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Kilian C, Manthey J, Braddick F, López-Pelayo H, Rehm J. Social disparities in alcohol's harm to others: evidence from 32 European countries. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 118:104079. [PMID: 37271071 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use can cause harm not only to the person who consumes it but also to others. Prior research has found that these alcohol-attributable harms to others differ across socioeconomic groups, though several findings have been contradictory. The aim of this contribution was to study the role of individual-level and population-level income inequalities in alcohol's harm to others among women and men. METHODS Logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 2021, covering 39,629 respondents from 32 European countries. Harms from others' drinking were defined as experiences of physical harm, involvement in a serious argument, or involvement in a traffic accident, due to another person's drinking, within the past year. We examined the association of individual-level income and country-specific income inequality (Gini index) with harms from a known person's or a stranger's drinking, adjusting for the respondent's age, daily drinking levels, and at least monthly risky single-occasion drinking. RESULTS At the individual level, people with lower incomes had 21% to 47% increased odds of reporting harms from a known person's drinking (women and men) or stranger's drinking (men only) than their same-gender counterparts in the highest income quintile. At the national level, countries with higher income inequality showed increased risks of harms from a known person's drinking among women (OR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 - 1.14), while among men the risk of harm from strangers' drinking decreased with higher income inequality (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81 - 0.92). These associations with income inequality were observed among respondents from all but the lowest income groups. CONCLUSION Alcohol can cause harm to others, with women and people with low incomes being disproportionally exposed to these harms. Alcohol control policies targeting high consumption levels, especially among men, as well as upstream policies to reduce inequalities, are needed to lower the health burden of alcohol beyond those who consume it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kilian
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fleur Braddick
- Grup de Recerca en Addicions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo López-Pelayo
- Grup de Recerca en Addicions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Addictions Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Kinjo A, Kuwabara Y, Fujii M, Okada T, Shimogawa K, Minobe R, Maesato H, Higuchi S, Osaki Y. Alcohol's harm to others in Japan: Different rates for different relationships to the drinker in a 2018 national survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:456-466. [PMID: 36471634 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No study in Japan has investigated alcohol's harm to others (AHTO). Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the situation of AHTO in Japan and examine the factors associated with it based on the relationship with the drinker. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based survey was performed in 2018 with 2121 men and 2507 women. Respondents were asked questions about factors such as verbal or physical aggression, being forced to drink alcohol, sexual harassment and their relationship with the drinker. Binomial logistic regression was performed to quantify the associations of AHTO with participants' socio-demographic status and drinking patterns. RESULTS The lifetime experience of AHTO was 24.7% for men and 19.3% for women. AHTO from the father and co-workers were the most common in and outside the home, respectively. The frequency of AHTO from the spouse or co-workers showed no significant difference for abstainers and drinkers. However, AHTO from the father was more commonly reported among drinkers and those with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ≥8 points than abstainers. Of those who experienced AHTO, 24.5% of men and 27.6% of women, and 6.1% of men and 12.9% of women were profoundly affected by it in and outside the home, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS One in five Japanese residents experienced AHTO in their life, and the characteristics associated with AHTO differed according to the affected individual's relationship with the drinker. Continued monitoring of AHTO and measures aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm that include AHTO should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kinjo
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwabara
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Maya Fujii
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomomi Okada
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ko Shimogawa
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ruriko Minobe
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Yu J, Sumerlin TS, Goggins WB, Dong D, Chung RYN, Kim JH. First- and second-hand alcohol-related harms among urban Chinese: A population-based study from Hong Kong. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:208-220. [PMID: 34184790 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption has been steadily increasing in East Asia, however, there is comparatively little regional data of alcohol-related harms. This study examines the alcohol-related harms prevalence and risk factors in Hong Kong, a high population density city with limited alcohol regulation. METHODS A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2019 on Chinese adults aged 18-74 (n = 3200). Respondents were asked about various past-year first-hand drinking harms (after one's own drinking), second-hand harms (harms from other people's drinking) and views of neighbourhood alcohol outlet regulation. RESULTS Of drinkers, 21.1% reported first-hand alcohol harms, with physical/mental health harms (15.7%) most commonly reported. Younger-aged drinkers (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 4.48) and heavy drinkers (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.55, 3.55) were more likely to report first-hand harms. Of the sample, 18.2% experienced past-year second-hand harms, with public harms (12.9%) most commonly reported. Young age (AOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.43, 2.49), higher education (AOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13, 1.83), past-year binge drinking (AOR 4.29, 95% CI 3.04, 6.05) and communal living (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.13, 3.75) predicted greater likelihood of second-hand alcohol harms. Higher neighbourhood alcohol outlet density was not associated with any first-hand harms and only significantly predicted being inconvenienced by drinkers. Although victims of second-hand alcohol harms were more supportive of regulating outlet density, 93.3% of respondents were opposed to such policies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although high levels of alcohol-related harms were not reported by Hong Kong adults, regulations should target young drinkers and binge drinkers who are most likely to experience drinking-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhou Yu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy S Sumerlin
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - William B Goggins
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Dong Dong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,CUHK Institute of Health Equality, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Jean H Kim
