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Gonçalves C, Pinho P. A manifesto for coastal landscape governance: Reframing the relationship between coastal and landscape governance. AMBIO 2024; 53:1454-1465. [PMID: 38822969 PMCID: PMC11383885 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand for substantial reforms in the governance of coastal regions. Recent research advocates for a transformative shift in European coastal governance system towards a landscape governance approach. This perspective, informed by a narrative literature review on coastal and landscape governance, explores the potential value of coastal landscape governance, drawing on the Council of Europe Landscape Convention. Our results, presented in the form of a manifesto, underscore the need to move beyond political administrative boundaries and address all coastal landscapes as socio-ecological systems. It emphasises the necessity for the State to recognise them as a public and common good, establishing a specific governance arena with dedicated actors and institutions. The manifesto also advocates for landscape justice through knowledge co production, urging transformative change and landscape based regional design to envision alternative futures. Additionally, it calls for regionalising coastal landscape governance and invites scholars from other transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives to contribute to this research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- CITTA - Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Pinho
- CITTA - Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Baptista RM, Rodrigues MA, Roselet F, Costa CSB, da Silva PEA, Ramos DF. Coastal natural products: a review applied to antimycobacterial activity. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38832530 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2361333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the many advances in drug research, natural products are still being explored as a promising source for discovering new bioactive compounds to treat global diseases such as tuberculosis. However, there is a lack of studies and information about coastal natural products, which thrive in the transitional environment between two different ecosystems and produce unique secondary metabolites. Mangroves, estuaries, and mudflats make up areas for coastal species and have shown promising results in antituberculosis research, some of them are present in hotspot areas. This review focuses on research conducted in coastal environments and explores the reasons why these natural products tend to outperform non-coastal ones against the causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Moreira Baptista
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | - Marcos Alaniz Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | - Fabio Roselet
- Instituto de Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
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3
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Macé B, Mouillot D, Dalongeville A, Bruno M, Deter J, Varenne A, Gudefin A, Boissery P, Manel S. The Tree of Life eDNA metabarcoding reveals a similar taxonomic richness but dissimilar evolutionary lineages between seaports and marine reserves. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17373. [PMID: 38703047 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Coastal areas host a major part of marine biodiversity but are seriously threatened by ever-increasing human pressures. Transforming natural coastlines into urban seascapes through habitat artificialization may result in loss of biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. Yet, the extent to which seaports differ from nearby natural habitats and marine reserves across the whole Tree of Life is still unknown. This study aimed to assess the level of α and β-diversity between seaports and reserves, and whether these biodiversity patterns are conserved across taxa and evolutionary lineages. For that, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to survey six seaports on the French Mediterranean coast and four strictly no-take marine reserves nearby. By targeting four different groups-prokaryotes, eukaryotes, metazoans and fish-with appropriate markers, we provide a holistic view of biodiversity on contrasted habitats. In the absence of comprehensive reference databases, we used bioinformatic pipelines to gather similar sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). In contrast to our expectations, we obtained no difference in MOTU richness (α-diversity) between habitats except for prokaryotes and threatened fishes with higher diversity in reserves than in seaports. However, we observed a marked dissimilarity (β-diversity) between seaports and reserves for all taxa. Surprisingly, this biodiversity signature of seaports was preserved across the Tree of Life, up to the order. This result reveals that seaports and nearby marine reserves share few taxa and evolutionary lineages along urbanized coasts and suggests major differences in terms of ecosystem functioning between both habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Macé
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Morgane Bruno
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Deter
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Andromède Océanologie, Mauguio, France
| | - Alix Varenne
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, Nice, France
- Ecocean, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'eau Rhône-Méditerranée-Corse, Délégation de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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4
