted an online study (N = 651) and exploratory factor analysis to develop two scales that independently measure perceived fitness interdependence (PFI) and conservation ethics. The PFI scale measures perceived shared fate as a proximate indicator of human fitness interdependence with non-human organisms (i.e. the degree to which humans and other organisms influence each other's evolutionary success, that is, survival and reproduction). We designed the conservation ethics scale to measure moral beliefs and attitudes regarding those organisms. Both scales are composed of two factors and demonstrate good internal reliability. By combining insights from various branches of the evolutionary human sciences, including evolutionary anthropology, evolutionary psychology and human behavioural ecology, we offer empirical tools to investigate eco-evolutionary foundations of conservation ethics and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Darragh Hare
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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O'Brien DJ, Thacker TC, Salvador LCM, Duffiney AG, Robbe-Austerman S, Camacho MS, Lombard JE, Palmer MV. The devil you know and the devil you don't: current status and challenges of bovine tuberculosis eradication in the United States. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:16. [PMID: 37491296 PMCID: PMC10369704 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Having entered into its second century, the eradication program for bovine tuberculosis (bTB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in the United States of America occupies a position both enviable and daunting. Excepting four counties in Michigan comprising only 6109 km2 (0.06% of US land area) classified as Modified Accredited, as of April 2022 the entire country was considered Accredited Free of bTB by the US Department of Agriculture for cattle and bison. On the surface, the now well-described circumstances of endemic bTB in Michigan, where white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a free-ranging wildlife maintenance host, may appear to be the principal remaining barrier to national eradication. However, the situation there is unique in the U.S., and far-removed from the broader issues of bTB control in the remainder of the country. In Michigan, extensive surveillance for bTB in deer over the last quarter century, and regulatory measures to maximize the harvest of publicly-owned wildlife, have been implemented and sustained. Prevalence of bTB in deer has remained at a low level, although not sufficiently low to eliminate cattle herd infections. Public attitudes towards bTB, cattle and deer, and their relative importance, have been more influential in the management of the disease than any limitations of biological science. However, profound changes in the demographics and social attitudes of Michigan's human population are underway, changes which are likely to force a critical reevaluation of the bTB control strategies thus far considered integral. In the rest of the U.S. where bTB is not self-sustaining in wildlife, changes in the scale of cattle production, coupled with both technical and non-technical issues have created their own substantial challenges. It is against this diverse backdrop that the evolution of whole genome sequencing of M. bovis has revolutionized understanding of the history and ecology of bTB in Michigan, resolved previously undiscernible epidemiological puzzles, provided insights into zoonotic transmission, and unified eradication efforts across species and agencies. We describe the current status of bTB eradication in the U.S., how circumstances and management have changed, what has been learned, and what remains more elusive than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O'Brien
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Disease Laboratory, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 250, Lansing, MI, 48910-8106, USA.
- Retired. Current address: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Tyler C Thacker
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Liliana C M Salvador
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Shantz Building, 1177 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Anthony G Duffiney
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Wildlife Services, 2803 Jolly Road, Suite 100, Okemos, MI, 48864, USA
| | - Suelee Robbe-Austerman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Mark S Camacho
- United States Department of Agriculture, Cattle Health Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Veterinary Services, Centennial Campus, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Jason E Lombard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Field Epidemiologic Investigation, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. B, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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Bourgeois R, Guerbois C, Giva N, Mugabe P, Mukamuri B, Fynn R, Daré W, Motsholapheko M, Nare L, Delay E, Ducrot R, Bucuane J, Mercandalli S, Le Page C, Caron A. Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bourgeois
- CIRAD, UMR ART‐Dev Saint Louis Senegal
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
- CRA/ISRA Saint Louis Senegal
| | - Chloé Guerbois
- Sustainability Research Unit Nelson Mandela University George South Africa
- International Research Laboratory, REHABS CNRS‐Université Lyon 1‐NMU George South Africa
| | - Nicia Giva
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Prisca Mugabe
- Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Billy Mukamuri
- Centre for Applied Social Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Richard Fynn
- Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Maun Botswana
| | - William’s Daré
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | | | - Lerato Nare
- Institute of Development Studies National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo Zimbabwe
| | - Etienne Delay
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Raphaëlle Ducrot
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- CIRAD UMR G‐eau Montpellier France
| | - Joaquim Bucuane
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Sara Mercandalli
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Le Page
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier France
- ASTRE Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, MUSE Montpellier France
- Faculdade de Veterinaria Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
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4
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Fertility Control for Wildlife: A European Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030428. [PMID: 36766317 PMCID: PMC9913817 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Trends of human population growth and landscape development in Europe show that wildlife impacts are escalating. Lethal methods, traditionally employed to mitigate these impacts, are often ineffective, environmentally hazardous and face increasing public opposition. Fertility control is advocated as a humane tool to mitigate these impacts. This review describes mammalian and avian wildlife contraceptives' effect on reproduction of individuals and populations, delivery methods, potential costs and feasibility of using fertility control in European contexts. These contexts include small, isolated wildlife populations and situations in which lethal control is either illegal or socially unacceptable, such as urban settings, national parks and areas where rewilding occurs. The review highlights knowledge gaps, such as impact of fertility control on recruitment, social and spatial behaviour and on target and non-target species, provides a decision framework to assist decisions about the potential use of wildlife fertility control, and suggests eight reasons for Europe to invest in this area. Although developing and registering contraceptives in Europe will have substantial costs, these are relatively small when compared to wildlife's economic and environmental impact. Developing safe and effective contraceptives will be essential if European countries want to meet public demand for methods to promote human-wildlife coexistence.
