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Fitzgerald JC, Shaw G, Murphy JM, Barry F. Media matters: culture medium-dependent hypervariable phenotype of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:363. [PMID: 38087388 PMCID: PMC10717324 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a long history of investigation and sustained efforts in clinical testing, the number of market authorisations for mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies remains limited, with none approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Several barriers are impeding the clinical progression of MSC therapies, to the forefront of these is a lack of standardised manufacturing protocols which is further compounded by an absence of biologically meaningful characterisation and release assays. A look at clinical trial registries demonstrates the diversity of MSC expansion protocols with variabilities in cell source, isolation method and expansion medium, among other culture variables, making it extraordinarily difficult to compare study outcomes. Current identification and characterisation standards are insufficient; they are not specific to MSCs and do not indicate cell function or therapeutic action. METHODS This work analysed the influence of five widely used culture media formulations on the colony-forming potential, proliferation kinetics, trilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory potential of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). The surface marker expression profiles were also characterised using a high-content flow cytometry screening panel of 243 markers. RESULTS Significant differences in the biological attributes of BM-MSCs including clonogenicity, proliferation, differentiation propensity and immunomodulatory capacity were revealed in response to the composition of the culture medium. Despite their biological differences, all cell preparations uniformly and strongly expressed the standard positive markers proposed for BM-MSCs: CD73, CD90 and CD105. Immunophenotypic profiling revealed that the culture medium also had a significant influence on the surface proteome, with one-third of tested markers exhibiting variable expression profiles. Principal component analysis demonstrated that BM-MSCs isolated and expanded in a proprietary xeno- and serum-free medium displayed the most consistent cell phenotypes with little variability between donors compared to platelet lysate and foetal bovine serum-containing media. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that media composition has a highly significant impact on the biological attributes of MSCs, but standard surface marker tests conceal these differences. The results indicate a need for (1) standardised approaches to manufacturing, with an essential focus on defined media and (2) new biologically relevant tests for MSC characterisation and product release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Matveeva D, Buravkov S, Andreeva E, Buravkova L. Hypoxic Extracellular Matrix Preserves Its Competence after Expansion of Human MSCs under Physiological Hypoxia In Vitro. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:476. [PMID: 37887607 PMCID: PMC10604705 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-relevant O2 levels are considered as an important tool for the preconditioning of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine needs. The present study investigated the quality and functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of MSCs under low O2 levels. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were continuously expanded under normoxia (20% O2, N) or "physiological" hypoxia (5% O2, Hyp). Decellularized ECM (dcECM) was prepared. The structure of the dcECM was analyzed using confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy. Collagen, dcECM-N, and dcECM-Hyp were recellularized with MSC-N and further cultured at normoxia. The efficacy of adhesion, spreading, growth, osteogenic potential, and paracrine activity of recellularized MSC-N were evaluated. At low O2, the dcECM showed an increased alignment of fibrillar structures and provided accelerated spreading of MSC-N, indicating increased dcECM-Hyp stiffness. We described O2-dependent "ECM-education" of MSC-N when cultured on dcECM-Hyp. This was manifested as attenuated spontaneous osteo-commitment, increased susceptibility to osteo-induction, and a shift in the paracrine profile. It has been suggested that the ECM after physiological hypoxia is able to ensure the maintenance of a low-commitment state of MSCs. DcECM, which preserves the competence of the natural microenvironment of cells and is capable of "educating" others, appears to be a prospective tool for guiding cell modifications for cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Andreeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia; (D.M.); (S.B.); (L.B.)
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3
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Vij R, Kim H, Park H, Cheng T, Lotfi D, Chang D. Adipose-derived, autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: an intermediate-size expanded access program. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:287. [PMID: 37798650 PMCID: PMC10557203 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving mutations of the novel coronavirus continue to fuel up the pandemic. The virus affects the human respiratory system along with other body systems, causing several sequelae in the survivors of the disease, presented as post-COVID-19 syndrome or long-COVID-19. This protocol utilized Hope Biosciences' autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HB-adMSCs) to evaluate safety and efficacy of HB-adMSC therapy to improve signs and symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS Ten eligible subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome were enrolled in the program for a duration of 40 weeks who received 5 intravenous infusions of 2 × 108 autologous HB-adMSCs each at week 0, 2, 6, 10 and 14 with a follow-up at week 18 and end of the study at week 40. Safety assessments included incidence of adverse and serious adverse events along with the laboratory measures of hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. Efficacy was examined by quality-of-life assessments, fatigue assessments, Visual analog scale (VAS) of symptoms and monitoring of respiration and oxygen saturation rates. RESULTS VAS scores and Fatigue Assessment scores (FAS) showed significant improvements post-treatment (P = 0.0039, ES = 0.91) compared to baseline. Respiration rates and oxygen saturation levels that were within the normal range at the baseline remained unchanged at the end of the study (EOS). Paired comparison between baseline and EOS for short-form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) scores also showed improved quality-of-life with significant improvements in individual SF-36 evaluations. Mostly mild AEs were reported during the study period with no incidence of serious AEs. Also, no detrimental effects in laboratory values were seen. CONCLUSIONS The results of the expanded access program indicated that treatment with autologous HB-adMSCs resulted in significant improvements in the signs and symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome as assessed by VAS and FAS scores. Additionally, improvements in the patients' quality-of-life as demonstrated using SF-36 scores that also showed significant improvements in individual scaled scores. Overall, administration of multiple infusions of autologous HB-adMSCs is safe and efficacious for improvements in the quality-of life of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: NCT04798066. Registered on March 15, 2021. ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04798066?term=hope+biosciences&cond=Post-COVID-19+Syndrome&draw=2&rank=2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Vij
- Hope Biosciences Research Foundation, 16700 Creek Bend Dr., Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA.