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Verniest F, Galewski T, Boutron O, Dami L, Defos du Rau P, Guelmami A, Julliard R, Popoff N, Suet M, Willm L, Abdou W, Azafzaf H, Bendjedda N, Bino T, Borg JJ, Božič L, Dakki M, Hamoumi RE, Encarnação V, Erciyas-Yavuz K, Etayeb K, Georgiev V, Hamada A, Hatzofe O, Ieronymidou C, Langendoen T, Mikuska T, Molina B, Moniz F, Moussy C, Ouassou A, Petkov N, Portolou D, Qaneer T, Sayoud S, Šćiban M, Topić G, Uzunova D, Vine G, Vizi A, Xeka E, Zenatello M, Gaget E, Viol IL. Exposure of wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to sea-level rise in the Mediterranean. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14288. [PMID: 38757477 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Sea-level rise (SLR) is expected to cause major changes to coastal wetlands, which are among the world's most vulnerable ecosystems and are critical for nonbreeding waterbirds. Because strategies for adaptation to SLR, such as nature-based solutions and designation of protected areas, can locally reduce the negative effects of coastal flooding under SLR on coastal wetlands, it is crucial to prioritize adaptation efforts, especially for wetlands of international importance for biodiversity. We assessed the exposure of coastal wetlands important for nonbreeding waterbirds to projected SLR along the Mediterranean coasts of 8 countries by modeling future coastal flooding under 7 scenarios of SLR by 2100 (from 44- to 161-cm rise) with a static inundation approach. Exposure to coastal flooding under future SLR was assessed for 938 Mediterranean coastal sites (≤30 km from the coastline) where 145 species of nonbreeding birds were monitored as part of the International Waterbird Census and for which the monitoring area was delineated by a polygon (64.3% of the coastal sites monitored in the Mediterranean region). Thirty-four percent of sites were threatened by future SLR, even under the most optimistic scenarios. Protected study sites and study sites of international importance for waterbirds were, respectively, 1.5 and 2 times more exposed to SLR than the other sites under the most optimistic scenario. Accordingly, we advocate for the development of a prioritization scheme to be applied to these wetlands for the implementation of strategies for adaptation to SLR to anticipate the effects of coastal flooding. Our study provides major guidance for conservation planning under global change in several countries of the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Verniest
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Galewski
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | - Olivier Boutron
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | - Laura Dami
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | | | - Anis Guelmami
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | - Romain Julliard
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Nadège Popoff
- Aquabio, 108 Av. du Lac Léman, La Motte-Servolex, France
| | - Marie Suet
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | - Loïc Willm
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Arles, France
| | - Wed Abdou
- Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, El Maadi Helwan, Egypt
| | - Hichem Azafzaf
- Association "Les Amis des Oiseaux" (AAO/BirdLife en Tunisie), Ariana, Tunisia
| | | | - Taulant Bino
- Albanian Ornithological Society, "Ymer Kurti", Olympia Center, Tirana, Albania
| | - John J Borg
- National Museum of Natural History, Vilhena Palace, Mdina, Malta
| | - Luka Božič
- DOPPS - Birdlife Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mohamed Dakki
- Groupe de Recherche pour la Protection des Oiseaux au Maroc (GREPOM), Résidence Oum Hani IV, Salé, Morocco
| | - Rhimou El Hamoumi
- Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Vitor Encarnação
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, IP (ICNF), Centro de Estudos de Migrações e Proteção de Aves (CEMPA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Khaled Etayeb
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, the University of Tripoli. Alfornaj, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Valeri Georgiev
- Ministry of Environment and Water, National Nature Protection Service Directorate, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ayman Hamada
- Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, El Maadi Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ohad Hatzofe
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority Headquarters Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Tibor Mikuska
- Croatian Society for Bird and Nature Protection, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Blas Molina
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Madrid, Spain
| | - Filipe Moniz
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Caroline Moussy
- LPO-BirdLife France, Fonderies Royales, Rochefort Cedex, France
| | - Asmaâ Ouassou
- Groupe de Recherche pour la Protection des Oiseaux au Maroc (GREPOM), Résidence Oum Hani IV, Salé, Morocco
| | - Nicky Petkov
- Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Tareq Qaneer
- The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN), Jubaiha, Jordan
| | - Samir Sayoud
- Direction générale des Forêts, Ben Aknoun, Algeria
| | - Marko Šćiban
- Bird Protection and Study Society of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Goran Topić
- Nase Ptice Ornithological Society, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Gal Vine
- The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN), Jubaiha, Jordan
| | - Andrej Vizi
- History Museum of Montenegro, Trg Vojvode Bećir-bega Osmanagića 16, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Erald Xeka
- Albanian Ornithological Society, "Ymer Kurti", Olympia Center, Tirana, Albania
| | - Marco Zenatello
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Elie Gaget
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Isabelle Le Viol
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau Cedex, France
