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Liu L, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang L, Zhi S, Feng X, Liu X, Shen Y, Hao J. Sohlh2 promotes pulmonary fibrosis via repression of p62/Keap1/Nrf2 mediated anti-oxidative signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:698. [PMID: 37875506 PMCID: PMC10598036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the redox balance of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was considered as a causal factor for pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory mechanisms of redox hemostasis in the development of pulmonary fibrosis remain largely unknown. Using a type II AEC-specific Sohlh2 conditional knock-in (CKI) mouse model, we found that Sohlh2, a basic HLH transcription factor, accelerated age-related pulmonary fibrosis. High-fat diet (HFD) resulted in a tremendous increase in lung inflammation and fibrotic changes in the lung tissues of Sohlh2 CKI mice. Sohlh2 overexpression led to a significant rise of intracellular ROS and apoptosis in the lung, mouse primary AECIIs, and human A549 cells, which was attenuated by ROS inhibitor (NAC). Sohlh2 enhanced oxidative stress via repressing p62/Keap1/Nrf2 mediated anti-oxidative signaling pathway. p62, a direct target of Sohlh2, mediated Sohlh2 effects on ROS generation and apoptosis in A549 cells. Hence, our findings elucidate a pivotal mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for aging-related disorder interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Morphological Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.
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2
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Yu D, Xiang Y, Gou T, Tong R, Xu C, Chen L, Zhong L, Shi J. New therapeutic approaches against pulmonary fibrosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106592. [PMID: 37178650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the end-stage change of a large class of lung diseases characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and the accumulation of a large amount of extracellular matrix, accompanied by inflammatory damage and tissue structure destruction, which also shows the normal alveolar tissue is damaged and then abnormally repaired resulting in structural abnormalities (scarring). Pulmonary fibrosis has a serious impact on the respiratory function of the human body, and the clinical manifestation is progressive dyspnea. The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis-related diseases is increasing year by year, and no curative drugs have appeared so far. Nevertheless, research on pulmonary fibrosis have also increased in recent years, but there are no breakthrough results. Pathological changes of pulmonary fibrosis appear in the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that have not yet ended, and whether to improve the condition of patients with COVID-19 by means of the anti-fibrosis therapy, which are the questions we need to address now. This review systematically sheds light on the current state of research on fibrosis from multiple perspectives, hoping to provide some references for design and optimization of subsequent drugs and the selection of anti-fibrosis treatment plans and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- College of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tingting Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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3
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Effendi WI, Nagano T. A2B Adenosine Receptor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pursuing Proper Pit Stop to Interfere with Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4428. [PMID: 36901855 PMCID: PMC10002355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in various human physiological and pathological mechanisms. The pathological deregulation of purinergic signaling contributes to various chronic respiratory diseases. Among the adenosine receptors, A2B has the lowest affinity such that it was long considered to have little pathophysiological significance. Many studies suggest that A2BAR plays protective roles during the early stage of acute inflammation. However, increased adenosine levels during chronic epithelial injury and inflammation might activate A2BAR, resulting in cellular effects relevant to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine of UNAIR (PaRU) Research Center, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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4
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Breaking the Bridge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116064. [PMID: 35682743 PMCID: PMC9181498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CTGF is upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by the deposition of a pathological extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, many omics studies confirmed that aberrant cellular senescence-associated mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming had been identified in different IPF lung cells (alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages). Here, we reviewed the role of the CTGF in IPF lung cells to mediate anomalous senescence-related metabolic mechanisms that support the fibrotic environment in IPF.