| | - Hosu Kim
- Hope Biosciences, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | | | - Thanh Cheng
- Hope Biosciences Research Foundation, 16700 Creek Bend Dr., Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Djamchid Lotfi
- Hope Biosciences Research Foundation, 16700 Creek Bend Dr., Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Donna Chang
- Hope Biosciences Research Foundation, 16700 Creek Bend Dr., Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
- Hope Biosciences, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
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4
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Armiento AR, Ladner YD, Della Bella E, Stoddart MJ. Isolation and In Vitro Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:65-73. [PMID: 36355285 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) are widely studied in the field of cartilage regeneration due to their capacity to differentiate into chondrocytes under specific in vitro culture conditions. This chapter describes the isolation of MSC from bone marrow aspirate, their expansion in monolayer, and the chondrogenic differentiation in pellet culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Armiento
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | - Yann D Ladner
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Xie J, Ekpo MD, Xiao J, Zhao H, Bai X, Liang Y, Zhao G, Liu D, Tan S. Principles and Protocols For Post-Cryopreservation Quality Evaluation of Stem Cells in Novel Biomedicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907943. [PMID: 35592426 PMCID: PMC9113563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a thriving topic of interest among researchers and clinicians due to evidence of its effectiveness and promising therapeutic advantage in numerous disease conditions as presented by novel biomedical research. However, extensive clinical application of stem cells is limited by its storage and transportation. The emergence of cryopreservation technology has made it possible for living organs, tissues, cells and even living organisms to survive for a long time at deep low temperatures. During the cryopreservation process, stem cell preparations are subject to three major damages: osmotic damage, mechanical damage, and peroxidative damage. Therefore, Assessing the effectiveness and safety of stem cells following cryopreservation is fundamental to the quality control of stem cell preparations. This article presents the important biosafety and quality control parameters to be assessed during the manufacturing of clinical grade stem cell products, highlights the significance of preventing cryodamage. and provides a reference for protocols in the quality control of stem cell preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Marlene Davis Ekpo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Hunan Carnation Biotechnology Co. LTD, Changsha, China.,Hainan Nova Doctor Group Co. Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Bai
- Hunan Carnation Biotechnology Co. LTD, Changsha, China.,Hainan Nova Doctor Group Co. Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Yijie Liang
- Hunan Carnation Biotechnology Co. LTD, Changsha, China.,Hainan Nova Doctor Group Co. Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Hunan Sheng Bao Biological Technology Co., Ltd (in Yinfeng Biological Group., Ltd), Changsha, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Hunan Sheng Bao Biological Technology Co., Ltd (in Yinfeng Biological Group., Ltd), Changsha, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Alves-Paiva RM, do Nascimento S, De Oliveira D, Coa L, Alvarez K, Hamerschlak N, Okamoto OK, Marti LC, Kondo AT, Kutner JM, Bortolini MAT, Castro R, de Godoy JAP. Senescence State in Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Low Passages: Implications in Clinical Use. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:858996. [PMID: 35445029 PMCID: PMC9015663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.858996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in various tissues and are easily cultivated. For use in clinical protocols, MSCs must be expanded to obtain an adequate number of cells, but a senescence state may be instituted after some passages, reducing their replicative potential. In this study, we report a case where MSC derived from an elderly donor acquired a senescence state after three passages. The bone marrow was aspirated from a female patient submitted to a cell therapy for the incontinency urinary protocol; MSCs were cultivated with DMEM low glucose, supplemented with 10% autologous serum (AS) plus 1% L-glutamine and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic. Senescence analysis was performed by β-galactosidase staining after 24 and 48 h. Controls were established using BM-MSC from healthy donors and used for senescence and gene expression assays. Gene expression was performed using RT-PCR for pluripotency genes, such as SOX2, POU5F1, NANOG, and KLF4. MSC telomere length was measured by the Southern blotting technique, and MSCs were also analyzed for their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. The patient’s MSC expansion using AS displayed an early senescence state. In order to understand the role of AS in senescence, MSCs were then submitted to two different culture conditions: 1) with AS or 2) with FBS supplementation. Senescence state was assessed after 24 h, and no statistical differences were observed between the two conditions. However, patients’ cells cultured with AS displayed a higher number of senescence cells than FBS medium after 48 h (p = 0.0018). Gene expression was performed in both conditions; increased expression of KLF4 was observed in the patient’s cells in comparison to healthy controls (p = 0.0016); reduced gene expression was observed for NANOG (p = 0.0016) and SOX2 (p = 0.0014) genes. Telomere length of the patient’s cells was shorter than that of a healthy donor and that of a patient of similar age. Osteocyte differentiation seemed to be more diffuse than that of the healthy donor and that of the patient of similar age. MSCs could enter a senescence state during expansion in early passages and can impact MSC quality for clinical applications, reducing their efficacy when administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Alves-Paiva
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina do Nascimento
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise De Oliveira
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Coa
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelen Alvarez
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Marti
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Kondo
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Mauro Kutner
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Castro
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Preto de Godoy
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Garcia-Ruiz A, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Moncada-Saucedo NK, Pérez-Silos V, Lara-Arias J, Marino-Martínez IA, Camacho-Morales A, Romero-Diaz VJ, Peña-Martinez V, Ramos-Payán R, Castro-Govea Y, Tuan RS, Lin H, Fuentes-Mera L, Rivas-Estilla AM. Sequential growth factor exposure of human Ad-MSCs improves chondrogenic differentiation in an osteochondral biphasic implant. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1282. [PMID: 34630637 PMCID: PMC8461520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint cartilage damage affects 10-12% of the world's population. Medical treatments improve the short-term quality of life of affected individuals but lack a long-term effect due to injury progression into fibrocartilage. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the most promising strategies for tissue regeneration due to their ability to be isolated, expanded and differentiated into metabolically active chondrocytes to achieve long-term restoration. For this purpose, human adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) were isolated from lipectomy and grown in xeno-free conditions. To establish the best differentiation potential towards a stable chondrocyte phenotype, isolated Ad-MSCs were sequentially exposed to five differentiation schemes of growth factors in previously designed three-dimensional biphasic scaffolds with incorporation of a decellularized cartilage matrix as a bioactive ingredient, silk fibroin and bone matrix, to generate a system capable of being loaded with pre-differentiated Ad-MSCs, to be used as a clinical implant in cartilage lesions for tissue regeneration. Chondrogenic and osteogenic markers were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and cartilage matrix generation by histology techniques at different time points over 40 days. All groups had an increased expression of chondrogenic markers; however, the use of fibroblast growth factor 2 (10 ng/ml) followed by a combination of insulin-like growth factor 1 (100 ng/ml)/TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) and a final step of exposure to TGFβ1 alone (10 ng/ml) resulted in the most optimal chondrogenic signature towards chondrocyte differentiation and the lowest levels of osteogenic expression, while maintaining stable collagen matrix deposition until day 33. This encourages their possible use in osteochondral lesions, with appropriate properties for use in clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Celia N Sánchez-Domínguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Nidia K Moncada-Saucedo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Pérez-Silos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Jorge Lara-Arias
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Iván A Marino-Martínez
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.,Experimental Therapies Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Víktor J Romero-Diaz
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Víctor Peña-Martinez
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa 80040, Mexico
| | - Yanko Castro-Govea
- Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Ana María Rivas-Estilla
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr José E. González', Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
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8
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Peck SH, Bendigo JR, Tobias JW, Dodge GR, Malhotra NR, Mauck RL, Smith LJ. Hypoxic Preconditioning Enhances Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival in a Low Oxygen and Nutrient-Limited 3D Microenvironment. Cartilage 2021; 12:512-525. [PMID: 30971109 PMCID: PMC8461160 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal tissues such as intervertebral disc and articular cartilage possess limited innate potential to regenerate, in part due to their avascularity and low cell density. Despite recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based disc and cartilage regeneration, key challenges remain, including the sensitivity of these cells to in vivo microenvironmental stress such as low oxygen and limited nutrition. The objective of this study was to investigate whether preconditioning with hypoxia and/or transforming growth factor-β 3 (TGF-β3) can enhance MSC survival and extracellular matrix production in a low oxygen and nutrient-limited microenvironment. DESIGN MSCs from multiple bovine donors were preconditioned in monolayer in normoxia or hypoxia, with or without TGF-β3, and the global effects on gene expression were examined using microarrays. Subsequently, the effects of preconditioning on MSC survival and extracellular matrix production were examined using low oxygen and nutrient-limited pellet culture experiments. RESULTS Hypoxic preconditioning resulted in upregulation of genes associated with growth, cell-cell signaling, metabolism, and cell stress response pathways, and significantly enhanced MSC survival for all donors in low oxygen and nutrient-limited pellet culture. In contrast, TGF-β3 preconditioning diminished survival. The nature and magnitude of the effects of preconditioning with either hypoxia or TGF-β3 on glycosaminoglycan production were donor dependent. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly support the use of hypoxic preconditioning to improve postimplantation MSC survival in avascular tissues such as disc and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H. Peck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin R. Bendigo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George R. Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil R. Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lachlan J. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Lachlan J. Smith, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 371 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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Recent Developed Strategies for Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC: Impact on MSC-Based Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8830834. [PMID: 33824665 PMCID: PMC8007380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self-repair is hindered by its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and the development of tissue engineering techniques has shed new light on cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most commonly used seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs tend to lose their multipotency, and the composition and structure of cartilage-like tissues formed by MSCs are far from those of native cartilage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that promote MSC chondrogenic differentiation to give rise to durable and phenotypically correct regenerated cartilage. This review provides an overview of recent advances in enhancement strategies for MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including optimization of bioactive factors, culture conditions, cell type selection, coculture, gene editing, scaffolds, and physical stimulation. This review will aid the further understanding of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable improvement of MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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10
