1
|
Andre N, Usher A, Ofri M, Kilimnik V, Horev A. Examining the benefits of extended patch test series in children: a comprehensive analysis. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:1200-1204. [PMID: 38411217 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing presence of allergens in materials and scarce data on allergic contact dermatitis in children has increased our need to refine its diagnosis in this population. We aimed to analyze children's specific responsivity to highly reactive subcomponents of Fragrance mix I, Fragrance mix II, and Textile dye mix from the European baseline series. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patch test records of children aged 2 to 18 who underwent patch testing with the European baseline series between 2014 and 2022 in Israel. RESULTS A total of 367 children were included in the study. In all, 160 children had positive results; 43 patients reacted to one of the mixes, and 20 performed further testing. Eleven of them completed the extended series at the exact same times as the regular European series, which benefited children. Farnesol was the most reactive compound (30.8%). CONCLUSIONS Performing the extended European series provides a more accurate and time-efficient allergic contact dermatitis diagnosis. Farnesol reactivity appears prominent in children and may justify tighter product regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Andre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alisa Usher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pediatrics Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mai Ofri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Amir Horev
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pediatric Dermatology Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geier J, Schubert S, Rieker-Schwienbacher J, Brans R, Weisshaar E, Kränke B, Brockow K, Ruёff F, Recke A, Uter W. Declining frequency of sensitization to fragrance mixes I and II: IVDK-data of the years 2012-2021. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:470-478. [PMID: 38146081 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EU Commission Regulation 2017/1410 prohibits using atranol and chloroatranol, the main allergens in Evernia prunastri (oakmoss), and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) in cosmetic products. Oakmoss absolute is contained in fragrance mix (FM) I and HICC in FM II which are patch tested as screening mixtures in the baseline series. OBJECTIVE To describe the time trends of reaction frequencies to both FMs as well as to their components in FM-positive patients. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2012-2021. RESULTS Positive reactions to FM I (FM II) declined from 9.1% (4.7%) in 2012 to 4.6% (3.0%) in 2021. Full breakdown tests were performed in 24% (FM I) and 31% (FM II), respectively, of the mix-positive patients. From this data, frequencies of sensitization to the 14 single fragrances of FM I and FM II were calculated. For the majority, a decline was noted from 2012/2013 to 2020/2021, for oakmoss absolute 1.9%-0.8% and for HICC 1.8%-0.9%. CONCLUSION EU Commission Regulation 2017/1410 was an effective measure. However, our data have some limitations, possibly causing underestimation of sensitization frequencies to fragrances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Unit for Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Ruёff
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Recke
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bangalore-Kumar A, Jin MF, Kunkel H, Sathe N, Hall MR, Drage LA, Youssef M, Yang YW, Yiannias JA, Killian J, Davis MDP. Results of Patch Testing to Botanicals: Review of the Mayo Clinic Experience Over 2 Decades (1997-2017). Dermatitis 2024; 35:43-48. [PMID: 38011689 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Botanicals are increasingly incorporated into skincare products. Although allergic contact dermatitis due to botanicals is recognized, data describing the prevalence of positive patch tests to botanicals are sparse. Objective: To report the Mayo Clinic experience of patch testing to selected botanical products in the standard, extended standard, fragrance, and plant series. Methods: IRB-approved retrospective study of the Mayo Clinic experience with patch testing to botanicals from 1997 to 2017. Results: In total, 12,169 people were patch tested to botanicals in the standard, extended standard, fragrance, and plant series; 4032 were men and 8137 were women. The mean age of the population tested was 54 (standard deviation 17.7) years. Almost 11% (1320/12,169) of the patch-tested population exhibited positive reactions to at least 1 botanical agent. Myroxylon pereirae resin 25% was the most common positive allergen in the series. Patients who had positive reactions to at least 1 botanical agent were more (19.8%) likely to have a positive reaction to at least 1 additional botanical than those patients who did not have any positive tests. Most patients presented with generalized involvement (334) or involvement of the hands (284) or face (232). Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the high prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis and patch test positivity associated with botanical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio F Jin
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hilary Kunkel
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nishad Sathe
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew R Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa A Drage