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Ma Y, Feng C, Tang H, Deng P, Li Y, Wang J, Zhu S, Zhu L. Management of BMI Is a Potential New Approach for the Prevention of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:821029. [PMID: 35360873 PMCID: PMC8961741 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.821029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Current idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) therapies usually show a poor outcome or treatment efficacy. The search for new risk factors has significant implications in preventing, delaying, and treating IPF. The association between obesity and the risk of IPF is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of different obesity types in IPF risk, which provides the possibility of weight loss as a new approach for IPF prevention. Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect of obesity on IPF risk. We collected summary data of genetically determined obesity-related traits, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) from large-scale consortia (the sample size ranging from 232,101 to 681,275), and genetic association with IPF from one of the largest meta-analyses including 2,668 cases. A total of 35–469 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables for obesity-related traits. We further performed multivariable MR to estimate the independent effect of BMI and WC on the risk of IPF. Results: Increased BMI and WC were associated with higher risk of IPF [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.22–1.87), p = 1.27 × 10–4, and OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.08–2.72), p = 2.33 × 10–2, respectively]. Similar results for the BMI and WC were obtained in the replicated analysis. Subsequently, only the result for BMI survived following the multiple testing correction and showed good consistency with the weighted median estimator. Sensitivity analyses indicated that there was no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy for MR estimations. Further multivariable MR suggested that the BMI showed the same direction and similar magnitude with that in the univariable MR analysis. There was little evidence to support the causal role of WHR on the risk of IPF in this study. Conclusion: Genetically determined BMI demonstrates a causal risk for IPF, which offers a novel insight into probing potential mechanisms. Meanwhile, these results also suggest that weight loss may be beneficial to IPF prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Tang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peizhi Deng
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Wang FX, Gao FY, Liu X, Chen XY, Tian D, Tian XY, Jiao ZM, Hou PY. Long non-coding RNA expression in silicosis and MRAK050699 function in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S763-S774. [PMID: 34779285 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211059503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a lung fibrotic disease caused by chronic silica exposure. Aberrations in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression are associated with fibrotic diseases, but the role of lncRNAs in silicosis pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of lncRNAs during silicosis and the role of MRAK050699 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Differentially expressed lncRNAs in the lung tissues of normal and silicosis rats were compared, and their biological effects were determined using the Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. There were 1077 differentially expressed lncRNAs (378 upregulated and 699 downregulated). MRAK052509, MRAK139674, AY539881, MRAK050699, XR_6113, and BC167061 were selected to verify expression in silicosis rats using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MRAK050699 was knocked down in rat alveolar type II epithelial cells, and the molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT in these cells was studied. All selected lncRNAs were upregulated in the silicosis rats, consistent with the sequencing results. MRAK050699 knockdown inhibited EMT of RLE-6TN cells by regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, the differential expression of lncRNAs is related to silicosis development, and MRAK050699 plays an important role in EMT, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Fang-Yu Gao
- General Hospital of Tisco, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Di Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xue-Yan Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zi-Ming Jiao
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng-Yi Hou
- School of Public Health and Management, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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7
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Pacurari M, Mitra A, Turner T. Idiopathic Pulmonary Comorbidities and Mechanisms. Int J Inflam 2021; 2021:3963659. [PMID: 34691383 PMCID: PMC8528608 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3963659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with an unknown etiology mainly characterized by a progressive decline of lung function due to the scarring of the tissue deep in the lungs. The overall survival after diagnosis remains low between 3 and 5 years. IPF is a heterogeneous disease and much progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the disease mechanisms that contributed to the development of two new drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which improved the therapeutic management of the disease. The understanding of the cofactors and comorbidities of IPF also contributed to improved management of the disease outcome. In the present review, we evaluate scientific evidence which indicates IPF as a risk factor for other diseases based on the complexity of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the disease development and of comorbidities. We conclude from the existing literature that while much progress has been made in understating the mechanisms involved in IPF development, further studies are still necessary to fully understand IPF pathogenesis which will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for IPF management as well as other diseases for which IPF is a major risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricica Pacurari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Amal Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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8