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Ardoin NM, Bowers AW, Wheaton M. Leveraging collective action and environmental literacy to address complex sustainability challenges. AMBIO 2023; 52:30-44. [PMID: 35943695 PMCID: PMC9666603 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing and enhancing societal capacity to understand, debate elements of, and take actionable steps toward a sustainable future at a scale beyond the individual are critical when addressing sustainability challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic disease. Although mounting evidence exists for how to facilitate individual action to address sustainability challenges, there is less understanding of how to foster collective action in this realm. To support research and practice promoting collective action to address sustainability issues, we define the term "collective environmental literacy" by delineating four key potent aspects: scale, dynamic processes, shared resources, and synergy. Building on existing collective constructs and thought, we highlight areas where researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can support individuals and communities as they come together to identify, develop, and implement solutions to wicked problems. We close by discussing limitations of this work and future directions in studying collective environmental literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ardoin
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Graduate School of Education, and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 233 Littlefield Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Alison W Bowers
- Social Ecology Lab, Graduate School of Education and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 233 Littlefield Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mele Wheaton
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Suite 226, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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6
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Martino S, Kenter JO. Economic valuation of wildlife conservation. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:32. [PMID: 36919039 PMCID: PMC9999082 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews concepts and methods for the economic valuation of nature in the context of wildlife conservation and questions them in light of alternative approaches based on deliberation. Economic valuations have been used to set priorities, consider opportunity costs, assess co-benefits of conservation, support the case for conservation in public awareness and advocacy, and drive novel schemes to change incentives. We discuss the foundational principles of mainstream economic valuation in terms of its assumptions about values, markets, and human behaviour; propose a list of valuation studies in relation to wildlife protection; and explain the methods used. We then review critiques of these approaches focusing on the narrow way in which economics conceives of values, and institutional, power, and equity concerns. Finally, we complement conventional approaches commonly used for wildlife valuation with two forms of deliberative valuation: deliberated preferences and deliberative democratic monetary valuation. These are discussed in terms of their potential to address the drawbacks of mainstream economics and to realise the potential of valuation in bridging conservation of nature for its own sake and its important contributions to human well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10344-023-01658-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Martino
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG UK
- The James Hutton Institute, AB15 8QH Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Jasper O Kenter
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG UK
- Ecologos Research, Borth, SY245JQ Wales UK
- University of Aberystwyth - Business School, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Hugh Owen Building, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DY Ceredigion UK
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Bachmann ME, Kulik L, Gatiso T, Nielsen MR, Haase D, Heurich M, Buchadas A, Bösch L, Eirdosh D, Freytag A, Geldmann J, Ghoddousi A, Hicks TC, Ordaz-Németh I, Qin S, Sop T, van Beeck Calkoen S, Wesche K, Kühl HS. Analysis of differences and commonalities in wildlife hunting across the Africa-Europe South-North gradient. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001707. [PMID: 36040953 PMCID: PMC9426919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunting and its impacts on wildlife are typically studied regionally, with a particular focus on the Global South. Hunting can, however, also undermine rewilding efforts or threaten wildlife in the Global North. Little is known about how hunting manifests under varying socioeconomic and ecological contexts across the Global South and North. Herein, we examined differences and commonalities in hunting characteristics across an exemplary Global South-North gradient approximated by the Human Development Index (HDI) using face-to-face interviews with 114 protected area (PA) managers in 25 African and European countries. Generally, we observed that hunting ranges from the illegal, economically motivated, and unsustainable hunting of herbivores in the South to the legal, socially and ecologically motivated hunting of ungulates within parks and the illegal hunting of mainly predators outside parks in the North. Commonalities across this Africa-Europe South-North gradient included increased conflict-related killings in human-dominated landscapes and decreased illegal hunting with beneficial community conditions, such as mutual trust resulting from community involvement in PA management. Nevertheless, local conditions cannot outweigh the strong effect of the HDI on unsustainable hunting. Our findings highlight regional challenges that require collaborative, integrative efforts in wildlife conservation across actors, while identified commonalities may outline universal mechanisms for achieving this goal. Hunting and its impacts on wildlife are typically studied regionally, with a particular focus on the Global South. An assessment across a contrasting South-North gradient reveals differences in the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of hunting, but also identifies commonalities that point to general ways to reduce unsustainable hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Estrella Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Kulik
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tsegaye Gatiso
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Haase
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute for forest and wildlife management, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, Norway
| | - Ana Buchadas
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrated Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Bösch
- Institute for Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dustin Eirdosh
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Freytag
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, University of Stellenbosch; CESifo Research Network, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arash Ghoddousi
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Siyu Qin
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tenekwetche Sop
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suzanne van Beeck Calkoen
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Karsten Wesche
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