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Cook WK, Li L, Greenfield TK, Patterson D, Naimi T, Xuan Z, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. State Alcohol Policies, Binge Drinking Prevalence, Socioeconomic Environments and Alcohol's Harms to Others: A Mediation Analysis. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:360-367. [PMID: 32790857 PMCID: PMC8085366 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol policy effects on alcohol's harms due to others' drinking (AHTO) and contextual factors that may mediate such policy effects have been understudied. This study examines state binge drinking prevalence as a mediator of the relationship between state alcohol policy and socioeconomic environments and individual-level AHTO. METHODS A nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 32,401; 13,873 males, 18,528 females) from the 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 National Alcohol Surveys and the 2015 National Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey, administered in telephone interviews and based on random digit dialed sampling, were linked with state-level Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) scores, binge drinking prevalence and socioeconomic status (SES) data. Three 12-month AHTO measures were family/marriage difficulties, assault or vandalism and riding with drunk driver or having traffic accident. Three-level mediation analyses were conducted, controlling for gender, race, education, marital status, family problem-drinking history and state policing rate. RESULTS The effects of the APS on reduced risks for assault/vandalism and drinking-driving harms were significantly mediated by reduced state binge drinking prevalence. The APS had no direct or indirect effect on family/marital trouble. State SES had significant indirect effects on increased risks for assault/vandalism and driving-related harm through increased state binge drinking prevalence and a direct effect on reduced family/marital problems. CONCLUSIONS A more stringent alcohol policy environment could reduce assault/vandalism and driving-related harm due to another drinker by lowering state binge drinking rates. Alcohol policies may not be effective in reducing family problems caused by another drinker more prevalent in low-SES states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim Cook
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St. Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St. Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St. Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Deidre Patterson
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St. Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Timothy Naimi
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., 2 Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St. Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St. Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Dostanic N, Djikanovic B, Jovanovic M, Stamenkovic Z, Đeric A. The Association Between Family Violence, Depression and Anxiety Among Women Whose Partners Have Been Treated for Alcohol Dependence. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 37:313-324. [PMID: 33424110 PMCID: PMC7778496 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of men's excessive alcohol consumption on family members are well known. However, less is known about how men's alcohol dependence is associated with the mental health of their female spouses residing with them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) whose male spouses are undergoing treatment for alcohol dependence. We hypothesize that men with alcohol dependency, who are also violent, present a serious threat to women's mental health. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 104 women whose male partners had been admitted for inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence. Women's depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II); anxiety was measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and exposure to physical and sexual IPVAW was measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted in order to analyze factors associated with depression and anxiety. The prevalence of moderate/severe depression and anxiety among the women was 34.6% and 25.2%, respectively, while almost half (48.1%) experienced IPV during the past 12 months. After adjustments for age, exposure to IPV increased the chances of experiencing moderate/severe depression by 37.5 times (95% CI 7.91-177.76), and 8.15 times for moderate/severe anxiety (95% CI 2.45-27.14). The mental health of women whose partners have alcohol dependence is significantly threatened and should be considered, especially when it is associated with exposure to spousal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Dostanic
- Special Hospital for Addictions, Department for Alcoholism, Teodora Drajzera 44, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosiljka Djikanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Centre - School of Public, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stamenkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Centre - School of Public, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Đeric
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarevic”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Drabble L, Trocki KF, Hughes TL, Greenfield TK. Harm from Others' Drinking Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. LGBT Health 2020; 8:50-59. [PMID: 33337273 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Due to discrimination and stigma, sexual minority adults may be more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to experience harms from other people's drinking. We compared prevalence of second-hand alcohol harms for sexual minority and heterosexual adults in the United States. Methods: Data from the 2014-15 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (n = 5516; 10.2% sexual minority adults) were analyzed using logistic regression with survey weights to account for sampling and nonresponse. Multivariable models included simple main effects of sexual identity on the past-year harm outcomes, as well as interactions of drinker status with sexual identity. Results: In bivariate results stratified by sex, bisexual women were significantly more likely than heterosexual women to report all five types of harms. Lesbian respondents had greater odds relative to heterosexual women of reporting harm by a friend/coworker and assault or physical harm by a drinker. Bisexual identity among men was associated with greater odds of reporting assault/physical harm relative to heterosexual men in bivariate models. In adjusted models, differences by sexual identity were substantially reduced, with significance remaining only for friend/coworker-perpetrated harms and assault/physical harm among lesbian respondents compared with heterosexual women. For assault/physical harm, an interaction of sexual identity with the respondent's own drinking showed that the increased odds of harm associated with heavy drinking was even greater among sexual minority respondents (both bisexual and lesbian/gay respondents) than among heterosexual respondents. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of preventive interventions that consider disparities in risk for alcohol-related harms, particularly interpersonal violence, among sexual minority adults in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Drabble
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA.,College of Health and Human Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Karen F Trocki
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