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Molly Youssef
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yul W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - James A Yiannias
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jill Killian
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark D P Davis
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilkinson SM, Gonçalo M, Aerts O, Badulici S, Dickel H, Gallo R, Garcia-Abujeta JL, Giménez-Arnau AM, Hamman C, Hervella M, Isaksson M, Johansen JD, Mahler V, Niklasson B, Pigatto P, Ponyai G, Rustemeyer T, Schuttelaar MLA, Spiewak R, Stingeni L, Thyssen JP, Uter W. The European baseline series and recommended additions: 2023. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:87-92. [PMID: 36443008 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The European baseline series was last updated in 2019. This article discusses the reasoning behind a further iteration of the series for 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olivier Aerts
- University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sonia Badulici
- Alfa Medical Services, Bucharest, Romania.,Dermato-Aesthetic Institute Dr. Irinel Nedelcu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosella Gallo
- Clinica Dermatologica-DISSAL-Università di Genova Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Curt Hamman
- Contact Dermatitis Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marcos Hervella
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paolo Pigatto
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gyorgyi Ponyai
- Department of Dermatology-Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Luca Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stingeni L, Hansel K, Corazza M, Foti C, Schena D, Fabbrocini G, Patruno C, Bianchi L, Tramontana M, Guarneri F, Biondi F, Bruni M, Marietti R, Napolitano M, Schettini N, Sensini C. Contact allergy to hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde in Italy: Prevalence, trend, and concordance with fragrance mix II. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:129-133. [PMID: 36305627 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC), contained in fragrance mix II (FM II), has been recognized as a contact sensitizer since the mid-1990s. After several attempts to reduce its use during the last two decades, HICC was permanently banned from the European market in August 2021. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and the time trend of contact allergy to HICC and to investigate the concordance of HICC allergy compared to FM II allergy in an unselected Italian patch test population. METHODS/PATIENTS Retrospective analysis on demographics and patch test results of HICC-sensitized and/or FM II-sensitized patients was performed over a 6-year period (2016-2021) at 6 patch test Clinics in Italy. RESULTS Among 7266 patients (4942 females, 68.0%, mean age 45.4 ± 20.6 years), 1% (70) resulted positive to HICC and 2.1% (153) to FM II. Clinical relevance was documented in 72.9% (51/70) of HICC positive patients. Among the 169 HICC and/or FM II positive patients, 9.5% had a positive reaction to HICC only, 31.9% to both HICC and FM II, and 58.6% to FM II only. The prevalence trend line of HICC positive reactions showed a decrease from 1.15% (2016) to 0.96% (2021). CONCLUSIONS We documented a decreasing trend of HICC allergy in Italy, in line with the data recently reported in literature. Nevertheless, HICC should be maintained in the baseline series to monitor the benefits of its ban from the European market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Stingeni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katharina Hansel
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Schena
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Section of Dermatology, Health Sciences Department, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Tramontana
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krijl RC, Ipenburg NA, Franken SM, Rustemeyer T. What is the added value of patch testing with 30 fragrance allergens in addition to the European baseline series? Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:390-397. [PMID: 35122278 PMCID: PMC9302649 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Patch testing with the fragrance allergy markers in the European baseline series (EBS) does not identify all patients with fragrance allergy. Hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene have been shown to be useful allergens in detecting fragrance sensitization. Objectives To evaluate the added value of testing with 30 fragrance allergens in addition to the EBS. Methods All patients with suspected fragrance allergy who underwent patch testing at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between November 2019 and January 2021 to the EBS and fragrance series were included. Results Of 323 patients tested, 162 (50.2%) were found to be fragrance sensitized. The most sensitizing single allergens were the hydroperoxides of linalool (1.0 and 0.5% pet.) and limonene (0.3 and 0.2% pet.). Testing with the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene identified 62 fragrance‐sensitized patients (38.3%) who could not be detected by the common fragrance markers. Of all fragrance‐sensitized patients, 21 (13.0%) would have been missed when not testing with the fragrance series. Conclusions Patch testing with the fragrance series in addition to the EBS is valuable. To reduce the risk of false‐negative reactions, it is advisable to test the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene.