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Buss DL, Dierickx K, Falahati-Anbaran M, Elliot D, Rankin LK, Whitridge P, Frasier B, Richard JS, van den Hurk Y, Barrett JH. Archaeological evidence of resource utilisation of walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, over the past two millennia: A systematic review protocol. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 4:86. [PMID: 39070944 PMCID: PMC11283631 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, is an iconic pinniped and predominant molluscivore that is well adapted to Arctic and subarctic environments. Its circumpolar distribution, large body size and ivory tusks facilitated its vital role as food, raw material (for tools and art), income, and cultural influence on many Arctic Indigenous communities for millennia. Intensification of hunting (often due to the arrival of Europeans, especially between the 16 th and 19 th centuries) to obtain ivory, hide, blubber and meat, resulted in diminished, sometimes extirpated, walrus populations. Zooarchaeological, artefactual and documentary evidence of walrus material has been collated at local and regional scales and is frequently focused on a specific culture or period of time. Systematic collation of this evidence across the Northern Hemisphere will provide insight into the chronology and circumpolar distribution of walrus hunting and provide a tool to document societal change in walrus resource use. Here, we lay out a systematic review protocol to collate records of archaeological walrus artefacts, tusks and bones that have been documented primarily within published literature to archive when and where (as feasible) walrus extractions occurred between 1 CE and 2000 CE. These data will be openly available for the scientific community. The resulting dataset will be the first to provide spatiotemporal information (including the recognition of knowledge gaps) regarding past walrus populations and extirpations on a circumpolar scale. Our protocol is published to ensure reproducibility and comparability in the future, and to encourage the adoption of systematic review methodology (including pre-published protocols) in archaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Buss
- Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim, Trøndelag, 7491, Norway
| | - Katrien Dierickx
- Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim, Trøndelag, 7491, Norway
| | - Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran
- Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim, Trøndelag, 7491, Norway
| | - Deirdre Elliot
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Lisa K. Rankin
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Peter Whitridge
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Simon Richard
- Musee des Îles de la Madeleine, Les Îles de la Madeleine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youri van den Hurk
- Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim, Trøndelag, 7491, Norway
| | - James H. Barrett
- Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim, Trøndelag, 7491, Norway
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6
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Sanchez L, Loiseau N, Edgar GJ, Hautecoeur C, Leprieur F, Manel S, McLean M, Stuart-Smith RD, Velez L, Mouillot D. Rarity mediates species-specific responses of tropical reef fishes to protection. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14418. [PMID: 38532624 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are the most widely applied tool for marine biodiversity conservation, yet many gaps remain in our understanding of their species-specific effects, partly because the socio-environmental context and spatial autocorrelation may blur and bias perceived conservation outcomes. Based on a large data set of nearly 3000 marine fish surveys spanning all tropical regions of the world, we build spatially explicit models for 658 fish species to estimate species-specific responses to protection while controlling for the environmental, habitat and socio-economic contexts experienced across their geographic ranges. We show that the species responses are highly variable, with ~40% of fishes not benefitting from protection. When investigating how traits influence species' responses, we find that rare top-predators and small herbivores benefit the most from MPAs while mid-trophic level species benefit to a lesser extent, and rare large herbivores experience adverse effects, indicating potential trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sanchez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cyril Hautecoeur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Laure Velez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Akerlof KL, Loevenich J, Melena S, Lipsky CA. Behaviorally segmented audiences for managing sunscreen chemical pollution risk in protected coastal natural resource areas. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:349-365. [PMID: 37188329 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This audience segmentation of visitors at coastal parks in Hawaii and North Carolina addresses an emergent natural resource management concern and risk to aquatic ecosystems: sunscreen chemical pollution. Four audiences were identified that correspond to different behavioral profiles: sunscreen protection tourists, multimodal sun protection tourists, in-state frequent park visitors, and frequent beachgoers who skip sunscreen. The second-largest audience, sunscreen protection tourists, represents 29% of visitors at Cape Lookout National Seashore and 25% at Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park. This group ranks of most concern for chemical pollution because they use sunscreen, but not typically mineral formulations or other methods such as protective clothing, and they have lower levels of sunscreen chemical issue awareness. The identification of similar audience segments across regions with differing cultural characteristics and sunscreen regulation status suggests the robustness of the model and its indicator variables, with implications for both environmental protection and public health. Further, coastal visitors' interest in enacting pro-environmental sun protection behaviors during their next park or beach visit indicates the potential for natural resource managers to holistically address risks in both domains through targeted interventions with audiences of most concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Akerlof
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Jacqueline Loevenich
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara Melena
- Natural Resource Stewardship & Science Directorate, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine A Lipsky