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Nayak MB, Patterson D, Wilsnack SC, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Greenfield TK. Alcohol's Secondhand Harms in the United States: New Data on Prevalence and Risk Factors. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 31250790 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined a range of indicators of alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) among U.S. adults and assessed sociodemographic and alcohol-related risk factors for AHTO. METHOD The data came from 8,750 adult men and women in two parallel 2015 U.S. national surveys conducted in English and Spanish. Both surveys used computer-assisted telephone interviews and two-stage, stratified, list-assisted, random samples of adults ages 18 and older. RESULTS One in five adults experienced at least one of ten 12-month harms because of someone else's drinking. The prevalence of specific harm types and characteristics differed by gender. Women were more likely to report harm due to drinking by a spouse/partner or family member, whereas men were more likely to report harm due to a stranger's drinking. Being female also predicted family/financial harms. Younger age increased risk for all AHTO types, except physical aggression. Being of Black/other ethnicity, being separated/widowed/divorced, and having a college education without a degree each predicted physical aggression harm. The harmed individual's own heavy drinking and having a heavy drinker in the household increased risk for all AHTO types. The risk for physical aggression due to someone else's drinking was particularly elevated for heavy drinking women. CONCLUSIONS Secondhand effects of alcohol in the United States are substantial and affected by sociodemographics, the harmed individual's own drinking, and the presence of a heavy drinker in the household. Broad-based and targeted public health measures that consider AHTO risk factors are needed to reduce alcohol's secondhand harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhabika B Nayak
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Deidre Patterson
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Trangenstein PJ, Subbaraman MS, Greenfield TK, Mulia N, Kerr WC, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Association between state-level alcohol availability and taxation policies on the prevalence of alcohol-related harms to persons other than the drinker in the USA, 2000-2015. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:255-266. [PMID: 32202007 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol-related harms to others (AHTO) are consequences of alcohol use borne by persons other than the drinker. This study assessed whether the odds of experiencing AHTO are associated with alcohol availability and taxation policies. DESIGN AND METHODS This study pooled data from four waves of the National Alcohol Survey (n = 20656 adults). We measured past-year AHTO exposure using three binary variables: physical (pushed/hit/assaulted or property damage by someone who had been drinking), family or financial (family/marital problems or financial harms by someone who had been drinking) and driving AHTO (riding in a vehicle with a drink-driver or being in a drink-driving crash). Policies included bar and off-premise alcohol outlet density (separately), alcohol retail hours, beer and spirits taxes (separately) and monopoly on retail/wholesale alcohol purchases. RESULTS Monopolies were associated with 41.2% lower odds of physical harms [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45, 0.77, q < 0.001 correcting for multiple analyses], and a 10% increase in bar density was associated with a 1.2% increase in odds of driving-related harms ( e ln(1.1) * β =1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02, q = 0.03). Among men, beer taxes were associated with lower odds of physical harms ( eln(1.1) * β =0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98 q = 0.03) and monopolies were associated with lower odds of physical (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.35, 0.59, q < 0.001) and driving harms (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02, q = 0.03). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Monopolies, taxes and outlet density are associated with odds of some AHTO. Future longitudinal research should test whether physical availability and taxation policies may be protective for bystanders as well as drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, USA
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, USA
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Gender Equality, Drinking Cultures and Second-Hand Harms from Alcohol in the 50 US States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234619. [PMID: 31766337 PMCID: PMC6926546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gender inequality and cultures of binge drinking may increase the risk of second-hand harms from alcohol. Methods: Using the 2014–2015 National Alcohol Survey and 2015 National Alcohol’s Harm to Others Survey (N = 7792), we examine associations of state-level gender equality measures (contraceptive access, abortion rights, women’s economic equality) and binge drinking cultures (rates of men’s and women’s binge drinking) with individual-level indicators of second-hand harms by drinking strangers and partners/spouses. Results: In main effects models, only male binge drinking was associated with greater odds of harms from drinking strangers. There were significant interactions of gender equality with male binge drinking: High male binge drinking rates were more strongly associated with stranger-perpetrated harms in states low on contraceptive access or abortion rights compared to states high on these measures. Conversely, male binge drinking was more strongly associated with spouse/partner-perpetrated second-hand harms in states with more economic equality, compared to states lower on this measure. Conclusions: Detrimental effects of high male binge drinking rates may be modified by gender equality. Targeted interventions may reduce alcohol-related harms experienced by women in states with high rates of male binge drinking. Restrictions in access to contraception and abortion may exacerbate harms due to men’s drinking.
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Room R, Giesbrecht N, Greenfield TK. Alcohol's Harm to Others: Opportunities and Challenges in a Public Health Framework. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 79:239-243. [PMID: 29553351 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent and growing body of research on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO), or secondhand effects of drinking, has important implications for prevention, intervention, and policy. Those victimized by other drinkers tend to favor effective alcohol policies more than their nonvictimized peers, but often a community's impulse will be to combat AHTO by targeting and stigmatizing individual heavy drinkers, rather than taking a public health approach to reducing harm. Here we discuss opportunities and challenges in selecting ways of reducing AHTO. We make a case for adopting joint public health and individual approaches to reduce AHTO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rani A, Jaisoorya TS, Menon PG, Nair BS, Jeevan CR, Radhakrishnan KS, Jayarajan D, Adhin B, Thennarasu K, Benegal V. Harm from other people's drinking among college students in India. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:774-780. [PMID: 31469203 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There is a paucity of studies on the harms experienced by college students from India due to others' drinking, despite their increased risk. We studied the prevalence and correlates of harm from others' drinking among college students in the state of Kerala, India. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization-Thai Health Harm to Others from Drinking Master Protocol and other structured instruments to assess correlates. The frequencies of various harms were determined and a mixed effect multivariable negative binomial regression model was used to identify the factors responsible for harms. RESULTS Of the 4487 valid responses, 68.3% were females. The mean age of the sample was 19.5 years. Harm from others' drinking was reported by 68.7% of respondents. Among various harm domains, psychological harm was reported by 65.7%, physical by 15.2%, financial by 20.9%, and property harm by 5.0%. Strangers were the most common perpetrators. Being male and having a part-time job increased harms. Increasing age, urban residence, and staying in a hostel were correlated with psychological-but not physical-harm. Subjects who reported harm had higher odds of reporting alcohol use and psychological distress. 'Any harm' or psychological harm was associated with suicidal thoughts; only physical harm was correlated with suicidal attempts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of harms from others' drinking and its negative correlates underscore the need for colleges to focus on second-hand effects in programs for tackling alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rani