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Mazini L, Ezzoubi M, Malka G. Overview of current adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) processing involved in therapeutic advancements: flow chart and regulation updates before and after COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 33397467 PMCID: PMC7781178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have raised big interest in therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and appear to fulfill the criteria for a successful cell therapy. Their low immunogenicity and their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into different tissue-specific progenitors, to migrate into damaged sites, and to act through autocrine and paracrine pathways have been altogether testified as the main mechanisms whereby cell repair and regeneration occur. The absence of standardization protocols in cell management within laboratories or facilities added to the new technologies improved at patient's bedside and the discrepancies in cell outcomes and engraftment increase the limitations on their widespread use by balancing their real benefit versus the patient safety and security. Also, comparisons across pooled patients are particularly difficult in the fact that multiple medical devices are used and there is absence of harmonized assessment assays despite meeting regulations agencies and efficient GMP protocols. Moreover, the emergence of the COVID-19 breakdown added to the complexity of implementing standardization. Cell- and tissue-based therapies are completely dependent on the biological manifestations and parameters associated to and induced by this virus where the scope is still unknown. The initial flow chart identified for stem cell therapies should be reformulated and updated to overcome patient infection and avoid significant variability, thus enabling more patient safety and therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this work is to highlight the major guidelines and differences in ADSC processing meeting the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and the cellular therapy-related policies. Specific insights on standardization of ADSCs proceeding at different check points are also presented as a setup for the cord blood and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ezzoubi
- Centre des Brûlés et chirurgie réparatrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
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11
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Lu J, Wei W. Considerations on chemistry, manufacturing, and control of stem cell products for Investigational New Drug application in China. Biologicals 2020; 68:3-8. [PMID: 33097376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in recent years to produce functional cells for cell therapy products. Hundreds of clinical trials of stem cell products (SCPs) have shown promising therapeutic potential worldwide, including the products derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), adult stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Before starting a clinical trial, comprehensive chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) study is required to assure the safety and quality consistency of SCPs. The heterogeneity of stem cell products arises from the variability in the donor tissues, isolation of cells and differentiation processes, and appropriate testing approaches are needed to characterize and release SCPs. Here we summarize the regulatory considerations of CMC study in Investigational New Drug (IND) application of SCPs in China based on the current knowledge, and they will be updated in the future with the advance of stem cell biology and regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE), National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE), National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100022, China
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12
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Neybecker P, Henrionnet C, Pape E, Grossin L, Mainard D, Galois L, Loeuille D, Gillet P, Pinzano A. Respective stemness and chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32711576 PMCID: PMC7382063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) have well-established chondrogenic potential, but MSCs derived from the synovial membrane (SM-MSCs) and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) are thought to possess superior chondrogenicity. This study aimed to compare the in vitro immunophenotype and trilineage and chondrogenic potential of BM-MSCs to SM-MSCs and SF-MSCs. METHODS MSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), synovial membrane (SM-MSCs), and synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) extracted from the hips (BM) and knees (SM and SF) of advanced OA patients undergoing arthroplasty. Flow cytometric analysis was used at P2 to evaluate cell stemness. The trilinear differentiation test was performed at P2. At P3, MSC-seeded collagen sponges were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 28 days. Chondrogenic gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Finally, the implants were stained to assess the deposition of proteoglycans and type II collagen. RESULTS Despite variability, the immunophenotyping of BM-MSCs, SM-MSCs, and SF-MSCs was quite similar. All cell types were positive for the expression of stem cell markers and negative for exclusion markers. Additionally, chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy were more pronounced in BM-MSCs (ACAN, SOX9, COL2B, and COL10A) than in SF-MSCs, with SM-MSCs having intermediate characteristics. Concerning matrix synthesis, the three cell types were equipotent in terms of GAG content, while BM-MSC ECM synthesis of type II collagen was superior. CONCLUSIONS Chondrogenic MSCs are easily collected from SM and SF in advanced human OA, but in vitro chondrogenesis that is superior to age-matched BM-MSCs should not be expected. However, due to intra-articular priming, SF-MSCs did not overexpress hypertrophic gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neybecker
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christel Henrionnet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Elise Pape
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Grossin
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Didier Mainard
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Galois
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Arthroscopique, CHRU Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny CO 60034, F54035, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Loeuille
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Gillet
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Pinzano
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, IMoPA (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Brabois-Santé, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20199, F54505, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France. .,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Bâtiment des Spécialités Médicales, 5 rue du Morvan, F54511, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Contrat d'Interface, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital de Brabois, Bâtiment Spécialités Médicales, F54511, Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France.
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13
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Huynh NP, Gloss CC, Lorentz J, Tang R, Brunger JM, McAlinden A, Zhang B, Guilak F. Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway. eLife 2020; 9:49558. [PMID: 32202492 PMCID: PMC7202894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in musculoskeletal development, disease, and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the novel lncRNA GRASLND (originally named RNF144A-AS1) as a regulator of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. GRASLND, a primate-specific lncRNA, is upregulated during MSC chondrogenesis and appears to act directly downstream of SOX9, but not TGF-β3. We showed that the silencing of GRASLND resulted in lower accumulation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix in a pellet assay, while GRASLND overexpression – either via transgene ectopic expression or by endogenous activation via CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 – significantly enhanced cartilage matrix production. GRASLND acts to inhibit IFN-γ by binding to EIF2AK2, and we further demonstrated that GRASLND exhibits a protective effect in engineered cartilage against interferon type II. Our results indicate an important role of GRASLND in regulating stem cell chondrogenesis, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Pt Huynh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Catherine C Gloss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lorentz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
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14
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Lu Z, Yan L, Pei M. Commentary on 'Surface markers associated with chondrogenic potential of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells'. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047607 PMCID: PMC6979467 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers have searched for predictive surface markers of multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for ensuring improved therapeutic outcomes following cartilage damage in humans. However, we have achieved only limited progress because of the challenge presented by conflicting data. This commentary provides some evidence to prove a lack of success with current efforts, including an inconsistency in accepted surface markers and chondrogenic potential of MSCs as well as the tissue source-dependent MSC surface markers that correlate with chondrogenic potential. A brief discussion on these disputed topics and perspective about functionally predictive surface markers and standardization of analytic procedures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lu
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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15
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Chu DT, Phuong TNT, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Thanh VV, Quang TL, Truong DT, Pham VH, Ngoc VTN, Chu-Dinh T, Kushekhar K. An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E708. [PMID: 31973182 PMCID: PMC7037097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs), which are known as multipotent cells, are widely used in the treatment of various diseases via their self-renewable, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have supported the understanding mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of BMSCs therapy in clinical applications. The number of clinical trials in phase I/II is accelerating; however, they are limited in the size of subjects, regulations, and standards for the preparation and transportation and administration of BMSCs, leading to inconsistency in the input and outcome of the therapy. Based on the International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines, the characterization, isolation, cultivation, differentiation, and applications can be optimized and standardized, which are compliant with good manufacturing practice requirements to produce clinical-grade preparation of BMSCs. This review highlights and updates on the progress of production, as well as provides further challenges in the studies of BMSCs, for the approval of BMSCs widely in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Dang Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Luu Quang
- Center for Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | | | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thien Chu-Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Kushi Kushekhar
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway;
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16
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Ling L, Ren X, Cao X, Hassan ABM, Mah S, Sathiyanathan P, Smith RAA, Tan CLL, Eio M, Samsonraj RM, van Wijnen AJ, Raghunath M, Nurcombe V, Hui JH, Cool SM. Enhancing the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy with Glycosaminoglycans. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:105-121. [PMID: 31902704 PMCID: PMC6962655 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy offers significant potential for osteochondral regeneration. Such applications require their ex vivo expansion in media frequently supplemented with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Particular heparan sulfate (HS) fractions stabilize FGF2-FGF receptor complexes. We show that an FGF2-binding HS variant (HS8) accelerates the expansion of freshly isolated bone marrow hMSCs without compromising their naivety. Importantly, the repair of osteochondral defects in both rats and pigs is improved after treatment with HS8-supplemented hMSCs (MSCHS8), when assessed histologically, biomechanically, or by MRI. Thus, supplementing hMSC culture media with an HS variant that targets endogenously produced FGF2 allows the elimination of exogenous growth factors that may adversely affect their therapeutic potency. An FGF2-binding heparan sulfate (HS8) accelerates the ex vivo expansion of hMSCs hMSCs expanded with HS8 maintain stem cell characteristics and potency HS8-expanded hMSCs improve osteochondral regeneration in animal models HS8 is an effective bio-additive for the scale up of highly potent hMSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Afizah Binte Mohd Hassan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Sophia Mah
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Padmapriya Sathiyanathan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Clarissa L L Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Michelle Eio
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rebekah M Samsonraj
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore.