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Bluhmki T, Traub S, Müller AK, Bitzer S, Schruf E, Bammert MT, Leist M, Gantner F, Garnett JP, Heilker R. Functional human iPSC-derived alveolar-like cells cultured in a miniaturized 96‑Transwell air-liquid interface model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17028. [PMID: 34426605 PMCID: PMC8382767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to circumvent the limited access and donor variability of human primary alveolar cells, directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into alveolar-like cells, provides a promising tool for respiratory disease modeling and drug discovery assays. In this work, a unique, miniaturized 96-Transwell microplate system is described where hiPSC-derived alveolar-like cells were cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To this end, hiPSCs were differentiated into lung epithelial progenitor cells (LPCs) and subsequently matured into a functional alveolar type 2 (AT2)-like epithelium with monolayer-like morphology. AT2-like cells cultured at the physiological ALI conditions displayed characteristics of AT2 cells with classical alveolar surfactant protein expressions and lamellar-body like structures. The integrity of the epithelial barriers between the AT2-like cells was confirmed by applying a custom-made device for 96-parallelized transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) measurements. In order to generate an IPF disease-like phenotype in vitro, the functional AT2-like cells were stimulated with cytokines and growth factors present in the alveolar tissue of IPF patients. The cytokines stimulated the secretion of pro-fibrotic biomarker proteins both on the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and protein level. Thus, the hiPSC-derived and cellular model system enables the recapitulation of certain IPF hallmarks, while paving the route towards a miniaturized medium throughput approach of pharmaceutical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bluhmki
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Traub
- Trenzyme GmbH, Byk-Gulden-Str. 2, 78467, Constance, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Bitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Eva Schruf
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Bammert
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - James P Garnett
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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9
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Khan T, Dasgupta S, Ghosh N, Chaudhury K. Proteomics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the quest for biomarkers. Mol Omics 2021; 17:43-58. [PMID: 33073811 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating chronic progressive and fibrosing lung disease that culminates in the destruction of alveolar integrity and dismal prognosis. Its etiology is unknown and pathophysiology remains unclear. While great advances have been made in elucidating the pathogenesis mechanism, considerable gaps related to information on pathogenetic pathways and key protein targets involved in the clinical course of the disease exist. These issues need to be addressed for better clinical management of this highly challenging disease. Omics approach has revolutionized the entire area of disease understanding and holds promise in its translation to clinical biomarker discovery. This review outlines the contribution of proteomics towards identification of important biomarkers in IPF in terms of their clinical utility, i.e. prognosis, differential diagnosis, disease progression and treatment monitoring. The major dysregulated pathways associated with IPF are also discussed. Based on numerous proteomics studies on human and animal models, it is proposed that IPF pathogenesis involves complex interactions of several pathways such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, coagulation system, inflammation, abnormal wounding, fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis and deposition of extracellular matrix. These pathways and their key path-changing mediators need further validation in large well-planned multi-centric trials at various geographical locations for successful development of clinical biomarkers of this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tila Khan
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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10
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Veith C, Hristova M, Danyal K, Habibovic A, Dustin CM, McDonough JE, Vanaudenaerde BM, Kreuter M, Schneider MA, Kahn N, van Schooten FJ, Boots AW, van der Vliet A. Profibrotic epithelial TGF-β1 signaling involves NOX4-mitochondria cross talk and redox-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinase FYN. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L356-L367. [PMID: 33325804 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00444.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a disturbed redox balance and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is believed to contribute to epithelial injury and fibrotic lung scarring. The main pulmonary sources of ROS include mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), of which the NOX4 isoform has been implicated in IPF. Non-receptor SRC tyrosine kinases (SFK) are important for cellular homeostasis and are often dysregulated in lung diseases. SFK activation by the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is thought to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis, but the relevant SFK isoform and its relationship to NOX4 and/or mitochondrial ROS in the context of profibrotic TGF-β signaling is not known. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 can rapidly activate the SRC kinase FYN in human bronchial epithelial cells, which subsequently induces mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, genetic damage shown by the DNA damage marker γH2AX, and increased expression of profibrotic genes. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced activation of FYN involves initial activation of NOX4 and direct cysteine oxidation of FYN, and both FYN and mtROS contribute to TGF-β-induced induction of NOX4. NOX4 expression in lung tissues of IPF patients is positively correlated with disease severity, although FYN expression is down-regulated in IPF and does not correlate with disease severity. Collectively, our findings highlight a critical role for FYN in TGF-β1-induced mtROS production, DNA damage response, and induction of profibrotic genes in bronchial epithelial cells, and suggest that altered expression and activation of NOX4 and FYN may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - John E McDonough
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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11
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Schruf E, Schroeder V, Le HQ, Schönberger T, Raedel D, Stewart EL, Fundel-Clemens K, Bluhmki T, Weigle S, Schuler M, Thomas MJ, Heilker R, Webster MJ, Dass M, Frick M, Stierstorfer B, Quast K, Garnett JP. Recapitulating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related alveolar epithelial dysfunction in a human iPSC-derived air-liquid interface model. FASEB J 2020; 34:7825-7846. [PMID: 32297676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902926r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown cause that is characterized by progressive fibrotic lung remodeling. An abnormal emergence of airway epithelial-like cells within the alveolar compartments of the lung, herein termed bronchiolization, is often observed in IPF. However, the origin of this dysfunctional distal lung epithelium remains unknown due to a lack of suitable human model systems. In this study, we established a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived air-liquid interface (ALI) model of alveolar epithelial type II (ATII)-like cell differentiation that allows us to investigate alveolar epithelial progenitor cell differentiation in vitro. We treated this system with an IPF-relevant cocktail (IPF-RC) to mimic the pro-fibrotic cytokine milieu present in IPF lungs. Stimulation with IPF-RC during differentiation increases secretion of IPF biomarkers and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of these cultures reveals significant overlap with human IPF patient data. IPF-RC treatment further impairs ATII differentiation by driving a shift toward an airway epithelial-like expression signature, providing evidence that a pro-fibrotic cytokine environment can influence the proximo-distal differentiation pattern of human lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show for the first time, the establishment of a human model system that recapitulates aspects of IPF-associated bronchiolization of the lung epithelium in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schruf