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Sneddon J, Daniel E, Fischer R, Lee JA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental values. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 17:2155-2163. [PMID: 35529591 PMCID: PMC9066989 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Environmental values emphasize protection of the natural environment and promote behaviors that express this broad motivational goal. Thus, changes in these values at the community and individual levels are likely to have significant consequences for sustainability efforts. We examined the relative importance of environmental values in Australian adults at five time points over 4 years, including a period of stability (2017-2019) and a period of crisis (early and late in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic). We found that the relative importance of environmental values increased from 2017 to 2019 and decreased during the pandemic. Importantly, the decrease in 2020 was lessened by individuals' connection with nature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01151-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Sneddon
- Centre for Human and Cultural Values, Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ella Daniel
- Department of School Counselling and Special Education, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012 New Zealand
- Institute D’Or for Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100 Brazil
| | - Julie A. Lee
- Centre for Human and Cultural Values, Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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Stanger ME, Slagle KM, Bruskotter JT. Impact of Location on Predator Control Preference Patterns. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.844346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, interactions with carnivores have increased in suburban and urban areas. However, it is unknown how predator control preferences of urban, suburban, and rural residents compare. We sought to characterize predator control preferences regarding interactions with bobcats (Lynx rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans), and compare these preferences among people living in urban, suburban, and rural areas. We also sought to determine the factors that predicted the likelihood of respondents changing their predator control preference. We conducted cross-sectional surveys of adult residents of the United States and the state of Ohio and embedded randomly assigned carnivore interaction scenarios in which respondents were asked to choose their preferred predator control in response to each scenario. We found that when both scenarios took place in an agricultural location, respondents became significantly more sensitive to changes in the severity (i.e., they were more likely to switch their preferred method of predator control). Subjects overwhelmingly indicated a preference for non-lethal forms of predator control. Specifically, 71.8% of respondents preferred non-lethal in response to both scenarios, 18.5% gave mixed responses (i.e., preferred lethal in response to one of the scenarios but non-lethal in response to the other scenario), and only 9.7% preferred lethal predator control in response to both scenarios. The tendency to prefer only non-lethal methods decreased along the urban-rural gradient such that 78.5% of urban respondents expressed a consistent preference for non-lethal forms of control, compared with 72.8% of suburban respondents, and 51.3% rural respondents. This suggests that most urban and suburban residents view lethal predator control methods as simply inappropriate—at least for the scenarios described. In practice, the management of human-carnivore interactions in urban and suburban areas is complicated by a variety of factors (e.g., the presence and density of humans and their pets) which reduce the flexibility of wildlife managers in these areas. Additionally, management options may be further restricted by the preferences of residents, especially given that management is likely to be more visible in these areas. Strong preferences against lethal control in urban and suburban settings may incentivize the development of novel methods for controlling human-carnivore conflicts in the future.
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10
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Gray E, Weston MA. Pilot perceptions of options to manage drone-wildlife interactions; associations with wildlife value orientations and connectedness to nature. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Stirling A, Burgman MA. Strengthening conservation science as a crisis discipline by addressing challenges of precaution, privilege, and individualism. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1738-1746. [PMID: 34405462 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation science deals with crises and supports policy interventions devised to mitigate highly uncertain threats that pose irreversible harm. When conventional policy tools, such as quantitative risk assessments, are insufficient, the precautionary principle provides a practical framework and range of robust heuristics. Yet, precaution is often resisted in many policy arenas, especially those involving powerful self-interests, and this resistance is compounded by structures of privilege and competitive individualism in science. We describe key drivers and effects of such resistance in conservation science. These include a loss of rigor under uncertainty, an erosion of crisis response capabilities, and a further reinforcement of privileged interests in conservation politics. We recommend open acknowledgement of the pressures exerted by power inside science; greater recognition for the value of the precautionary principle under uncertainty; deliberate measures to resist competitive individualism; support for blind review, open science, and data sharing; and a shift from hierarchical multidisciplinarity toward more egalitarian transdisciplinarity to accelerate advances in conservation science. Article impact statement: Precautionary principle, privilege structures among disciplines, and culture of individualism link to effective conservation policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Stirling
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - Mark A Burgman
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Mathiesen KE, Barmoen M, Bærum KM, Johansson M. Trust in researchers and researchers' statements in large carnivore conservation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Mathiesen
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
| | - Magnus Barmoen
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Koppang Norway
| | - Kim Magnus Bærum
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Fakkelgården Lillehammer Norway
| | - Maria Johansson
- Environmental Psychology Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Lund Lund Sweden
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13
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Clifford KR, Cravens AE, Knapp CN. Responding to Ecological Transformation: Mental Models, External Constraints, and Manager Decision-Making. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ecological transformation creates many challenges for public natural resource management and requires managers to grapple with new relationships to change and new ways to manage it. In the context of unfamiliar trajectories of ecological change, a manager can resist, accept, or direct change, choices that make up the resist-accept-direct (RAD) framework. In this article, we provide a conceptual framework for how to think about this new decision space that managers must navigate. We identify internal factors (mental models) and external factors (social feasibility, institutional context, and scientific uncertainty) that shape management decisions. We then apply this conceptual framework to the RAD strategies (resist, accept, direct) to illuminate how internal and external factors shape those decisions. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how this conceptual framework shapes our understanding of management decisions, especially how these decisions are not just ecological but also social, and the implications for research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Clifford