Highlights
Of the 323 patients with suspected fragrance allergy, 162 (50.2%) were found to be fragrance sensitized. Testing with the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene identified 62 fragrance‐sensitized patients (38.3%) who could not be detected by the European baseline series (EBS) fragrance markers. When not tested with the fragrance series, 21 (13.0%) of the sensitized patients would have been missed. Routinely performing patch testing with the fragrance series in addition to linalool and limonene hydroperoxide as part of the EBS is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie C Krijl
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbertus A Ipenburg
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Franken
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marmgren V, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Hindsén M, Bruze M. Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:660-670. [PMID: 34414573 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population. METHODS Data on patch and photopatch tests performed between 2009-2018 were collected. Ketoprofen-photoallergic patients were compared with dermatitis patients and published data on the general population regarding the prevalence and the distribution of contact allergy to FM I and its components. RESULTS A higher prevalence of contact allergy to cinnamyl alcohol compared with cinnamal (23.3% vs 10.0%), and eugenol compared with isoeugenol (23.3% vs 6.7%), was observed in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients, while the relationship was the opposite in the dermatitis group (0.7% vs 1.05%; 0.4% vs 0.9%). The overall prevalence of contact allergy to several components of FM I was significantly higher in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients. CONCLUSIONS Contact allergy to FM I and many of its components is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen compared with dermatitis patients and the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marmgren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guarneri F, Corazza M, Stingeni L, Patruno C, Napolitano M, Pigatto PDM, Gallo R, Cristaudo A, Romita P, Offidani A, Schena D, Milanesi N, Micali G, Zucca M, Foti C. Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru): Still worth testing? Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:269-273. [PMID: 33748955 PMCID: PMC8453940 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Because Myroxylon pereirae (MP), or balsam of Peru, is nowadays almost not used “as such,” and fragrance mix 1 (FM1) apparently is more sensitive in detecting fragrance allergy, the usefulness of testing MP in baseline series was recently questioned. Objectives Identification of the number of clinically relevant patch test reactions to MP not detected by FM1. Methods Retrospective analysis of 12 030 patients patch tested with MP and FM1 for contact dermatitis between January 2018 and December 2019 in 13 Italian dermatology clinics. Results Four hundred thirty‐nine patients (3.6%) had a positive patch test reaction to MP; 437 (3.6%) had a positive patch test reaction to FM1. Positive reactions to both MP and FM1 were observed in 119 subjects (1.0%), 310 (2.6%) reacted to MP only, 304 (2.5%) to FM1 only, 5 to MP and sorbitan sesquioleate (SSO), 9 to FM1 and SSO, and 5 to MP, FM1, and SSO. Single sensitizations were clinically relevant in 75.2% of cases for MP (62.9% current, 12.3% past) and 76.3% for FM1 (70.1% current, 6.2% past). Conclusions Based on our results, MP appears to be still worth testing along with FM1 in baseline series, because it allows detection of a remarkable number of fragrance allergies, often relevant, which would be otherwise missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Sezione di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maddalena Napolitano
- Department of Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo D M Pigatto
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosella Gallo
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- UOSD Dermatologia MST, Ambientale, Tropicale e Immigrazione, Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Romita
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Donatella Schena
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Milanesi
- Allergological and Occupational Dermatology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, AUTC and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micali
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, PO G. Rodolico, AOU Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Myriam Zucca
- Dermatologic clinic, University Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Geier J, Schubert S, Schnuch A, Szliska C, Weisshaar E, Kränke B, Werfel T, Ruëff F, Schröder-Kraft C, Buhl T. A negative breakdown test in a fragrance mix I-positive patient does not rule out contact allergy to its fragrance constituents. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 84:407-418. [PMID: 33533485 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In about half of the patients reacting positive to fragrance mix I (FM I), breakdown testing remains negative. This raises the question of whether the reaction to FM I is false-positive, or the breakdown test is false-negative. OBJECTIVES To identify characteristics and sensitization patterns of patients positive to FM I, but not to its fragrance constituents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 2005 and 2019. Three patient groups were defined according to their reaction pattern: Group I, FM I positive and ≥1 single fragrance positive in the breakdown test (n = 1912); Group II, FM I positive and breakdown test negative (n = 1318); Group III, FM I negative (n = 19 790). RESULTS Regarding the pattern of concomitant reactions to other fragrances, Group II had an intermediate position between Group I and Group III. In other respects (age and sex distribution, frequency of sensitization to non-fragrance baseline series allergens), Group II rather resembled Group I. CONCLUSIONS Not every positive reaction to FM I in patients with negative breakdown tests is false-positive. There may be false-negative reactions to the single fragrance components when patch tested at 1% pet. Raising patch concentrations of some single fragrances is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Elke Weisshaar
- Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karl University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Ruëff
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Schröder-Kraft
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) of the University of Osnabrück and Dermatologic Center, BG Trauma Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahlström MG, Uter W, Ahlström MG, Johansen JD. Decrease of contact allergy to hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde in Europe prior to its ban and diagnostic value. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 84:419-422. [PMID: 33453125 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) has been the most reported fragrance chemical for two decades and will be prohibited in cosmetic products from August 2021. OBJECTIVES To describe the time trend of HICC contact allergy in European patients with dermatitis in 2009 to 2019, and the added value of testing HICC separately in the baseline series. METHODS Data were reviewed for 124 472 patients with dermatitis who were patch tested with HICC 5% pet. in the baseline series in the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy (ESSCA) network (2009 to 2018) and at the Herlev-Gentofte Hospital Department of Dermatology and Allergy (2009 to 2019). RESULTS Contact allergy to HICC was found in 1.98% of 9865 patients in Gentofte and 1.62% of 114 607 patients in the ESSCA network. Overall, the prevalence decreased annually, with 0.156 percentage points (P = .001) in Gentofte and 0.051 percentage points (P = .0002) in ESSCA. The frequency of missed contact allergy to HICC when testing only with fragrance mix II (FMII) was 0.17% (17/9865) and 0.35% (405/114607) of the whole test population in the Gentofte and ESSCA populations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate a significant decline in HICC allergy in European patients with dermatitis, most likely attributed to the upcoming European ban.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin G Ahlström