- Natural Resource Stewardship & Science Directorate, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Cowling RM, Cawthra H, Privett S, Grobler BA. The vegetation of Holocene coastal dunes of the Cape south coast, South Africa. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16427. [PMID: 38107568 PMCID: PMC10722985 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vegetation of calcareous coastal dunes of Holocene age along the south coast of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region is poorly described. This vegetation comprises a mosaic of communities associated with two biomes, Fynbos and Subtropical Thicket. Previously, expert knowledge rather than quantitative floristic analysis has been used to identify and delimit vegetation units. In many areas, mapped units conflate vegetation on Holocene sand with that on unconsolidated sediments of late Pleistocene age, despite pronounced species turnover across this edaphic boundary. Despite dominance by Cape lineages and fynbos vegetation, dune vegetation in the eastern part of the region has been included in the Subtropical Thicket Biome rather than the Fynbos Biome. The high levels of local plant endemism associated with this dune vegetation and the small and fragmented configuration of these habitats, makes it an urgent conservation priority especially when placed in the context of rising sea levels, increasing development pressures and numerous other threats. Here we provide a quantitative analysis of 253 plots of the 620 km2 of Holocene dune vegetation of the study area using phytosociological and multivariate methods. We identified six fynbos and two thicket communities based on the occurrences of 500 species. Following a long tradition in Cape vegetation typology, we used the Strandveld (beach vegetation) concept as our first-order vegetation entity and identified six units based on the fynbos floras. These were, from east to west, Southeastern Strandveld, St Francis Strandveld, Goukamma Strandveld, Southwestern Strandveld and Grootbos Strandveld. Each unit was differentiated by a suite of differential species, most being Holocene dune endemics. The two thicket communities-Mesic and Xeric Dune Thicket-showed limited variation across the study area and were subsumed into the Strandveld units. We discussed our findings in terms of vegetation-sediment relationships, emphasizing the need for a greater geographical coverage of sediment ages to facilitate a better understanding of deposition history on vegetation composition. We also discussed the role of soil moisture and fire regime on structuring the relative abundance of fynbos and thicket across the Holocene dune landscape. Finally, we address the conservation implications of our study, arguing that all remaining Holocene dune habitat should be afforded the highest conservation priority in regional land-use planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Cowling
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Hayley Cawthra
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Minerals and Energy Unit, Council for Geoscience (Western Cape Office), Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sean Privett
- Grootbos Foundation, Grootbos Nature Reserve, Gansbaai, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - B. Adriaan Grobler
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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9
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Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Adler AM, Goodell W, Jenkinson R, Knopp JA, Thompson CDH, Timmers M, Walsh CAJ, Sala E. Shallow subtidal marine benthic communities of Nachvak Fjord, Nunatsiavut, Labrador: A glimpse into species composition and drivers of their distribution. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293702. [PMID: 37943756 PMCID: PMC10635441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fjords along the northern Labrador coast of Arctic Canada are influenced by freshwater, nutrients, and sediment inputs from ice fields and rivers. These ecosystems, further shaped by both Atlantic and Arctic water masses, are important habitats for fishes, marine mammals, seabirds, and marine invertebrates and are vital to the Labrador Inuit who have long depended on these areas for sustenance. Despite their ecological and socio-cultural importance, these marine ecosystems remain largely understudied. Here we conducted the first quantitative underwater scuba surveys, down to 12 m, of the nearshore marine ecology of Nachvak Fjord, which is surrounded by Torngat Mountains National Park located in Nunatsiavut, the Indigenous lands claim region of northeastern Canada. Our goal was to provide the Nunatsiavut Government with a baseline of the composition and environmental influences on the subtidal community in this isolated region as they work towards the creation of an Indigenous-led National Marine Conservation Area that includes Nachvak Fjord. We identified four major benthic habitat types: (1) boulders (2) rocks with sediment, (3) sediment with rocks, and (4) unconsolidated sediments, including sand, gravel, and cobble. Biogenic cover (e.g., kelp, coralline algae, and sediment) explained much of the variability in megabenthic invertebrate community structure. The kelp species Alaria esculenta, Saccharina latissima, and Laminaria solidungula dominated the boulder habitat outside of the fjord covering 35%, 13%, and 11% of the sea floor, respectively. In contrast, the middle and inner portions of the fjord were devoid of kelp and dominated by encrusting coralline algae. More diverse megabenthic invertebrate assemblages were detected within the fjord compared to the periphery. Fish assemblages were depauperate overall with the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, and the Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, dominating total fish biomass contributing 64% and 30%, respectively. Understanding the composition and environmental influences within this fjord ecosystem not only contributes towards the protection of this ecological and culturally important region but serves as a baseline in a rapidly changing climatic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | | | - Alyssa M. Adler
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Whitney Goodell
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ryan Jenkinson