- Postdoctoral social science research fellow, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Amanda E Cravens
- US Geological Survey's Social and Economic Analysis Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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14
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Meister HM, Valdez RX, Martin D, Bulluck LP. Predicting Pasture and Forest Landowner Intention to Create Early Successional Habitat. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Meister
- Center for Environmental Studies Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 W. Cary Street Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Rene X. Valdez
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources 7870 Villa Park Drive Henrico VA 23228 USA
| | - Dustin Martin
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources 7870 Villa Park Drive Henrico VA 23228 USA
| | - Lesley P. Bulluck
- Center for Environmental Studies Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 W. Cary Street Richmond VA 23284 USA
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15
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Cheung H, Mazerolle L, Possingham HP, Biggs D. A survey of traditional Chinese medicine consumers to investigate the impact of China's legalization of rhino horn trade on stigmatization and likelihood of use. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cheung
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Lorraine Mazerolle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course School of Social Science, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Duan Biggs
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
- Resilient Conservation, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
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16
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Connection to nature is predicted by family values, social norms and personal experiences of nature. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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17
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Simpfendorfer CA, Heupel MR, Kendal D. Complex Human-Shark Conflicts Confound Conservation Action. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.692767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-wildlife conflicts are a growing phenomenon globally as human populations expand and wildlife interactions become more commonplace. While these conflicts have been well-defined in terrestrial systems, marine forms are less well-understood. As concerns grow for the future of many shark species it is becoming clear that a key to conservation success lies in changing human behaviors in relation to sharks. However, human-shark conflicts are multidimensional, each with different ecological, social and economic implications. Sharks have functional roles as occasional predators of humans and competitors with humans for fish stocks. In addition, and unlike most terrestrial predators, sharks are also important prey species for humans, being a source of animal protein and other products taken in fisheries. These functional roles are complex and often inter-dependent which can lead to multiple kinds of conflict. Shark management for conservation and human safety is also leading to conflict between different groups of people with different values and beliefs, demonstrating that human wildlife conflict can be a proxy for human-human conflict in the marine domain. Sharks are iconic species in society, being both feared and revered. As such human beliefs, attitudes and perceptions play key roles that underpin much human-shark conflict and future work to understanding these will contribute significantly to solutions that reduce conflict and hence improve conservation outcomes.
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18
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Eastwood A, Juárez‐Bourke A, Herrett S, Hague A. Connecting young people with greenspaces: The case for participatory video. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Juárez‐Bourke
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
| | - Scott Herrett
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
| | - Alice Hague
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
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19
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Modelling stakeholder satisfaction for conflict resolution in wildlife management: a case of wolf population in Sweden. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Swedish wolf population has rebounded from near extinction in the 1960s to around 365 individuals in 2020, after the implementation of the Hunting Act (jaktlagen) in 1966. This recent increase in the wolf population has evoked a serious divide between “pro-wolf” and “anti-wolf” Swedish citizens. Despite the continuous efforts by the Swedish government to reconcile this antagonism, the conflicts are persistent with a sign of impasse. In this paper, we present a modelling tool, which can bring transparent and “structured dialogue to the opposing positions.” This approach includes a stylized framework for quantitative modelling of stakeholders’ satisfaction levels regarding their preferred size of the wildlife population in question, based on the concept of satisfaction functions. We argue that this framework may contribute to conflict resolution by bringing a common understanding among stakeholders, facilitate a societal discourse, and potentially help to assess likely support for conservation policies. We present a showcase application of this modeling tool in the context of the conflict over the Swedish wolf conservation policies. The model is informed using a thorough literature review as well as interviews, which identified relevant stakeholder groups and respective drivers of their attitudes towards wolves.
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20
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Hopwood CJ, Schwaba T, Milfont TL, Sibley CG, Bleidorn W. Personality change and sustainability attitudes and behaviors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211016260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Withstanding the climate crisis will depend in part on individuals behaving in a more environmentally sustainable manner. However, relatively little is known about the individual factors that promote sustainable attitudes and behaviors (SABs). Although there are established cross-sectional associations between personality traits and SABs, it is unclear whether changes in personality are related to increases in SABs over time, and how personality is differentially related to specific SABs. Using data from 61,479 participants in New Zealand, we tested preregistered hypotheses about how personality codevelops with valuing the environment, believing in climate change, concern about climate change, personal environmental efficacy, personal environmental sacrifice, and support for the Green Party. We found that SABs generally increased from 2009 to 2017, although there was variation across age cohorts, SAB variables, and samples. We replicated concurrent correlations between broad personality traits—particularly Agreeableness, Openness, and Honesty/Humility—and SABs and present novel evidence that increases in SAB are related to changes in traits, particularly Agreeableness. These findings have implications for both understanding the factors associated with changes in SABs over time and understanding the factors that drive personality change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted Schwaba
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Chris G Sibley
- Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
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21
