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Egan R, Gross J, Cameron C, Hobbs L, Patterson T. Spirituality: A Key Component of the Salvation Army's Bridge Programme Model of Treatment in Aotearoa New Zealand. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022:10.1007/s10943-022-01674-7. [PMID: 36175736 PMCID: PMC10366305 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality is vital to The Salvation Army's Bridge model of treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Spirituality is expressed through Recovery Church, prayer, spirituality lifters, the 12-step programme, and focuses on meaning and purpose. We recruited participants from several regional centers throughout Aotearoa New Zealand and evaluated spirituality using the WHOQol-SRPB and open-ended questions. Most participants held broad understandings of spirituality, only a minority equating it with religion. Participants who completed the Programme had statistically significant increases in spiritual wellbeing at end-of-treatment. These increases were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. Increases in spiritual wellbeing were associated with decreases in severity of alcohol and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Egan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Julien Gross
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Claire Cameron
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Linda Hobbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tess Patterson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Opentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Morris SL, Langwerden RJ, Wagner EF, Hospital MM. Implementation of a brief motivational intervention for alcohol and other drug using Latinx college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35816752 PMCID: PMC9873229 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2090258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use problems among college students continue to represent a public health epidemic. In 2019, historically high rates of binge-drinking and marijuana use were reported among college-age adults, and the detrimental effects of excessive AOD use in college, such as poorer academic performance, sexual assault, injury or overdoses, and a range of other negative consequences, have been well-documented. Thus, there is a continued need for effective implementation of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions aimed at reducing risks associated with collegiate AOD use. Guided Self Change (GSC) is a brief intervention involving motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioral strategies and has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing AOD use problems. Its brevity, client-driven style, and concrete here-and-now focus are appealing to individuals struggling with mild to moderate AOD use problems. In order to successfully intervene with collegians with AOD use problems attending minority-serving institutions, GSC requires developmental and cultural tailoring. The current report describes the developmental and cultural tailoring of GSC for emerging adult Latinx collegians, as well as our consumer-driven addition of mindfulness content. Key components of our GSC program are documented through qualitative feedback, quantitative results, and case vignettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robbert J Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle M Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Whitten T, Cale J, Nathan S, Bista S, Ferry M, Williams M, Rawstorne P, Hayen A. Hospitalisation following therapeutic community drug and alcohol treatment for young people with and without a history of criminal conviction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 231:109280. [PMID: 35030508 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the association between treatment in a therapeutic community for adolescents with drug and alcohol problems on hospitalisation outcomes up to 15 years later for all clients, and separately for those with and without a history of criminal conviction. METHOD A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the linked administrative health and criminal justice records for all adolescents admitted to the Program for Adolescent Life Management (PALM) from January 2001 to December 2016 (n = 3059) in Sydney, Australia. ICD-10AM codes were used to designate hospitalisation outcomes as either physical injury, mental health problems, substance use disorders, or organic illness. The treatment and comparison groups were matched on factors associated with program retention, resulting in a final sample of 1266 clients. We examined the rate of hospitalisation up to 15 years posttreatment for all clients and stratified by prior conviction status using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The treatment group had significantly lower rates of hospitalisation for a physical injury (HR = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.61-0.98]), mental health problem (HR = 0.62 [95% CI = 0.47-0.81]), substance use disorder (HR = 0.59 [95% CI = 0.47-0.75]), and organic illness (HR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.55-0.92]). There was a significant interaction between treatment and prior criminal conviction status on rate of hospitalisation for physical injury, suggesting that the effect of treatment on physical injury was significantly greater for clients with a prior criminal conviction. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who engage in a therapeutic community treatment program may have a long-lasting reduction in the risk of subsequent hospitalisation. This also appears to apply to those with a history of criminal conviction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Whitten
- School of Social Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jesse Cale
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Nathan
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarita Bista
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Ferry
- Ted Noffs Foundation, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Rawstorne
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Staiger PK, Liknaitzky P, Lake AJ, Gruenert S. Longitudinal Substance Use and Biopsychosocial Outcomes Following Therapeutic Community Treatment for Substance Dependence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010118. [PMID: 31906337 PMCID: PMC7020066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Therapeutic Community (TC) model is considered an effective treatment for substance dependence, particularly for individuals with complex presentations. While a popular approach for this cohort across a number of countries, few studies have focussed on biopsychosocial and longer-term outcomes for this treatment modality. This study reports on substance use, dependence, and biopsychosocial outcomes up to 9 months post-exit from two TC sites. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study (n = 166) with two follow-up time points. Measures included substance use, dependence, subjective well-being, social functioning, and mental and physical health. Generalized Linear Models were employed to assess change over time. RESULTS At 9 months, 68% of participants reported complete 90-day drug abstinence. Alcohol frequency and quantity were reduced by over 50% at 9 months, with 32% of the sample recording 90-day abstinence at 9 months. Both alcohol and drug dependence scores were reduced by over 60%, and small to medium effect sizes were found for a range of psychosocial outcomes at 9 months follow-up, including a doubling of wellbeing scores, and a halving of psychiatric severity scores. Residents who remained in the TC for at least 9 months reported substantially better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS With notably high study follow-up rates (over 90% at 9 months post-exit), these data demonstrate the value of the TC model in achieving substantial and sustained improvements in substance use and psychosocial outcomes for a cohort with severe substance dependence and complex presentations. Implications for optimal length of stay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra K. Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (P.L.); (A.J.L.)