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Magnus G Ahlström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The European Baseline Series. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Contact Allergy to Fragrances. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Brans R, Jakasa I, Goc S, John SM, Kezic S. Stratum corneum levels of inflammatory mediators and natural moisturizing factor in patch test reactions to thiurams and fragrances and their possible role in discrimination between irritant and allergic reactions to hapten mixtures. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:299-307. [PMID: 33222241 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch test (PT) reactions to thiuram mix (TM) and fragrance mix (FM) I or II without concomitant reactions to their single constituents are potentially caused by the irritant properties of the mixes. OBJECTIVE Comparing inflammatory profiles of PT reactions to TM, FM I, FM II, and their constituents and assessing their potential in discrimination of irritant and allergic reactions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Levels of 14 cytokines and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) were determined in stratum corneum samples collected from PT reactions to TM, FM I or II, their constituents, and petrolatum (pet.) control sites in 36 individuals. RESULTS Levels of interleukin (IL)-16, chemokine (CXC motif) ligand (CXCL) 8, CXCL10, chemokine (CC motif) ligand (CCL) 17, and CCL22 were significantly increased in reactions (+, ++) to thiurams and fragrances compared to their petrolatum. controls, except for PT reactions to FM I/II with negative breakdown testing in which, however, decreased levels of NMF were observed. In doubtful reactions to FM I/II with negative breakdown testing, NMF was significantly lower than in petrolatum controls. CONCLUSIONS PT reactions to thiurams and fragrances indicate a Th2-skewed inflammation. The inflammatory profiles suggest that weak or doubtful FM I/II reactions without accompanying reaction to a constituent were irritant. IL-16 might be suitable to distinguish irritant from allergic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Goc
- Department for Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Swen M John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dear K, Bala H, Palmer A, Nixon RL. How good is the Australian baseline series at detecting allergic contact dermatitis? Australas J Dermatol 2020; 62:51-56. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dear
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin Health Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Harini Bala
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin Health Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Amanda Palmer
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin Health Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Rosemary Louise Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre Skin Health Institute Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahler V, Nast A, Bauer A, Becker D, Brasch J, Breuer K, Dickel H, Drexler H, Elsner P, Geier J, John SM, Kreft B, Köllner A, Merk H, Ott H, Pleschka S, Portisch M, Spornraft-Ragaller P, Weisshaar E, Werfel T, Worm M, Schnuch A, Uter W. S3 guidelines: Epicutaneous patch testing with contact allergens and drugs - Short version, Part 1. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 17:1076-1093. [PMID: 31631537 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis. The present guidelines are aimed at residents and board-certified physicians in the fields of dermatology and allergology as well as other medical specialties involved in establishing the indication for patch testing and its execution in patients with contact dermatitis and other forms of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The target audience also includes other health care providers and insurance funds. Based on a systematic literature search and a formal consensus process (S3), the guidelines were developed by dermatologists in collaboration with pediatricians, occupational medicine physicians, nursing staff as well as patient representatives. The systematic methodological approach and appraisal of evidence upon which the recommendations are based are outlined in a separate method report that also contains evidence tables. The guidelines address general aspects of patch testing as well as medicolegal issues. The recommendations given relate to topics such as the indication for patch testing, informed patient consent, as well as the choice of test substances, test chambers and test site, duration of exposure, reading times and interpretation of test reactions. Furthermore, recommendations are provided with respect to endogenous and exogenous factors, specific patient groups (children, pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals) as well as possible risks and adverse events associated with patch testing using contact allergens. Note: This publication is part 1 of the short version of the S3 guidelines for "Epicutaneous patch testing using contact allergens and drugs" (registry no. 013 - 018; date: March 20, 2019; valid until December 31, 2021). Part 2 of the short version will be published in the next issue. The long version of these guidelines can be accessed at www.awmf.org. The method report is available as online publication (https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/013-018.html) and contains the evidence tables in its appendix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Alexander Nast
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology, Division of Evidence-based Medicine (dEBM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Dresden Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Brasch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristine Breuer
- Dermatology Practice (Dermatologie Reinbek), Reinbek, Germany
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich--Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kreft
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Hans Merk
- Professor of Dermatology and Allergology, Former Chairman of the Department of Dermatology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hagen Ott
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silvia Pleschka