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Vayer VR, Larson LR, Peterson MN, Lee KJ, Von Furstenberg R, Choi DY, Stevenson K, Ahlers AA, Anhalt‐Depies C, Bethke T, Bruskotter J, Chizinski CJ, Clark B, Dayer AA, Ghasemi B, Gigliotti L, Graefe A, Irwin K, Keith SJ, Kelly M, Kyle G, Metcalf E, Morse W, Needham MD, Poudyal N, Quartuch M, Rodriguez S, Romulo C, Sharp RL, Siemer W, Springer M, Stedman R, Stein T, Van Deelen T, Whiting J, Winkler RL, Woosnam KM. Diverse University Students Across the United States Reveal Promising Pathways to Hunter Recruitment and Retention. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Vayer
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - M. Nils Peterson
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Kangjae Jerry Lee
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Richard Von Furstenberg
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Daniel Y. Choi
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Kathryn Stevenson
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Adam A. Ahlers
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | | | - Taniya Bethke
- South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Ft. Pierre SD 57532 USA
| | - Jeremy Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | | | - Brian Clark
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources Frankfort KY 40601 USA
| | - Ashley A. Dayer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Benjamin Ghasemi
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Larry Gigliotti
- Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Alan Graefe
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Kris Irwin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Samuel J. Keith
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Matt Kelly
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Tech University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Gerard Kyle
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Elizabeth Metcalf
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Wayde Morse
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Mark D. Needham
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Neelam Poudyal
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37966 USA
| | | | - Shari Rodriguez
- Forestry and Environmental Conservation Department Clemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA
| | - Chelsie Romulo
- Department of Geography, GIS, and Sustainability University of Northern Colorado Greeley CO 80639 USA
| | - Ryan L. Sharp
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - William Siemer
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Matt Springer
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Richard Stedman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Taylor Stein
- Department of Forest Resources and Conservation Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Tim Van Deelen
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Jason Whiting
- Department of Recreation Administration California State University Fresno CA 93740 USA
| | - Richelle L. Winkler
- Department of Social Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Kyle Maurice Woosnam
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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22
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Eeden LM, Rabotyagov S, Kather M, Bogezi C, Wirsing AJ, Marzluff J. Political affiliation predicts public attitudes toward gray wolf (
Canis lupus
) conservation and management. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lily M. Eeden
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sergey Rabotyagov
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Morgan Kather
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Carol Bogezi
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Aaron J. Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - John Marzluff
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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23
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Wineland SM, Fovargue R, Gill KC, Rezapour S, Neeson TM. Conservation planning in an uncertain climate: Identifying projects that remain valuable and feasible across future scenarios. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Wineland
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Rachel Fovargue
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Ken C. Gill
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Shabnam Rezapour
- Enterprise and Logistics Engineering Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Thomas M. Neeson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
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24
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Manfredo MJ, Teel TL, Don Carlos AW, Sullivan L, Bright AD, Dietsch AM, Bruskotter J, Fulton D. The changing sociocultural context of wildlife conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1549-1559. [PMID: 32128885 PMCID: PMC7754113 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduced a multilevel model of value shift to describe the changing social context of wildlife conservation. Our model depicts how cultural-level processes driven by modernization (e.g., increased wealth, education, and urbanization) affect changes in individual-level cognition that prompt a shift from domination to mutualism wildlife values. Domination values promote beliefs that wildlife should be used primarily to benefit humans, whereas mutualism values adopt a view that wildlife are part of one's social network and worthy of care and compassion. Such shifts create emergent effects (e.g., new interest groups) and challenges to wildlife management organizations (e.g., increased conflict) and dramatically alter the sociopolitical context of conservation decisions. Although this model is likely applicable to many modernized countries, we tested it with data from a 2017-2018 nationwide survey (mail and email panel) of 43,949 residents in the United States. We conducted hierarchical linear modeling and correlational analysis to examine relationships. Modernization variables had strong state-level effects on domination and mutualism. Higher levels of education, income, and urbanization were associated with higher percentages of mutualists and lower percentages of traditionalists, who have strong domination values. Values affected attitudes toward wildlife management challenges; for example, states with higher proportions of mutualists were less supportive of lethal control of wolves (Canis lupus) and had lower percentages of active hunters, who represent the traditional clientele of state wildlife agencies in the United States. We contend that agencies will need to embrace new strategies to engage and represent a growing segment of the public with mutualism values. Our model merits testing for application in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State UniversityCampus Delivery 1480Fort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State UniversityCampus Delivery 1480Fort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Andrew W. Don Carlos
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State UniversityCampus Delivery 1480Fort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Leeann Sullivan
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State UniversityCampus Delivery 1480Fort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Alan D. Bright
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State UniversityCampus Delivery 1480Fort CollinsCO80523U.S.A.
| | - Alia M. Dietsch
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesOhio State University210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey RoadColumbusOH43210U.S.A.
| | - Jeremy Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesOhio State University210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey RoadColumbusOH43210U.S.A.
| | - David Fulton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson HallSaint PaulMN55108U.S.A.