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Jennie A. Knopp
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Oceans North, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher D. H. Thompson
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Marine Futures Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, West Australia, Australia
| | - Molly Timmers
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Cameron A. J. Walsh
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
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10
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Joubert E, Gauff RPM, de Vogüé B, Chavanon F, Ravel C, Bouchoucha M. Artificial fish nurseries can restore certain nursery characteristics in marine urban habitats. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106108. [PMID: 37506652 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Port areas are subjected to multiple anthropic pressures that directly impact residing marine communities and deprive them of most of their essential ecological functions. Several global projects aim to rehabilitate certain ecosystem functions in port areas, such as a fish nursery function, by installing artificial fish nurseries (AFN). In theory, AFNs increase fish biodiversity and juvenile fish abundance in port areas, but studies on this subject remain scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether the use of such AFNs could restore part of the nursery function of natural habitats by increasing fish and juvenile abundance, and by decreasing predation intensity compared to bare docks. Two years of monitoring on AFNs showed they hosted 2.1 times more fish than on control docks and up to 2.4 more fish juveniles. Fish community structures were influenced by both treatment (AFN and Control) and year of monitoring. In general, AFNs hosted a greater taxonomic diversity of fish than controls. The predation intensity around these structures was significantly lower in the AFNs than in controls. Part of the definition of a fish nursery was thus verified, indicating that AFNs might be an effective restoration tool. However, we also noted that total fish abundance and Young of the Year (YOY) abundance decreased in controls, possibly due to a concentration effect. Further detailed monitoring is necessary to distinguish between these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Joubert
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France.
| | - Robin P M Gauff
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, Chioggia, Italy
| | - Benoist de Vogüé
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Fabienne Chavanon
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Christophe Ravel
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Marc Bouchoucha
- Ifremer, Lab Environm Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
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11
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Velázquez-Ochoa R, Enríquez S. Environmental degradation of the Mexican Caribbean reef lagoons. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114947. [PMID: 37086550 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient attention to the large volumes of wastewater produced by expansive tourism and urban development in the north of the Mexican Caribbean has increased concerns on the ecological and economic sustainability of this important tourist destination, which is currently threatened by massive arrivals of pelagic Sargassum. Comparing environmental descriptions for sites exposed to contrasting anthropogenic pressure and before and during massive Sargassum tides, uncovered significant shifts in the environmental conditions in the last 20 years, from oligotrophic to mesotrophic-eutrophic conditions. The most significant changes were observed in the north, for habitats exposed to high anthropogenic pressure. Accordingly, the severe threat that massive Sargassum beaching currently represents for the survival of Caribbean coral reefs cannot be considered the only driver of reef eutrophication in the Mexican Caribbean, as the habitat degradation documented here has an important contribution from anthropogenic fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Velázquez-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal #13, 77500 Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Susana Enríquez
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal #13, 77500 Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
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12
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Letessier TB, Mannocci L, Goodwin B, Embling C, de Vos A, Anderson RC, Ingram SN, Rogan A, Turvey ST. Contrasting ecological information content in whaling archives with modern cetacean surveys for conservation planning and identification of historical distribution changes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14043. [PMID: 36756799 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many species are restricted to a marginal or suboptimal fraction of their historical range due to anthropogenic impacts, making it hard to interpret their ecological preferences from modern-day data alone. However, inferring past ecological states is limited by the availability of robust data and biases in historical archives, posing a challenge for policy makers . To highlight how historical records can be used to understand the ecological requirements of threatened species and inform conservation, we investigated sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) distribution in the Western Indian Ocean. We assessed differences in information content and habitat suitability predictions based on whale occurrence data from Yankee whaling logs (1792-1912) and from modern cetacean surveys (1995-2020). We built maximum entropy habitat suitability models containing static (bathymetry-derived) variables to compare models comprising historical-only and modern-only data. Using both historical and modern habitat suitability predictions we assessed marine protected area (MPA) placement by contrasting suitability in- and outside MPAs. The historical model predicted high habitat suitability in shelf and coastal regions near continents