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17
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Hookway TA, Matthys OB, Mendoza-Camacho FN, Rains S, Sepulveda JE, Joy DA, McDevitt TC. Phenotypic Variation Between Stromal Cells Differentially Impacts Engineered Cardiac Tissue Function. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:773-785. [PMID: 30968748 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding the relationship between parenchymal and supporting cell populations is paramount to recapitulate the multicellular complexity of native tissues. Incorporation of stromal cells is widely recognized to be necessary for the stable formation of stem cell-derived cardiac tissues; yet, the types of stromal cells used have varied widely. This study systematically characterized several stromal populations and found that stromal phenotype and morphology was highly variable depending on cell source and exerted differential impacts on cardiac tissue function and induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocyte phenotype. Therefore, the choice of supporting stromal population can differentially impact the phenotypic or functional performance of engineered cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Hookway
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California
| | - Oriane B Matthys
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,2 UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sarah Rains
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Jessica E Sepulveda
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,4 Biological Sciences Department, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
| | - David A Joy
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,2 UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California.,5 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
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18
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Chen YT, Tsai MJ, Hsieh N, Lo MJ, Lee MJ, Cheng H, Huang WC. The superiority of conditioned medium derived from rapidly expanded mesenchymal stem cells for neural repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31842998 PMCID: PMC6916259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and severe neurological condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors show promising potential for regenerative medicine. Many studies have investigated MSC expansion efficacy of all kinds of culture medium formulations, such as growth factor-supplemented or xeno-free medium. However, very few studies have focused on the potential of human MSC (hMSC) culture medium formulations for injured spinal cord repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of hMSC-conditioned medium supplemented with bFGF, EGF, and patient plasma, namely, neural regeneration laboratory medium (NRLM), on SCI in vitro and in vivo. Methods Commercial and patient bone marrow hMSCs were obtained for cultivation in standard medium and NRLM separately. Several characteristics, including CD marker expression, differentiation, and growth curves, were compared between MSCs cultured in standard medium and NRLM. Additionally, we investigated the effect of the conditioned medium (referred to as NRLM-CM) on neural repair, including inflammation inhibition, neurite regeneration, and spinal cord injury (SCI), and used a coculture system to detect the neural repair function of NRLM-MSCs. Results Compared to standard culture medium, NRLM-CM had superior in inflammation reduction and neurite regeneration effects in vitro and improved functional restoration in SCI rats in vivo. In comparison with standard culture medium MSCs, NRLM-MSCs proliferated faster regardless of the age of the donor. NRLM-MSCs also showed increased adipose differentiative potential and reduced CD90 expression. Both types of hMSC CM effectively enhanced injured neurite outgrowth and protected against H2O2 toxicity in spinal cord neuron cultures. Cytokine arrays performed in hMSC-CM further revealed the presence of at least 120 proteins. Among these proteins, 6 demonstrated significantly increased expression in NRLM-CM: adiponectin (Acrp30), angiogenin (ANG), HGF, NAP-2, uPAR, and IGFBP2. Conclusions The NRLM culture system provides rapid expansion effects and functional hMSCs. The superiority of the derived conditioned medium on neural repair shows potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nini Hsieh
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jei Lo
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of articular cartilage degeneration: New biological insights for an old-timer cell. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1179-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Characterization of Different Sources of Human MSCs Expanded in Serum-Free Conditions with Quantification of Chondrogenic Induction in 3D. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2186728. [PMID: 31320905 PMCID: PMC6610765 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2186728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent alternative candidates to chondrocytes for cartilage engineering. However, it remains difficult to identify the ideal source of MSCs for cartilage repair since conditions supporting chondrogenic induction are diverse among published works. In this study, we characterized and evaluated the chondrogenic potential of MSCs from bone marrow (BM), Wharton's jelly (WJ), dental pulp (DP), and adipose tissue (AT) isolated and cultivated under serum-free conditions. BM-, WJ-, DP-, and AT-MSCs did not differ in terms of viability, clonogenicity, and proliferation. By an extensive polychromatic flow cytometry analysis, we found notable differences in markers of the osteochondrogenic lineage between the 4 MSC sources. We then evaluated their chondrogenic potential in a micromass culture model, and only BM-MSCs showed chondrogenic conversion. This chondrogenic differentiation was specifically ascertained by the production of procollagen IIB, the only type II collagen isoform synthesized by well-differentiated chondrocytes. As a pilot study toward cartilage engineering, we encapsulated BM-MSCs in hydrogel and developed an original method to evaluate their chondrogenic conversion by flow cytometry analysis, after release of the cells from the hydrogel. This allowed the simultaneous quantification of procollagen IIB and α10, a subunit of a type II collagen receptor crucial for proper cartilage development. This work represents the first comparison of detailed immunophenotypic analysis and chondrogenic differentiation potential of human BM-, WJ-, DP-, and AT-MSCs performed under the same serum-free conditions, from their isolation to their induction. Our study, achieved in conditions compliant with clinical applications, highlights that BM-MSCs are good candidates for cartilage engineering.