- German Allergy and Asthma Foundation (Deutscher Allergie- und Asthmabund e.V.), Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Maria Portisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Spornraft-Ragaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Dresden Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Division of Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology, Charité - UniversityMedicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IMBE), Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis to fragrance is common. The prevalence of fragrance allergy in the general population is between 0.7% and 2.6%. In patch-test populations, the positive reaction rate to fragrances ranges from 5% to 11%. The most common fragrance screeners in most baseline series include fragrance mix 1, fragrance mix 2, and Balsam of Peru. The addition of hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, hydroperoxides of limonene, and hydroperoxides of linalool to screening series can further aid in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. In the proper clinical setting, supplemental patch testing with an additional fragrance or essential oil series should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margo J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1 South Park Street, 7th Floor, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Contact Allergy to Fragrances. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_86-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
The European Baseline Series. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_64-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Mahler V, Nast A, Bauer A, Becker D, Brasch J, Breuer K, Dickel H, Drexler H, Elsner P, Geier J, John SM, Kreft B, Köllner A, Merk H, Ott H, Pleschka S, Portisch M, Spornraft‐Ragaller P, Weisshaar E, Werfel T, Worm M, Schnuch A, Uter W. S3‐Leitlinie: Durchführung des Epikutantests mit Kontaktallergenen und Arzneimitteln – Kurzfassung Teil 1. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:1075-1093. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13956_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mahler
- Hautklinik Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen
- Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen
| | - Alexander Nast
- Division of Evidence‐Based Medicine (dEBM)Klinik für DermatologieVenerologie und AllergologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden
| | | | - Jochen Brasch
- Klinik für DermatologieVenerologie und AllergologieUniversitätsklinikum Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel
| | | | - Heinrich Dickel
- Klinik für DermatologieVenerologie und AllergologieSt. Josef‐Hospital Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum
| | - Hans Drexler
- Institut für Arbeits‐, Sozial‐ und Umweltmedizin der Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen
| | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für HautkrankheitenUniversitätsklinikum Jena Jena
| | - Johannes Geier
- Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken (IVDK) e.V. an der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Göttingen
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm) an der Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück
| | - Burkhard Kreft
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und VenerologieUniversitätsklinikum Halle (Saale) Halle
| | | | - Hans Merk
- Univ.‐Professor für Dermatologie & AllergologieDirektor (em.) der Hautklinik – RWTH Aachen University Aachen
| | - Hagen Ott
- Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt (HKA): Kinder‐ und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult Hannover
| | | | - Maria Portisch
- Hautklinik Universitätsklinikum ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen
| | - Petra Spornraft‐Ragaller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Berufsdermatologie, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und VenerologieMedizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover
| | - Margitta Worm
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken (IVDK) e.V. an der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Göttingen
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMBE)Medizinische Fakultät der Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Groot AC. Myroxylon pereirae
resin (balsam of Peru) – A critical review of the literature and assessment of the significance of positive patch test reactions and the usefulness of restrictive diets. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:335-353. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
An Update on Fragrance Contact Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-0196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
Silvestre JF, Mercader P, González-Pérez R, Hervella-Garcés M, Sanz-Sánchez T, Córdoba S, Sánchez-Pérez J, Heras-Mendoza F, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gatica-Ortega ME, Pastor-NIeto MA, Zaragoza V, Carrascosa JM, García-Bravo B, Ruiz-González I, Borrego L, Sánchez-Pedreño P, de Frutos JO, Armario-Hita JC, García-Gavín J, Fernández-Redondo V. Sensitization to fragrances in Spain: A 5-year multicentre study (2011-2015). Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:94-100. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Silvestre
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital General Universitario de Alicante; Alicante Spain
| | - Pedro Mercader
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital General Universitario Jose M Morales Meseguer; Murcia Spain
| | | | | | | | - Susana Córdoba
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada; Fuenlabrada Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Violeta Zaragoza
- Department of Dermatology; Consorci Hospital Universitari de Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Jose M. Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona Spain
| | - Begoña García-Bravo
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Leopoldo Borrego
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria; Las Palmas Spain
| | | | - Javier O. de Frutos
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Juan García-Gavín
- Department of Dermatology; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schnuch A, Griem P. Duftstoffe als Allergene. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-018-1675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Uter W. Weitere Duftstoffallergene. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-018-1577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Uter W. Extended patch-test screening for fragrance contact allergy: findings and challenges. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:592-593. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; Waldstr. 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ung C, White J, White I, Banerjee P, McFadden J. Patch testing with the European baseline series fragrance markers: a 2016 update. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:776-780. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.Y. Ung
- Guy's and St Thomas’ University Hospital; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London U.K
| | - J.M.L. White
- Guy's and St Thomas’ University Hospital; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London U.K
| | - I.R. White
- Guy's and St Thomas’ University Hospital; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London U.K
| | - P. Banerjee
- Guy's and St Thomas’ University Hospital; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London U.K
| | - J.P. McFadden