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - T S Jaisoorya
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Priya G Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | | | - C R Jeevan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - K S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - B Adhin
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - K Thennarasu
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre of Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Quigg Z, Bellis MA, Grey H, Webster J, Hughes K. Alcohol's harms to others in Wales, United Kingdom: Nature, magnitude and associations with mental well-being. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100162. [PMID: 31193765 PMCID: PMC6542752 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the nature and magnitude of alcohol's harms to others (AHTOs), and associations with mental well-being. Methods Cross-sectional survey implemented amongst 891 randomly selected Welsh residents (aged 18+ years), via computer assisted telephone interviews. Questions established past 12-month experience of nine direct harms resulting from another person's alcohol consumption (e.g. violence) and five linked outcomes (e.g. concern for a child). The source (e.g. partner/stranger) and frequency of the AHTO were collected, and respondents' socio-demographics, drinking behaviours and mental well-being status. Results During the past 12 months, 43.5% of respondents had experienced at least one direct harm (45.5% at least one direct harm/linked outcome). In demographically adjusted analyses, the odds of experiencing any direct harm decreased sequentially as age group increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AORs]: 1.9 [age 65–74 years] - 4.2 [age 18–34 years]), and was higher amongst binge drinkers (AOR, 1.5, p < 0.05). Associations between age group and suffering the direct harms anxiety, disrupted sleep, feeling threatened, property damage and emotional neglect were found. Experience of feeling threatened was lower amongst females (AOR 0.6, p < 0.05). In demographically adjusted analyses, low mental well-being was higher amongst those who had suffered alcohol-related financial issues (AOR 2.2, p < 0.001), emotional neglect (AOR 2.3, p < 0.01) and property damage (AOR 2.2, p < 0.05). Conclusion AHTOs place a large, although unequal burden on adults in Wales. Individuals' drinking patterns are associated with experience of AHTOs. Critically, experience of some harms is associated with low mental well-being. The harms from alcohol extend from the drinker to those around them (i.e. alcohol's harms to others [AHTOs]). AHTOs place a large, although unequal burden on the Welsh adult population, with young people and binge drinkers most at-risk. Experience of some AHTOs is associated with low mental well-being. AHTOs should be a consideration in the development, targeting and evaluation of alcohol policy and prevention activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Quigg
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- Policy Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK.,School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Hannah Grey
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jane Webster
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- Policy Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK.,School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Greenfield TK, Cook WK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Patterson D, Kerr WC, Xuan Z, Naimi TS. The Relationship Between the U.S. State Alcohol Policy Environment and Individuals' Experience of Secondhand Effects: Alcohol Harms Due to Others' Drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1234-1243. [PMID: 31166048 PMCID: PMC6553486 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although restrictive state alcohol policy environments are protective for individuals' binge drinking, research is sparse on the effect of alcohol policies on alcohol's harms to others (AHTO). We examined the lagged associations between efficacy of U.S. state alcohol policies and number of harms from others' drinking 1 year later. METHODS Individuals with AHTO data in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (analytic sample n = 26,744) that pooled the 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 National Alcohol Surveys and a 2015 National Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey were linked with prior-year state policy measures. We used 2 measures from the Alcohol Policy Scale (APS)-effectiveness in reducing (i) binge drinking and (ii) impaired driving, based on experts' efficacy judgments regarding 29 state alcohol policies. Three 12-month AHTO measures (due to another drinker) were experiencing: (i) either family/marriage difficulties or financial troubles; (ii) being assaulted or vandalized; and (iii) passenger with drunk driver or traffic accident. Multilevel models accounting for clustering within states and stratified by age-groups (<40 vs. ≥40) examined associations between the APS and AHTO measures, controlling for individual covariates (gender, race, education, employment and marital status, family problem-drinking history) of the victim. RESULTS Only for those aged <40, the lagged APS-Binge drinking and APS-Impaired driving scores were each inversely associated with aggression-related harms and, separately, with drunk driving-related harm from someone else's drinking (ps < 0.05 to < 0.01). Family/financial harms were not associated with APS scores for either age-group. Composite AHTO measures (any of 3 harm-types) also were inversely associated with stronger state alcohol policy environments (ps < 0.05 to <0.01). CONCLUSIONS State alcohol policies may be effective in reducing, to a meaningful degree, aggression-related harms and vehicular hazards due to other drinkers, but mainly in those under 40.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won K. Cook
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville California USA
| | | | - Deidre Patterson
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville California USA
| | - William C. Kerr
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville California USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy S. Naimi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical Addiction Research & Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Beynon C, Bayliss D, Mason J, Sweeney K, Perkins C, Henn C. Alcohol-related harm to others in England: a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e021046. [PMID: 31072846 PMCID: PMC6528046 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence, the frequency and the perpetrators of alcohol-related harm to others (AHTO) and identify factors associated with experiencing harm and aggressive harm. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS Adults (general population) aged 16 and over. OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of respondents who experienced harm. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the outcomes. Outcomes were (1) experienced harm/did not experience harm and (2) experienced aggressive harm (physically threatened, physically hurt and forced/pressured into something sexual)/did not experience an aggressive harm (no aggressive harm plus no harm at all). RESULTS Data to support a response rate calculation were not collected; 96.3% of people surveyed completed the AHTO questions. The weighted sample was 4874; 20.1% (95% CI 18.9 to 21.4, N=980) reported experiencing harm in the previous 12 months and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0 to 5.4, N=225) reported experiencing an aggressive harm. Friends and strangers were the dominant perpetrators. Most harms (74.8%) occurred less than monthly. Factors associated with experiencing harm were: younger age (p<0.001), drinking harmfully/hazardously (p<0.001), white British (p<0.001 compared to other white groups and Asian groups and p=0.017 compared to black groups), having a disability (p<0.001), being educated (p<0.001 compared to no education) and living in private rented accommodation (p=0.004 compared with owned outright). Being in the family stage of life (defined as having children in the household) had significantly lower odds of harm (p=0.006 compared to being single), as did being retired (p<0.001 compared to being employed). Factors associated with experiencing an aggressive harm were similar. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study, using data collected through the Alcohol Toolkit Survey, shows that AHTO affects 20.1% of the population of England. Even apparently minor harms, like being kept awake, can have a negative impact on health, while aggressive harms are clearly of concern. Using a standard methodology to measure harm across studies would be advantageous. Policies that focus on alcohol must take into consideration the impact of drinking on those other than the drinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl Beynon