and islands, whereas the modern model predicted a less coastal distribution with high habitat suitability more restricted to areas of steep topography. The proportion of high habitat suitability inside versus outside MPAs was higher when applying the historical predictions than the modern predictions, suggesting that different marine spatial planning optimums can be reached from either data sources. Moreover, differences in relative habitat suitability predictions between eras were consistent with the historical depletion of sperm whales from coastal regions, which were easily accessed and targeted by whalers, resulting in a modern distribution limited more to steep continental margins and remote oceanic ridges. The use of historical data can provide important new insights and, through cautious interpretation, inform conservation planning and policy, for example, by identifying refugee species and regions of anticipated population recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom B Letessier
- FRB-CESAB, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laura Mannocci
- FRB-CESAB, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Brittney Goodwin
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Clare Embling
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Asha de Vos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Oceanswell, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Simon N Ingram
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Andy Rogan
- Ocean Alliance, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
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13
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Kraufvelin P, Bergström L, Sundqvist F, Ulmestrand M, Wennhage H, Wikström A, Bergström U. Rapid re-establishment of top-down control at a no-take artificial reef. AMBIO 2023; 52:556-570. [PMID: 36324024 PMCID: PMC9849640 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of artificial reefs and no-take areas are management measures available for restoring deteriorated marine ecosystems, compensating for habitat loss and strengthening harvested populations. Following the establishment of no-take artificial reefs in western Sweden to compensate for hard bottoms lost to a shipping lane, we detected rapid positive effects on crustaceans and demersal fish compared to fished reference areas. The relative abundance and size structure of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) increased strongly in the no-take area indicating more than doubled and tripled egg production in 5 and 10 years, respectively. For benthic fish and crustacean communities, the abundances of gadoids and wrasses increased and the abundances of small decapod crustaceans decreased in the no-take area, likely indicating cascading effects of increased predation. The study demonstrates that relatively small no-take areas, enhanced by artificial reefs, can rapidly invigorate populations of lobster and fish that in turn may re-initiate local top-down control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Kraufvelin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
- Åland University of Applied Sciences, PB 1010, AX-22111 Mariehamn, Åland, Finland
| | - Lena Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Frida Sundqvist
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Yttre Skällåkra 6, 432 65 Väröbacka, Sweden
| | - Mats Ulmestrand
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Havsfiskelaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, Box 4, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wennhage
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Havsfiskelaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, Box 4, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wikström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Havsfiskelaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, Box 4, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Ulf Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skolgatan 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
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14
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Keppeler FW, Junker JR, Shaw MJ, Alford SB, Engel AS, Hooper‐Bùi LM, Jensen OP, Lamb K, López‐Duarte PC, Martin CW, McDonald AM, Olin JA, Paterson AT, Polito MJ, Rabalais NN, Roberts BJ, Rossi RE, Swenson EM. Can biodiversity of preexisting and created salt marshes match across scales? An assessment from microbes to predators. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich W. Keppeler
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - James R. Junker
- Great Lakes Research Center Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Margaret J. Shaw
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Scott B. Alford
- Nature Coast Biological Station University of Florida Cedar Key Florida USA
| | - Annette S. Engel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences The University of Tennessee–Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Linda M. Hooper‐Bùi
- Department of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Olaf P. Jensen
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Katelyn Lamb
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Paola C. López‐Duarte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - Charles W. Martin
- Nature Coast Biological Station University of Florida Cedar Key Florida USA
| | - Ashley M. McDonald
- Nature Coast Biological Station University of Florida Cedar Key Florida USA
| | - Jill A. Olin
- Great Lakes Research Center Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Audrey T. Paterson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences The University of Tennessee–Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Michael J. Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Nancy N. Rabalais
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | | | - Ryann E. Rossi
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium Chauvin Louisiana USA
- St. Andrew and St. Joseph Bays Estuary Program Florida State University Panama City Panama City Florida USA
| | - Erick M. Swenson
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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15