- Deakin University Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Antisocial Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Burwood 3125, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-924-46876
| | - Paul Liknaitzky
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (P.L.); (A.J.L.)
- Odyssey House Victoria, Melbourne 3121, Australia;
| | - Amelia J. Lake
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (P.L.); (A.J.L.)
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
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Fischer JA, Roche AM, Kostadinov V. Operationalising the quality of life construct in studies of alcohol and drug residential rehabilitation programme clients: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:674-689. [PMID: 31577056 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Quality of life (QOL) is increasingly recognised as an important treatment indicator in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector, particularly in treatment modalities providing 'whole of life programmes', such as residential rehabilitation. However, it is currently unclear how studies conducted in AOD residential rehabilitation settings have operationally defined and measured QOL. This study therefore aimed to determine current practices in defining and measuring the QOL of residential rehabilitation clients. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of studies examining the QOL of AOD residential rehabilitation clients was conducted. Potential studies published in English between 1990 and 2018 were identified through a search of electronic databases (e.g. PsycINFO and PubMed), search engines (Google Scholar) and article reference lists. RESULTS The search identified a total of 1267 records, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Less than half of the included studies provided an operational definition of QOL. QOL was generally understood to be a subjective, multidimensional, client assessment construct. Twelve different instruments were used to assess QOL, of which two enabled clients to identify QOL dimensions important to themselves. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS QOL has been inconsistently measured in studies of AOD residential rehabilitation clients. As a result, the comparability and validity of research in this field may be weakened. There is a need to develop a consensual operational definition of QOL, including a core set of domains relevant to and endorsed by residential rehabilitation clients. Appropriate tools to measure client QOL need to be identified and disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Fischer
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ann M Roche
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Victoria Kostadinov
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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de Andrade D, Elphinston RA, Quinn C, Allan J, Hides L. The effectiveness of residential treatment services for individuals with substance use disorders: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:227-235. [PMID: 31254749 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential treatment is a standard treatment for individuals with severe and complex substance use problems. However, there is limited evidence on best practice approaches to treatment in these settings. This review provides a comprehensive update on the evidence base for residential treatment, and directions for future research and clinical practice. METHOD A systematic review of all studies published between January 2013 and December 2018 was conducted. Public health and psychology databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO) were systematically searched, and forward and backward snowballing were used to identify additional studies. Studies were included if they were quantitative, assessed the effectiveness of residential substance treatment programs for adults, were published in the English language and in peer-reviewed journals. The Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS Our search identified 23 studies. Eight were rated as methodologically strong, five as moderate and ten rated as weak. Quality ratings were impacted by attrition at follow-up and research design. Despite limitations, results provide moderate quality evidence for the effectiveness of residential treatment in improving outcomes across a number of substance use and life domains. CONCLUSION With caution, results suggest that best practice rehabilitation treatment integrates mental health treatment and provides continuity of care post-discharge. Future research and practice should focus on better collection of outcome data and conducting data linkage of key health, welfare and justice agency administrative data to enhance understanding of risk and recovery trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Andrade
- School of Psychology, Lives Lived Well Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St. Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Elphinston
- School of Psychology, Lives Lived Well Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St. Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- School of Psychology, Lives Lived Well Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St. Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julaine Allan
- School of Psychology, Lives Lived Well Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St. Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia; Lives Lived Well, Level 1/55 Little Edward St, Spring Hill, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, Lives Lived Well Research Group, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St. Lucia, 4067, Queensland, Australia
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