- Guy's and St Thomas’ University Hospital; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilkinson M, Gallo R, Goossens A, Johansen JD, Rustemeyer T, Sánchez-Pérez J, Schuttelaar ML, Uter W. A proposal to create an extension to the European baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 78:101-108. [PMID: 29194657 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current European baseline series consists of 30 allergens, and was last updated in 2015. OBJECTIVES To use data from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) to propose an extension to the European baseline series in response to changes in environmental exposures. METHODS Data from departmental and national extensions to the baseline series, together with some temporary additions from departments contributing to the ESSCA, were collated during 2013-2014. RESULTS In total, 31689 patients were patch tested in 46 European departments. Many departments and national groups already consider the current European baseline series to be a suboptimal screen, and use their own extensions to it. The haptens tested are heterogeneous, although there are some consistent themes. Potential haptens to include in an extension to the European baseline series comprise sodium metabisulfite, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, additional markers of fragrance allergy, propolis, Compositae mix, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. CONCLUSION In combination with other published work from the ESSCA, changes to the current European baseline series are proposed for discussion. As well as addition of the allergens listed above, it is suggested that primin and clioquinol should be deleted from the series, owing to reduced environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Rosella Gallo
- Clinica Dermatologica, Department of Health Sciences (DiSSAL), Università di Genova, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - An Goossens
- Contact Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Free University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marie L Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bennike NH, Oturai NB, Müller S, Kirkeby CS, Jørgensen C, Christensen AB, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Fragrance contact allergens in 5588 cosmetic products identified through a novel smartphone application. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:79-85. [PMID: 28796916 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 25% of the adult European population suffers from contact allergy, with fragrance substances recognized as one of the main causes. Since 2005, 26 fragrance contact allergens have been mandatory to label in cosmetic products within the EU if present at 10 ppm or above in leave-on and 100 ppm or above in wash-off cosmetics. OBJECTIVE To examine exposure, based on ingredient labelling, to the 26 fragrances in a sample of 5588 fragranced cosmetic products. METHODS The investigated products were identified through a novel, non-profit smartphone application (app), designed to provide information to consumers about chemical substances in cosmetic products. Products registered through the app between December 2015 and October 2016 were label checked according to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) for the presence of the 26 fragrance substances or the wording 'fragrance/parfum/aroma'. RESULTS The largest product categories investigated were 'cream, lotion and oil' (n = 1192), 'shampoo and conditioner' (n = 968) and 'deodorants' (n = 632). Among cosmetic products labelled to contain at least one of the 26 fragrances, 85.5% and 73.9% contained at least two and at least three of the 26 fragrances, respectively. Linalool (49.5%) and limonene (48.5%) were labelled most often among all investigated products. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC/Lyral® ) was found in 13.5% of deodorants. Six of the 26 fragrance substances were labelled on less than one per cent of all products, including the natural extracts Evernia furfuracea (tree moss) and Evernia prunastri (oak moss). A total of 329 (5.9%) products had one or more of the 26 fragrance substances labelled but did not have 'parfum/fragrance/aroma' listed on the label. CONCLUSIONS Consumers are widely exposed to, often multiple, well-established fragrance contact allergens through various cosmetic products intended for daily use. Several fragrance substances that are common causes of contact allergy were rarely labelled in this large sample of cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N H Bennike
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - N B Oturai
- Danish Consumer Council THINK Chemicals, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - S Müller
- Danish Consumer Council THINK Chemicals, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - C S Kirkeby
- Danish Consumer Council THINK Chemicals, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - C Jørgensen
- Danish Consumer Council THINK Chemicals, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A B Christensen
- Danish Consumer Council THINK Chemicals, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - C Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - J D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mowitz M, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Isaksson M, Pontén A, Bruze M. Simultaneous patch testing with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II and their ingredients in southern Sweden between 2009 and 2015. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:280-287. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mowitz
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02 Malmö Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Gimenéz-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Uter W, Johansen JD. Immunological, chemical and clinical aspects of exposure to mixtures of contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:133-142. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Bonefeld
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elena Gimenéz-Arnau
- Laboratory of Dermatochemistry, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Laboratory of Dermatochemistry, Institute of Chemistry-CNRS UMR 7177; University of Strasbourg; 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology-Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bennike NH, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Non-mix fragrances are top sensitizers in consecutive dermatitis patients - a cross-sectional study of the 26 EU-labelled fragrance allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:270-279. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels H. Bennike
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
In last 30 to 40 years there has been a significant increase in the incidence of allergy. This increase cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Increasing air pollution and its interaction with biological allergens along with changing lifestyles are contributing factors. Dust mites, molds, and animal allergens contribute to most of the sensitization in the indoor setting. Tree and grass pollens are the leading allergens in the outdoor setting. Worsening air pollution and increasing particulate matter worsen allergy symptoms and associated morbidity. Cross-sensitization of allergens is common. Treatment involves avoidance of allergens, modifying lifestyle, medical treatment, and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Singh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, 1850 East Park Avenue, Suite 207, State College, PA 16803, USA.