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Victoria Schroeder
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Huy Q Le
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dagmar Raedel
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Emily L Stewart
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Katrin Fundel-Clemens
- Global Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Teresa Bluhmki
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sabine Weigle
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Schuler
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Megan J Webster
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Dass
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Karsten Quast
- Global Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - James P Garnett
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Veith C, Boots AW, Idris M, van Schooten FJ, van der Vliet A. Redox Imbalance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Role for Oxidant Cross-Talk Between NADPH Oxidase Enzymes and Mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1092-1115. [PMID: 30793932 PMCID: PMC6767863 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related lung disease with a median survival of only 3 years after diagnosis. The pathogenic mechanisms behind IPF are not clearly understood, and current therapeutic approaches have not been successful in improving disease outcomes. Recent Advances: IPF is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily by NADPH oxidases (NOXes) and mitochondria, as well as altered antioxidant defenses. Recent studies have identified the NOX isoform NOX4 as a key player in various important aspects of IPF pathology. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to enhance pathological features of IPF, in part by increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and altering cellular metabolism. Recent findings indicate reciprocal interactions between NOX enzymes and mitochondria, which affect regulation of NOX activity as well as mitochondrial function and mtROS production, and collectively promote epithelial injury and profibrotic signaling. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The precise molecular mechanisms by which ROS from NOX or mitochondria contribute to IPF pathology are not known. This review summarizes the current knowledge with respect to the various aspects of ROS imbalance in the context of IPF and its proposed roles in disease development, with specific emphasis on the importance of inappropriate NOX activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the emerging evidence of NOX-mitochondria cross-talk as important drivers in IPF pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes W. Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Idris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Albert van der Vliet, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF 216, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405
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13
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Correll KA, Edeen KE, Zemans RL, Redente EF, Serban KA, Curran-Everett D, Edelman BL, Mikels-Vigdal A, Mason RJ. Transitional human alveolar type II epithelial cells suppress extracellular matrix and growth factor gene expression in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L283-L294. [PMID: 31166130 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-fibroblast interactions are thought to be very important in the adult lung in response to injury, but the specifics of these interactions are not well defined. We developed coculture systems to define the interactions of adult human alveolar epithelial cells with lung fibroblasts. Alveolar type II cells cultured on floating collagen gels reduced the expression of type 1 collagen (COL1A1) and α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) in fibroblasts. They also reduced fibroblast expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7, KGF), and FGF10. When type II cells were cultured at an air-liquid interface to maintain high levels of surfactant protein expression, this inhibitory activity was lost. When type II cells were cultured on collagen-coated tissue culture wells to reduce surfactant protein expression further and increase the expression of some type I cell markers, the epithelial cells suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated ACTA2 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in lung fibroblasts. Our results suggest that transitional alveolar type II cells and likely type I cells but not fully differentiated type II cells inhibit matrix and growth factor expression in fibroblasts. These cells express markers of both type II cells and type I cells. This is probably a normal homeostatic mechanism to inhibit the fibrotic response in the resolution phase of wound healing. Defining how transitional type II cells convert activated fibroblasts into a quiescent state and inhibit the effects of TGF-β may provide another approach to limiting the development of fibrosis after alveolar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Shin DY, Jeong MH, Bang IJ, Kim HR, Chung KH. MicroRNA regulatory networks reflective of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced fibrosis in A549 human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 287:49-58. [PMID: 29337256 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-phosphate), an active component of humidifier disinfectant, is suspected to be a major cause of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis, induced by recurrent epithelial damage, is significantly affected by epigenetic regulation, including microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the fibrogenic mechanisms of PHMG-phosphate through the profiling of miRNAs and their target genes. A549 cells were treated with 0.75 μg/mL PHMG-phosphate for 24 and 48 h and miRNA microarray expression analysis was conducted. The putative mRNA targets of the miRNAs were identified and subjected to Gene Ontology analysis. After exposure to PHMG-phosphate for 24 and 48 h, 46 and 33 miRNAs, respectively, showed a significant change in expression over 1.5-fold compared with the control. The integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA microarray results revealed the putative targets that were prominently enriched were associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle changes, and apoptosis. The dose-dependent induction of EMT by PHMG-phosphate exposure was confirmed by western blot. We identified 13 putative EMT-related targets that may play a role in PHMG-phosphate-induced fibrosis according to the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of the fibrogenic mechanism of PHMG-phosphate and will aid further study on PHMG-phosphate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ho Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jae Bang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Abstract