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25
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Ghasemi B. Trophy hunting and conservation: Do the major ethical theories converge in opposition to trophy hunting? PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ghasemi
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Lab & Applied Biodiversity Science Program Department of Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
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26
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Hansson-Forman K, Sandström C, Ericsson G. What influences hunting participation of potential new hunters? Qualitative insights from Sweden. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hansson-Forman
- K. Hansson-Forman ✉ and C. Sandström, Dept of Political Science, Umeå Univ., Biblioteksgränd 6, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Camilla Sandström
- K. Hansson-Forman ✉ and C. Sandström, Dept of Political Science, Umeå Univ., Biblioteksgränd 6, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Ericsson
- G. Ericsson, Dept of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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27
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van Eeden LM, Slagle K, Newsome TM, Crowther MS, Dickman CR, Bruskotter JT. Exploring nationality and social identity to explain attitudes toward conservation actions in the United States and Australia. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1165-1175. [PMID: 32090380 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding human attitudes toward wildlife management is critical to implementing effective conservation action and policy. Understanding the factors that shape public attitudes toward different wildlife management actions is limited, however, which can result in unpredictable public responses to interventions. We drew on comparisons between residents of 2 countries on separate continents to explore differences in attitudes toward wildlife management and determine factors important in shaping these attitudes. We surveyed representative publics via market research panels in Australia (n = 881 respondents) and the United States (n = 1287). We applied a social-identity approach and demography to identify factors that explained variance between responses about wildlife management. We compared responses between countries overall and within subgroups of respondents who strongly identified as environmentalists, animal rights activists, wildlife conservation advocates, and farmers. We created aggregate scores for the management-related response items per respondent and used regression analyses to identify the relative importance of country, identity, age, and gender in explaining variance between responses. These factors accounted for 15.3% of variance among responses. Australians overall were generally more accepting of lethal wildlife management actions than U.S. respondents. Differences in national attitudes reflected differences between United States and Australian wildlife management and policy, highlighting the importance of understanding social attitudes in shaping conservation policy. Identifying as a farmer followed by identifying as an animal rights activist most shaped attitudes toward wildlife management. Identity-related conflicts could be initiated or exacerbated by conservation interventions that fail to consider identity-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M van Eeden
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Environment and Forest Sciences, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98115-2100, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Slagle
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, U.S.A
| | - Thomas M Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher R Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy T Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, U.S.A
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28
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Proulx G, Cattet M, Serfass TL, Baker SE. Updating the AIHTS Trapping Standards to Improve Animal Welfare and Capture Efficiency and Selectivity. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1262. [PMID: 32722315 PMCID: PMC7459571 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1999, after pressure from the European Union, an Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards (AIHTS) that would result in the banning of the steel-jawed leghold traps in the European Community, Canada, and Russia was signed. The United States implemented these standards through an Agreed Minute with the European Community. Over the last two decades, scientists have criticized the AIHTS for (1) omitting species that are commonly trapped; (2) threshold levels of trap acceptance that are not representative of state-of-the-art trap technology; (3) excluding popular traps which are commonly used by trappers although they are known to cause prolonged pain and stress to captured animals; (4) inadequate coverage of capture efficiency and species selectivity (i.e., number of captures of target and non-target species) performance. Concerns about the ability of standards and test procedures to ensure animal welfare, and about the implementation of standards, have also been voiced by wildlife biologists, managers, and conservation groups. In this review, we present a synopsis of current trapping standards and test procedures, and we compare the standards to a then contemporary 1985-1993 Canadian trap research and development program. On the basis of the above-noted concerns about AIHTS, and our experience as wildlife professionals involved in the capture of mammals, we formulated the following hypotheses: (1) the list of mammal species included in the AIHTS is incomplete; (2) the AIHTS have relatively low animal welfare performance thresholds of killing trap acceptance and do not reflect state-of-the-art trapping technology; (3) the AIHTS animal welfare indicators and injuries for restraining traps are insufficient; (4) the AIHTS testing procedures are neither thorough nor transparent; (5) the AIHTS protocols for the use of certified traps are inadequate; (6) the AIHTS procedures for the handling and dispatching of animals are nonexistent; (7) the AIHTS criteria to assess trap capture efficiency and species selectivity are inappropriate. We conclude that the AIHTS do not reflect state-of-the-art trapping technology, and assessment protocols need to be updated to include trap components and sets, animal handling and dispatching, and trap visit intervals. The list of traps and species included in the standards should be updated. Finally, the concepts of capture efficiency and trap selectivity should be developed and included in the standards. Based on our review, it is clear that mammal trapping standards need to be revisited to implement state-of-the-art trapping technology and improve capture efficiency and species selectivity. We believe that a committee of international professionals consisting of wildlife biologists and veterinarians with extensive experience in the capture of mammals and animal welfare could produce new standards within 1-2 years. We propose a series of measures to fund trap testing and implement new standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Proulx
- Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd., 229 Lilac Terrace, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 1W3, Canada
| | - Marc Cattet
- RGL Recovery Wildlife Health & Veterinary Services, 415 Mount Allison Crescent, Saskatoon, SK S7H 4A6, Canada;
| | - Thomas L. Serfass
- Department of Biology and Natural Resources, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA;
| | - Sandra E. Baker
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK;
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29
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Hamilton LC, Lambert JE, Lawhon LA, Salerno J, Hartter J. Wolves are back: Sociopolitical identity and opinions on management of
Canis lupus. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna E. Lambert
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Lydia Anne Lawhon
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jonathan Salerno
- Human Dimensions of Natural ResourcesColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Joel Hartter
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
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30
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Swan GJF, Redpath SM, Crowley SL, McDonald RA. Understanding diverse approaches to predator management among gamekeepers in England. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George J. F. Swan
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
- Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Steve M. Redpath
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Sarah L. Crowley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
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31
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Eeden LM, Slagle K, Crowther MS, Dickman CR, Newsome TM. Linking social identity, risk perception, and behavioral psychology to understand predator management by livestock producers. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily M. Eeden
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Kristina Slagle
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 U.S.A
| | - Mathew S. Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas M. Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2006 Australia
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32
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Love Off, Fear On? Brown Bear Acceptance by Teenagers in European Countries with Differing Population Statuses. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acceptance of large carnivores is one of the key issues for their conservation. We analyzed the level acceptance of brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758) amongst 10–18 year old school students in four European countries using anonymous questionnaires. Our aim was to characterize the drivers of species acceptance, described as a rural–urban cline, as well as fear levels and the respondents’ familiarity with bears. We found lower levels of acceptance of bears were related to fear of bears and that bear acceptance was not higher in the bear-inhabited countries, but urban inhabitants tended to better accept the species. Factor analysis revealed the importance of country-related aspects, familiarity with bears, experiences in human-wildlife conflict, gender-age differences, respondent’s relationship to nature and the origin of their knowledge of the species. We consider that bear-related education and mass media in Latvia and Lithuania could reduce fear of these animals and sustain their acceptance, while human–wildlife conflict management measures in Bulgaria and Turkey are recommended to boost the appreciation of the species.