- Risk Factors Intelligence Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Bayliss
- Risk Factors Intelligence Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenny Mason
- Risk Factors Intelligence Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate Sweeney
- Risk Factors Intelligence Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare Perkins
- Risk Factors Intelligence Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clive Henn
- Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Division, Public Health England, London, UK
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Stanesby O, Callinan S, Graham K, Wilson IM, Greenfield TK, Wilsnack SC, Hettige S, Hanh HTM, Siengsounthone L, Waleewong O, Laslett AM. Harm from Known Others' Drinking by Relationship Proximity to the Harmful Drinker and Gender: A Meta-Analysis Across 10 Countries. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1693-1703. [PMID: 30035808 PMCID: PMC6120764 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking is a common activity with friends or at home but is associated with harms within both close and extended relationships. This study investigates associations between having a close proximity relationship with a harmful drinker and likelihood of experiencing harms from known others' drinking for men and women in 10 countries. METHODS Data about alcohol's harms to others from national/regional surveys from 10 countries were used. Gender-stratified random-effects meta-analysis compared the likelihood of experiencing each, and at least 1, of 7 types of alcohol-related harm in the last 12 months, between those who identified someone in close proximity to them (a partner, family member, or household member) and those who identified someone from an extended relationship as the most harmful drinker (MHD) in their life in the last 12 months. RESULTS Women were most likely to report a close male MHD, while men were most likely to report an extended male MHD. Relatedly, women with a close MHD were more likely than women with an extended MHD to report each type of harm, and 1 or more harms, from others' drinking. For men, having a close MHD was associated with increased odds of reporting some but not all types of harm from others' drinking and was not associated with increased odds of experiencing 1 or more harms. CONCLUSIONS The experience of harm attributable to the drinking of others differs by gender. For preventing harm to women, the primary focus should be on heavy or harmful drinkers in close proximity relationships; for preventing harm to men, a broader approach is needed. This and further work investigating the dynamics among gender, victim-perpetrator relationships, alcohol, and harm to others will help to develop interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm to others which are specific to the contexts within which harms occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | | | | | - Sharon C. Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Siri Hettige
- Department of Sociology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Globalism Research Centre, School of Social Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Orratai Waleewong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Zemore SE, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Mulia N, Kerr WC, Ehlers CL, Cook WK, Martinez P, Lui C, Greenfield TK. The Future of Research on Alcohol-Related Disparities Across U.S. Racial/Ethnic Groups: A Plan of Attack. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:7-21. [PMID: 29227222 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests striking disparities in alcohol use, problems, and treatment across racial/ethnic groups in the United States. However, research on alcohol-related disparities affecting racial/ethnic minorities remains in its developmental stages. The current article aims to support future research in this growing field by highlighting some of the most important findings, questions, and approaches, focusing on psychosocial research. METHOD This article advances seven research needs (i.e., questions and topics meriting attention) that we believe are of crucial importance to the field. We draw on the existing literature to illuminate under-explored areas that are highly relevant to health intervention and that complement the field's existing focus. RESULTS Identified research needs include research that (a) better describes disparities in alcohol-related health conditions and their drivers, (b) identifies appropriate screening and brief intervention methods for racial/ethnic minorities, (c) investigates disparities in access to and use of alcohol treatment and support services, (d) examines the comparative efficacy of existing alcohol interventions and develops tailored interventions, (e) explores the impacts of specific alcohol policies across and within racial/ethnic groups, and (f) describes the full spectrum of alcohol-related harms and how and why these may vary across racial/ethnic groups. We also call for (g) continuing research to monitor disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS This article points to specific strategies for describing, explaining, intervening on, and monitoring some of the most substantial alcohol-related disparities. Conclusions outline methods and processes that may be advantageous in addressing these priorities, including the use of longitudinal designs; consideration of life course changes; attention to nontraditional intervention settings; and inclusion of disadvantaged populations in all aspects of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
| | | | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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17
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Seid AK, Berg-Beckhoff G, Stock C, Bloomfield K. Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark? NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2018; 35:118-130. [PMID: 32934521 PMCID: PMC7434201 DOI: 10.1177/1455072518759829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examined the associations between distance from residence to the nearest alcohol outlet with alcohol consumption as well as with alcohol-related harm. Methods: Data on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm and sociodemographics were obtained from the 2011 Danish Drug and Alcohol Survey (n = 5133) with respondents aged 15–79 years. The information on distances from residence to the nearest alcohol outlets was obtained from Statistics Denmark. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the association between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption whereas alcohol-related harm was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results: Among women it was found that those living closer to alcohol outlets were more likely to report alcohol-related harm (p < 0.05). This was not true for men. No association was found between distances to outlets and alcohol consumption (volume of drinking and risky single occasion drinking). Conclusions: This study found some support for an association between closer distances between place of residence and alcohol outlets and alcohol-related harm for women. Future studies in the Nordic region should continue to examine the association between physical alcohol availability (nearest distance to an outlet and outlet densities) and alcohol consumption as well as alcohol-related problems using different outlet types.