The lung parenchyma is comprised of many cells including the structurally important stromal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts function to produce extracellular matrix and are important in the maintenance of alveolar epithelial cells. To understand the role of fibroblasts both in homeostasis and disease, we isolate fibroblasts and grow them in culture. Two methods are presented here for the isolation and maintenance of mouse primary lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA. .,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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Liu Y, Li Y, Xu Q, Yao W, Wu Q, Yuan J, Yan W, Xu T, Ji X, Ni C. Long non-coding RNA-ATB promotes EMT during silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by competitively binding miR-200c. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:420-431. [PMID: 29113749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important signal transduction regulators that act by various patterns. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA related pathways in occupational lung fibrosis. Our previous study found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was one of the key events in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study showed that the lncRNA-ATB promoted EMT by acting as a miR-200c sponge. miR-200c was identified by miRNA array as a potential target of lncRNA-ATB and verified by dual luciferase reporter gene together with RNA pull-down assays. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that lncRNA-ATB is abundantly expressed during EMT of lung epithelial cells, which contributes to decreased levels of miR-200c. miR-200c targeted ZEB1 to relief silicosis by blocking EMT in vivo and in vitro. The results also suggested M2 macrophages secreted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to induce EMT process by activating lncRNA-ATB in epithelial cells. Collectively, silica-stimulated macrophages secreted TGF-β1 to induce lncRNA-ATB in epithelia cells, promoting EMT by binding with miR-200c and releasing ZEB1. These observations provide further understanding of the regulatory network of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and identify new therapeutic targets hopefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxi Yao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwen Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Lv XX, Liu SS, Hu ZW. Autophagy-inducing natural compounds: a treasure resource for developing therapeutics against tissue fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:101-108. [PMID: 28252344 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1279151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a common pathologic change of many chronic diseases, which is characterized by extracellular matrix accumulation in tissues and dysfunction of the injured organs. Despite there recently gain mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis, therapeutics for tissue fibrosis and thus many chronic diseases remain a significant clinical unmet need. Recent progressions indicate that autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation process in eukaryotic cells, not only plays an important regulatory role in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, but also contributes to the development and progression of tissue fibrosis in a diversity of organs. Interestingly, a number of natural compounds derived from plant or Chinese Herb Medicines (CHM), have been identified as modulators of autophagy, and may function as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of different fibrotic diseases. In this review, we focus on several plant natural compounds that have well-known anti-fibrotic effects through regulating autophagic signal pathways or autophagy activity. These findings should provide important therapeutic clues and strategy for the development of new anti-fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Lv
- a Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- a Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- a Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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18
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Wong SLI, Sukkar MB. The SPARC protein: an overview of its role in lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis and its potential role in chronic airways disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3-14. [PMID: 27759879 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) protein is matricellular molecule regulating interactions between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). This protein thus governs fundamental cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. SPARC also regulates the expression and activity of numerous growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases essential for ECM degradation and turnover. Studies in SPARC-null mice have revealed a critical role for SPARC in tissue development, injury and repair and in the regulation of the immune response. In the lung, SPARC drives pathological responses in non-small cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by promoting microvascular remodelling and excessive deposition of ECM proteins. Remarkably, although chronic airway conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involve significant remodelling in both the airway and vascular compartments, the role of SPARC in these conditions has thus far been overlooked. In this review, we discuss the role of SPARC in lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as potential mechanisms by which it may contribute to the disease process in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L I Wong
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Sukkar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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19
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Shimbori C, Bellaye PS, Xia J, Gauldie J, Ask K, Ramos C, Becerril C, Pardo A, Selman M, Kolb M. Fibroblast growth factor-1 attenuates TGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis. J Pathol 2016; 240:197-210. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Departments of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Departments of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jiaji Xia
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Departments of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jack Gauldie
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Departments of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; México DF México Mexico