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Auber A, Waldock C, Maire A, Goberville E, Albouy C, Algar AC, McLean M, Brind'Amour A, Green AL, Tupper M, Vigliola L, Kaschner K, Kesner-Reyes K, Beger M, Tjiputra J, Toussaint A, Violle C, Mouquet N, Thuiller W, Mouillot D. A functional vulnerability framework for biodiversity conservation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4774. [PMID: 36050297 PMCID: PMC9437092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is a challenging goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective management of all ecosystems. Safeguarding the most threatened ecosystems requires accurate and integrative quantification of their vulnerability and their functioning, particularly the potential loss of species trait diversity which imperils their functioning. However, the magnitude of threats and associated biological responses both have high uncertainties. Additionally, a major difficulty is the recurrent lack of reference conditions for a fair and operational measurement of vulnerability. Here, we present a functional vulnerability framework that incorporates uncertainty and reference conditions into a generalizable tool. Through in silico simulations of disturbances, our framework allows us to quantify the vulnerability of communities to a wide range of threats. We demonstrate the relevance and operationality of our framework, and its global, scalable and quantitative comparability, through three case studies on marine fishes and mammals. We show that functional vulnerability has marked geographic and temporal patterns. We underline contrasting contributions of species richness and functional redundancy to the level of vulnerability among case studies, indicating that our integrative assessment can also identify the drivers of vulnerability in a world where uncertainty is omnipresent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Auber
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Conor Waldock
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Maire
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, Chatou, France
| | - Eric Goberville
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Camille Albouy
- Ecosystems and Landscape evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam C Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anik Brind'Amour
- IFREMER, unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, Nantes, cedex 3, France
| | - Alison L Green
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tupper
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Reach, Portsmouth, UK
- CGG, Crompton Way, Crawley, UK
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- UMR ENTROPIE, IRD-UR-UNC-IFREMER-CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, Nouméa Cedex, New-Caledonia, France
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jerry Tjiputra
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- CESAB - FRB, Montpellier, France
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, Cedex, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - David Mouillot
- UMR MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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16
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Obrist DS, Fitzpatrick OT, Brown NEM, Hanly PJ, Nijland W, Reshitnyk LY, Wickham SB, Darimont CT, Reynolds JD, Starzomski BM. Scale-dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9270. [PMID: 36177118 PMCID: PMC9461347 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although species richness can be determined by different mechanisms at different spatial scales, the role of scale in the effects of marine inputs on island biogeography has not been studied explicitly. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of island characteristics and marine inputs (seaweed wrack biomass and marine-derived nitrogen in the soil) on plant species richness at both a local (plot) and regional (island) scale on 92 islands in British Columbia, Canada. We found that the effects of subsidies on species richness depend strongly on spatial scale. Despite detecting no effects of marine subsidies at the island scale, we found that as plot level subsidies increased, species richness decreased; plots with more marine-derived nitrogen in the soil hosted fewer plant species. We found no effect of seaweed wrack at either scale. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the decrease in diversity, we fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to evaluate species level responses to marine subsidies and effects of biotic interactions among species. We found mixed evidence for competition for both light and nutrients, and cannot rule out an alternative mechanism; the observed decrease in species richness may be due to disturbances associated with animal-mediated nutrient deposits, particularly those from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). By evaluating the scale-dependent effects of marine subsidies on island biogeographic patterns of plants and revealing likely mechanisms that act on community composition, we provide novel insights on the scale dependence of a fundamental ecological theory, and on the rarely examined links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems often bridged by animal vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora S. Obrist
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Owen T. Fitzpatrick
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Norah E. M. Brown
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Patrick J. Hanly
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Wiebe Nijland
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Physical GeographyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Sara B. Wickham
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Chris T. Darimont
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Raincoast Conservation FoundationSidneyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John D. Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Brian M. Starzomski
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
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