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18
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Wilsnack SC, Greenfield TK, Bloomfield K. The GENAHTO Project (Gender and Alcohol's Harm to Others): Design and methods for a multinational study of alcohol's harm to persons other than the drinker. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG RESEARCH 2018; 7:37-47. [PMID: 30740190 PMCID: PMC6366670 DOI: 10.7895/ijadr.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Most alcohol research has focused on how drinking harms the drinker. Research on alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) has studied primarily single or small groups of countries. This article describes the methodology of a new multinational study - GENAHTO - of how social and cultural contexts are related to AHTO, from the perspectives of both perpetrators and victims. DESIGN The GENAHTO Project uses surveys in 21 countries that provide data from drinkers who report causing harms to others, and surveys in 16 countries that provide data from victims of AHTO. The countries surveyed vary widely in alcohol policies, drinking cultures, gender-role definitions, and socioeconomic conditions. PARTICIPANTS More than 140,000 men and women, aged 15-84, participated in the surveys. MEASURES Individual-level measures include demographics, alcohol use patterns, and alcohol-related harms. Regional- and societal-level measures include socioeconomic conditions, drinking patterns, alcohol policies, gender inequality, and income inequality. FINDINGS The project seeks to identify characteristics of AHTO victims and perpetrators; within-country regional differences in AHTO; and associations between national alcohol polices and individual and regional levels of AHTO. CONCLUSIONS GENAHTO is the first project to assess AHTO in diverse societies. Its findings can inform policies to abate AHTO in varying cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | | | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Wilsnack RW, Wilsnack SC, Gmel G, Kantor LW. Gender Differences in Binge Drinking. Alcohol Res 2018; 39:57-76. [PMID: 30557149 PMCID: PMC6104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Just as binge drinking rates differ for men and women, the predictors and consequences of binge drinking vary by gender as well. This article examines these differences and how binge drinking definitions and research samples and methods may influence findings. It also describes the relationship between age and binge drinking among men and women, and how drinking culture and environment affect this relationship. It examines gender-specific trends in binge drinking, predictors of binge drinking for men and women, and binge drinking in the context of smoking. The article reviews current findings on gender differences in the health consequences of binge drinking, including morbidity and mortality, suicidality, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, liver disorders, and brain and neurocognitive implications. It also discusses gender differences in the behavioral and social consequences of binge drinking, including alcohol-impaired driving, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence, and includes implications for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Wilsnack
- Richard W. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sharon C. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Gerhard Gmel, Ph.D., is a professor, University of Lausanne, and is affiliated with the Alcohol Treatment Center, University of Lausanne Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also an invited professor, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Lori Wolfgang Kantor, M.A., is a science writer at CSR, Incorporated
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- Richard W. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sharon C. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Gerhard Gmel, Ph.D., is a professor, University of Lausanne, and is affiliated with the Alcohol Treatment Center, University of Lausanne Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also an invited professor, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Lori Wolfgang Kantor, M.A., is a science writer at CSR, Incorporated
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Richard W. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sharon C. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Gerhard Gmel, Ph.D., is a professor, University of Lausanne, and is affiliated with the Alcohol Treatment Center, University of Lausanne Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also an invited professor, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Lori Wolfgang Kantor, M.A., is a science writer at CSR, Incorporated
| | - Lori Wolfgang Kantor
- Richard W. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sharon C. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Gerhard Gmel, Ph.D., is a professor, University of Lausanne, and is affiliated with the Alcohol Treatment Center, University of Lausanne Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also an invited professor, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Lori Wolfgang Kantor, M.A., is a science writer at CSR, Incorporated
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20
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Tamutienė I. Alcohol’s harm from strangers drinking in Lithuania. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1271030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Tamutienė
- Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Kaplan LM, Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Examination of associations between early life victimisation and alcohol's harm from others. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37:365-374. [PMID: 28833744 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Study aims were to examine: (i) how physical and sexual victimisation in early life are associated with alcohol's harm from others; and (ii) whether respondents' current drinking is a mediator of the association between early life victimisation and alcohol's harm from others among men and women. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from national computer-assisted telephone interviews, using the landline sample (3335 men and 3520 women ages ≥18) from the 2010 US National Alcohol Survey. Harms from someone else's drinking included family/marital problems, financial troubles, assault and vandalism in the past 12 months. Victimisation was measured with severe physical abuse or sexual assault before age 18. RESULTS Severe physical or sexual victimisation before age 18 was reported by 3.4% of men and 8.1% of women. Significantly more men (5.2%) than women (2.4%) reported assault by other drinkers, and significantly more women reported family/marital (5.3%) and financial problems (2.8%) than did men (2.6 and 1% respectively). Severe early life victimisation was robustly associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing past-year harms from other drinkers for both men and women. Men's drinking partially mediated associations between early life victimisation and recent assaults and vandalism by other drinkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early life victimisation may increase risk of harms from someone else's drinking. Health services and interventions that screen for histories of victimisation may help decrease risk of later harms from others' drinking. Reductions in drinking among men with histories of victimisation also could help reduce their exposure to such harms. [Kaplan LM, Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Examination of associations between early life victimisation and alcohol's harm from others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Kaplan
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, USA.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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22
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Rossow I, Ramstedt M. Challenges in Estimating Population Impacts of Alcohol's Harm to others. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a renewed interest in alcohol's harm to others (AHTO), and survey studies in the general population are often used to estimate the extent of harm, to address the severity and variety of harms, and to identify the victims of such harm. While cross-sectional survey studies are attractive in several respects, they also entail several methodological challenges. Aim We discuss some of these issues, paying particular attention to the problems of causal attribution, transferability, survey data collection and range of harms. Conclusions We offer some suggestions for study design to enhance causal inferences from studies examining alcohol's harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs
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23