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33
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Beyond conflict: exploring the spectrum of human–wildlife interactions and their underlying mechanisms. ORYX 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s003060531800159x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHumans have lived alongside and interacted with wild animals throughout evolutionary history. Even though wild animals can damage property, or injure humans and domesticated animals, not all interactions between humans and wildlife are negative. Yet, research has tended to focus disproportionately on negative interactions leading to negative outcomes, labelling this human–wildlife conflict. Studies have identified several factors, ranging from gender, religion, socio-economics and literacy, which influence people's responses to wildlife. We used the ISI Web of Knowledge database to assess quantitatively how human–wildlife interactions are framed in the scientific literature and to understand the hypotheses that have been invoked to explain these. We found that the predominant focus of research was on human–wildlife conflict (71%), with little coverage of coexistence (2%) or neutral interactions (8%). We suggest that such a framing is problematic as it can lead to biases in conservation planning by failing to consider the nuances of people's relationships with wildlife and the opportunities that exist for conservation. We propose a typology of human responses to wildlife impacts, ranging from negative to positive, to help moderate the disproportionate focus on conflict. We suggest that standardizing terminology and considering interactions beyond those that are negative can lead to a more nuanced understanding of human–wildlife relations and help promote greater coexistence between people and wildlife. We also list the various influential factors that are reported to shape human–wildlife interactions and, to generate further hypotheses and research, classify them into 55 proximate (correlates) and five ultimate (mechanisms) factors.
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Brown AA, Dean AJ, Possingham H, Biggs D. The role of animal welfare values in the rhino horn trade debate. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Brown
- Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Angela J. Dean
- Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The School of Communications & Arts The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Hugh Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The Nature Conservancy South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Duan Biggs
- Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, School of Public Leadership Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
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Laverty TM, Teel TL, Thomas REW, Gawusab AA, Berger J. Using pastoral ideology to understand human–wildlife coexistence in arid agricultural landscapes. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Laverty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Rebecca E. W. Thomas
- Department of Parks, Conservation, and Recreational Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joel Berger
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
- Americas Program, Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York
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Public Green Infrastructure Contributes to City Livability: A Systematic Quantitative Review. LAND 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/land7040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with the Land Urbanism and Green Infrastructure theme of this special issue of Land, the primary goal of this review is to provide a plain language overview of recent literature that reports on the psychological, physiological, general well-being, and wider societal benefits that humans receive as a result of experiencing public green infrastructure (PGI) and nature in urbanized landscapes. This enhanced well-being and the wider societal benefits that accrue to urban dwellers as a result of interacting with quality PGI contributes to the concept known as city or urban livability. The quantitative analysis and theoretical synthesis reported in this review can inform decision makers, stakeholders, and other PGI and urban nature (UN) researchers of the benefits that urban populations receive from experiencing quality PGI spaces and UN and the contribution those spaces make to the livability of urban areas. With diminishing opportunities for the acquisition of new public open space to increase PGI and re-establish UN near urban centers, the efficient management and continuous improvement of existing PGI and UN is essential to promote and foster opportunities for human-to-nature contact and the known benefits therein derived. In addition to identifying an increased research interest and publication of articles that report on the contribution of PGI spaces to urban livability over the past decade, the review identifies and reports on the seven focus areas of PGI-livability research and the six attributes of PGI spaces that the current literatures report as contributing to the livability of urbanized landscapes. After providing a quantitative analysis for the reporting of those research areas and PGI attributes and summarizing key findings reported in the literature regarding the contribution that PGI spaces make to urban livability, this review also identifies knowledge gaps in the published literature and puts forward recommendations for further research in this rapidly expanding multidisciplinary field of research and policy development.