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; México DF México Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; México DF México Mexico
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Departments of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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20
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Shi L, Dong N, Fang X, Wang X. Regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis of human alveolar epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2183-2193. [PMID: 27420297 PMCID: PMC5082411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an extensive activation of fibrogenic cells and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, probably through the epithelial‐ to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ECM production. The present study investigates potential mechanism by which TGF‐β1 induces EMT and ECM production in the fibrogenesis of human lung epithelial cells during pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of EMT phenotype and other proteins relevant to fibrogenesis were measured and the cell bio‐behaviours were assessed using Cell‐IQ Alive Image Monitoring System. We found that TGF‐β1‐induced EMT was accompanied with increased collagen I deposition, which may be involved in the regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway. Treatment with PI3K inhibitors significantly attenuated the TGF‐β1‐ induced EMT, CTGF expression and collagen I synthesis in lung epithelial cells. The interference of CTGF expression impaired the basal and TGF‐β1‐stimulated collagen I deposition, but did not affect the process of EMT. Our data indicate that the signal pathway of TGF‐β1/PI3K/CTGF plays an important role in the fibrogenesis of human lung epithelial cells, which may be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Dong
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocong Fang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Sriram N, Kalayarasan S, Manikandan R, Arumugam M, Sudhandiran G. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production by effectively intervening TGF-β1 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:849-59. [PMID: 26010495 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) poses a huge burden to the patients and society due to lack of an effective treatment drug. Activation of fibrocyte, fibroblast and myofibroblasts are important steps in the development of PF. Targeting this common pathway with natural chemicals may lead to the development of new drug regimens for PF treatment. In this study, PF was induced in male Wistar rats by intratracheal administration of Bleomycin (BLM). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was administered to one of the groups of rats to test its efficacy against the development of PF. Bleomycin-induction resulted in significant elevation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression, increased RNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smads and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). EGCG treatment normalized the BLM induced aberrations in these rats. The protective role of EGCG was also validated in vitro using the WI-38 fibroblast cell line. TGF-β1 incubated cells exhibited increased fibroblast proliferation and hydroxyproline levels with a concomitant decrease in the expression of MMPs 2 and 9. An increase in protein expression levels of p-Smad, α-SMA and type I collagen (COL1A) was also exhibited by fibroblasts upon TGF-β1 incubation. Simultaneous treatment of EGCG to WI-38 cells significantly decreased these protein expressions alongside normalizing the MMPs expression. The study revealed that EGCG inhibited fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation by inhibiting TGF-β1 signalling and thus can be considered as an effective drug against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Sriram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ramar Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Munusamy Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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22
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Ota C, Yamada M, Fujino N, Motohashi H, Tando Y, Takei Y, Suzuki T, Takahashi T, Kamata S, Makiguchi T, Yamaya M, Kubo H. Histone deacetylase inhibitor restores surfactant protein-C expression in alveolar-epithelial type II cells and attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:422-34. [PMID: 26151196 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1060275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surfactant protein-C (SP-C) of alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) plays a key role in maintaining alveolar integrity and repair. Mutations or decreased expression of SFTPC, the gene encoding SP-C, causes ATII injury and aberrant repair of the lung tissue to develop pulmonary fibrosis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) epigenetically remove acetyl groups from acetylated histones and regulate transcription. HDAC inhibitors attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrotic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Trichostatin A (TSA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, epigenetically exerts a protective effect on ATII against fibrotic changes via the restoration of SFTPC expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated A549 cells with TGF-β1 to induce EMT, followed by TSA treatment. We evaluated SFTPC mRNA, histone acetylation levels in the SFTPC gene promoter region, and pro-SP-C protein. C57BL6/J mice were treated with intratracheal bleomycin instillation followed by TSA administration. Histological changes and Sftpc mRNA expression in isolated ATII were evaluated. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment decreased SFTPC mRNA in A549 cells. TSA restored SFTPC mRNA, and increased histone H4 acetylation in the SFTPC promoter region in vitro. The administration of TSA partially attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and increased the Sftpc mRNA expression in isolated ATII from bleomycin-treated lungs in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of SFTPC by TGF-β1 treatment was restored by TSA via hyperacetylation of histone H4 in the promoter region. TSA partially attenuated pulmonary fibrosis and increased Sftpc mRNA in ATII. Our findings suggest that the epigenetic restoration of SP-C would be a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ota
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,b Department of Pediatrics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- d Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yukiko Tando
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,e Department of Anesthesiology , Tohoku University Hospital , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- f Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,e Department of Anesthesiology , Tohoku University Hospital , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamata
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,f Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Tomonori Makiguchi
- c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
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