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21
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Yan X, Zhou Z, Guo L, Zeng Z, Guo Z, Shao Q, Xu W. BMP7-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are more effective than wild-type BMSCs in healing fractures. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1381-1388. [PMID: 30112066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures are a worldwide public health concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) gene transfer or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation may be a promising novel therapeutic approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to observe the effect of bone BMP7 transfer to MSCs on fracture healing. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) from New Zealand white rabbits were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. A recombinant BMP7 overexpressing adenovirus vector (Adv) was constructed and transfected into BMSCs. The expression of BMP7 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and western blotting. The present study additionally investigated the effect of BMP7 on the differentiation capacity of BMSCs. Finally, tissue-engineered bone was created with support material to verify the effect of BMP7-BMSCs on fracture healing. The results demonstrated that the expression of BMP7 was increased at the mRNA and protein levels in BMSCs following transfection with BMP7 overexpressing Adv. The results additionally demonstrated that the expression of BMP7 enhanced the differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and had a promotional effect on fracture healing. Overall, these data suggest that Adv-BMP7 is useful for introducing foreign genes into BMSCs and will be a powerful gene therapy tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhaochi Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qingdong Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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22
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Huynh NPT, Brunger JM, Gloss CC, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differential Matrix Deposition on 3D Woven Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1531-1544. [PMID: 29756533 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for the repair of osteochondral defects using biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells have remained challenging due to the inherent complexities of inducing cartilage-like matrix and bone-like matrix within the same local environment. Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family have been extensively utilized in the engineering of skeletal tissues, but have distinct effects on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. The goal of this study was to develop a method to direct human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to deposit either mineralized matrix or a cartilaginous matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen within the same biochemical environment. This differential induction was performed by culturing cells on engineered three-dimensionally woven poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds in a chondrogenic environment for cartilage-like matrix production while inhibiting TGFβ3 signaling through Mothers against DPP homolog 3 (SMAD3) knockdown, in combination with overexpressing RUNX2, to achieve mineralization. The highest levels of mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed on scaffolds with genetically engineered MSCs and exhibited a synergistic effect in response to SMAD3 knockdown and RUNX2 expression. Meanwhile, unmodified MSCs on PCL scaffolds exhibited accumulation of an extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen in the same biochemical environment. This ability to derive differential matrix deposition in a single culture condition opens new avenues for developing complex tissue replacements for chondral or osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Catherine C Gloss
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,5 Cytex Therapeutics, Inc. , Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Huynh NPT, Zhang B, Guilak F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2018; 33:358-372. [PMID: 29985644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) provide an attractive cell source for cartilage repair and cell therapy; however, the underlying molecular pathways that drive chondrogenesis of these populations of adult stem cells remain poorly understood. We generated a rich data set of high-throughput RNA sequencing of human MSCs throughout chondrogenesis at 6 different time points. Our data consisted of 18 libraries with 3 individual donors as biologic replicates, with each library possessing a sequencing depth of 100 million reads. Computational analyses with differential gene expression, gene ontology, and weighted gene correlation network analysis identified dynamic changes in multiple biologic pathways and, most importantly, a chondrogenic gene subset, whose functional characterization promises to further harness the potential of MSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Furthermore, we created a graphic user interface encyclopedia built with the goal of producing an open resource of transcriptomic regulation for additional data mining and pathway analysis of the process of MSC chondrogenesis.-Huynh, N. P. T., Zhang, B., Guilak, F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
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24
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Paim Á, Cardozo NSM, Tessaro IC, Pranke P. Relevant biological processes for tissue development with stem cells and their mechanistic modeling: A review. Math Biosci 2018; 301:147-158. [PMID: 29746816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A potential alternative for tissue transplants is tissue engineering, in which the interaction of cells and biomaterials can be optimized. Tissue development in vitro depends on the complex interaction of several biological processes such as extracellular matrix synthesis, vascularization and cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, death, and differentiation. The complexity of an individual phenomenon or of the combination of these processes can be studied with phenomenological modeling techniques. This work reviews the main biological phenomena in tissue development and their mathematical modeling, focusing on mesenchymal stem cell growth in three-dimensional scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata Paim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Nilo S M Cardozo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Tessaro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil; Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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25
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Pizzute T, Li J, Zhang Y, Davis ME, Pei M. Fibroblast Growth Factor Ligand Dependent Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells and Concomitant Adaptation of Wnt/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signals. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:1036-46. [PMID: 27411850 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell expansion techniques commonly utilize exogenous factors to increase cell proliferation and create a larger cell population for use in cell-based therapies. One strategy for cartilage regenerative therapies is autologous stem cell expansion and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) supplementation during cell expansion, particularly FGF-2. However, it is unknown whether FGF-10, another FGF implicated in limb and skeletal development, can elicit the same rejuvenation responses in terms of proliferation and differentiation of human synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs). In this study, we expanded SDSCs in either FGF-2 or FGF-10 for 7 days; a control group had no treatment. FGF-2 and FGF-10 supplementation was also exclusively tested during the differentiation phase. Expanded SDSCs were evaluated for their ability to successfully engage in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. We found that FGF-2 supplementation during proliferation, but not differentiation, was able to increase glycosaminoglycan deposition, pellet size, and chondrogenic gene expression following chondrogenic induction, as well as increased calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of vital osteogenic differentiation genes following osteogenic induction. FGF-10 did not elicit a similar preconditioning effect. We also observed changes of both Wnt signals and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression during SDSC chondrogenesis, which occurred in a manner dependent upon the supplementation phase of FGF-2 administration. These results indicated that FGF-2, but not FGF-10, may be supplemented during stem cell expansion to prime cells for successful chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jingting Li
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,3 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mary E Davis
- 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,3 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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26
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Lin S, Lee WYW, Xu L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Ho KKW, Qin L, Jiang X, Cui L, Li G. Stepwise preconditioning enhances mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage regeneration through epigenetic modification. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1541-1550. [PMID: 28545880 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the functions and underlying mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) underwent stepwise preconditioning in chondrogenic medium before expansion, then further explore their therapeutic effects in a surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. METHODS MSCs isolated from the adult rats expressing Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) were incubated in basal medium or primed in chondrogenic medium before expansion. The multipotency including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survivability was compared between chondrogenic manipulated MSCs (M-MSCs) and untreated MSCs. Methylation modification of Nanog and Oct4 were detected by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Loss-of-function phenotype in M-MSCs induced by shNanog was also observed. Then the therapeutic effect of the cells was evaluated in a surgically induced OA rat model by single intraarticular injection. The injected GFP-labeled cells in the joints were monitored in vivo. These rats were sacrificed and subjected to histological examinations and microstructural analysis after 4 weeks. RESULTS We found that cell clonogenicity, proliferation, survivability, and chondrogenic property were enhanced after stepwise preconditioning. We then further found that the expression level of Nanog and Oct4 was temporarily increased in the M-MSCs. Results of epigenetic analysis revealed that demethylation happened in Nanog and Oct4 after the stepwise preconditioning. Results of in vivo imaging showed more GFP-labeled cells in the M-MSCs-injected group. And results of histology and micro-CT analysis also indicated a superior therapeutic effect of M-MSCs on the surgically induced-OA. CONCLUSION These findings indicated a feasible method to obtain a cell population with high survivability and chondrogenic commitment for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - W Y W Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K K W Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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28
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Inagaki Y, Akahane M, Shimizu T, Inoue K, Egawa T, Kira T, Ogawa M, Kawate K, Tanaka Y. Modifying oxygen tension affects bone marrow stromal cell osteogenesis for regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:98-106. [PMID: 28785381 PMCID: PMC5529317 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i7.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a hypoxic environment for promoting osteogenesis in rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) using osteogenic matrix cell sheets (OMCSs).
METHODS Rat MSCs were cultured in osteogenic media under one of four varying oxygen conditions: Normoxia (21% O2) for 14 d (NN), normoxia for 7 d followed by hypoxia (5% O2) for 7 d (NH), hypoxia for 7 d followed by normoxia for 7 d (HN), or hypoxia for 14 d (HH). Osteogenesis was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology and calcium deposition, and by measuring osteocalcin secretion (ELISA) and calcium content. In vivo syngeneic transplantation using OMCSs and β-tricalcium phosphate discs, preconditioned under NN or HN conditions, was also evaluated by histology, calcium content measurements, and real-time quantitative PCR.
RESULTS In the NN and HN groups, differentiated, cuboidal-shaped cells were readily observed, along with calcium deposits. In the HN group, the levels of secreted osteocalcin increased rapidly from day 10 as compared with the other groups, and plateaued at day 12 (P < 0.05). At day 14, the HN group showed the highest amount of calcium deposition. In vivo, the HN group showed histologically prominent new bone formation, increased calcium deposition, and higher collagen type I messenger RNA expression as compared with the NN group.
CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that modifying oxygen tension is an effective method to enhance the osteogenic ability of MSCs used for OMCSs.
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29
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Ng J, Wei Y, Zhou B, Burapachaisri A, Guo E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Extracellular matrix components and culture regimen selectively regulate cartilage formation by self-assembling human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:183. [PMID: 27931263 PMCID: PMC5146812 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage formation from self-assembling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro recapitulate important cellular events during mesenchymal condensation that precedes native cartilage development. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) components and culture regimen on cartilage formation by self-assembling human MSCs in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hMSCs) were seeded and compacted in 6.5-mm-diameter transwell inserts with coated (type I, type II collagen) or uncoated (vehicle) membranes, at different densities (0.5 × 106, 1.0 × 106, 1.5 × 106 per insert). Pellets were formed by aggregating hMSCs (0.25 × 106) in round-bottomed wells. All tissues were cultured for up to 6 weeks for in vitro analyses. Discs (cultured for 6, 8 or 10 weeks) and pellets (cultured for 10 weeks) were implanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice to evaluate the cartilage stability in vivo. RESULTS Type I and type II collagen coatings enabled cartilage disc formation from self-assembling hMSCs. Without ECM coating, hMSCs formed dome-shaped tissues resembling the pellets. Type I collagen, expressed in the prechondrogenic mesenchyme, improved early chondrogenesis versus type II collagen. High seeding density improved cartilage tissue properties but resulted in a lower yield of disc formation. Discs and pellets exhibited compositional and organizational differences in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged chondrogenic induction of the discs in vitro expedited endochondral ossification in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of cartilage tissues formed from self-assembling MSCs in vitro and in vivo can be modulated by the control of culture parameters. These insights could motivate new directions for engineering cartilage and bone via a cartilage template from self-assembling MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia University, 345 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aonnicha Burapachaisri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia University, 345 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Pei M. Environmental preconditioning rejuvenates adult stem cells' proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Biomaterials 2016; 117:10-23. [PMID: 27923196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration. Unfortunately, due to donor age and ex vivo expansion, stem cell senescence becomes a huge hurdle for these cells to be used clinically. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental preconditioning is a powerful approach in promoting stem cells' ability to resist a harsh environment post-engraftment, such as hypoxia and inflammation. However, few reports organize and evaluate the literature regarding the rejuvenation effect of environmental preconditioning on stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity, which are important variables for stem cell based tissue regeneration. This report aims to identify several critical environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, growth factors, and extracellular matrix and to discuss their preconditioning influence on stem cells' rejuvenation including proliferation and chondrogenic potential as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. We believe that environmental preconditioning based rejuvenation is a simpler and safer strategy to program pre-engraftment stem cells for better survival and enhanced proliferation and differentiation capacity without the undesired effects of some treatments, such as genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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31
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Subpopulations: Application for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3187491. [PMID: 27725838 PMCID: PMC5048051 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3187491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continues to progress rapidly. Nevertheless, the field faces several challenges, such as inherent cell heterogeneity and the absence of unique MSCs markers. Due to MSCs' ability to differentiate into multiple tissues, these cells represent a promising tool for new cell-based therapies. However, for tissue engineering applications, it is critical to start with a well-defined cell population. Additionally, evidence that MSCs subpopulations may also feature distinct characteristics and regeneration potential has arisen. In this report, we present an overview of the identification of MSCs based on the expression of several surface markers and their current tissue sources. We review the use of MSCs subpopulations in recent years and the main methodologies that have addressed their isolation, and we emphasize the most-used surface markers for selection, isolation, and characterization. Next, we discuss the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation from MSCs subpopulations. We conclude that MSCs subpopulation selection is not a minor concern because each subpopulation has particular potential for promoting the differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The accurate selection of the subpopulation advances possibilities suitable for preclinical and clinical studies and determines the safest and most efficacious regeneration process.
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32
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Osteoarthritic Synovium Are a Distinct Population Compared to Their Bone-Marrow Counterparts regarding Surface Marker Distribution and Immunomodulation of Allogeneic CD4+ T-Cell Cultures. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6579463. [PMID: 27516777 PMCID: PMC4969547 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6579463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The participation of an inflammatory joint milieu has been described in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in modulating inflammatory processes. Based on previous studies in an allogeneic T-cell coculture model, we aimed at further determining the role of synovial MSCs in OA pathogenesis. Methods. Bone-marrow (BM) and synovial membrane (SM) MSCs from hip joints of late stage OA patients and CD4+ T-cells from healthy donors were analysed regarding surface marker expression before and after coculture. Proliferation upon CD3/CD28 stimulation and cytokine analyses were compared between MSCs. Results. SM-MSCs differed from BM-MSCs in several surface markers and their osteogenic differentiation potential. Cocultures of both MSCs with CD4+ T-cells resulted in recruitment of CD45RA+ FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells. Upon stimulation, only SM-MSCs suppressed CD4+ T-cell proliferation, while both SM-MSCs and BM-MSCs modified cytokine profiles through suppressing IL-2 and TNF-α as well as increasing IL-6 secretion. Conclusions. Synovial MSCs from OA joints are a unique fraction that can be distinguished from their bone-marrow derived counterparts. Their unique ability to suppress CD3/CD28 induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation makes them a potential target for future therapeutic approaches.
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Lee S, Park BJ, Kim JY, Jekarl D, Choi HY, Lee SY, Kim M, Kim Y, Park MS. The effect of fibroblast growth factor on distinct differentiation potential of cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1723-31. [PMID: 26589753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Perinatal tissues are considered an attractive source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and have unique characteristics depending on their origin. In this study, we compared the basic characteristics of unrestricted somatic stem cells isolated from cord blood (CB-USSCs) and MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cords (WJ-MSCs). We also evaluated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplementation on the growth and differentiation of these cells. METHODS CB-USSCs and WJ-MSCs were isolated from the same individual (n = 6), and their morphology, cell surface antigens, proliferation, expression of stemness markers and adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials were evaluated. Their morphology, proliferation and differentiation potentials were then also compared in the presence of bFGF supplementation (10 ng/mL). RESULTS Overall, CB-USSCs expressed DLK-1 and negative for all the HOX gene markers. The expression of cell surface antigen CD90, growth capacity and adipogenic differential potential of CB-USSCs were lower than those of WJ-MSCs. WJ-MSCs showed higher growth capacity, but the expression of CD73 and CD105 and their osteogenic differentiation potential were lower than those of CB-USSCs. The spindle morphology of both CB-USSCs and WJ-MSCs and the growth and adipogenic differentiation of CB-USSCs were improved by bFGF supplementation. However, the bFGF supplement did not have any positive effect on the tri-lineage differentiation potentials of WJ-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS CB-USSCs and WJ-MSCs each had distinct characteristics including different growth capacity, distinguishable cell surface markers and distinct adipogenic and osteogenic potentials. bFGF supplementation improved the growth capacity and adipogenic differentiation of CB-USSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - DongWook Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Yoo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seong Yeoun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Seo Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
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Wijesinghe SJ, Ling L, Murali S, Qing YH, Hinkley SFR, Carnachan SM, Bell TJ, Swaminathan K, Hui JH, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Affinity Selection of FGF2-Binding Heparan Sulfates for Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:566-575. [PMID: 27291835 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The future of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a successful cell therapy relies on bioprocessing strategies to improve the scalability of these cells without compromising their therapeutic ability. The culture-expansion of hMSCs can be enhanced by supplementation with growth factors, particularly fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The biological activity of FGF2 is controlled through interactions with heparan sulfate (HS) that facilitates ligand-receptor complex formation. We previously reported on an FGF2-interacting HS variant (termed HS2) isolated from embryonic tissue by anionic exchange chromatography that increased the proliferation and potency of hMSCs. Here, we detail the isolation of an FGF2 affinity-purified HS variant (HS8) using a scalable platform technology previously employed to generate HS variants with increased affinity for BMP-2 or VEGF165 . This process used a peptide sequence derived from the heparin-binding domain of FGF2 as a substrate to affinity-isolate HS8 from a commercially available source of porcine mucosal HS. Our data show that HS8 binds to FGF2 with higher affinity than to FGF1, FGF7, BMP2, PDGF-BB, or VEGF165 . Also, HS8 protects FGF2 from thermal destabilization and increases FGF signaling and hMSC proliferation through FGF receptor 1. Long-term supplementation of cultures with HS8 increased both hMSC numbers and their colony-forming efficiency without adversely affecting the expression of hMSC-related cell surface antigens. This strategy further exemplifies the utility of affinity-purifying HS variants against particular ligands important to the stem cell microenvironment and advocates for their addition as adjuvants for the culture-expansion of hMSCs destined for cellular therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 566-575, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sadasivam Murali
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yeong Hui Qing
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Tracey J Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | | | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Comparison study of different coatings on degradation performance and cell response of Mg-Sr alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:95-107. [PMID: 27612693 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To solve the problem of rapid degradation for magnesium-based implants, surface modification especially coating method is widely studied and showed the great potential for clinical application. However, as concerned to the further application and medical translation for biodegradable magnesium alloys, there are still lack of data and comparisons among different coatings on their degradation and biological properties. This work studied three commonly used coatings on Mg-Sr alloy, including micro-arc oxidation coating, electrodeposition coating and chemical conversion coating, and compared these coatings for requirements of favorable degradation and biological performances, how each of these coating systems has performed. Finally the mechanism for the discrepancy between these coatings is proposed. The results indicate that the micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-Sr alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance and cell response among these coatings, and is proved to be more suitable for the orthopedic application.