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Liu HL(S, Sharp RL. Influence of attitudes toward wildlife on preferences for management of American black bears. URSUS 2018. [DOI: 10.2192/ursu-d-17-00016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ling (Stella) Liu
- South Dakota State University, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, 407 Wagner, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Ryan L. Sharp
- Kansas State University, Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, 2021 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Effective Biodiversity Conservation Requires Dynamic, Pluralistic, Partnership-Based Approaches. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cerri J, Ferretti M, Coli L. Where the wild things are: urbanization and income affect hunting participation in Tuscany, at the landscape scale. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manfredo MJ, Bruskotter JT, Teel TL, Fulton D, Schwartz SH, Arlinghaus R, Oishi S, Uskul AK, Redford K, Kitayama S, Sullivan L. Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:772-780. [PMID: 27757996 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The hope for creating widespread change in social values has endured among conservation professionals since early calls by Aldo Leopold for a "land ethic." However, there has been little serious attention in conservation to the fields of investigation that address values, how they are formed, and how they change. We introduce a social-ecological systems conceptual approach in which values are seen not only as motivational goals people hold but also as ideas that are deeply embedded in society's material culture, collective behaviors, traditions, and institutions. Values define and bind groups, organizations, and societies; serve an adaptive role; and are typically stable across generations. When abrupt value changes occur, they are in response to substantial alterations in the social-ecological context. Such changes build on prior value structures and do not result in complete replacement. Given this understanding of values, we conclude that deliberate efforts to orchestrate value shifts for conservation are unlikely to be effective. Instead, there is an urgent need for research on values with a multilevel and dynamic view that can inform innovative conservation strategies for working within existing value structures. New directions facilitated by a systems approach will enhance understanding of the role values play in shaping conservation challenges and improve management of the human component of conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 1480 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy T Bruskotter
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, U.S.A
| | - Tara L Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 1480 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, U.S.A
| | - David Fulton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, 200 Hodson Hall, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Shalom H Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, P.O. Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, U.S.A
| | - Ayse K Uskul
- School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NP, U.K
| | - Kent Redford
- Archipelago Consulting, P.O. Box 4750, Portland, ME, 04112, U.S.A
| | - Shinobu Kitayama
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 1004 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, U.S.A
| | - Leeann Sullivan
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 1480 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, U.S.A
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Abstract
AbstractThere is a broad set of human beliefs, attitudes and behaviours around the issue of magical animals, referring to both mythical animals not recognized by science and extant animals that are recognized by science but have magical properties. This is a broad issue ranging from spiritual beliefs around mythical animals living in Malagasy forests, to cultural heritage associated with the Loch Ness Monster in Scotland. Beliefs and behaviours around magical animals can have positive and negative impacts on biodiversity conservation goals. Yet, so far, the discipline of conservation biology has not adequately considered magical animals, neglecting to account for the broader knowledge from outside the natural sciences on this issue, and taking a narrow, utilitarian approach to how magical animals should be managed, without necessarily considering the broader impacts on conservation goals or ethics. Here we explore how magical animals can influence conservation goals, how conservation biology and practice has thought about magical animals, and some of the limitations of current approaches, particularly the failure to consider magical animals as part of wider systems of belief and culture. We argue that magical animals and their implications for conservation merit wider consideration.
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Are wildlife value orientations useful tools to explain tolerance and illegal killing of wildlife by farmers in response to crop damage? EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bruskotter JT, Vucetich JA, Manfredo MJ, Karns GR, Wolf C, Ard K, Carter NH, López-Bao JV, Chapron G, Gehrt SD, Ripple WJ. Modernization, Risk, and Conservation of the World's Largest Carnivores. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dietsch AM, Teel TL, Manfredo MJ. Social values and biodiversity conservation in a dynamic world. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2016; 30:1212-1221. [PMID: 27112595 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding what shape values (which ultimately shape human behavior) will help improve the effectiveness of conservation solutions that depend on public support. To contribute to this understanding, we investigated the influence of societal-level changes, such as modernization, on values in a multilevel framework. We collected survey responses (n = 4183) to questionnaires mailed to a random selection of households within each county in Washington (U.S.A.) (response rate 32%). We used multilevel modeling to determine the relationship between modernization (e.g., county-level urbanization, wealth, and education) and wildlife value orientations (values that shape thought about wildlife) while controlling for individual-level sociodemographics. We then explored how values influence conservation support at different levels (e.g., individual and county) and how values explain conservation support in a case study of public responses to wolf (Canis lupis) recovery. We found positive associations between county-level examples of modernization and mutualism (a wildlife value orientation that prioritizes the perceived needs of wildlife) independent of a respondent's sociodemographics, and negative associations between modernization and domination (a wildlife value orientation that prioritizes human needs). Our results suggest that context has an additive impact on one's values; certain locations exhibited domination values, whereas others exhibited a mix of value types. This finding is important because actions that restrict human interests to promote biodiversity were negatively associated with domination and positively associated with mutualism. In the wolf case study, mutualism was strongly correlated with less social conflict over wolf recovery in many, but not all, counties (e.g., Pearson's r correlation = 0.59 in one county and a nonsignificant correlation in another). Our findings suggest that modernization operates on values within a state with implications for biodiversity, but other factors in addition to values must be investigated to fully understand what leads to proconservation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Dietsch
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, 2021 Coffey Road, 210 Kottman Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, U.S.A..
| | - Tara L Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, U.S.A
| | - Michael J Manfredo
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, U.S.A
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Buettel JC, Brook BW. Egress! How technophilia can reinforce biophilia to improve ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie C. Buettel
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 55 Hobart 7001 Australia
| | - Barry W. Brook
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 55 Hobart 7001 Australia
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