| | - Amy Hays
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, 303 Benner Pike #1, State College, PA 16803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnston G, Exton L, Mohd Mustapa M, Slack J, Coulson I, English J, Bourke J, McHenry P, Gibbon K, Buckley D, Leslie T, Mallon E, Wakelin S, Ungureanu S, Hunasehally R, Cork M, Natkunarajah J, Worsnop F, Chiang N, Donnelly J, Saunders C, Brain A, Exton LS. British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis 2017. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:317-329. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Johnston
- Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW U.K
| | - L.S. Exton
- British Association of Dermatologists Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HQ U.K
| | - M.F. Mohd Mustapa
- British Association of Dermatologists Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square London W1T 5HQ U.K
| | - J.A. Slack
- Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Infirmary Square Leicester LE1 5WW U.K
| | - I.H. Coulson
- Department of Dermatology Burnley General Hospital Casterton Avenue Burnley BB10 2PQ U.K
| | | | - J.F. Bourke
- Department of Dermatology South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital Old Blackrock Road Cork City Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bennike N, Zachariae C, Johansen J. Trends in contact allergy to fragrance mix I in consecutive Danish patients with eczema from 1986 to 2015: a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1035-1041. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.H. Bennike
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - C. Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - J.D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev-Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Fragrance Allergens, Overview with a Focus on Recent Developments and Understanding of Abiotic and Biotic Activation. COSMETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics3020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
39
|
Zaragoza-Ninet V, Blasco Encinas R, Vilata-Corell J, Pérez-Ferriols A, Sierra-Talamantes C, Esteve-Martínez A, de la Cuadra-Oyanguren J. Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Cosmetics: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Hospital. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
40
|
Zaragoza-Ninet V, Blasco Encinas R, Vilata-Corell J, Pérez-Ferriols A, Sierra-Talamantes C, Esteve-Martínez A, de la Cuadra-Oyanguren J. Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a cosméticos, estudio clínico-epidemiológico en un hospital terciario. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:329-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
41
|
Pongpairoj K, Puangpet P, Thaiwat S, McFadden JP. ShouldEvernia furfuraceabe included in a baseline screening series of contact allergens? Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:257-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Korbkarn Pongpairoj
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 9RT UK
| | - Pailin Puangpet
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supitchaya Thaiwat
- Dermatologic Department, Division of Medicine; Phramongkutklao Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - John P. McFadden
- Department of Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 9RT UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Basketter D, Safford B. Skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment: A review of underlying assumptions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Sabroe RA, Holden CR, Gawkrodger DJ. Contact allergy to essential oils cannot always be predicted from allergy to fragrance markers in the baseline series. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:236-41. [PMID: 26806578 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils are fragrance substances that are labelled on cosmetic products by their INCI names, potentially confusing consumers. OBJECTIVES To establish whether contact allergy to essential oils might be missed if not specifically tested for. METHODS We tested 471 patients with 14 essential oils and 2104 patients with Melaleuca alternifolia oil between January 2008 and June 2014. All patients were tested with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, and Myroxylon pereirae. Three hundred and twenty-six patients were tested with hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool. RESULTS Thirty-four patients had a +/++/+++ reaction to at least one essential oil. Eleven had no reaction to any of the six marker fragrance substances. Thus, 4 of 11 positive reactions to M. alternifolia oil, 2 of 7 reactions to Cymbopogon flexuosus oil, 1 of 5 reactions to Cananga odorata oil, 3 of 4 reactions to Santalum album oil and 2 of 3 reactions to Mentha piperita oil would have been missed without individual testing. CONCLUSION A small number of patients who are allergic to essential oils could be missed if these are not specifically tested. Labelling by INCI names means that exposure may not be obvious. Careful inspection of so-called 'natural' products and targeted testing is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Sabroe
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Catherine R Holden
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - David J Gawkrodger
- Department of Dermatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vejanurug P, Tresukosol P, Sajjachareonpong P, Puangpet P. Fragrance allergy could be missed without patch testing with 26 individual fragrance allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:230-5. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patnapa Vejanurug
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; 420/7 Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Poohglin Tresukosol
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; 420/7 Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Praneet Sajjachareonpong