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Contextualizing Alcohol's Harm to others in Space and over Time. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/nsad-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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The effects of alcohol-related harms to others on self-perceived mental well-being in a Canadian sample. Int J Public Health 2016; 62:669-678. [PMID: 27900393 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine (1) the harms related to the drinking of others in five Canadian provinces, stratified by socio-demographic variables, and (2) the relationship between these harms and mental well-being. METHODS A telephone survey sampled 375 adults from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. Harms related to the drinking of others were measured through 16 questions in the domains of psychological, physical, social, and financial harms. Self-perceived mental well-being was measured with his or her mental well-being. RESULTS In 2012, 40.1% of Canadian adults surveyed experienced harm in the previous year related to the drinking of another person. These harms were more frequent among people who had a higher education level, were widowed, separated, divorced or never married, and were employed. Psychological, physical, and financial harms related to the drinking of others were significantly correlated to a person's mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS Harms related to the drinking of others are prevalent in this Canadian survey. Furthermore, the psychological, physical, and financial harms related to the drinking of others negatively impact the mental well-being of the affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Marmet
- Research Department, Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Research Department, Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Toronto, Canada
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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26
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Greenfield TK, Kaplan LM. Distress and alcohol-related harms from intimates, friends, and strangers. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016; 22:434-441. [PMID: 28757806 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1232761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) has gained increased research and policy attention, yet little information is available on different social relationships involved in such harms or consequences of harms perpetrated by various types of drinkers. Using data from the 2014-15 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (N=5,922), we present analyses comparing frequency and impacts of eight past-year harms from other drinkers. In this sample (53% female; 66% White/Caucasian, 13% Black/African American, and 15% other race; 15% Hispanic/Latino of any race; mean age=47 years), 19% reported at least one harm in the prior 12 months, 8% reported more than one harm, 4.9% reported a family perpetrator, 3.5% a spouse perpetrator, 6.1% a friend perpetrator, and 8.1% a stranger perpetrator. Controlling for basic demographics, the number of harms in the past year and harms perpetrated by known others (but not strangers) were significantly associated with recent distress. When comparing specific harms, financial problems due to a family member's or a spouse/partner's drinking each were associated with significantly greater distress, as were feeling threatened or afraid of family members, spouses/partners or friends who had been drinking. These new data shed light on possible intervention points to reduce negative impacts of AHTO in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren M Kaplan
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Kaplan LM, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Greenfield TK. Drinking context and alcohol's harm from others among men and women in the 2010 US National Alcohol Survey. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016; 22:412-418. [PMID: 28757805 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1232758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how drinking in different contexts is associated with harms from someone else's drinking, including marital problems, financial problems, and assault. We examined how drinking in four different contexts was associated with alcohol's harm from others (AHFO). METHODS We utilized the landline sample of the 2010 US National Alcohol Survey (n = 5,885) to examine associations between drinking context and AHFO using weighted binary logistic regression. RESULTS For women, drinking when friends dropped over was positively associated with assault and financial troubles due to someone else's drinking. Drinking when friends dropped over was negatively associated with assault for men. For men, drinking at a bar, party, or during a quiet evening at home were each significantly associated with more assault by someone who had been drinking. Bar drinking among women was significantly associated with more marital problems, whereas drinking at a party at someone else's home was associated with significantly less marital problems. CONCLUSIONS Context-specific drinking has differential associations with specific types of harms from someone else's drinking for men and women. Additional research on drinking context, relationship to the harmer, and violence experienced by men and women is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Kaplan
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Rossow I. How Well Do Survey Studies Capture Alcohol's Harm to Others? SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 9:99-106. [PMID: 26819555 PMCID: PMC4721679 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Empirical studies assessing alcohol’s harm to others very often rely on population survey data. This study addresses some of the problems and challenges in using survey data for this purpose. Such problems include the limited capacity of population surveys in identifying infrequent harm and long-term consequences of drinking. Moreover, the drinker may report the alcohol-related harm or the person being harmed may report the damage. However, irrespective of who reports the harm, causal attribution to drinking is problematic. Challenges for future population surveys to address alcohol’s harm to others include the need for improved models and understanding of complex mechanisms to guide empirical studies within the broad range of harm. Study designs other than cross-sectional surveys, such as longitudinal study designs and combinations of population surveys and other data sources, are likely to overcome some of the identified problems in current population surveys of alcohol’s harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway
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Bellis MA, Quigg Z, Hughes K, Ashton K, Ferris J, Winstock A. Harms from other people's drinking: an international survey of their occurrence, impacts on feeling safe and legislation relating to their control. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e010112. [PMID: 26700293 PMCID: PMC4691765 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with suffering harm from another person's alcohol consumption and explore how suffering such harms relate to feelings of safety in nightlife. DESIGN Cross-sectional opportunistic survey (Global Drug Survey) using an online anonymous questionnaire in 11 languages promoted through newspapers, magazines and social media. SUBJECTS Individuals (participating November 2014-January 2015) aged 18-34 years, reporting alcohol consumption in the past 12 months and resident in a country providing ≥ 250 respondents (n=21 countries; 63,725 respondents). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Harms suffered due to others' drinking in the past 12 months, feelings of safety on nights out (on the way out, in bars/pubs, in nightclubs and when travelling home) and knowledge of over-serving laws and their implementation. RESULTS In the past 12 months, >40% of respondents suffered at least one aggressive (physical, verbal or sexual assault) harm and 59.5% any harm caused by someone drunk. Suffering each category of harm was higher in younger respondents and those with more harmful alcohol consumption patterns. Men were more likely than women to have suffered physical assault (9.2% vs 4.7; p<0.001), with women much more likely to suffer sexual assault or harassment (15.3% vs 2.5%; p<0.001). Women were more likely to feel unsafe in all nightlife settings, with 40.8% typically feeling unsafe on the way home. In all settings, feeling unsafe increased with experiencing more categories of aggressive harm by a drunk person. Only 25.7% of respondents resident in countries with restrictions on selling alcohol to drunks knew about such laws and 75.8% believed that drunks usually get served alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Harms from others' drinking are a threat to people's health and well-being. Public health bodies must ensure that such harms are reflected in measures of the societal costs of alcohol, and must advocate for the enforcement of legislation designed to reduce such harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bellis
- Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zara Quigg
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jason Ferris
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Winstock
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Camberwell, UK
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Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kaplan LM, Kerr WC, Wilsnack SC. Trends in Alcohol's Harms to Others (AHTO) and Co-occurrence of Family-Related AHTO: The Four US National Alcohol Surveys, 2000-2015. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 9:23-31. [PMID: 26549971 PMCID: PMC4624092 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Various harms from others' drinking have been studied individually and at single points in time. We conducted a US population 15-year trend analysis and extend prior research by studying associations of depression with combinations of four harms - family/marriage difficulties, financial troubles, assault, and vandalism - attributed to partners or family members. Data come from four National Alcohol Surveys conducted by telephone in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 (analytic sample = 21,184). Weighted logistic regression models estimated time trends adjusting for victim characteristics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, poverty, employment, family history of alcohol problems, and drinking maximum). The 2015 survey asked the source of the harm; we used similar models to examine characteristics, including anxiety and depression, associated with various combinations of family/marriage, financial, and assault harms due to partner's/spouse's/family members' drinking. A significant upward trend (P <0.001) from 2000 to 2015 was seen for financial troubles but not for other harms due to someone else's drinking. In 2015, depression and/or anxiety were strongly associated with exposures to harms and combinations of harms identified as stemming from drinking spouse/partner and/or family members. The results shed new light on 15-year trends and associations of harms with personal characteristics. A replicated finding is how the victim's own heavy drinking pattern is implicated in risks for exposures to harms from someone else's drinking. Documenting risk factors for and mental health impacts is important for interventions to reduce alcohol's harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. ; Clifford Attkisson Clinical Services Research Training Program Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Kaplan
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. ; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Seid AK, Grittner U, Greenfield TK, Bloomfield K. To Cause Harm and to be Harmed by Others: New Perspectives on Alcohol's Harms to Others. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 9:13-22. [PMID: 26512203 PMCID: PMC4603526 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how sociodemographic factors and alcohol consumption are related to a four-way typology of causing harm to others and/or being harmed by others’ and one’s own drinking. DATA AND METHODS Data from the 2011 Danish national survey (n = 2,569) were analyzed with multi nomial logistic regression. RESULTS Younger age and heavy drinking were significant correlates of both causing harm and being harmed. Women and better educated respondents were more likely to report negative effects on relationship and family from another’s drinking. Better educated respondents had higher risks for work, financial, or injury harms from another’s drinking. Mean alcohol consumption and risky single occasion drinking were related to both causing harm and being harmed from one’s own drinking. CONCLUSIONS Drinking variables were the strongest correlates of causing harm and being harmed. Efforts to reduce risky drinking may also help reduce exposures to collateral harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu K Seid
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute for Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark ; Institute for Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany ; Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Ye Y, Kaplan LM. Those harmed by others' drinking in the US population are more depressed and distressed. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:22-29. [PMID: 26382188 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Harms from second-hand smoke were instrumental in enacting tobacco controls. Documenting negative impacts of harms from others' drinking (also called second-hand effects of drinking) is vital to increase political will for optimal alcohol policies. We assessed associations between harms from others' drinking and depression in a national sample of US adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Using the landline sample from the 2010 National Alcohol Survey (n = 5388), weighted logistic regression models adjusting for alcohol problems in family of origin, respondent drinking pattern (volume and heaviest drinking), poverty and other demographics were used to analyse associations between experiencing harms from others' drinking in the last 12 months with mild to moderate depression (8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; alpha = 0.92; using cut point ≥8) and current distress. RESULTS Past 12 month family/marital harms, financial troubles, assaults, and vandalised property attributed to others' drinking were each associated with higher depression scores (all P < 0.001). In a combined model, all harms other than assaults remained highly significant. Similar patterns were found for current distress, but with some specific differences because of measurement and analytic approaches chosen also evident. DISCUSSION Findings suggest recently experiencing particular harms from others' drinking significantly affects mental health (both depression and distress). This confirms in a US population results recently reported in Australasian samples. CONCLUSIONS Studies that quantify the extent to which heavy drinkers victimise others are important for alcohol policy. [Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Ye Y, Kaplan LM. Those harmed by others' drinking in the US population are more depressed and distressed. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;●●:●●-●●].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William C Kerr
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
| | - Yu Ye
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
| | - Lauren M Kaplan
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
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Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Giesbrecht N, Kerr WC, Ye Y, Bond J. Second-hand drinking may increase support for alcohol policies: new results from the 2010 National Alcohol Survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:259-67. [PMID: 24761758 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The harms of second-hand smoke motivated tobacco control legislation. Documenting the effects of harms from others' drinking might increase popular and political will for enacting alcohol policies. We investigated the individual-level relationship between having experienced such harms and favouring alcohol policy measures, adjusting for other influences. DESIGN AND METHODS We used the landline sample (n = 6957) of the 2010 National Alcohol Survey, a computer-assisted telephone interview survey based on a random household sample in the USA. Multivariable regression models adjusted for personal characteristics, including drinking pattern (volume and heavy drinking), were used to investigate the ability of six harms from others' drinking to predict a three-item measure of favour for stronger alcohol policies. RESULTS Adjusting for demographics and drinking pattern, number of harms from others' drinking predicted support for alcohol policies (P < 0.001). In a similar model, family- and aggression-related harms, riding with a drink driver and being concerned about another's drinking all significantly influenced favour for stronger alcohol policy. DISCUSSION Although cross-sectional data cannot prove a causal influence or directionality, the association found is consistent with the hypothesis that experiencing harms from others' drinking (experienced by a majority) makes one more likely to favour alcohol policies. Other things equal, women, racial/ethnic minorities, lower-income individuals and lighter drinkers tend to be more supportive of alcohol controls and policies. CONCLUSIONS Studies that estimate the impact of harms from other drinkers on those victimised are important and now beginning. Next we need to learn how such information could affect decision makers and legislators.
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