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Fu X, Tong Z, Li Q, Niu Q, Zhang Z, Tong X, Tong L, Zhang X. Induction of adipose-derived stem cells into Schwann-like cells and observation of Schwann-like cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1187-93. [PMID: 27279556 PMCID: PMC4940092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has the potential for full regeneration following injury and recovery, predominantly controlled by Schwann cells (SCs). Therefore, obtaining a sufficient number of SCs in a short duration is crucial. In the present study, rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and cultured, following which characterization of the ADSCs was performed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the cells were positive for the CD29 and CD44 markers, and negative for the CD31, CD45, CD49 and CD106 markers. The multilineage differentiation potential of the ADSCs was assayed by determining the ability of the cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Following this, the ADSCs were treated with a specific medium and differentiated into Schwann-like cells. Immunofluorescence, western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that ~95% of the differentiated cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 and p75. In addition, the present study found that a substantial number of SCs can be produced in a short duration via the mitotic feature of Schwann-like cells. These data indicated that Schwann-like cells derived from ADSCs can undergo mitotic proliferation, which may be beneficial for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxue Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Feng Tian Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qingfei Niu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Feng Tian Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Scioli MG, Bielli A, Gentile P, Cervelli V, Orlandi A. Combined treatment with platelet-rich plasma and insulin favours chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in three-dimensional collagen scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2398-2410. [PMID: 27074878 DOI: 10.1002/term.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions due to injury or other pathology commonly result in the development of osteoarthritis and progressive joint destruction. Bioengineered scaffolds are widely studied for regenerative surgery strategies in osteochondral defect management, also combining the use of stem cells, growth factors and hormones. The utility in tissue engineering of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from adipose tissue has been widely noted. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) represents an alternative strategy in regenerative medicine for the local release of endogenous growth factors and hormones. Here we compared the effects of three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I scaffold culture and combined treatment with PRP and human recombinant insulin on the chondro-/osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Histochemical and biomolecular analyses demonstrated that chondro-/osteogenic differentiation was increased in ASC-populated 3D collagen scaffolds compared with two-dimensional (2D) plastic dish culture. Chondro-/osteogenic differentiation was further enhanced in the presence of combined PRP (5% v/v) and insulin (100 nm) treatment. In addition, chondro-/osteogenic differentiation associated with the contraction of ASC-populated 3D collagen scaffold and increased β1/β3-integrin expression. Inhibition studies demonstrated that PRP/insulin-induced chondro-/osteogenic differentiation is independent of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling; IGF-R1/mTOR inhibition even enhanced ASC chondro-/osteogenic differentiation. Our findings underline that 3D collagen scaffold culture in association with platelet-derived growth factors and insulin favour the chondro-/osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, suggesting new translational applications in regenerative medicine for the management of osteochondral defects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Blache U, Metzger S, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Martin I, Djonov V, Ehrbar M. Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Allows for Microvascularized Bone Tissue-Like Environments in PEG Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:489-98. [PMID: 26693678 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineered tissues which recapitulate functional and morphological properties of bone marrow and bone tissue will be desirable to study bone regeneration under fully controlled conditions. Among the key players in the initial phase of bone regeneration are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) that are in close contact in many tissues. Additionally, the generation of tissue constructs for in vivo transplantations has included the use of ECs since insufficient vascularization is one of the bottlenecks in (bone) tissue engineering. Here, 3D cocultures of human bone marrow derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in synthetic biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based matrices are directed toward vascularized bone mimicking tissue constructs. In this environment, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) promotes the formation of vascular networks. However, while osteogenic differentiation is achieved with BMP-2, the treatment with FGF-2 suppressed osteogenic differentiation. Thus, this study shows that cocultures of hBM-MSCs and HUVECs in biological inert PEG matrices can be directed toward bone and bone marrow-like 3D tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Blache
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University and University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Li CS, Yang P, Ting K, Aghaloo T, Lee S, Zhang Y, Khalilinejad K, Murphy MC, Pan HC, Zhang X, Wu B, Zhou YH, Zhao Z, Zheng Z, Soo C. Fibromodulin reprogrammed cells: A novel cell source for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 83:194-206. [PMID: 26774565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent or multipotent cell-based therapeutics are vital for skeletal reconstruction in non-healing critical-sized defects since the local endogenous progenitor cells are not often adequate to restore tissue continuity or function. However, currently available cell-based regenerative strategies are hindered by numerous obstacles including inadequate cell availability, painful and invasive cell-harvesting procedures, and tumorigenesis. Previously, we established a novel platform technology for inducing a quiescent stem cell-like stage using only a single extracellular proteoglycan, fibromodulin (FMOD), circumventing gene transduction. In this study, we further purified and significantly increased the reprogramming rate of the yield multipotent FMOD reprogrammed (FReP) cells. We also exposed the 'molecular blueprint' of FReP cell osteogenic differentiation by gene profiling. Radiographic analysis showed that implantation of FReP cells into a critical-sized SCID mouse calvarial defect, contributed to the robust osteogenic capability of FReP cells in a challenging clinically relevant traumatic scenario in vivo. The persistence, engraftment, and osteogenesis of transplanted FReP cells without tumorigenesis in vivo were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, we have provided an extended potency, safety, and molecular profile of FReP cell-based bone regeneration. Therefore, FReP cells present a high potential for cellular and gene therapy products for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shuang Li
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Pu Yang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kambiz Khalilinejad
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxwell C Murphy
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA Division of Plastic Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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George JP, Chakravarty P, Chowdhary KY, Purushothama H, Rao JA. Attachment and Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells on to the Tooth Root Surface with and without the Use of Fibroblast Growth Factor-An In Vitro Study. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:90-8. [PMID: 26019758 PMCID: PMC4445713 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The purpose of this first of its kind study was to analyse the growth, development and attachment of cultured human umbilical cord stem cells alone or supplemented with basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) on both healthy and periodontally diseased tooth surfaces in vitro. Methods Four groups of 12 root surface scaffolds each were classified as Group I- healthy root surfaces; Group II- periodontally diseased; Group III- Healthy with bFGF and Group IV- periodontally diseased root with bFGF. bFGF was applied in the concentration of 8 ng/ml on to the surface followed by incubation of cultured human umbilical cord stem cells (hUCMSCs) on the scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy observations were made on 14th and 21st days to assess the proliferation and morphology of cells attached on the tooth surface. Results Cultured hUCMSCs demonstrated adhesion to tooth root scaffold. All the groups showed a significant increase in the number of cell attachment from 14th day to 21st day. The groups with bFGF showed a significant increase in attachment of cells when compared to the groups without bFGF. The cells showed an increase in number of flat cells from 14th day to 21st day in all the groups indicating an increased maturity of cells. Periodontally diseased groups had less maturity of cells than healthy groups. The groups supplemented with bFGF, had more mature cells than the groups without bFGF. Conclusions hUCMSCs have the propensity to differentiate into cells that have the capacity to bind to root surfaces. hUCMSCs incubated with bFGF showed better proliferation and attachment to tooth root surfaces. The role of hUCMSCs can be further explored for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Pauline George
- Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Hunasamaranahalli, (via) Yelahanka, Krishnadevarayanagar, Bangalore (North), India
| | - Pornika Chakravarty
- Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Hunasamaranahalli, (via) Yelahanka, Krishnadevarayanagar, Bangalore (North), India
| | - Kamedh Yashawant Chowdhary
- Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Hunasamaranahalli, (via) Yelahanka, Krishnadevarayanagar, Bangalore (North), India
| | - H Purushothama
- Sri Raghavendra Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, India
| | - Jyothsna A Rao
- Sri Raghavendra Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, India
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Beneficial effects of coculturing synovial derived mesenchymal stem cells with meniscus fibrochondrocytes are mediated by fibroblast growth factor 1: increased proliferation and collagen synthesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:926325. [PMID: 25852755 PMCID: PMC4379431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscus reconstruction is in great need for orthopedic surgeons. Meniscal fibrochondrocytes transplantation was proposed to regenerate functional meniscus, with limited donor supply. We hypothesized that coculture of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SSC) with meniscal fibrochondrocytes (me-CH) can support matrix production of me-CH, thus reducing the number of me-CH needed for meniscus reconstruction. A pellet coculture system of human SSC and me-CH was used in this study. Enhanced glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in coculture pellets were demonstrated by Alcian blue staining and GAG quantification, when compared to monoculture. More collagen synthesis was shown in coculture pellets by hydroxyproline assay. Increased proliferation of me-CH was observed in coculture. Data from BrdU staining and ELISA demonstrated that conditioned medium of SSCs enhanced the proliferation and collagen synthesis of me-CH, and this effect was blocked by neutralizing antibody against fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). Western blot showed that conditioned medium of SSCs can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by increasing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated regulated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK). Overall, this study provided evidence that synovial MSCs can support proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibrochondrocytes, by secreting FGF1. Coimplantation of SSC and me-CH could be a useful strategy for reconstructing meniscus.
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Ahearne M, Lysaght J, Lynch AP. Combined influence of basal media and fibroblast growth factor on the expansion and differentiation capabilities of adipose-derived stem cells. CELL REGENERATION 2014; 3:13. [PMID: 25789158 PMCID: PMC4325938 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has increased in recent years due to their multi-linage differentiation capabilities. While much work has been done to optimize the differentiation media, few studies have focused on examining the influence of different expansion media on cell behavior. In this study, three basal media (low glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), high glucose DMEM and DMEM-F12) supplemented with or without fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF) were examined to assess their suitability for expanding ASCs. FINDINGS Flow cytometry, colony-forming unit assays (CFU-Fs) and differentiation assays were utilized to study cell behavior. High glucose media CFU-Fs produced fewest colonies while the addition of FGF increased colony size. By passage 2, the majority of cells were positive for CD44, 45, 73, 90 and 105 and negative for CD14, 31 and 45, indicating a mesenchymal phenotype. A sub-population of CD34 positive cells was present among passage 2 cells; however, by passage 4 the cells were negative for CD34. FGF has a negative effective on passage 4 ASC adipogenesis and high glucose media plus FGF-enhanced osteogenic capacity of passage 4 ASCs. FGF supplemented basal media were most suitable for chondrogenesis. High glucose media plus FGF appeared to be the most beneficial for priming ASCs to induce a keratocyte phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the reciprocal effect FGF and basal media have on ASCs. This research has implications for those interested regenerating bone, cartilage, cornea or adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Amy P Lynch
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hagmann S, Frank S, Gotterbarm T, Dreher T, Eckstein V, Moradi B. Fluorescence activated enrichment of CD146+ cells during expansion of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells augments proliferation and GAG/DNA content in chondrogenic media. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:322. [PMID: 25262357 PMCID: PMC4196082 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While numerous subpopulations of BM-MSCs have been identified, the relevance of these findings regarding the functional properties remains mostly unclear. With regards to attempts of enhancing differentiation results by preselecting certain MSC subtypes, we have evaluated the efficiency of CD146 purification during expansion, and evaluated whether these measures enhanced MSC differentiation results. METHODS Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow of six donors and cultured in two different culture media. After P1, MSCs were purified by either magnetic or fluorescence sorting for CD146, with unsorted cells as controls. Growth characteristics and typical MSC surface markers were assessed from P0 to P3. After P3, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential were assessed. RESULTS Despite a high variability of CD146 expression among the donors, fluorescence sorting significantly increased the number of CD146+ cells compared to control MSCs, while magnetic sorting led to a lesser enrichment. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential was not affected by the sorting process. However, FACS-sorted cells showed significantly increased GAG/DNA content after chondrogenic differentiation compared to control MSCs. CONCLUSION FACS sorting of CD146+ cells was more efficient than magnetic sorting. The underlying mechanism of increased GAG/DNA content after enrichment during expansion remains unclear, but may be linked to increased proliferation rates in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Babak Moradi
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Somoza RA, Welter JF, Correa D, Caplan AI. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: challenges and unfulfilled expectations. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:596-608. [PMID: 24749845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair and regeneration provides a substantial challenge in Regenerative Medicine because of the high degree of morphological and mechanical complexity intrinsic to hyaline cartilage due, in part, to its extracellular matrix. Cartilage remains one of the most difficult tissues to heal; even state-of-the-art regenerative medicine technology cannot yet provide authentic cartilage resurfacing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were once believed to be the panacea for cartilage repair and regeneration, but despite years of research, they have not fulfilled these expectations. It has been observed that MSCs have an intrinsic differentiation program reminiscent of endochondral bone formation, which they follow after exposure to specific reagents as a part of current differentiation protocols. Efforts have been made to avoid the resulting hypertrophic fate of MSCs; however, so far, none of these has recreated a fully functional articular hyaline cartilage without chondrocytes exhibiting a hypertrophic phenotype. We reviewed the current literature in an attempt to understand why MSCs have failed to regenerate articular cartilage. The challenges that must be overcome before MSC-based tissue engineering can become a front-line technology for successful articular cartilage regeneration are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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