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; 420/7 Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Pailin Puangpet
- Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Unit; Institute of Dermatology; 420/7 Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- W. Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen/Nürnberg; Waldstr. 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Schwensen JF, Bregnbak D, Johansen JD. Recent trends in epidemiology, sensitization and legal requirements of selected relevant contact allergens. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 12:289-300. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob F. Schwensen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - David Bregnbak
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Diepgen TL, Ofenloch R, Bruze M, Cazzaniga S, Coenraads PJ, Elsner P, Goncalo M, Svensson Å, Naldi L. Prevalence of fragrance contact allergy in the general population of five European countries: a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1411-9. [PMID: 26332456 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy to fragrances is assessed mostly in clinical populations of patients. Studies in the general population are scarce and vary in their methodology across countries. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of fragrance contact allergy in the European general population and to assess the clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions to different fragrances. METHODS In five European countries (Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden) a random sample from the general population aged 18-74 years was drawn. In total, 12 377 subjects were interviewed in this cross-sectional study and a random sample (n = 3119) was patch tested using the TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques. Patch test procedures were harmonized by mandatory training before the study and monitoring during the study. RESULTS The highest prevalence for contact allergy of 2·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1-3·2] was found for fragrance mix (FM) I in petrolatum, with a high content of atranol and chloratranol, followed by 1·9% (95% CI 1·5-2·4) for FM II in petrolatum. The conservatively estimated prevalence of fragrance contact allergy was 1·9% (95% CI 1·5-2·5). This is defined as the existence of a positive patch test to FM I or FM II; any of their individual materials; Myroxylon pereirae; sesquiterpene lactones or 3- and 4-hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde that show clinical relevance, defined conservatively as lifetime avoidance of scented products and an itchy skin rash lasting > 3 days in a lifetime. Using the reported lifetime prevalence of any contact dermatitis instead of the lifetime prevalence of any itchy skin rash, the prevalence is 0·8% (95% CI 0·5-1·2). The prevalence rates of contact allergy to fragrances in women are about twice those in men. CONCLUSIONS This study helps to identify targets for prevention of fragrance allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Diepgen
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 3, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Ofenloch
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Thibautstraße 3, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Malmö, S-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Cazzaniga
- Department of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Centro Studi GISED - FROM Presidio Ospedaliero Matteo Rota, Via Garibaldi 13/15, 24122, Bergamo, Italy
| | - P J Coenraads
- Occupational and Environmental, Dermatology Unit, State University Hospital, P.O. Box 30.001, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Elsner
- Klinik für Dermatologie und dermatologische Allergologie, Klinikum der FSU Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, D-07740, Jena, Germany
| | - M Goncalo
- Clinica de Dermatologia, Hospital da Universidade Praceta Motal Pinto, Rua Infanta D.Maria, n 30-A-3D, P-3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Å Svensson
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Malmö, S-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Centro Studi GISED - FROM Presidio Ospedaliero Matteo Rota, Via Garibaldi 13/15, 24122, Bergamo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Geier J, Schnuch A, Lessmann H, Uter W. Reactivity to sorbitan sesquioleate affects reactivity to fragrance mix I. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:296-304. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; Georg-August University; 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; Georg-August University; 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Holger Lessmann
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; Georg-August University; 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Frosch PJ, Duus Johansen J, Schuttelaar MLA, Silvestre JF, Sánchez-Pérez J, Weisshaar E, Uter W. Patch test results with fragrance markers of the baseline series - analysis of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network 2009-2012. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:163-71. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Frosch
- Department of Dermatology; University of Witten/Herdecke; 58448 Witten Germany
- Department of Dermatology; Klinikum Dortmund; 44137 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise A. Schuttelaar
- Dermatology; University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen; 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Juan F. Silvestre
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital General Universitario de Alicante; 03010 Alicante Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario la Princesa; 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; 69115 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|